Izinhlobo / izicubu ezithambile-i-sarcoma / isiguli / i-gist-treatment-pdq

Ukwelashwa Kwamathumbu Okuqina Kwamathumbu (®) –Patient Version

Imininingwane ejwayelekile Mayelana Namathumbu Wamathumbu Esisu

Isimila esisemathunjini yisifo lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile akha izicubu zomgudu wamathumbu.

Ipheshana lesisu (GI) liyingxenye yohlelo lokugaya ukudla lomzimba. Kuyasiza ukugaya ukudla futhi kuthatha izakhamzimba (amavithamini, amaminerali, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni, namanzi) ekudleni ukuze kusetshenziswe umzimba. Ipheshana le-GI lenziwe ngezitho ezilandelayo:

• Isisu.

• Amathumbu amancane.

• Amathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni).

Izicubu zomzimba ezisemathunjini (GISTs) zingaba yingozi (umdlavuza) noma zibe nobungozi (hhayi umdlavuza). Zivame kakhulu esiswini nasemathunjini amancane kepha zingatholwa noma kuphi ngaphakathi noma eduze kwepheshana le-GI. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-GIST aqala kumaseli abizwa ngama-interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC), odongeni lwepheshana le-GI.

Izicubu zesisu esisemathunjini (GISTs) zingatholakala noma kuphi ngaphakathi noma eduze kwethambo lamathumbu.

Bona isifinyezo se- mayelana Nomdlavuza Ongajwayelekile Wokwelashwa Kwezingane ngolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-GIST ezinganeni.

Izici zofuzo zingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola isimila esisemathunjini.

Noma yini enyusa ubungozi bokuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba sengozini.

Izakhi zofuzo ezisemangqamuzaneni zithwala imininingwane eyifa elitholwe kubazali bomuntu. Ubungozi be-GIST buyanda kubantu abazuze ifuzo (ushintsho) kuhlobo oluthile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-GIST angatholakala kumalungu amaningana omndeni ofanayo.

I-GIST ingaba yingxenye yesifo sofuzo, kepha lokhu akuvamile. I-genetic syndrome iqoqo lezimpawu noma izimo ezenzeka ndawonye futhi imvamisa zibangelwa izakhi zofuzo ezingajwayelekile. Ama-syndromes alandelayo wezakhi zofuzo axhunywe kwi-GIST:

• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).

• UCarney triad.

Izimpawu zamathumba ezinyaweni zamathumbu zifaka igazi esitokisini noma emhlanzweni.

Lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zingadalwa yi-GIST noma ngezinye izimo. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Igazi (noma elibomvu ngokukhanyayo noma elimnyama kakhulu) esitokisini noma ekuhlanzeni

• Ubuhlungu esiswini, obungaba bukhulu.

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu.

• Inkinga noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya.

• Ukuzizwa usuthi ngemuva kokudla okuncane kuphela okudliwayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ipheshana le-GI kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuxilonga izicubu zomzimba emathunjini.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

• I-endoscopic ultrasound ne-biopsy: I- Endoscopy ne-ultrasound zisetshenziselwa ukwenza isithombe sepheshana eliphezulu le-GI bese kwenziwa i-biopsy. I-endoscope (insimbi encanyana, efana nethubhu enelambu kanye nelensi yokubuka) ifakwa ngomlomo ize ifike emphinjeni, esiswini, nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane. Iphenyo ekugcineni kwe-endoscope isetshenziselwa ukuqhuma amaza omsindo wamandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) ezicutshini zangaphakathi noma ezithweni futhi enze ama-echoes. Ama-echoes akha isithombe sezicubu zomzimba esibizwa nge-sonogram. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-endosonography. Eqondiswa yi-sonogram, udokotela ususa izicubu esebenzisa inaliti encane, engenalutho. Isazi sezifo sibheka izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Uma umdlavuza utholakala, izivivinyo ezilandelayo zingenziwa ukutadisha amangqamuzana omdlavuza:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Isivivinyo selabhorethri esisebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukubheka ama-antigen (amakaki) athile kusampula yezicubu zesiguli. Amasosha omzimba avamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-enzyme noma udayi we-fluorescent. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-antibody abophele kwi-antigen ethile kusampula yezicubu, i-enzyme noma idayi iyasebenza, bese kuthi i-antigen ibonakale ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza nokusiza ukutshela uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza kolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza.

