Izinhlobo / ikhanda-nentamo / isiguli / umuntu omdala / ukwelashwa ngomlomo-ngomlomo-pdq

I-Lip ne-Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (Adult) Inguqulo

Imininingwane Ejwayelekile Mayelana Nomdlavuza Wezindebe Nomlomo

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo yisifo lapho amangqamuzana amabi (umdlavuza) akha khona ezindebeni noma emlonyeni.

• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi notshwala kungaphazamisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo nezindebe zomlomo.

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo nomlomo zifaka phakathi isilonda noma isigaxa ezindebeni noma emlonyeni.

• Ukuhlolwa okuhlola umlomo nomphimbo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola), ukuxilonga, kanye nomdlavuza wezindebe nomlomo womlomo.

• Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo yisifo lapho amangqamuzana amabi (umdlavuza) akha khona ezindebeni noma emlonyeni.

Umlomo womlomo uhlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Ingaphambili izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zolimi.

• Ama-gingiva (izinsini).

• I-buccal mucosa (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwezihlathi).

• Iphansi (ngezansi) lomlomo ngaphansi kolimi.

• Ulwanga oluqinile (uphahla lomlomo).

• I-trigone ye-retromolar (indawo encane engemva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha).

I-anatomy yomlomo womlomo. Umlomo womlomo uhlanganisa izindebe, ulwanga oluqinile (ingxenye engaphambili yamathambo ophahleni lomlomo), ulwanga oluthambile (ingxenye engemuva yemisipha yophahla lomlomo), i-retromolar trigone (indawo engemva kwamazinyo obuhlakani), ngaphambili okubili -intathu yolimi, i-gingiva (izinsini), i-buccal mucosa (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwezindebe nezihlathi), naphansi komlomo ngaphansi kolimi.

Umdlavuza omningi wezindebe zomlomo uqala ngomangqamuzana omubi, amangqamuzana amancane, ayizicaba angena ngaphakathi kwezindebe nomlomo womlomo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-squamous cell carcinomas. Amaseli womdlavuza angasakazeka abe izicubu ezijulile njengoba umdlavuza ukhula. I-squamous cell carcinoma ivame ukuvela ezindaweni ze-leukoplakia (amabala amhlophe amaseli angahlikihli).

Umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nowomlomo uhlobo lomdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi notshwala kungaphazamisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo nezindebe zomlomo.

Noma yini enyusa ubungozi bokuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba sengozini. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza womlomo nezomlomo zifaka okulandelayo:

• Usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.

• Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala.

• Ukuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo noma ukukhanya kwelanga okufakelwayo (njengokuvela emibhedeni yokushuka) isikhathi eside.

• Ukuba owesilisa.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo nomlomo zifaka phakathi isilonda noma isigaxa ezindebeni noma emlonyeni.

Lezi kanye nezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zingabangelwa umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo noma ezinye izimo. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Isilonda esisemlonyeni noma emlonyeni esingapholi.

• Isigaxa noma ukuqina ezindebeni noma ezinsinini noma emlonyeni.

• Isiqephu esimhlophe noma esibomvu ezinsinini, olimini noma kulayini womlomo.

• Ukopha, ubuhlungu, noma ukuba ndikindiki emlonyeni noma emlonyeni.

• Shintsha ngezwi.

• Misa amazinyo noma amazinyo okufakelwa angasahambi kahle.

• Inkinga yokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya noma ukuhambisa ulimi noma umhlathi.

• Ukuvuvukala komhlathi.

• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukuzwa ukuthi kukhona okubanjiwe emphinjeni.

Umdlavuza womlomo nomlomo kungenzeka ungabi nazimpawu futhi kwesinye isikhathi utholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola umlomo nomphimbo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola), ukuxilonga, kanye nomdlavuza wezindebe nomlomo womlomo.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba nezindebe zomlomo: Isivivinyo sokuhlola izindebe nomgodi womlomo ezindaweni ezingavamile. Udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo uzokuzwa konke okungaphakathi komlomo ngomunwe ofakwe igilavu ​​bese ehlola umgodi womlomo ngesibuko esincane esiphatha isikhathi eside namalambu. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukuhlola ingaphakathi lezihlathi nezindebe; izinsini; uphahla nendawo yomlomo; nengaphezulu, phansi, nezinhlangothi zolimi. Intamo izozwakala ngama-lymph node avuvukile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula kwangaphambilini nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha nokwamazinyo.

• I-Endoscopy: Inqubo yokubheka izitho nezicubu ngaphakathi komzimba ukubheka izindawo ezingajwayelekile. I-endoscope ifakwa ngokusika (ukusika) esikhunjeni noma ekuvulekeni emzimbeni, njengomlomo. I-endoscope iyinsimbi encane, efana nethubhu enokukhanya nelensi yokubuka. Kungaba futhi nethuluzi lokususa amasampula wezicubu noma ama-lymph node, ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zesifo.

• I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngudokotela wezifo. Uma kutholakala i-leukoplakia, amaseli athathwe emachashazini abuye ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza.

• I-cytology exfoliative: Inqubo yokuqoqa amaseli emlonyeni noma emlonyeni womlomo. Ucezu lukakotini, ibhulashi, noma induku encane yokhuni kusetshenziselwa ukukhuhla ngobumnene amaseli asezindebeni, olimini, emlonyeni noma emphinjeni. Amaseli abhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola ukuthi awajwayelekile yini.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computerized tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.

Iskena sekhompiyutha (CT) sekhanda nentamo. Isiguli silele etafuleni elishibilika ngesithwebuli se-CT, esithatha izithombe ze-x-ray ezingaphakathi kwekhanda nentamo.

• Ukugwinya kwe-Barium: Uchungechunge lwama-x-ray we-esophagus nesisu. Isiguli siphuza uketshezi oluqukethe i-barium (insimbi eyinsimbi emhlophe). Izingubo eziwuketshezi i-esophagus nama-x-ray ziyathathwa. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi uchungechunge oluphezulu lwe-GI.

• I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scan): Inqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana abulalayo omzimba emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile.

• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Inqubo yokubheka ukuthi kunamaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha yini, njengamaseli womdlavuza, ethanjeni. Inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezinomsakazo lifakwa emthanjeni futhi lihambe phakathi kwegazi. Izinto ezinemisebe eqoqa emathanjeni ezinomdlavuza futhi zitholwa isithwebuli.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kuncike kokulandelayo:

• Isigaba somdlavuza.

• Lapho isimila sisendebeni yomlomo noma yomlomo.

• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalalise nemithambo yegazi.

Ezigulini ezibhemayo, ithuba lokululama lingcono uma ziyeka ukubhema ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

• Isigaba somdlavuza.

• Usayizi wesimila nokuthi ukuphi emlonyeni noma emlonyeni womlomo.

• Ukuthi ukubukeka kwesiguli namandla okukhuluma nokudla kungahlala kunjalo.

• Iminyaka yesiguli nempilo ejwayelekile.

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo nezomlomo zinengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza wesibili ekhanda noma entanyeni. Ukulandelwa njalo nangokucophelela kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingama-retinoid ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibili wentamo nentamo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okuqhubekayo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wezindebe zomlomo nezomlomo

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nowomlomo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalale ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lomlomo nolomlomo noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo:

• Isigaba 0 (I-Carcinoma eSitu)

• Isiteji I

• Isigaba II

• Isigaba III

• Isigaba IV

Ngemuva kokutholakala komdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nowomlomo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalale ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lomlomo nolomlomo noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Inqubo esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lomlomo nangomlomo noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ibizwa nge-staging. Imininingwane eqoqwe kusuka kusistimu yesiteji inquma isigaba sesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi isigaba ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa. Imiphumela yezivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nowomlomo nayo isetshenziselwa ukufaka lesi sifo. (Bheka isigaba semininingwane ejwayelekile.)

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza wezindebe usakazeka uye emaphashini, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asephashini empeleni angamaseli omdlavuza wezindebe. Lesi sifo umdlavuza wezindebe we-metastatic, hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo:

Isigaba 0 (I-Carcinoma eSitu)

Esigabeni 0, kutholakala amaseli angajwayelekile kulwelwesi lwezindebe nasemgodini womlomo. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile angaba ngumdlavuza futhi asabalale abe izicubu ezijwayelekile eziseduze. Isigaba 0 sibizwa nangokuthi i-carcinoma in situ.

Osayizi bezicubu bavame ukulinganiswa ngamasentimitha (cm) noma amasentimitha. Izinto zokudla ezijwayelekile ezingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa usayizi wesimila ngo-cm zifaka: ipea (1 cm), iphenathi (2 cm), umvini (3 cm), i-walnut (4 cm), umcako (5 cm noma 2) amasentimitha), iqanda (6 cm), ipentshisi (7 cm), ne-grapefruit (10 cm noma 4 inches).

Isiteji I

Esigabeni I, umdlavuza wakhekile. Isimila singamasentimitha ama-2 noma sincane kanti iphuzu elijulile lokuhlasela kwesimila ngamamilimitha ama-5 noma ngaphansi.

Osayizi bezicubu bavame ukulinganiswa ngamamilimitha (mm) noma amasentimitha. Izinto ezijwayelekile ezingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa usayizi wesimila ku-mm zifaka: ipensela ebukhali (1 mm), iphoyinti elisha lekhrayoni (2 mm), i-eraser ephezulu-ipensela (5 mm), ipea (10 mm), iphenathi (20 mm), kanye ne-lime (50 mm).

Isigaba II

Esigabeni II, isimila:

• ngamasentimitha ama-2 noma amancane kanti indawo ejulile yokuhlasela kwesimila ingaphezu kwamamilimitha ayisi-5; noma

• inkulu kunamasentimitha ama-2 kepha ayinkulu kunamasentimitha ama-4 kanti iphuzu elijule kakhulu lokuhlasela kwesimila ngamamilimitha ayi-10 noma ngaphansi.

Isigaba III

Esigabeni III, isimila:

• inkulu kunamasentimitha ama-2 kepha ayinkulu kunamasentimitha ama-4 kanti iphuzu elijule kakhulu lokuhlasela kwesimila likhulu kunamamilimitha ayi-10; noma

• likhulu kunamasentimitha ama-4 kanti iphuzu elijule kakhulu lokuhlasela kwesimila ngamamilimitha ayi-10 noma ngaphansi; noma

• isabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa engamasentimitha ama-3 noma amancane, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala.

Isigaba IV

Isigaba IV sihlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-IVA, IVB, ne-IVC.

• Esigabeni IVA, isimila:

• likhulu kunamasentimitha ama-4 kanti iphuzu elijulile lokuhlasela kwesimila likhulu kunamamilimitha ayi-10; noma umdlavuza usabalele engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlathi ongaphezulu noma ongezansi, esonweni i-maxillary, noma esikhumbeni sobuso. Umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa engamasentimitha ama-3 noma amancane, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala; noma

• noma yimuphi usayizi noma umdlavuza usabalele engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlathi ongaphezulu noma ongezansi, esonweni i-maxillary, noma esikhumbeni sobuso. Umdlavuza usabalale:

• ku-lymph node eyodwa engamasentimitha ama-3 noma amancane, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala, kanti umdlavuza usabalele ekumbozeni kwangaphandle kwe-lymph node ezicutshini eziseduze; noma

• ku-lymph node eyodwa enkulu kunamasentimitha ama-3 kepha hhayi enkulu kunamasentimitha ayi-6, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala; noma

• kuma-lymph node amaningi angadluli amasentimitha ayisithupha, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala; noma

• kuma-lymph node amaningi angadluli kumasentimitha ayi-6, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala noma ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo.

