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Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza We-Parathyroid (®) –Patient Version

Imininingwane Ejwayelekile Mayelana Nomdlavuza We-Parathyroid

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Umdlavuza weParathyroid yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akhiwa khona ezicutshini zendlala ye-parathyroid.
  • Ukuba nezinkinga ezithile ezizuzwe njengefa kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza we-parathyroid.
  • Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza we-parathyroid zifaka ubuthakathaka, ukuzwa ukhathele, nesigaxa entanyeni.
  • Ukuhlolwa okuhlola intamo negazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuthola umdlavuza we-parathyroid.
  • Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Umdlavuza weParathyroid yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akhiwa khona ezicutshini zendlala ye-parathyroid.

Izindlala ze-parathyroid ziyizitho ezine ezisayizi wepea ezitholakala entanyeni eduze kwendlala yegilo. Izindlala ze-parathyroid zenza i-parathyroid hormone (i-PTH noma i-parathormone). I-PTH isiza umzimba ukusebenzisa nokugcina i-calcium ukugcina i-calcium esegazini emazingeni ajwayelekile.

I-anatomy ye-thyroid kanye nezindlala ze-parathyroid. Indlala yegilo ilele ngaphansi komphimbo eduze koqhoqhoqho. Yakheke njengovemvane, ne-lobe yangakwesokudla ne-lobe yesobunxele exhunywe ngocezu oluncane lomzimba olubizwa ngokuthi i-isthmus. Izindlala ze-parathyroid ziyizitho ezine ezisayizi wepea ezitholakala entanyeni eduze kwendlala yegilo. Izindlala ze-thyroid ne-parathyroid zenza ama-hormone.

Indlala ye-parathyroid ingahle isebenze ngokweqile futhi yenze i-PTH eningi kakhulu, isimo esibizwa nge-hyperparathyroidism. I-Hyperparathyroidism ingenzeka lapho isimila esibi (esingeyona umdlavuza), esibizwa ngokuthi i-adenoma, sakha kolunye lwezindlala ze-parathyroid, futhi sisenze sikhule futhi sisebenze ngokweqile. Kwesinye isikhathi i-hyperparathyroidism ingadalwa ngumdlavuza we-parathyroid, kepha lokhu akuvamile.

Izimbangela ze-PTH ezingeziwe:

  • I-calcium egcinwe emathanjeni ukuhambisa egazini.
  • Amathumbu amunca i-calcium eningi ekudleni esikudlayo.

Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini).

I-hypercalcemia ebangelwa yi-hyperparathyroidism inkulu kakhulu futhi isongela impilo kunomdlavuza we-parathyroid uqobo nokwelapha i-hypercalcemia kubaluleke njengokulapha umdlavuza.

Ukuba nezinkinga ezithile ezizuzwe njengefa kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Noma yini enyusa amathuba okuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza we-parathyroid zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka okungajwayelekile okulandelayo okuzuzwe njengefa (okudluliselwa kusuka kumzali kuye enganeni):

  • I-hyperparathyroidism ejwayelekile ehlukanisiwe (FIHP).
  • Izinhlobo eziningi ze-endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelapha ngemisebe kungakhuphula ubungozi bokudala i-parathyroid adenoma.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza we-parathyroid zifaka ubuthakathaka, ukuzwa ukhathele, nesigaxa entanyeni.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza eziningi zibangelwa yi-hypercalcemia ekhulayo. Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hypercalcemia zifaka okulandelayo:

  • Ubuthakathaka.
  • Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu.
  • Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
  • Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla.
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
  • Ukoma kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
  • Kuchama kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
  • Ukuqunjelwa.
  • Unenkinga yokucabanga kahle.

Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza we-parathyroid zifaka okulandelayo:

  • Ubuhlungu esiswini, ohlangothini, noma emuva abupheli.
  • Ubuhlungu emathanjeni.
  • Ithambo eliphukile.
  • Isigaxa entanyeni.
  • Shintsha kuzwi njengokuhhahazela.
  • Inkinga yokugwinya.

Ezinye izimo zingadala izimpawu nezimpawu ezifanayo njengomdlavuza we-parathyroid. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola intamo negazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuthola umdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Lapho nje sekuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi kutholakala ukuthi yi-hyperparathyroidism, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungenziwa ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile. Kwesinye isikhathi izindlala ze-parathyroid kunzima ukuzithola futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuthola ukuthi zikuphi ngqo.

Umdlavuza we-parathyroid ungaba nzima ukuwuthola ngoba amaseli we-benign parathyroid adenoma kanye nomdlavuza omubi we-parathyroid ubukeka ngokufana. Izimpawu zesiguli, amazinga egazi e-calcium ne-hormone ye-parathyroid, nezimpawu zesimila nakho kuyasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

  • Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
  • Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inqubo lapho kuhlolwe khona isampula segazi ukukala inani lezinto ezithile ezikhishwe egazini ngezitho nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingavamile (eliphakeme noma eliphansi kunokujwayelekile) lezinto kungaba uphawu lwesifo. Ukuthola umdlavuza we-parathyroid, isampula yegazi ihlolwe izinga layo le-calcium.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-hormone ye-Parathyroid: Inqubo lapho kuhlolwe khona isampula segazi ukukala inani le-hormone ye-parathyroid ekhishwe egazini yizindlala ze-parathyroid. Inani eliphakeme kunejwayelekile le-hormone ye-parathyroid kungaba uphawu lwesifo.
  • Ukuskena kweSestamibi: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan olusetshenziselwe ukuthola indlala engasebenzi ngokweqile ye-parathyroid. Inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezinemisebe ebizwa nge-technetium 99 lijovwa emthanjeni futhi lihambe lingene egazini liye endlaleni ye-parathyroid. Into ekhipha imisebe eqoqayo iyoqoqeka endlaleni engasebenzi ngokweqile bese ikhanya ngokukhanyayo kukhamera ekhethekile ethola ukusebenza kwe-radioactivity.
  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.
Iskena sekhompiyutha (CT) sekhanda nentamo. Isiguli silele etafuleni elishibilika ngesithwebuli se-CT, esithatha izithombe ze-x-ray ezingaphakathi kwekhanda nentamo.
  • Iskena se-SPECT (i-single photon emission computed tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana amabi esigaxa entanyeni. Inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe efakwa emthanjeni noma lihogelwe ngamakhala. Njengoba into ihamba egazini, ikhamera ijikeleza umzimba wonke futhi ithathe izithombe zentamo. Ikhompiyutha isebenzisa izithombe ukwenza umfanekiso wentamo-ntathu (3-D). Kuzoba nokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi nomsebenzi omningi ezindaweni lapho kukhula amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lezi zindawo zizokhanya ngokugqamile esithombeni.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound: Inqubo lapho amaza omsindo wamandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) ehlaselwa izicubu zangaphakathi noma izitho bese enza ama-echoes. Ama-echoes akha isithombe sezicubu zomzimba esibizwa nge-sonogram.
  • I-Angiogram: Inqubo yokubheka imithambo yegazi nokuhamba kwegazi. Idayi ehlukile ifakwa emthanjeni wegazi. Njengoba udayi wokuqhathanisa uhamba phakathi kwesitsha segazi, ama-x-ray ayathathwa ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvinjelwa.
  • Isampula eyi- venous: Inqubo lapho kuthathwa khona isampula segazi emithanjeni ethile lihlolwe ukukala inani lezinto ezithile ezikhishelwe egazini izitho nezicubu eziseduze. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungakhombisi ukuthi iyiphi i-parathyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile, amasampula egazi angathathwa emithanjeni eseduze nendlala ngayinye ye-parathyroid ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi eyenza i-PTH eningi kakhulu.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

  • Ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lingalawulwa yini.
  • Isigaba somdlavuza.
  • Ukuthi isimila kanye ne-capsule ezungeze isimila kungasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
  • Impilo ejwayelekile yesiguli.

Izigaba zeCarathyroid Cancer

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza we-parathyroid, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asenabele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Ayikho inqubo ejwayelekile yokubeka umdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza we-parathyroid, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asenabele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Inqubo esetshenzisiwe ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ibizwa ngokuthi yi-staging. Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usabalalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengamaphaphu, isibindi, ithambo, inhliziyo, amanyikwe, noma ama-lymph node

  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.
Iskena sekhompiyutha (CT) sekhanda nentamo. Isiguli silele etafuleni elishibilika ngesithwebuli se-CT, esithatha izithombe ze-x-ray ezingaphakathi kwekhanda nentamo.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.
  • Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

  • Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza we-parathyroid usakazeka uye emaphashini, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asephashini empeleni angamaseli omdlavuza we-parathyroid. Lesi sifo umdlavuza we-parasta we-metastatic, hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ayikho inqubo ejwayelekile yokubeka umdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Umdlavuza weParathyroid uchazwa njengowendawo noma we-metastatic:

  • Umdlavuza we-parathyroid owenziwe endaweni utholakala kwindlala ye-parathyroid futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usabalalele ezicutshini eziseduze.
  • Umdlavuza we-metastatic parathyroid usabalalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu, isibindi, ithambo, isikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo, amanyikwe, noma ama-lymph node.

Umdlavuza Ophindaphindiwe We-Parathyroid

Umdlavuza ophindaphindiwe wumdlavuza obuye wabuya (ubuye) ngemuva kokuba welashwe. Iziguli ezingaphezu kwesigamu ziphindelela. Umdlavuza we-parathyroid uvame ukubuyela emuva phakathi kweminyaka eyi-2 nengu-5 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuqala, kepha ungaphinda ufike eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva. Imvamisa ibuya kwizicubu noma ama-lymph node entanyeni. Izinga eliphakeme le-calcium egazini elivela ngemuva kokwelashwa kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuphindeka.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-parathyroid.
  • Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwe-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini) ezigulini ezinendlala engasebenzi ngokweqile ye-parathyroid.
  • Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:
  • Ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
  • Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo
  • Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.
  • Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-parathyroid kungadala imiphumela emibi.
  • Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
  • Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinomdlavuza we-parathyroid. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha iziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zomtholampilo zikhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwe-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini) ezigulini ezinendlala engasebenzi ngokweqile ye-parathyroid. Ukuze kuncishiswe inani lama-hormone e-parathyroid enziwa nokulawula izinga le-calcium egazini, kukhishwa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka lapho sihlinzwa. Ezigulini ezingakwazi ukuhlinzwa, umuthi ungasetshenziswa.

Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa (ukususa umdlavuza lapho uhlinzwa) ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu komdlavuza we-parathyroid osezindlala ze-parathyroid noma osakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-parathyroid ukhula kancane, umdlavuza osudlulele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ungasuswa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze welaphe isiguli noma ulawule imiphumela yesifo isikhathi eside. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kunikezwa ukwelashwa ukulawula i-hypercalcemia.

Izinqubo ezilandelayo zokuhlinza zingasetshenziswa:

  • En bloc resection: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa yonke indlala ye-parathyroid kanye ne-capsule ezungeze yona. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-lymph node, uhhafu wendlala yegilo ohlangothini olufanayo lomzimba njengomdlavuza, nezicubu, izicubu, kanye nomsipha entanyeni nakho kuyasuswa.
  • I-tumor debulking: Inqubo yokuhlinza lapho kukhishwa khona isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinye izimila azikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele.
  • I-Metastasectomy: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa noma yimuphi umdlavuza osabalalele ezithweni ezikude njengamaphaphu.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-parathyroid kwesinye isikhathi kulimaza izinzwa zezintambo zezwi. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezizosiza ezinkingeni zokukhuluma ezibangelwa ukulimala kwemizwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.
  • Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle yegundane lekhanda nentamo. Kusetshenziswa umshini ukukhomba imisebe ephezulu yamandla emdlavuza. Umshini ungazungeza isiguli, uhambise imisebe evela ezinhlangothini eziningi ezahlukahlukene ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa okufana kakhulu. Isifihla mesh sisiza ukugcina ikhanda nentamo yesiguli kunganyakazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Omaki abancane bakayinki bafakwa kumaskhi. Amaki oyinki asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umshini wemisebe endaweni efanayo ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye.

Indlela okunikezwa ngayo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo ku-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo

Ukunakekelwa kokusekelwa kunikezwa ukunciphisa izinkinga ezibangelwa yisifo noma ukwelashwa kwaso. Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kwe-hypercalcemia okubangelwa umdlavuza we-parathyroid kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Uketshezi olufakwa ngaphakathi (IV).
  • Izidakamizwa ezandisa ukuthi umzimba wenziwa ngumchamo ongakanani.
  • Izidakamizwa ezivimba umzimba ukuthi ungamunci i-calcium ekudleni esikudlayo.
  • Izidakamizwa ezivimba indlala ye-parathyroid ekwenzeni i-hormone ye-parathyroid.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-parathyroid kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Umdlavuza weParathyroid uvame ukubuyela emuva. Iziguli kufanele zihlolwe njalo impilo yazo yonke, ukuze zithole futhi zilaphe ukuphindaphinda ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izinketho Zokwelapha I-Parathyroid Cancer

Kulesi Sigaba

  • Umdlavuza WaseParathyroid Wendawo
  • I-Metastatic Parathyroid Cancer
  • Umdlavuza Ophindaphindiwe We-Parathyroid

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Umdlavuza WaseParathyroid Wendawo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wasendaweni ophethwe yi-parathyroid kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (en bloc resection).
  • Ukuhlinzwa kulandelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukunakekelwa okusekela ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini).

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

I-Metastatic Parathyroid Cancer

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-metastatic parathyroid kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-metastasectomy) ukususa umdlavuza ezindaweni lapho usakaze khona.
  • Ukuhlinzwa kulandelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
  • Ukunakekelwa okusekela ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini).

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Umdlavuza Ophindaphindiwe We-Parathyroid

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ophindaphindiwe we-parathyroid kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-metastasectomy) ukususa umdlavuza ezindaweni lapho uphinde wabuya khona.
  • Ukuhlinzwa (i-tumor debulking).
  • Ukuhlinzwa kulandelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
  • Ukunakekelwa okusekela ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini).

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi Ngomdlavuza weParathyroid

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi oluvela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana nomdlavuza we-parathyroid, bheka ikhasi lasekhaya le-Parathyroid Cancer.

Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:

  • Mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Isiteji
  • I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
  • Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza
  • Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza
  • Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli


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