Izinhlobo / mesothelioma / isiguli / ingane-mesothelioma-ukwelashwa-pdq

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Ukwelashwa kwe-Mesothelioma Childhood (®) –Patient Version

Imininingwane ejwayelekile Mayelana ne-Childhood Mesothelioma

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • I-Mesothelioma yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu ezihlanganisa izitho esifubeni noma esiswini.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe kukhulisa ubungozi be-mesothelioma yobuntwana.
  • Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-mesothelioma zifaka phakathi inkinga yokuphefumula nobuhlungu esifubeni noma esiswini.
  • Izivivinyo ezihlola isifuba, isisu, nenhliziyo zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga i-mesothelioma.
  • Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama).

I-Mesothelioma yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu ezihlanganisa izitho esifubeni noma esiswini.

I-mesothelioma ebulalayo yisifo lapho kutholakala khona amaseli amabi (umdlavuza) kokukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:

  • I-Pleura: Ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu olumboza umgodi wesifuba futhi lumboze amaphaphu.
  • I-Peritoneum: Ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu olumisa isisu futhi lumboze iningi lezitho esiswini.
  • I-Pericardium: ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu ezizungeze inhliziyo.

Izimila zivame ukusabalala ebusweni bezitho ngaphandle kokusakazeka esithweni. Zingasakazeka kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-mesothelioma ebulalayo nayo ingakha emasendeni, kepha lokhu akuvamile.

Amafomu e-mesothelioma amabi esendweni elincanyana lezicubu ezihlanganisa amaphaphu, udonga lwesifuba, isisu, inhliziyo, noma amasende.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe kukhulisa ubungozi be-mesothelioma yobuntwana.

Noma yini eyandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba sengcupheni.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wangaphambili, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kwandisa ubungozi be-mesothelioma ezinganeni.

Kubantu abadala, i-mesothelioma ixhunyaniswe ngokuqinile nokuvezwa ku-asbestos, okusetshenziswe ezimbonini zokwakha nezindwangu. Ezinganeni, kunolwazi oluncane ngengozi yokuthuthukisa i-mesothelioma ngemuva kokuvezwa ku-asbestos.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-mesothelioma zifaka phakathi inkinga yokuphefumula nobuhlungu esifubeni noma esiswini.

Ezinganeni, lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zingabangelwa yi-mesothelioma noma ezinye izimo.

Buza kudokotela wengane yakho uma ingane yakho inokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ukuphefumula kanzima.
  • Khwehlela ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
  • Ubuhlungu ngaphansi kwezimbambo noma ubuhlungu esifubeni nasesiswini.
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
  • Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu.

Izivivinyo ezihlola isifuba, isisu, nenhliziyo zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga i-mesothelioma.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

  • Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando wezempilo: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
  • I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yezitho namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-x-ray uhlobo lwesigongolo samandla esingangena emzimbeni nasefilimini, lwenze isithombe sezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.
  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.
  • I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana abulalayo omzimba emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.
Ukuskena kwePositron emission tomography (PET). Ingane ilele phezu kwetafula elishibilika ngesithwebuli se-PET. Ukuphumula kwekhanda nomucu omhlophe kusiza ingane ukuba ilele inganyakazi. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni wengane, futhi isithwebuli senza isithombe sokuthi i-glucose isetshenziswa kuphi emzimbeni. Amaseli womdlavuza avela ngokugqamile esithombeni ngoba athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).
  • Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary (PFT): Isivivinyo sokubona ukuthi amaphaphu asebenza kanjani. Kukala ukuthi amaphaphu angabamba umoya ongakanani nokuthi umoya ungene ngokushesha nangakanani emaphashini. Futhi ilinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen esetshenziswayo nokuthi ingakanani ikhabhoni dayoksayidi ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu.
  • I-Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ukususwa kwezicubu noma uketshezi kusetshenziswa inaliti ezacile. Isazi sezifo sibheka izicubu noma uketshezi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
  • I-Thoracoscopy: Inqubo yokuhlinza ukubheka izitho ngaphakathi kwesifuba ukubheka izindawo ezingezona ezejwayelekile . Kusikwa (ukusika) phakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili bese kufakwa i-thoracoscope esifubeni. I-thoracoscope iyinsimbi encane, efana nethubhu enokukhanya nelensi yokubuka. Kungaba futhi nethuluzi lokususa amasampula wezicubu noma ama-lymph node, ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukususa ingxenye yomphimbo noma amaphaphu.
  • I-Bronchoscopy: Inqubo yokubheka ngaphakathi kwe-trachea nemigwaqo emikhulu yomoya emaphashini yezindawo ezingavamile. I-bronchoscope ifakwa ngamakhala noma emlonyeni ku-trachea nasemaphashini. I-bronchoscope iyinsimbi encane, efana nethubhu enokukhanya nelensi yokubuka. Kungaba futhi nethuluzi lokususa amasampula wezicubu, ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza.
  • I-Laparoscopy: Inqubo yokuhlinza ukubheka izitho ezingaphakathi esiswini ukubheka izindawo ezingajwayelekile. Ukusikeka okuncane (ukusikeka) kwenziwa odongeni lwesisu bese kufakwa i-laparoscope (ithubhu elincane, elikhanyisiwe) kokunye okusikiwe. Ezinye izinsimbi zingafakwa ngendlela efanayo noma enye indlela yokwenza izinqubo ezifana nokususa izitho noma ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu ukuze zihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza.
  • Ukuhlolwa kweCytologic: Ukuhlolwa kwamaseli angaphansi kwesibonakhulu (ngudokotela wezifo) ukubheka noma yini engajwayelekile. Nge-mesothelioma, uketshezi luthathwa emaphashini noma esiswini. Udokotela wezifo uhlola amangqamuzana kuloluketshezi.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama).

Isibikezelo sincike ekutheni umdlavuza:

  • isakazeke kulo lonke ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu noma ezithweni.
  • usanda kutholakala noma usephindile (wabuya).

I-Mesothelioma ivame ukukhula kancane, futhi ukusinda isikhathi eside kuvamile.

Izigaba ze-Mesothelioma yobuntwana

Inqubo esetshenzisiwe ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini ukusuka lapho uqale khona ibizwa ngokuthi yi-staging. Ebuntwaneni mesothelioma, umdlavuza ungasakazekela kuma-lymph node aseduze noma akude. Alukho uhlelo olujwayelekile lokubeka i-mesothelioma yobuntwana. Imiphumela yezivivinyo nezinqubo ezenziwe ukuthola i-mesothelioma zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi ubuntwana mesothelioma buyabuya (buyela emuva) ngemuva kokuphathwa.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

  • Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ezinganeni ezine-mesothelioma.
  • Izingane ezine-mesothelioma kufanele zihlelelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezingane.
  • Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa zisetshenzisiwe:
  • Ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
  • Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.
  • Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma yobuntwana kungadala imiphumela emibi.
  • Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
  • Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ezinganeni ezine-mesothelioma.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Ngoba umdlavuza ezinganeni uyivelakancane, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kufanele kubhekwe. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Izingane ezine-mesothelioma kufanele zihlelelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezingane.

Ukwelashwa kuzobhekwa ngudokotela wezingane oncologist, udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza. Udokotela we-oncologist usebenza nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yezingane abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza futhi abagxile ezindaweni ezithile zemithi. Lokhu kungafaka ongoti abalandelayo nabanye:

  • Udokotela wezingane.
  • Udokotela ohlinzayo wezingane.
  • I-radiation oncologist.
  • Udokotela wezifo zengqondo.
  • Umhlengikazi ongumhlengikazi.
  • Usonhlala kahle.
  • Uchwepheshe wokuvuselelwa.
  • Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.
  • Ingcweti kwezempilo yengane.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-mesothelioma yobuntwana.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy).

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke endaweni yomzimba enomdlavuza.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe uhlobo lokwelashwa olusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zivame ukudala ukulimala okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile kunokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuyafundwa ekwelapheni i-mesothelioma yobuntwana ebuye yabuya (buyela emuva).

Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma yobuntwana kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela emibi eqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza eqala ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi iqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka ibizwa ngemiphumela ephuzile. Imiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza ingafaka:

  • Izinkinga zomzimba.
  • Izinguquko zemizwa, imizwa, ukucabanga, ukufunda, noma inkumbulo.
  • Umdlavuza wesibili (izinhlobo ezintsha zomdlavuza) noma ezinye izimo.

Eminye imiphumela yesikhashana ingalashwa noma ilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela bengane yakho ngemiphumela engaba khona sekwephuzile ebangelwe ukwelashwa okuthile.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sengane yakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Childhood Mesothelioma

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma esanda kutholakala ezinganeni kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye yesifuba esifakwe umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.
  • Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
  • Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, njengokwelashwa okunciphisayo, ukudambisa izinhlungu nokwenza ngcono impilo.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukwelashwa KweMesothelioma Yasebuntwaneni Ephindaphindayo

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma ephindaphindiwe ezinganeni kungafaka okulandelayo:

  • Isivivinyo somtholampilo esihlola isampula lesimila sesiguli ukuthola izinguquko ezithile zofuzo. Uhlobo lokwelashwa okuqondisiwe oluzonikezwa isiguli kuncike ohlotsheni lokushintsha kofuzo.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukufunda Okwengeziwe NgeMesothelioma Yobuntwana

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu evela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana ne-mesothelioma yobuntwana, bheka okulandelayo:

  • Ikhasi Lasekhaya Le-Malignant Mesothelioma
  • I-Computed Tomography (CT) Iskena Nomdlavuza
  • Izindlela Zokwelapha Zomdlavuza

Ngemininingwane eminingi yomdlavuza wezingane nezinye izinsiza zomdlavuza ezijwayelekile, bheka okulandelayo:

  • Mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Umdlavuza Wezingane
  • I-CureSearch ye-Cancer YezinganePhuma Ukuzikhulula
  • Imiphumela Emuva Yokwelapha Yomdlavuza Wezingane
  • Intsha kanye nabantu abadala abancane abaneCancer
  • Izingane Ezinomdlavuza: Umhlahlandlela Wabazali
  • Umdlavuza Ezinganeni Nasebusheni
  • Isiteji
  • Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza
  • Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza
  • Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli


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