• Isilinganiso seMitotic: Isilinganiso sokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi akhule kangakanani. Izinga le-mitotic litholakala ngokubala inani lamaseli ahlukana ngenani elithile lezicubu zomdlavuza.

Ama-GIST amancane kakhulu ajwayelekile.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-GISTs mancane kune-eraser ngaphezulu kwepensela. Izicubu zingatholakala ngesikhathi senqubo eyenziwe ngesinye isizathu, njenge-x-ray noma ukuhlinzwa. Ezinye zalezi zicubu ezincane ngeke zikhule futhi zidale izimpawu noma izimpawu noma zisakaze esiswini noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Odokotela abavumelani ngokuthi kumele zisuswe yini lezi zicubu ezincane noma kufanele zibhekwe ukuthi ziyaqala yini ukukhula.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

• Amaseli womdlavuza akhula futhi ahlukane ngokushesha kangakanani.

• Usayizi wesimila.

• Lapho isimila sikhona emzimbeni.

• Ukuthi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.

• Ukuthi isimila sesisabalalele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izigaba Zamathumbu Wamathumbu Esisu

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila esisemathunjini, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekile yini engxenyeni yamathumbu noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Imiphumela yokuhlola ukuxilongwa kanye nesiteji isetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa.

Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila esisemathunjini, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekile yini engxenyeni yamathumbu noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Inqubo esetshenziselwe ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphakathi kwepheshana lesisu (GI) noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ibizwa nge-staging. Imininingwane eqoqwe kusuka kusistimu yesiteji inquma isigaba sesifo. Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa kunqubo yokubeka iziteji:

• I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana abulalayo omzimba emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.

I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

• I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yezitho namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-x-ray uhlobo lwesigongolo samandla esingangena emzimbeni nasefilimini, lwenze isithombe sezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Inqubo yokubheka ukuthi kunamaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha yini, njengamaseli womdlavuza, ethanjeni. Inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezinomsakazo lifakwa emthanjeni futhi lihambe phakathi kwegazi. Izinto ezinemisebe eqoqa emathanjeni ezinomdlavuza futhi zitholwa isithwebuli.

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lwesimila njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma i-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) isakazeka esibindi, amaseli wesimila esesibindi empeleni angamaseli we-GIST. Lesi sifo yi-metastatic GIST, hhayi umdlavuza wesibindi.

Imiphumela yokuhlola ukuxilongwa kanye nesiteji isetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa.

Kuma-cancer amaningi kubalulekile ukwazi isigaba somdlavuza ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-GIST akusekelwe esigabeni somdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni isimila singasuswa yini ngokuhlinzwa nokuthi ngabe isimila sesinabele kwezinye izingxenye zesisu noma ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekutheni isimila:

• Kuyabonakala: Lezi zicubu zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

• Okunganqandeki: Lezi zicubu azikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.

• I-Metastatic and recurrent: Izicubu ze-Metastatic zisabalalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Izicubu eziphindaphindayo zibuyele emuva (zibuya) ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ama-GIST aphindaphindiwe angabuya emgodini wamathumbu noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Imvamisa zitholakala esiswini, i-peritoneum, kanye / noma isibindi.

• Okuphikisayo: Lezi zicubu azikabi ngcono ngokwelashwa.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinamathumba aqinile emathunjini.

• Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

• Ukulinda okulindile

• Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo

• Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa kwezicubu zomzimba emathunjini kungadala imiphumela emibi.

• Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

• Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinamathumba aqinile emathunjini.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinamathumba asemathunjini e-stromal (GISTs). Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukuhlinzwa

Uma i-GIST ingasakazekanga futhi isendaweni lapho ukuhlinza kungenziwa ngokuphepha, isimila nezinye izicubu ezisizungezile zingasuswa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-laparoscope (ishubhu elincane elikhanyisiwe) ukubona ngaphakathi komzimba. Ukusikeka okuncane (ukusikeka) kwenziwa odongeni lwesisu bese kufakwa i-laparoscope kokunye okusikiwe. Izinsimbi zingafakwa ngokusebenzisa imbobo efanayo noma ngezinye iziqephu zokususa izitho noma izicubu.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe uhlobo lokwelashwa olusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ukukhomba nokuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza athile ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli ajwayelekile.

Ama-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ama-TKIs) yimithi yokwelapha ehlosiwe evimba amasiginali adingekayo ukuze izimila zikhule. Ama-TKI angasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama-GIST angenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ukunciphisa ama-GIST ngakho-ke aba mancane ngokwanele ukuthi angasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. I-Imatinib mesylate ne-sunitinib ngama-TKI amabili asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama-GIST. Ama-TKIs kwesinye isikhathi anikezwa inqobo nje uma isimila singakhuli nemiphumela emibi engaba bikho.

Bheka Izidakamizwa Kuvunyelwe Izilonda Zesisu Sesisu ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ukulinda okulindile

Ukulinda ngokuqapha kusibhekisisa isimo sesiguli ngaphandle kokunikeza ukwelashwa kuze kuvele izimpawu noma izimpawu.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo

Uma i-GIST iba yimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa noma kunemiphumela engemihle, ukunakekelwa okusekelwayo kuyanikezwa. Umgomo wokunakekelwa okusekelayo ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izimpawu zesifo, imiphumela emibi edalwa ukwelashwa, nezinkinga zengqondo, ezenhlalo nezingokomoya ezihlobene nesifo noma ukwelashwa kwaso. Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli ezinesifo esibi noma esisongela impilo. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwesinye isikhathi kunikezwa njengokunakekelwa okusekela ukudambisa izinhlungu ezigulini ezinamathumba amakhulu asakazekile.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa kwezicubu zomzimba emathunjini kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Ukulandelelwa kwama-GIST asuswe ngokuhlinzwa kungafaka ukuskena kwe-CT kwesibindi nokhalo noma ukulinda okulindile. Kuma-GIST aphathwa ngama-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, izivivinyo zokulandelela, ezinjenge-CT, i-MRI, noma i-PET scan, zingenziwa ukubheka ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwamathumbu Esisu Esisemathunjini

Kulesi Sigaba

• Izicubu Zesisu Ezibonakalayo Zesisu

• Izimila Zesisu Ezingabonakali Zesisu

• Ama-Metastatic and Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

• Izicubu Zomzimba Ezikhanyayo Zesisu

• Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Izicubu Zesisu Ezibonakalayo Zesisu

Izicubu ezinesibindi zesisu (GISTs) zingasuswa ngokuphelele noma cishe zisuswe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha izicubu ezinamasentimitha ama-2 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlinzwa nge-laparoscopic kungenziwa uma isimila singama-5 cm noma sincane. Uma kunamaseli omdlavuza asele emaphethelweni endawo lapho isisu sisuswe khona, ukulinda okulindile noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe nge-imatinib mesylate kungalandela.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha okubhekiswe ku-imatinib mesylate ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukunciphisa amathuba okuthi isimila siphinde sibuye (sibuye).

Izimila Zesisu Ezingabonakali Zesisu

Ama-GIST angenakulinganiswa awakwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa ngoba makhulu kakhulu noma asendaweni lapho kungaba khona umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni eziseduze uma isisu sisuswa. Ukwelashwa imvamisa kuyilingo lomtholampilo lokwelashwa okuqondisiwe nge-imatinib mesylate yokunciphisa isimila, kulandelwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ama-Metastatic and Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Ukwelashwa kwama-GISTs ane-metastatic (asakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba) noma eziphindayo (abuya emuva kokwelashwa) angafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe nge-imatinib mesylate.

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe nge-sunitinib, uma isimila siqala ukukhula ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-imatinib mesylate noma uma imiphumela emibi imibi kakhulu.

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha izicubu eziye zaphathwa ngokwelashwa okuhlosiwe futhi ziyancipha, zizinzile (aziguquki), noma ezikhule kancane ngosayizi. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kungaqhubeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha izicubu lapho kunezinkinga ezinkulu, njengokuphuma kwegazi, imbobo epheshaneni lamathumbu (GI), ipheshana le-GI elivinjiwe, noma ukutheleleka.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha okusha.

Izicubu Zomzimba Ezikhanyayo Zesisu

Ama-GIST amaningi aphathwa nge-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) aba yi-refractory (yeka ukuphendula) kumuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ukwelashwa imvamisa kuyisilingo somtholampilo nge-TKI ehlukile noma isilingo somtholampilo somuthi omusha.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze Funda Kabanzi Ngamathumbu Wesisu Esisemathunjini

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu evela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana nezicubu zesisu zesisu, bheka okulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya le-Soft Tissue Sarcoma

• Umdlavuza Ongajwayelekile Wokwelashwa Kwezingane

• Izidakamizwa Zivunyelwe Izilonda Zamathumbu Esisu

• Izindlela Zokwelapha Zomdlavuza

• Ama-Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:

• Mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Isiteji

• I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza

• Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli