Types/extragonadal-germ-cell/patient/extragonadal-treatment-pdq

I-Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors Treatment Version

Imininingwane ejwayelekile Mayelana Nezicubu Zamangqamuzana Omzimba We-Extragonadal Germ

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Izicubu zamangqamuzana egciwane le-Extragonadal zakhiwa kusuka ekukhuleni kwesidoda noma amaseli amaqanda asuka kuma-gonads aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Ubudala nobulili kungathinta ubungozi bamathumba weseli wegciwane le-extragonadal.

• Izimpawu nezimpawu zezimila zamangqamuzana angaphandle kwe-extragonadal zifaka izinkinga zokuphefumula nobuhlungu besifuba.

• Ukucabanga nokuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuxilonga izicubu zesifo segciwane i-extragonadal.

• Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Izicubu zamangqamuzana egciwane le-Extragonadal zakhiwa kusuka ekukhuleni kwesidoda noma amaseli amaqanda asuka kuma-gonads aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

"I-Extragonadal" isho ngaphandle kwama-gonads (izitho zocansi). Lapho amaseli enzelwe ukwakha isidoda emasendeni noma amaqanda esibelethweni eya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, angahle akhule abe ngamathumba egciwane leseli le-extragonadal. Lezi zicubu zingase ziqale ukukhula noma kuphi emzimbeni kepha imvamisa ziqala ezithweni ezifana ne-pineal gland ebuchosheni, ku-mediastinum (indawo ephakathi kwamaphaphu), noma ku-retroperitoneum (udonga lwangemuva kwesisu).

Izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane i-Extragonadal zakha izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwama-gonads (amasende noma ama-ovari). Lokhu kufaka i-pineal gland ebuchosheni, i-mediastinum (indawo ephakathi kwamaphaphu), ne-retroperitoneum (udonga lwangemuva kwesisu).

Izicubu zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-Extragonadal zingaba nobungozi (zingabi nomdlavuza) noma zibe yingozi (umdlavuza). Izicubu zesifo segciwane i-Benign extragonadal zibizwa ngokuthi ama-benign teratomas. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunezimila zeseli zegciwane le-extragonadal ezinobungozi futhi kaningi kukhulu kakhulu.

Izimbumba zamangqamuzana ezibucayi ze-extragonadal cell zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezimbili, i-nonseminoma ne-seminoma. Ama-nonseminomas ajwayele ukukhula nokusabalala ngokushesha okukhulu kunama-seminomas. Imvamisa iba mikhulu futhi idale izimpawu nezimpawu. Uma zingalashwa, izicubu zesifo segciwane le-extragonadal eziyingozi zingasabalala ziye emaphashini, kuma-lymph node, emathanjeni, esibindini, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngemininingwane mayelana nezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane kuma-ovari nakumasende, bheka izifinyezo ezilandelayo ze-:

• Ukwelashwa Kwe-Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

• Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamasende

Ubudala nobulili kungathinta ubungozi bamathumba weseli wegciwane le-extragonadal. Noma yini eyandisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba sengozini. Izici zobungozi zamangqamuzana amangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal amabi afaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuba owesilisa.

• Ukuba neminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu.

• Ukuba ne-Klinefelter syndrome.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zezimila zamangqamuzana angaphandle kwe-extragonadal zifaka izinkinga zokuphefumula nobuhlungu besifuba.

Izicubu zesifo segciwane elibi esingelona iqiniso zingadala izimpawu nezimpawu njengoba zikhulela ezindaweni eziseduze. Ezinye izimo zingadala izimpawu nezimpawu ezifanayo. Buza nodokotela wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula.

• Khwehlela.

• Imfiva.

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.

• Shintsha imikhuba yamathumbu.

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu.

• Unenkinga yokuhamba.

• Inkinga yokubona noma yokuhambisa amehlo.

Ukucabanga nokuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) nokuxilonga izicubu zesifo segciwane i-extragonadal.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Amasende angahlolwa izigaxa, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yezitho namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-x-ray uhlobo lwesigongolo samandla esingangena emzimbeni nasefilimini, lwenze isithombe sezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• Isivivinyo se-serum tumor marker: Inqubo lapho kuhlolwa khona isampula yegazi ukukala inani lezinto ezithile ezikhishwe egazini ngezitho, izicubu, noma amaseli wesimila emzimbeni. Izinto ezithile zixhunyaniswe nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza lapho zitholakala emazingeni akhuphukile egazini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yizimpawu zesimila. Kusetshenziswa omaka abathathu be-tumor ukuthola i-extragonadal germ cell tumor:

• I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• I-Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

• I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Amazinga egazi ezimaki zesimila asiza ukunquma ukuthi isimila iyi-seminoma noma i-nonseminoma.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inqubo eyenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba, ezithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Izithombe zenziwa yikhompyutha exhunywe kumshini we-x-ray. Idayi ingajovwa emthanjeni noma igwinywe ukusiza izitho noma izicubu zivele kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-computed tomography, i-computer ene-tomography, noma i-computer axial tomography.

Kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa i-CT scan ne-PET scan ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuskena i-PET kuyinqubo yokuthola amangqamuzana amabi esigaxa emzimbeni. Inani elincane le-glucose enemisebe (ushukela) lifakwa emthanjeni. Isithwebuli se-PET sizungeza umzimba futhi senze isithombe lapho i-glucose isetshenziswa khona emzimbeni. Amaseli amathumba amabi abonakala ekhanya esithombeni ngoba ayasebenza futhi athatha i-glucose eningi kunamaseli avamile. Lapho kwenziwa i-PET scan ne-CT scan ngasikhathi sinye, ibizwa nge-PET-CT.

• I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kwamaseli noma izicubu ukuze kubhekwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngudokotela wezifo ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Uhlobo lwe-biopsy olusetshenzisiwe luxhomeke lapho kutholakala khona isimila segciwane le-extragonadal germ.

• I-Biopsy e-Excisional: Ukususwa kwesigaxa sonke sezicubu.

• I-incisional biopsy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yesigaxa noma isampula lezicubu.

• I-Core biopsy: Ukususwa kwezicubu kusetshenziswa inaliti ebanzi.

• I-Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ukususwa kwezicubu noma uketshezi kusetshenziswa inaliti ezacile.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

• Ukuthi isimila yi-nonseminoma noma i-seminoma.

• Usayizi wesimila nokuthi ukuphi emzimbeni.

• Amazinga egazi e-AFP, β-hCG, ne-LDH.

• Ukuthi isimila sesisabalalele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Indlela isimila esiphendula ngayo ekwelashweni kokuqala.

• Ukuthi isimila sisanda kutholakala yini noma sesiphindile (buyela emuva).

Izigaba ze-Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-extragonadal, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asenabele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Amaqembu wokubikezela alandelayo asetshenziselwa izicubu zeseli zegciwane le-extragonadal:

• Isibikezelo esihle

• Isibikezelo esiphakathi

• Isibikezelo esibi

Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-extragonadal, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asenabele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Izinga noma ukusabalala komdlavuza kuvame ukuchazwa njengezigaba. Kwizigaxa zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal, kusetshenziswa amaqembu okubikezela esikhundleni sezigaba. Izimila ziqoqwe ngokwendlela umdlavuza okulindeleke ukuthi uphendule ngayo ekwelashweni. Kubalulekile ukwazi iqembu lokubikezela ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa.

Zintathu izindlela umdlavuza osakazeka ngayo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngezicubu, uhlelo lwe-lymph, kanye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokukhulela ezindaweni eziseduze.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Umdlavuza udabula imithambo ye-lymph uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho uqale khona ngokungena egazini. Umdlavuza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuka lapho uqale khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Amaseli womdlavuza aqhamuka lapho aqale khona (isimila sokuqala) futhi ahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymph noma igazi.

• Uhlelo lweLymph. Umdlavuza ungena ohlelweni lwe-lymph, udabule emithanjeni ye-lymph, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umdlavuza ungena egazini, udabule emithanjeni yegazi, bese wenza isimila (isimila se-metastatic) kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

Isigaxa se-metastatic luhlobo olufanayo lwesimila njengesimila sokuqala. Isibonelo, uma isimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza sisakazeka siye emaphashini, amangqamuzana wesimila ephashini empeleni angamaseli amagciwane anomdlavuza. Lesi sifo yi-metastatic extragonadal germ cell tumor, hhayi umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Amaqembu wokubikezela alandelayo asetshenziselwa izicubu zeseli zegciwane le-extragonadal:

Isibikezelo esihle

Isimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-nonseminoma eseqenjini elihle lokuqagela uma:

• isimila sisemuva kwesisu; futhi

• isimila asisabalalanga ezithweni ngaphandle kwamaphaphu; futhi

• amazinga ezimpawu zesimila i-AFP ne-β-hCG ajwayelekile kanti i-LDH ingaphezulu kancane kokujwayelekile.

I-seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor iseqenjini elihle lokubikezela uma:

• isimila asisabalalanga ezithweni ngaphandle kwamaphaphu; futhi

• izinga le-AFP livamile; I-β-hCG ne-LDH kungaba kunoma yiliphi izinga.

Isibikezelo esiphakathi

Isimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-nonseminoma eseqenjini lesibikezelo esiphakathi uma:

• isimila sisemuva kwesisu; futhi

• isimila asisabalalanga ezithweni ngaphandle kwamaphaphu; futhi

• Izinga lanoma yimuphi umaka wesimila (i-AFP, β-hCG, noma i-LDH) lingaphezulu kancane kokujwayelekile.

I-seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor iseqenjini eliphakathi lokubikezela uma:

• isimila sesinabele ezithweni ezingewona amaphaphu; futhi

• izinga le-AFP livamile; I-β-hCG ne-LDH kungaba kunoma yiliphi izinga.

Isibikezelo esibi

Isimila segciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-nonseminoma eseqenjini lesifo esingalungile uma:

• isimila sisesifubeni; noma

• isimila sesinabele ezithweni ezingewona amaphaphu; noma

• izinga lanoma yisiphi isibonakaliso sezimpawu (i-AFP, β-hCG, noma i-LDH) liphezulu.

I-Seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor ayinalo iqembu elibi lokuqagela.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinezicubu zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal.

• Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

• Ukuhlinzwa

• Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

• I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant

• Ukwelashwa kwezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal kungadala imiphumela emibi.

• Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

• Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinezicubu zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinamathumba amangqamuzana egciwane angaphandle kwe-extragonadal. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zijwayelekile (indlela esetshenziswa njengamanje), kanti ezinye ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lapho izivivinyo zokwelashwa zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ukwelashwa okusha kungaba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zivulekele kuphela iziguli ezingakaqali ukwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.

Indlela okunikezwa ngayo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-seminoma.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni. Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo ku-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni nesigaba somdlavuza owelashwa.

Ukuhlinzwa

Iziguli ezinezicubu ezinobungozi noma isimila esisele ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy kungadinga ukuthi zihlinzwe.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant

Imithamo ephezulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali inikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Amaseli aphilile, kufaka phakathi amaseli akha igazi, nawo abhujiswa ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell ukwelashwa ukufaka amaseli akha igazi. Ama-stem cells (amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe) ayasuswa egazini noma emnkantsheni wethambo wesiguli noma womnikeli futhi afriziwe futhi agcinwe. Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli siqede i-chemotherapy, amangqamuzana eziqu agciniwe ancibilika abuyiselwa esigulini ngokumnika. Lawa maseli wesiqu abuyisiwe akhula abe (futhi abuyisele) amangqamuzana egazi omzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle ebangelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza noma ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala kwezimila zamangqamuzana angaphandle kwegciwane le-extragonadal, amazinga egazi e-AFP namanye amakaki ezimila ayaqhubeka nokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Ama-Tumors Eseli le-Extragonadal Germ

Kulesi Sigaba

• Benign Teratoma

• ISeminoma

• Nonseminoma

• Ama-Tumors Eseli Aphindayo noma Ase-Refractory Germ Cell

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Benign Teratoma

Ukwelashwa kwama-teratomas anobungozi ukuhlinzwa.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

ISeminoma

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane leseminoma extragonadal kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yamathumba amancane endaweni eyodwa, kulandelwa ukulinda okulindile uma ngabe kukhona isimila esisele ngemuva kokwelashwa.

• I-Chemotherapy yamathumba amakhulu noma izicubu ezisakazekile. Uma isimila esingaphansi kwamasentimitha ama-3 sisele ngemuva kwamakhemikhali, ukulinda okubukhali kulandela. Uma isimila esikhulu sihlala ngemuva kokwelashwa, kulandela ukuhlinzwa noma ukulinda okulindile.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Nonseminoma

Ukwelashwa kwezicubu zesifo segciwane i-nonseminoma extragonadal kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali elandelwa ukuhlinzwa ukususa noma yisiphi isimila esisele.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha okusha.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ama-Tumors Eseli Aphindayo noma Ase-Refractory Germ Cell

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane le-extragonadal eziphindaphindayo (ezibuyayo ngemuva kokuphathwa) noma ezokuphikisa (zingabi ngcono ngesikhathi sokwelashwa) kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha okusha.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukufunda Okwengeziwe Ngamathumba Wamaseli We-Extragonadal Germ

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu evela ku-National Cancer Institute mayelana nezicubu zamangqamuzana angaphandle kwegciwane, bheka ikhasi lasekhaya le-Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor.

Ngemininingwane ejwayelekile yomdlavuza nezinye izinsiza ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, bheka okulandelayo:

• Mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Isiteji

• I-Chemotherapy kanye Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Nawe: Ukusekelwa Kwabantu Abanomdlavuza

• Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza

• Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli