Izinhlobo / i-thymoma / isiguli / ingane-thymoma-treatment-pdq

I-Childhood Thymoma kanye ne-Thymic Carcinoma Treatment (®) -Patient Version

Imininingwane ejwayelekile Mayelana ne-Thymoma ne-Thymic Carcinoma

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• I-Thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma yizifo lapho amangqamuzana amabi (umdlavuza) akha khona ku-thymus.

• Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma zifaka ukukhwehlela nenkinga yokuphefumula.

• Izingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma nazo zingaba nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

• Izivivinyo ezihlola i-thymus nesifuba zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga i-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma.

• Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama).

I-Thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma yizifo lapho amangqamuzana amabi (umdlavuza) akha khona ku-thymus.

I-Thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma yizinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza ezingakha kumaseli amboze ingaphandle le-thymus. I-thymus isitho esincane esifubeni esingenhla ngaphansi kwethambo lesifuba. Iyingxenye yohlelo lwe-lymph futhi yenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, abizwa ngama-lymphocyte, asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka. Lawa mdlavuza uvame ukwakheka phakathi kwamaphaphu engxenyeni engaphambili yesifuba futhi uvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi se-x-ray esifubeni esenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

I-anatomy yeglandi. Indlala ye-thymus isitho esincane esilele esifubeni esingenhla ngaphansi kwethambo lesifuba. Kwenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, abizwa ngama-lymphocyte, avikela umzimba ezifweni.

Noma i-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma zakha uhlobo olufanayo lweseli, benza ngendlela ehlukile:

• Thymoma. Amaseli womdlavuza abukeka njengamaseli ajwayelekile e-thymus, akhula kancane, futhi angavamile ukusabalala ngale kwe-thymus. I-thymoma ingaba yi-thymic carcinoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• I-Thymic carcinoma. Amaseli womdlavuza awabukeki njengamaseli ajwayelekile e-thymus, akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi asabalalele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamathumba, ezinjenge-lymphoma noma i-germ cell tumors, zingakheka ku-thymus, kepha azibhekwa njenge-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma zifaka ukukhwehlela nenkinga yokuphefumula.

Lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zingabangelwa i-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma noma ezinye izimo.

Buza kudokotela wengane yakho uma ingane yakho inokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela.

• Ukuphefumula kanzima.

• Ubuhlungu noma ukuzwa okuqinile esifubeni.

• Inkinga yokugwinya.

• Ukungahambi kahle.

• Imfiva.

• Ukwehla kwesisindo.

• I-Superior vena cava syndrome.

Izingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma nazo zingaba nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Izingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma nazo zingaba nesinye sezifo zamasosha omzimba ezilandelayo noma ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni:

• I-Myasthenia gravis.

• I-aplasia yeseli ebomvu ebomvu.

• I-Hypogammaglobulinemia.

• I-Nephrotic syndrome.

• I-Scleroderma.

• Dermatomyositis.

• ILupus.

• Isifo samathambo.

• Indlala yegilo.

• I-Hyperthyroidism.

• Isifo i-Addison.

• I-Panhypopituitarism.

Izivivinyo ezihlola i-thymus nesifuba zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga i-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando wezempilo: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yezitho namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-x-ray uhlobo lwesigongolo samandla esingangena emzimbeni nasefilimini, lwenze isithombe sezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

• I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana abulalayo omzimba emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.

Ukuskena kwePositron emission tomography (PET). Ingane ilele phezu kwetafula elishibilika ngesithwebuli se-PET. Ukuphumula kwekhanda nomucu omhlophe kusiza ingane ukuba ilele inganyakazi. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni wengane, futhi isithwebuli senza isithombe sokuthi i-glucose isetshenziswa kuphi emzimbeni. Amaseli womdlavuza avela ngokugqamile esithombeni ngoba athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.

• I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngudokotela wezifo ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama).

Isibikezelo sincike kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Noma ngabe umdlavuza yi-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.

• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ezindaweni eziseduzane noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususwe ngokuphelele yini ngokuhlinzwa.

• Ukuthi umdlavuza usanda kutholakala noma usuphindile (buyela emuva) ngemuva kokwelapha.

Isibikezelo singcono uma umdlavuza ungakasakazeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-thymoma yobuntwana ivame ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba isimila sisakaze.

Izigaba ze-Thymoma ne-Thymic Carcinoma

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ngemuva kokuthi kutholwe i-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele ezindaweni eziseduzane noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngemuva kokuthi kutholwe i-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele ezindaweni eziseduzane noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Inqubo esetshenzisiwe ukuthola ukuthi i-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma isakaze ukusuka ku-thymus iya ezindaweni eziseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ibizwa nge-staging. I-Thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma zingasakazekela emaphashini, isibindi, izinso, noma ulwelwesi oluzungeze amaphaphu nenhliziyo. Imiphumela yezivivinyo nezinqubo ezenziwe ukuxilonga i-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-thymoma yobuntwana noma i-thymic carcinoma iyabuya (ibuya emuva) ngemuva kokwelapha.