• Esigabeni IVB, isimila:

• isabalale ku-lymph node eyodwa enkulu kunamasentimitha ayisithupha; noma

• selisabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa engaphezulu kwamasentimitha ama-3, ohlangothini olufanayo lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala, kanti umdlavuza usabalele ekumbozeni kwangaphandle kwe-lymph node kwezicubu ezisondelene; noma

• selisabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa yanoma iluphi usayizi kolunye uhlangothi lwentamo njengesimila sokuqala, kanti umdlavuza usabalale ngesembozo sangaphandle se-lymph node sangena ezicutshini ezisondelene; noma

• selisabalalele kuma-lymph node amaningi noma kuphi entanyeni, kanti umdlavuza usabalale ngesembozo sangaphandle sanoma iyiphi i-lymph node yezicubu eziseduze; noma

• selisabalalele lafika emisipheni noma emathanjeni adingekayo ukuhlafuna, noma ingxenye yethambo le-sphenoid ngemuva komhlathi ongaphezulu, kanye / noma emthanjeni we-carotid eduze kwesisekelo sogebhezi. Umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi ubuye usabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yanoma iluphi usayizi, noma kuphi entanyeni.

• Esigabeni IVC, isimila:

• selisabalele ngaphesheya komlomo noma umlomo womlomo kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengephaphu, isibindi noma ithambo.

Umdlavuza Ophindayo Wezindebe Nomlomo Womlomo

Umdlavuza womlomo ojwayelekile wezindebe zomlomo ngumdlavuza obuye wabuya (ubuye) ngemuva kokuba welashwe. Umdlavuza ungabuya udebe noma umlomo noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo.

• Iziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo nezindebe zomlomo kufanele kuhlelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo.

• Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperthermia

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo kungadala imiphumela emibi.

• Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

• Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinomdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo nezindebe zomlomo kufanele kuhlelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu lodokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo.

Ukwelashwa kuzobhekwa ngudokotela oncologist, udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni abantu abanomdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi izindebe nomgodi womlomo kubalulekile ekuphefumuleni, ekudleni nasekukhulumeni, iziguli zingadinga usizo olukhethekile lokuzivumelanisa nemiphumela emibi yomdlavuza nokwelashwa kwawo. Udokotela oncologist angadlulisela isiguli kwabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekwelapheni iziguli ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo wekhanda nentamo.

• I-radiation oncologist.

• Udokotela wamazinyo.

• Umelaphi wenkulumo.

• I-Dietitian.

• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.

• Uchwepheshe wokuvuselelwa.

• Udokotela ohlinzayo wePlastiki.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa (ukususa umdlavuza lapho usebenza) kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha zonke izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo nezomlomo. Ukuhlinzwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukudonswa kwendawo okubanzi: Ukususwa komdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Uma umdlavuza ususabalele emathanjeni, ukuhlinzwa kungafaka ukususwa kwezicubu zethambo ezihilelekile.

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwentamo: Ukususwa kwama-lymph node nezinye izicubu entanyeni. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalale kusuka emlonyeni nasemgodini womlomo.

• Ukuhlinzwa ngepulasitiki: Ukuhlinzwa okubuyisa noma okuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezingxenye zomzimba. Ukufakwa kwamazinyo, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba, noma okunye ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki kungadingeka ukulungisa izingxenye zomlomo, umphimbo, noma intamo ngemuva kokususwa kwezimila ezinkulu.

Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela awususe wonke umdlavuza ongabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ezinye iziguli zinganikezwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ukwelashwa okunikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant therapy.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle yegundane lekhanda nentamo. Kusetshenziswa umshini ukukhomba imisebe ephezulu yamandla emdlavuza. Umshini ungazungeza isiguli, uhambise imisebe evela ezinhlangothini eziningi ezahlukahlukene ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa okufana kakhulu. Isifihla mesh sisiza ukugcina ikhanda nentamo yesiguli kunganyakazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Omaki abancane bakayinki bafakwa kumaskhi. Amaki oyinki asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umshini wemisebe endaweni efanayo ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye.

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.

Indlela okunikezwa ngayo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle neyangaphakathi kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasebenza kangcono ezigulini eziyeke ukubhema ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi iziguli zihlolwe amazinyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuze kulashwe izinkinga ezikhona.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuvimba amaseli ukuthi angahlukani. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo ku-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfraction ukwelashwa ngemisebe lapho umthamo ophelele wemisebe uhlukaniswe waba ngamanani amancane futhi izindlela zokwelashwa zinikezwa ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperthermia

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperthermia ukwelashwa lapho izicubu zomzimba zifudunyezwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ukonakalisa nokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukwenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza azwele kakhulu emiphumeleni yemisebe kanye nemithi ethile elwa nomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nomlomo kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Izinketho Zokwelapha ngeStage

Kulesi Sigaba

• Isigaba I Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

• Isigaba II Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

• Isigaba III Lip kanye Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

• Isigaba IV Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Isigaba I Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesigaba I nezindebe zomlomo kuncike lapho umdlavuza utholakala khona emgodini wezindebe nomlomo.

Umlomo

Uma umdlavuza usezindebeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi).

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa kwemisebe.

Ngaphambili kolimi

Uma umdlavuza uphambi kolimi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi).

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa kwemisebe.

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kuma-lymph node entanyeni.

I-Buccal mucosa

Uma umdlavuza uku-mucosa we-buccal (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi kwezihlathi), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kwamathumba amancane kuno-1 sentimitha, noma ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi ngokuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba) noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yamathumba amakhulu.

Iphansi lomlomo

Uma umdlavuza uphansi (ezansi) emlonyeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kwamathumba amancane kune-½ sentimitha.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa okubanzi kwendawo) noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yezicubu ezinkulu.

I-gingiva engezansi

Uma umdlavuza uku-gingiva (izinsini) engezansi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi, okungabandakanya ukususa ingxenye yomhlathi, nokuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba).

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuhlinzwa noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

I-trigone ye-Retromolar

Uma umdlavuza uku-trigone ye-retromolar (indawo encane engemva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi, okungabandakanya ukususa ingxenye yomhlathi.)

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuhlinzwa noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

Igingiva engenhla noma ulwanga oluqinile

Uma umdlavuza usegingiva ephezulu (izinsini) noma ulwanga oluqinile (uphahla lomlomo), ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Isigaba II Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesigaba II womlomo nomlomo kuncike ekutheni umdlavuza utholakalaphi emlonyeni nasemlonyeni womlomo.

Umlomo

Uma umdlavuza usezindebeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi).

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphakathi.

Ngaphambili kolimi

Uma umdlavuza uphambi kolimi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye / noma ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi).

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphakathi ngokuhlinzwa (ukuhlukaniswa kwentamo).

I-Buccal mucosa

Uma umdlavuza uku-mucosa we-buccal (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi kwezihlathi), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yamathumba angamasentimitha ama-3 noma amancane.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yamathumba amakhulu.

Iphansi lomlomo

Uma umdlavuza uphansi (ezansi) emlonyeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi).

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa okubanzi kwendawo) kulandelwe ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle, noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelapha ngemisebe, ngezimila ezinkulu.

I-gingiva engezansi

Uma umdlavuza uku-gingiva (izinsini) engezansi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi, okungabandakanya ukususa ingxenye yomhlathi, nokuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba).

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe wedwa noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

I-trigone ye-Retromolar

Uma umdlavuza uku-trigone ye-retromolar (indawo encane engemva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi, okubandakanya ukukhipha ingxenye yomhlathi).

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuhlinzwa noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

Igingiva engenhla noma ulwanga oluqinile

Uma umdlavuza usegingiva ephezulu (izinsini) noma ulwanga oluqinile (uphahla lomlomo), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kukodwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Isigaba III Lip kanye Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesigaba III nomlomo womlomo kuncike lapho umdlavuza utholakala khona emlonyeni nasemlonyeni womlomo.

Umlomo

Uma umdlavuza usezindebeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphandle noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Ngaphambili kolimi

Uma umdlavuza uphambi kolimi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kulandelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-Buccal mucosa

Uma umdlavuza uku-mucosa we-buccal (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi kwezihlathi), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Iphansi lomlomo

Uma umdlavuza uphansi (ezansi) emlonyeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi, okungabandakanya ukukhipha ingxenye yomhlathi, ngokuhlukaniswa kwentamo noma ngaphandle kwentambo).

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-gingiva engezansi

Uma umdlavuza uku-gingiva (izinsini) engezansi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe. Imisebe inganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-trigone ye-Retromolar

Uma umdlavuza uku-trigone ye-retromolar (indawo encane engemva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa kususwe isimila, ama-lymph node, nengxenye yomhlathi, noma ngabe kunokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngaphandle kwayo.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Uphezulu gingiva

Uma umdlavuza uku-gingiva ephezulu (izinsini), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Ulwanga oluqinile

Uma umdlavuza usesandleni esiqinile (uphahla lomlomo), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Ama-lymph node

Ngomdlavuza ongahle usabalalele kuma-lymph node, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye / noma ukuhlinzwa (ukuhlukaniswa kwentamo).

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Isigaba IV Lip Nomdlavuza Womlomo Womlomo

Ukwelashwa kwezigaba ze-IVA, IVB, kanye ne-IVC yomdlavuza womlomo nomlomo womlomo kuncike lapho umdlavuza utholakala khona emlonyeni nasemlonyeni womlomo.

Umlomo

Uma umdlavuza usezindebeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphandle noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Ngaphambili kolimi

Uma umdlavuza uphambi kolimi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ulimi kwesinye isikhathi umphimbo (ibhokisi lezwi) noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngaphandle kwayo.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe njengokwelashwa okunciphisayo ukukhulula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-Buccal mucosa

Uma umdlavuza uku-mucosa we-buccal (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi kwezihlathi), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa (ukusikwa kwendawo okubanzi) kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Iphansi lomlomo

Uma umdlavuza uphansi (ezansi) emlonyeni, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-gingiva engezansi

Uma umdlavuza uku-gingiva (izinsini) engezansi, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

I-trigone ye-Retromolar

Uma umdlavuza uku-trigone ye-retromolar (indawo encane engemva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa kususwe isimila, ama-lymph node, nengxenye yomhlathi, kulandelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Igingiva engenhla noma ulwanga oluqinile

Uma umdlavuza usegingiva ephezulu (izinsini) noma ulwanga oluqinile (uphahla lomlomo), ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa nge-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Ama-lymph node

Ngomdlavuza ongahle usabalalele kuma-lymph node, ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye / noma ukuhlinzwa (ukuhlukaniswa kwentamo).

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwemisebe ye-hyperfractionated.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wezindebe Ophindayo kanye Nomlomo Womlomo

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo ophindaphindiwe nomlomo kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlinzwa, uma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwakusetshenziswa ngaphambili.

• Ukuhlinzwa kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, uma ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziswe ngaphambili.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy noma ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelashwa kwe-hyperthermia.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomdlavuza wezindebe zomlomo nezomlomo

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngeNational Cancer Institute mayelana nomdlavuza womlomo wezindebe nowomlomo, bheka okulandelayo

• Ikhasi Lasekhaya Lomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

• I-Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, kanye neLaryngeal Cancer Prevention

• Umlomo we-Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, kanye neLaryngeal Cancer

• Izinkinga zomlomo zeChemotherapy kanye neNhloko / Intamo Yemisebe

• Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

• Ugwayi (uhlanganisa usizo ngokuyeka)

Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:

• Mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Isiteji

• I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza

• Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli