Types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq

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Ukwelashwa Kwe-Penile Cancer (®) –Patient Version

Imininingwane Jikelele Ngomdlavuza wePenile

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Umdlavuza wePenile yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zomthondo.
  • Ukutheleleka komuntu nge-papillomavirus kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza we-penile.
  • Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-penile zifaka izilonda, ukuphuma kanye nokopha.
  • Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ipipi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuthola umdlavuza we-penile.
  • Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Umdlavuza wePenile yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zomthondo.

Umthondo isitho sokuzala sowesilisa esimise okwentonga esidlulisa isidoda nomchamo emzimbeni. Iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu ze-erectile (izicubu zesiponji ezinemithambo yegazi ezigcwalisa igazi ukwenza ukwakhiwa):

  • ICorpora cavernosa: Amakholomu amabili wezicubu ze-erectile akha ipipi kakhulu.
  • ICorpus spongiosum: Ikholomu eyodwa yezicubu ze-erectile ezakha ingxenye encane yepipi. I-corpus spongiosum izungeze i-urethra (ishubhu lapho umchamo nesidoda kudlula khona emzimbeni).

Izicubu ze-erectile zisongwe ngezicubu ezixhunyiwe futhi zimbozwe ngesikhumba. I-glans (ikhanda lomthondo) limbozwe ngesikhumba esivulekile esibizwa ngejwabu.

Umzimba womthondo. Izingxenye zepipi ziyisisekelo, shaft, glans, nejwabu. Izicubu ezakha ipipi zihlanganisa i-dorsal nerve, imithambo yegazi, izicubu ezixhumanayo, nezicubu ze-erectile (corpus cavernosum kanye ne-corpus spongiosum). I-urethra idlula isuka esinyeni iye esihlokweni somthondo.

Ukutheleleka komuntu nge-papillomavirus kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza we-penile.

Noma yini eyandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba sengozini. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza we-penile zifaka okulandelayo:

Ukusoka kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV). Ukusoka kungukuhlinzwa lapho udokotela esusa ingxenye noma lonke ijwabu elivela epipi. Abafana abaningi basokwa ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Abesilisa abangasokile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa bangaba nengozi enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza we-penile.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza we-penile zifaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuba neminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
  • Ukuba ne-phimosis (isimo lapho ijwabu lobudoda lingakwazi ukubuyiselwa khona emuva kwe-glans).
  • Ukungabi nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
  • Ukuba nabalingani abaningi ocansini.
  • Usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-penile zifaka izilonda, ukuphuma kanye nokopha.

Lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu zingabangelwa umdlavuza we-penile noma ezinye izimo. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ukubomvu, ukucasuka, noma isilonda esithweni sangasese.
  • Isigaxa esithweni sangasese.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ipipi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuthola umdlavuza we-penile.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

  • Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola umthondo ukuthi awunazo yini izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
  • I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngudokotela wezifo ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Isampula lezicubu liyasuswa phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezilandelayo:
  • I-incisional biopsy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yesigaxa noma isampula lezicubu ezingabukeki zijwayelekile.
  • I-Biopsy e-Excisional: Ukususwa kwesigaxa sonke noma indawo yezicubu ezingabonakali zijwayelekile.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

  • Isigaba somdlavuza.
  • Indawo nobukhulu besimila.
  • Ukuthi umdlavuza usanda kutholakala noma usuphindile (buyela emuva).

Izigaba Zomdlavuza wePenile

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza we-penile, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele ngaphakathi kwenduku noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-penile:
  • Isigaba 0
  • Isiteji I
  • Isigaba II
  • Isigaba III
  • Isigaba IV

Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza we-penile, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele ngaphakathi kwenduku noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Inqubo esetshenziswayo ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphakathi kwendoda noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ibizwa ngokuthi yi-staging. Imininingwane eqoqwe kusuka kusistimu yesiteji inquma isigaba sesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi isigaba ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa kunqubo yokubeka iziteji:

  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe eziningiliziwe zezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezinjenge-pelvis, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.
  • I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana abulalayo omzimba emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile. Uma le nqubo yenziwa ngasikhathi sinye ne-CT scan, ibizwa nge-PET / CT scan.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Into ebizwa ngokuthi i-gadolinium ijojowe emthanjeni. I-gadolinium iqoqa izungeze amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze akhanye ngokugqamile esithombeni. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound: Inqubo lapho amaza omsindo wamandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) ehlaselwa izicubu zangaphakathi noma izitho bese enza ama-echoes. Ama-echoes akha isithombe sezicubu zomzimba esibizwa nge-sonogram.
  • I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yezitho namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-x-ray uhlobo lwesigongolo samandla esingangena emzimbeni nasefilimini, lwenze isithombe sezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.
  • I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngudokotela wezifo ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Isampula lezicubu liyasuswa phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezilandelayo:
  • I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Ukususwa kwe-sentinel lymph node ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-sentinel lymph node iyisakhi sokuqala se-lymph eqenjini lama-lymph node ukuthola i-lymphatic drainage evela ku-tumor yokuqala. Kuyi-lymph node yokuqala umdlavuza ongahle usabalale uye kusukela kusimila sokuqala. Kufakwa into enemisebe kanye / noma udayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze kwesimila. Into noma udayi ugeleza ngemigudu ye-lymph uye kuma-lymph node. I-lymph node yokuqala yokwamukela into noma udayi iyasuswa. Isazi sezifo sibheka izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza engatholakali, kungahle kungadingeki ukususa ama-lymph node amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-sentinel lymph node itholakala eqenjini elingaphezu kwelilodwa lama-node.
  • Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-lymph node: Inqubo yokususa i-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emgodini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Isampula lezicubu lihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-lymphadenectomy.

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.
  • Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

  • Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza we-penile usakazeka uye emaphashini, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asephashini empeleni angamaseli womdlavuza we-penile. Lesi sifo umdlavuza we-penile we-metastatic, hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-penile:

Isigaba 0

Isigaba 0 sihlukaniswe ngezigaba 0is no-0a.

  • Esigabeni 0is, amangqamuzana angajwayelekile atholakala ebusweni besikhumba sowesilisa. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akha ukukhula okungaba ngumdlavuza futhi kusabalale kwezicubu ezijwayelekile eziseduze. Isigaba 0is sibizwa nangokuthi i-carcinoma in situ noma i-penile intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • Esigabeni 0a, umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongasabalali utholakala ebusweni besikhumba somuntu wesilisa noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sejwabu sowesilisa. Isigaba 0a sibizwa nangokuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma engavumelekile.

Isiteji I

Esigabeni sokuqala, umdlavuza usakhekile futhi wasabalala waba izicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba sowesilisa. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga emithanjeni ye-lymph, imithambo yegazi, noma izinzwa. Amaseli womdlavuza abukeka njengamaseli ajwayelekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Isigaba II

Isigaba II sihlukaniswe ngezigaba IIA no-IIB.

Esigabeni IIA, umdlavuza usakazekile:

  • kuya kwezicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba somthondo. Umdlavuza usabalalele emithanjeni ye-lymph, imithambo yegazi, kanye / noma izinzwa; noma
  • kuya kwezicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba somthondo. Ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka engajwayelekile noma amaseli e-sarcomatoid; noma
  • ku-corpus spongiosum (izicubu ze-spongy erectile emgodini kanye ne-glans egcwalisa igazi ukwenza ukwakhiwa).

Esigabeni IIB, umdlavuza usakazekile:

  • ngokusebenzisa ungqimba lwezicubu ezizungeze i-corpus cavernosum kanye ne-corpus cavernosum (izicubu ze-spongy erectile ezihamba ngomgudu wepipi).

Isigaba III

Isigaba III sihlukaniswe ngezigaba IIIA nesigaba IIIB. Umdlavuza utholakala epipini.

  • Esigabeni IIIA, umdlavuza usabalalele ku-1 noma 2 ama-lymph node ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-groin.
  • Esigabeni IIIB, umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node ama-3 noma ngaphezulu ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-groin noma kuma-lymph node ezinhlangothini zombili ze-groin.

Isigaba IV

Esigabeni IV, umdlavuza usakazekile:

  • ezicutshini eziseduze nepipi, njenge-scrotum, i-prostate, noma i-pubic bone, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node ku-groin noma i-pelvis; noma
  • kuma-lymph node eyodwa noma amaningi ku-pelvis, noma umdlavuza usabalale ngokumboza kwangaphandle kwama-lymph node kuya ezicutshini eziseduze; noma
  • kuma-lymph node ngaphandle kwesikhumba noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengephaphu, isibindi noma ithambo.

Umdlavuza Ophindelela Wepenile

Umdlavuza we-penile ophindaphindiwe ngumdlavuza obuye wabuya (ubuye) ngemuva kokuba welashwe. Umdlavuza ungabuyela emthondweni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-penile.
  • Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:
  • Ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Biologic
  • Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.
  • Ama-Radiosensitizers
  • I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy elandelwa ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-penile kungadala imiphumela emibi.
  • Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
  • Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-penile.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinomdlavuza we-penile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza we-penile. Udokotela angawususa umdlavuza esebenzisa eyodwa yalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

  • I-Mohs microsurgery: Inqubo lapho kusikwa khona isimila esikhunjeni ngezingqimba ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, imiphetho yesimila kanye nongqimba ngalunye lwesimila olususiwe kubukwa ngesibonakhulu ukuhlola amaseli omdlavuza. Izendlalelo ziyaqhubeka nokususwa kuze kungabonakali amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lususa izicubu ezincane ezijwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa umdlavuza esikhunjeni. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs.
Mohs ukuhlinzwa. Inqubo yokuhlinza ukususa isilonda esibonakalayo esikhumbeni ngezinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu ezinomdlavuza luyasuswa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungqimba lwesibili lwesicubu luyasuswa lubukwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuhlola amaseli omdlavuza. Izendlalelo eziningi zisuswa ngamunye ngamunye kuze kube yilapho izicubu ezibhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu zingakhombisi ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza osele. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lusetshenziselwa ukususa izicubu ezincane ezijwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
  • Ukuhlinzwa nge-Laser: Inqubo yokuhlinza esebenzisa umsebe we-laser (umsebe omncane wokukhanya okukhulu) njengommese ukwenza ukusikeka ngaphandle kwegazi ezicutshini noma ukususa isilonda esingaphezulu njengesimila.
  • I-Cryosurgery: Ukwelashwa okusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqandisa nokubhubhisa izicubu ezingavamile. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lubizwa nangokuthi i-cryotherapy.
  • Ukusoka: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye noma lonke ijwabu lobudoda.
  • Ukusikwa kwendawo yonke: Ukuhlinzwa kususwa kuphela umdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezijwayelekile ezizungezile.
  • Ukunqunywa kwenduku: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye noma wonke umthondo. Uma ingxenye yomthondo isusiwe, kuyi-penectomy engaphelele. Uma wonke umthondo ususiwe, kuyi-penectomy ephelele.

Ama-lymph node ku-groin angakhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela awususe wonke umdlavuza ongabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ezinye iziguli zinganikezwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ukwelashwa okunikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant therapy.

' Yokwelapha Kushisa bhé kule ndawo

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.
  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.

Indlela okunikezwa ngayo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle neyangaphakathi kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-penile.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo esikhunjeni (i-topical chemotherapy) noma i-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa.

I-topical chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesigaba se-penile.

Bheka Izidakamizwa ezivunyelwe i-Penile Cancer ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Biologic

Ukwelashwa nge-Biologic ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amasosha omzimba esiguli ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba noma ezenziwe elabhoratri zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa, noma ukubuyisa izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba kumdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza lubizwa nangokuthi i-biotherapy noma i-immunotherapy. Ukwelashwa kwe-biologic topical nge-imiquimod kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesigaba se-penile.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ama-Radiosensitizers

Ama-radiosensitizers yizidakamizwa ezenza amangqamuzana ama-tumor azwele kakhulu ekwelashweni kwemisebe. Ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngama-radiosensitizers kusiza ukubulala amangqamuzana amaningi wesimila.

I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy elandelwa ukuhlinzwa

I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy ukususwa kwe-sentinel lymph node ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-sentinel lymph node iyisakhi sokuqala se-lymph eqenjini lama-lymph node ukuthola amanzi e-lymphatic avela ku-tumor yokuqala. Kuyi-lymph node yokuqala umdlavuza ongahle usabalale uye kusukela kusimila sokuqala. Kufakwa into enemisebe kanye / noma udayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze kwesimila. Into noma udayi ugeleza ngemigudu ye-lymph uye kuma-lymph node. I-lymph node yokuqala yokwamukela into noma udayi iyasuswa. Isazi sezifo sibheka izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza engatholakali, kungahle kungadingeki ukususa ama-lymph node amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-sentinel lymph node itholakala eqenjini elingaphezu kwelilodwa lama-node. Ngemuva kwe-sentinel lymph node biopsy, udokotela ohlinzayo uyawususa umdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-penile kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Izinketho Zokwelapha ngeStage

Kulesi Sigaba

  • Isigaba 0
  • Isiteji I-Penile Cancer
  • Umdlavuza Wepenile Yesigaba II
  • Umdlavuza Wepenile Yesigaba III
  • Isigaba IV Umdlavuza Wepenile

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Isigaba 0

Ukwelashwa kwesigaba 0 kungaba kokulandelayo:

  • I-Mohs microsurgery.
  • I-topical chemotherapy.
  • Ukwelashwa kwezihloko ze-biologic nge-imiquimod.
  • Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laser.
  • I-Cryosurgery.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Isiteji I-Penile Cancer

Uma umdlavuza ungaphakathi kwejwabu kuphela, ukusokwa okubanzi kwendawo nokusoka kungaba ukuphela kwokwelapha okudingekayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-penile wesigaba I kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-penectomy engaphelele noma ephelele ngokususwa noma ngaphandle kwama-lymph node ku-groin.
  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi.
  • I-Mohs microsurgery.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwelaser.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Umdlavuza Wepenile Yesigaba II

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesigaba II we-penile kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-penectomy engaphelele noma ephelele, ngokususwa noma ngaphandle kwama-lymph node ku-groin).
  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi okulandelwa ukuhlinzwa.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-sentinel lymph node biopsy esilandelwa ukuhlinzwa.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokuhlinzwa kwelaser.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Umdlavuza Wepenile Yesigaba III

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesigaba sesithathu we-penile kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-penectomy nokususwa kwama-lymph node ku-groin) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-sentinel lymph node biopsy esilandelwa ukuhlinzwa.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo sama-radiosensitizers.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo semithi emisha, ukwelashwa kwe-biologic, noma izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlinzwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Isigaba IV Umdlavuza Wepenile

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesigaba IV we-penile kuvame ukuthambisa (ukunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo). Ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi nokususwa kwama-lymph node ku-groin).
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo semithi emisha, ukwelashwa kwe-biologic, noma izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlinzwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Ophindelela Wepenile

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ophindaphindiwe we-penile kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (penectomy).
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwe-biologic.
  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi Ngomdlavuza wePenile

Ngeminye imininingwane evela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana nomdlavuza we-penile, bona okulandelayo:

  • Ikhasi Lasekhaya Lomdlavuza Wepenile
  • Ama-Lasers ekwelashweni komdlavuza
  • I-Cryosurgery ekwelashweni komdlavuza
  • Izidakamizwa zivunyelwe i-Penile Cancer
  • Amagciwane ePapilloma kanye Nomdlavuza

Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:

  • Mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Isiteji
  • I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
  • Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
  • Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza
  • Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli


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