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma i-thymic carcinoma isakazekela emaphashini, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asephashini empeleni angamaseli e-thymic carcinoma. Lesi sifo yi-metastatic thymic carcinoma, hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwezingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.

• Izingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma kufanele zihlelwe ngendlela yokwelashwa yithimba lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezingane.

• Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

• Ukwelashwa kweHormone

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

• Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma kungadala imiphumela emibi.

• Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

• Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwezingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Ngoba umdlavuza ezinganeni uyivelakancane, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kufanele kubhekwe. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Izingane ezine-thymoma noma i-thymic carcinoma kufanele zihlelwe ngendlela yokwelashwa yithimba lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezingane.

Ukwelashwa kuzobhekwa ngudokotela wezingane oncologist, udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza. Udokotela we-oncologist usebenza nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yezingane abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza futhi abagxile ezindaweni ezithile zemithi. Lokhu kungafaka ongoti abalandelayo nabanye:

• Udokotela wezingane.

• Udokotela ohlinzayo wezingane.

• I-radiation oncologist.

• Udokotela wezifo zengqondo.

• Umhlengikazi ongumhlengikazi.

• Usonhlala kahle.

• Uchwepheshe wokuvuselelwa.

• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.

• Ingcweti kwezempilo yengane.

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza yiyona ndlela yokwelapha i-thymoma kanye ne-thymic carcinoma. Kodwa-ke, i-thymic carcinoma ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa futhi kungenzeka iphinde ibuye (ibuye) ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke endaweni yomzimba enomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy).

Ukwelashwa kweHormone

Ukwelashwa kweHormone ukwelashwa komdlavuza okususa ama-hormone noma kuvimbe isenzo sabo futhi kumise amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angakhuli. AmaHormone yizinto ezenziwa yizindlala emzimbeni futhi zigeleza egazini. Amanye ama-hormone angadala ukuthi umdlavuza othile ukhule. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza anezindawo lapho ama-hormone anganamathisela khona (ama-receptors), izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni noma ukuwavimba ekusebenzeni. Ukwelashwa kweHormone usebenzisa i-corticosteroids noma i-octreotide kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-thymoma.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe uhlobo lwezokwelapha olusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ukukhomba nokuhlasela amaseli womdlavuza athile. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zivame ukudala ukulimala okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile kunokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• I-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Le mithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe ivimba amasiginali adingekayo ukuze izicubu zikhule. I-Sunitinib isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma engaphendulanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusacutshungulwa ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma ebuye yabuya (ibuya).

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma ne-thymic carcinoma kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela emibi eqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza eqala ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi iqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka ibizwa ngemiphumela ephuzile. Imiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza ingafaka:

• Izinkinga zomzimba.

• Izinguquko zemizwa, imizwa, ukucabanga, ukufunda, noma inkumbulo.

• Umdlavuza wesibili (izinhlobo ezintsha zomdlavuza) noma ezinye izimo.

Eminye imiphumela yesikhashana ingalashwa noma ilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela bengane yakho ngemiphumela engaba khona sekwephuzile ebangelwe ukwelashwa okuthile. Bona isifinyezo se- ngemiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza wezingane ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sengane yakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Thymoma

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma esanda kutholakala kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kwezimila ezingenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa noma uma isimila sihlala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• I-Chemotherapy, yezicubu ezingaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa kweHormone (octreotide), kwezicubu ezingaphendulanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe (i-sunitinib), yamathumba angaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Thymic Carcinoma

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thymic carcinoma esanda kutholakala kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kwezimila ezingenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa noma uma isimila sihlala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• I-Chemotherapy, yezicubu ezingaphendulanga ekwelashweni ngemisebe.

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe (i-sunitinib), yamathumba angaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Thymoma Ephindaphindayo Ne-Thymic Carcinoma

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa kwe-thymoma ephindayo kanye ne-thymic carcinoma ezinganeni kungabandakanya okulandelayo:

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo esihlola isampula lesimila sesiguli ukuthola izinguquko ezithile zofuzo. Uhlobo lokwelashwa okuqondisiwe oluzonikezwa isiguli kuncike ohlotsheni lokushintsha kofuzo.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-Thymoma ne-Thymic Carcinoma

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu evela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana ne-thymoma yengane kanye ne-thymic carcinoma, bheka okulandelayo

• Ikhasi lasekhaya le-Thymoma ne-Thymic Carcinoma

• I-Computed Tomography (CT) Iskena Nomdlavuza

• Izindlela Zokwelapha Zomdlavuza

Ngemininingwane eminingi yomdlavuza wezingane nezinye izinsiza zomdlavuza ezijwayelekile, bheka okulandelayo:

• Mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Umdlavuza Wezingane

• I-CureSearch ye-Cancer YezinganePhuma Ukuzikhulula

• Imiphumela Emuva Yokwelapha Yomdlavuza Wezingane

• Intsha kanye nabantu abadala abancane abaneCancer

• Izingane Ezinomdlavuza: Umhlahlandlela Wabazali

• Umdlavuza Ezinganeni Nasebusheni

• Isiteji

• Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza

• Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli

Hlunga ngosuku Hlunga ngesikolo

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