Izinhlobo / amathumbu amancane / isiguli / ukwelashwa ngamathumbu amancane-pdq
Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamathumbu Amancane (®) –Patient Version
Imininingwane Jikelele Ngomdlavuza Wamathumbu Amancane
AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA
- Umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zamathumbu amancane.
- Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
- Ukudla kanye nomlando wezempilo kungathinta ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
- Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu zifaka phakathi ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali nobuhlungu besisu.
- Ukuhlolwa okuhlola amathumbu amancane kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola), ukuxilonga, kanye nokwakha umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane.
- Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.
Umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zamathumbu amancane.
Ithumbu elincanyana liyingxenye yohlelo lokugaya ukudla lomzimba, olufaka phakathi umphimbo, isisu namathumbu amakhulu. Uhlelo lokugaya lususa futhi lucubungule izakhamzimba (amavithamini, amaminerali, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni, namanzi) ekudleni futhi kusiza ukudlulisa imfucuza emzimbeni. Amathumbu amancane yishubhu elide elixhumanisa isisu namathumbu amakhulu. Isonga kaningi ukuze ingene ngaphakathi esiswini.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezitholakala emathunjini amancane yi-adenocarcinoma, i-sarcoma, izicubu ze-carcinoid, isimila samathumbu esiswini, ne-lymphoma. Lesi sifinyezo sixoxa nge-adenocarcinoma ne-leiomyosarcoma (uhlobo lwe-sarcoma).
I-Adenocarcinoma iqala kumaseli wezindlala emgqeni wamathumbu amancane futhi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu. Iningi lalezi zicubu zenzeka engxenyeni yamathumbu amancane eduze kwesisu. Zingakhula futhi zivimbe amathumbu.
I-Leiomyosarcoma iqala kumaseli wemisipha abushelelezi wamathumbu amancane. Iningi lalezi zicubu zenzeka engxenyeni yamathumbu amancane eduze kwethumbu elikhulu.
Bona izifinyezo ezilandelayo ze- ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu:
- Ukwelashwa Kwe-Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma
- Ukwelashwa Kwe-Sarcoma Tissue Tissue Tissue
- Ukwelashwa Kwe-Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Ukwelashwa Kwe-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment
- Ukwelashwa Kwamathumbu Ezitho Zesisu ze-Carcinoid (Adult)
- Ukwelashwa Kwamathumbu Wamathumbu Esisu (Umuntu Omdala)
Ukudla kanye nomlando wezempilo kungathinta ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
Noma yini enyusa ubungozi bokuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba sengozini. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
- Ukuba nesifo seCrohn.
- Ukuba nesifo se-celiac.
- Ukuba nomndeni we-adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu zifaka phakathi ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali nobuhlungu besisu.
Lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zingabangelwa umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu noma ezinye izimo. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu noma amajaqamba maphakathi nesisu.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
- Isigaxa esiswini.
- Igazi esitulweni.
Ukuhlolwa okuhlola amathumbu amancane kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola), ukuxilonga, kanye nokwakha umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane.
Izinqubo ezenza izithombe zamathumbu amancane nendawo ezungezile zisiza ukuxilonga umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane futhi zikhombise ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Inqubo esetshenziselwe ukuthola ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakaze ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwamathumbu amancane ibizwa ngokuthi yi-staging.
Ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu nokuthi ngabe isimila singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo zokuthola, ukuxilonga, kanye nokwakha umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane zivame ukwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye. Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
- Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inqubo lapho kuhlolwe khona isampula segazi ukukala inani lezinto ezithile ezikhishwe egazini ngezitho nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingavamile (eliphakeme noma eliphansi kunokujwayelekile) lezinto kungaba uphawu lwesifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi: Inqubo lapho kuhlolwe khona isampula segazi ukukala inani lezinto ezithile ezikhishwe egazini yisibindi. Inani eliphakeme kunelojwayelekile lezinto kungaba uphawu lwesifo sesibindi esingahle sidalwe ngumdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
- I-Endoscopy: Inqubo yokubheka izitho nezicubu ngaphakathi komzimba ukubheka izindawo ezingajwayelekile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-endoscopy:
- I-endoscopy ephezulu: Inqubo yokubheka ingaphakathi lesisu, isisu, ne-duodenum (ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane, eduze kwesisu). I-endoscope ifakwa ngomlomo nangaphakathi komphimbo, isisu, ne-duodenum. I-endoscope iyinsimbi encane, efana nethubhu enokukhanya nelensi yokubuka. Kungaba futhi nethuluzi lokususa amasampula wezicubu, ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza.
- I-Capsule endoscopy: Inqubo yokubheka ngaphakathi kwamathumbu amancane. Iphilisi elicishe lilingane nephilisi elikhulu futhi eliqukethe ukukhanya nekhamera encane engenantambo igwinywa yisiguli. I-capsule ihamba ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla, kufaka phakathi amathumbu amancane, futhi ithumela izithombe eziningi zengaphakathi lomgudu wokugaya ukudla kumrekhoda ogqokwa okhalweni noma ehlombe. Izithombe zithunyelwa zisuka kwirekhoda ziye kukhompyutha bese zibukwa ngudokotela ohlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. I-capsule idlula emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwamathumbu.
- I-endoscopy ephindwe kabili yebhaluni:Inqubo yokubheka ingaphakathi lamathumbu amancane. Ithuluzi elikhethekile elenziwe ngamashubhu amabili (elinye ngaphakathi kwelinye) lifakwa ngomlomo noma ngethumbu nangaphakathi emathunjini amancane. Ishubhu langaphakathi (i-endoscope enokukhanya nelensi yokubuka) idluliswa ngengxenye yamathumbu amancane nebhaluni ekugcineni kwalo ligcwele ukugcina i-endoscope isendaweni. Okulandelayo, ithubhu langaphandle lihanjiswa emathunjini amancane ukuze lifinyelele ekugcineni kwe-endoscope, bese ibhaluni ekugcineni kwethumbu langaphandle lifuthwa ukuze ligcinwe lisendaweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhaluni elisekugcineni kwe-endoscope liyahlanjululwa bese i-endoscope idluliswa engxenyeni elandelayo yamathumbu amancane. Lezi zinyathelo ziphindaphindwa kaningi njengoba amashubhu ahamba emathunjini amancane. Udokotela uyakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi lamathumbu amancane nge-endoscope futhi asebenzise ithuluzi ukususa amasampula ezicubu ezingavamile. Amasampula wezicubu ahlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Le nqubo ingenziwa uma imiphumela ye-capsule endoscopy ingajwayelekile. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-double balloon enteroscopy.
- I-Laparotomy: Inqubo yokuhlinza lapho kwenziwa ukusikeka (ukusika) odongeni lwesisu ukubheka ngaphakathi kwesisu ukuthi asinazo yini izimpawu zesifo. Ubukhulu bokusikwa buxhomeke ekutheni kungani i-laparotomy yenziwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kususwa izitho noma ama-lymph node noma kuthathwe amasampula wezicubu futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zesifo.
- I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi se-endoscopy noma i-laparotomy. Isampula lihlolwe ngudokotela wezifo ukubona ukuthi linamaseli omdlavuza yini.
- Uchungechunge oluphezulu lwe-GI ngokulandela okuncane kwamathumbu: Uchungechunge lwama-x-ray we-esophagus, isisu, namathumbu amancane. Isiguli siphuza uketshezi oluqukethe i-barium (insimbi eyinsimbi emhlophe). Uketshezi limboza umphimbo, isisu namathumbu amancane. Ama-X-ray athathwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene njengoba i-barium ihamba ngomgudu ongenhla we-GI namathumbu amancane.
- I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.
- I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).
Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.
Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
- Noma ngabe umdlavuza ungaphakathi kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu amancane kuphela noma usabalale wangena noma ngaphezulu kodonga lwamathumbu amancane.
- Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele nakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni, njengama-lymph node, isibindi, noma i-peritoneum (izicubu ezibeka udonga lwesisu futhi lumboze iningi lezitho esiswini).
- Ukuthi umdlavuza ungasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuthi umdlavuza usanda kutholakala yini noma usubuyile.
Izigaba zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu
AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA
- Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo zokwenziwa komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu kuvame ukwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye nokuxilongwa.
- Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.
- Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu uqoqwe ngokusho kokuthi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo zokwenziwa komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu kuvame ukwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye nokuxilongwa.
Isiteji sisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani, kepha izinqumo zokwelashwa azisekelwe esiteji. Bona isigaba soLwazi Jikelele ukuthola incazelo yezivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola, ukuxilonga, kanye nokwakha umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane.
Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.
Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:
- Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.
- Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.
- Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
- Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu usakazekela esibindi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesibindi empeleni angamaseli omdlavuza omncane wamathumbu. Lesi sifo umdlavuza wamathumbu omncane we-metastatic, hhayi umdlavuza wesibindi.
Umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu uqoqwe ngokusho kokuthi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni isimila singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa nokuthi umdlavuza uphathwa njengesilonda esiyinhloko noma umdlavuza we-metastatic.
Umdlavuza Wamathumbu Omncane Oqhubekayo
Umdlavuza wamathumbu omncane ophindaphindiwe wumdlavuza obuye wabuya (ubuye) ngemuva kokuba welashwe. Umdlavuza ungabuya emathunjini amancane noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa
AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
- Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:
- Ukuhlinzwa
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
- Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Biologic
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu kungadala imiphumela emibi.
- Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
- Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukuhlinzwa ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu. Enye yalezi zinhlobo zokuhlinzwa zingenziwa:
- Ukuphinda: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye noma sonke isitho esiqukethe umdlavuza. I-resection ingafaka amathumbu amancane nezitho eziseduze (uma umdlavuza usakazekile). Udokotela angasusa ingxenye yamathumbu amancane aqukethe umdlavuza bese enza i-anastomosis (ukuhlanganisa izingqimba ezisikiwe zamathumbu ndawonye). Udokotela uvame ukukhipha ama-lymph node eduze kwamathumbu amancane bese ewahlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubona ukuthi anawo yini umdlavuza.
- I-Bypass: Ukuhlinzwa ukuvumela ukudla emathunjini amancane ukuzungeza (ukudlula) isimila esivimba amathumbu kodwa esingasuswa.
Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela awususe wonke umdlavuza ongabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ezinye iziguli zinganikezwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ukwelashwa okunikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant therapy.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:
- Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.
- Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.
Indlela yokwelashwa ngemisebe enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza olashwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza omncane wamathumbu.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo ku-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.
Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Biologic
Ukwelashwa nge-Biologic ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amasosha omzimba esiguli ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba noma ezenziwe elabhoratri zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa, noma ukubuyisa izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba kumdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza lubizwa nangokuthi i-biotherapy noma i-immunotherapy.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers
Ama-radiosensitizers yizidakamizwa ezenza amangqamuzana ama-tumor azwele kakhulu ekwelashweni kwemisebe. Ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers kungabulala amangqamuzana amaningi wesimila.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu kungadala imiphumela emibi.
Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.
Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.
Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.
Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.
Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.
Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.
Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.
Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.
Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.
Izinketho zokwelashwa zomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu
Kulesi Sigaba
- I-Adenocarcinoma encane yamathumbu
- I-Leiomyosarcoma encane yamathumbu
- Umdlavuza Wamathumbu Omncane Oqhubekayo
Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.
I-Adenocarcinoma encane yamathumbu
Uma kwenzeka, ukwelashwa kwamathumbu amancane i-adenocarcinoma kuzoba ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila kanye nezinye izicubu ezijwayelekile ezisizungezile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-adenocarcinoma emathunjini amancane angenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa kungafaka okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlinzwa ukwedlula isimila.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe njengokwelashwa okunciphisayo ukukhulula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers, noma ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo semithi emisha elwa nomdlavuza.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwe-biologic.
Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.
I-Leiomyosarcoma encane yamathumbu
Uma kwenzeka, ukwelashwa kwe-leiomyosarcoma yamathumbu amancane kuzoba ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila kanye nezinye izicubu ezijwayelekile ezisizungezile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-leiomyosarcoma emathunjini amancane angenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa kungafaka okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlinzwa (ukwedlula isimila) kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
- Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma i-chemotherapy njengokwelashwa okunciphisayo ukukhulula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo semithi emisha elwa nomdlavuza.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwe-biologic.
Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.
Umdlavuza Wamathumbu Omncane Oqhubekayo
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathumbu omncane ophindaphindiwe osakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba imvamisa kuyisivivinyo somtholampilo semithi emisha yokulwa nomdlavuza noma i-biologic therapy.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omncane wamathumbu omncane ophindayo kungabandakanya okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy njengokwelashwa okunciphisayo ukukhulula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers, noma ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.
Ukufunda Okwengeziwe Ngomdlavuza Wamathumbu Amancane
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuvela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana nomdlavuza omncane wamathumbu, bheka ikhasi lasekhaya le-Cancer.
Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:
- Mayelana Nomdlavuza
- Isiteji
- I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
- Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
- Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza
- Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza
- Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli
Nika amandla ukuvuselelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamazwana