Izinhlobo / umdlavuza wobuntwana
Okuqukethwe
Umdlavuza Wezingane
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kuyacasula kunoma ibuphi ubudala, kodwa ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli siseyingane. Kungokwemvelo ukuba nemibuzo eminingi, enjengokuthi, Ubani okufanele aphathe ingane yami? Ngabe ingane yami izosinda? Kusho ukuthini konke lokhu emndenini wethu? Akuyona yonke imibuzo enezimpendulo, kepha imininingwane nezinsizakusebenza ezikuleli khasi zinikeza indawo yokuqala ukuqonda izisekelo zomdlavuza wezingane.
Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Ezinganeni
E-United States ngonyaka we-2019, kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangu-11 060 ababalelwa emdlavuzeni abasha abazoba nomdlavuza ezinganeni ezisukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni eyi-14, kanti izingane ezingaba ngu-1,190 kulindeleke ukuthi zibulawe yilesi sifo. Yize amazinga okufa komdlavuza kuleli qembu leminyaka ehle ngamaphesenti angama-65 kusuka ngo-1970 kuya ku-2016, umdlavuza usalokhu uyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezifo ezinganeni. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ezitholwe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-14 ngama-leukemias, ubuchopho nezinye izimila zesistimu yezinzwa (CNS), kanye nama-lymphomas.
Ukwelapha Umdlavuza Wezingane
Umdlavuza wezingane awuphathwa njalo njengomdlavuza wabantu abadala. I-oncology yezingane yinto ekhethekile kwezokwelapha egxile ekunakekelweni kwezingane ezinomdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bukhona nokuthi kunezindlela zokwelashwa eziphumelelayo zomdlavuza omningi wezingane.
Izinhlobo Zokwelapha
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezitholwa yingane enomdlavuza zizoya ngohlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi usuthuthuke kangakanani. Imithi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi: ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-immunotherapy, nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell. Funda ngalezi nezinye izindlela zokwelapha esigabeni sethu Sezinhlobo Zokwelapha.
Ulwazi lwakamuva olubuyekezwe yisazi
Izifinyezo zolwazi lomdlavuza wezingane ze-NCI ze-® zichaza ukufinyelelwa, isiteji, kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa zomdlavuza wezingane.
Isifinyezo sethu mayelana ne-Childhood Cancer Genomics sichaza ushintsho lwe-genomic oluhambisana nomdlavuza wezingane ohlukile, nokubaluleka kwawo ekwelashweni nasekubikezelweni.
Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo
Ngaphambi kokuba noma ikuphi ukwelashwa okusha kutholakale kabanzi kwiziguli, kufanele kufundwe ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo (kwizifundo zocwaningo) futhi kutholakale kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza ekwelapheni izifo. Izilingo zomtholampilo wezingane nentsha enomdlavuza ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukuqhathanisa ukwelashwa okungaba ngcono nokwelashwa okwamukelwa njengokwejwayelekile njengamanje. Iningi lenqubekela phambili elenziwe ekuhlonzeni izindlela zokwelapha zomdlavuza wezingane litholwe ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo.
Isiza sethu sinemininingwane yokuthi izivivinyo zomtholampilo zisebenza kanjani. Ochwepheshe bezokwaziswa abasebenza nge-Cancer Information Service ye-NCI bangaphendula imibuzo mayelana nale nqubo futhi basize ukukhomba izivivinyo zokwelashwa eziqhubekayo zezingane ezinomdlavuza.
Imiphumela Yokwelapha
Izingane zibhekana nezinkinga ezihlukile ngesikhathi zelashwa umdlavuza, ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwelapha, nanjengabasindile bomdlavuza. Isibonelo, bangathola ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu, umdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo kunemiphumela ehlukene emizimbeni ekhulayo kunemizimba yabantu abadala, futhi bangaphendula ngokuhlukile emithini elawula izimpawu kubantu abadala. Ngeminye imininingwane, bheka isifinyezo se-® Pediatric Supportive Care Care. Imiphumela yokwelashwa emuva kwesikhathi ixoxwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuleli khasi esigabeni Sokusinda.
Lapho Kulashwa Izingane Ezinomdlavuza
Izingane ezinomdlavuza zivame ukwelashwa esikhungweni somdlavuza wezingane, okuyisibhedlela noma iyunithi esibhedlela esigxile ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza. Izikhungo eziningi zomdlavuza wezingane zelapha iziguli ezineminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo kulezi zikhungo banokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nobuchwepheshe bokuzinakekela ngokuphelele izingane. Ochwepheshe esikhungweni somdlavuza wezingane kungenzeka bafake odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, oncologists / hematologists bezingane, odokotela abahlinza izingane, oncologists bemisebe, ochwepheshe bokuhlumelelisa, ongoti babahlengikazi bezingane, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle kanye nezengqondo. Kulezi zikhungo, izivivinyo zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza ezenzeka ezinganeni, futhi nethuba lokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni linikezwa iziguli eziningi.
Izibhedlela ezinochwepheshe ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza imvamisa ziyizikhungo ezingamalungu e-Children's Oncology Group (COG) Exit Disclaimer esekelwa yi-NCI. I-COG yinhlangano enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eqhuba ucwaningo lomtholampilo ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa kwezingane ezinomdlavuza. I-NCI's Cancer Information Service ingasiza imindeni ukuthi ithole izibhedlela ezihambisana ne-COG.
E-National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center eBethesda, eMaryland, i-NCI's Pediatric Oncology Branch inakekela izingane ezinomdlavuza. Ochwepheshe bezempilo nososayensi benza ucwaningo lokuhumusha oludlulisa isayensi eyisisekelo ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yezingane kanye nabantu abadala abanomdlavuza kanye nama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo.
Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza
Ukulungisa ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wengane nokuthola izindlela zokuhlala uqinile kuyinselele kuwo wonke umuntu emndenini. Ikhasi lethu, i-Support for Families When a Child has Cancer, linamathiphu okukhuluma nezingane ngomdlavuza wazo nokuzilungiselela izinguquko ezingase zihlangabezane nazo. Futhi kufakwe izindlela zokusiza abafowethu nodadewethu ukuthi babhekane nesimo, izinyathelo abazali abangazithatha lapho bedinga ukwesekwa, namathiphu okusebenza nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izici ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nokwesekwa nazo kuxoxwa ngazo encwadini ethi Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents.
Ukusinda
Kubalulekile ukuthi abasindile bomdlavuza wezingane bathole ukunakekelwa okulandelayo ukuqapha impilo yabo ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Bonke abasindile kufanele babe nesifinyezo sokwelashwa kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa kwabasindile, njengoba kuxoxwe ekhasini lethu le-Care for Childhood Cancer Survivors. Lelo khasi futhi linemininingwane ngemitholampilo egxile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kokulandelela kwabantu abake baba nomdlavuza wezingane.
Abasinda kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza bangaba nezinkinga zempilo ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza, okwaziwa njengemiphumela yangemva kwesikhathi, kepha imiphumela yangemva kwesikhathi ibakhathaza kakhulu labo abasinde kumdlavuza wezingane ngoba ukwelashwa kwezingane kungaholela emiphumeleni ejulile, ehlala njalo ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Imiphumela yamuva iyahluka ngohlobo lomdlavuza, iminyaka yengane, uhlobo lokwelashwa, nezinye izinto. Imininingwane ngezinhlobo zemiphumela yesikhathi esedlule nezindlela zokuyilawula ingatholakala ekhasini lethu le-Care for Childhood Cancer Survivors. I-® Late Effects of Treatment for Cancer Yezingane isifinyezo inemininingwane ejulile.
Ukunakekelwa kokusinda nokulungiswa okungabhekana nakho bobabili abazali nezingane kuxoxwa ngakho encwadini ethi Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents.
Izimbangela Zomdlavuza
Izimbangela zemidlavuza eminingi ebuntwaneni azaziwa. Cishe amaphesenti ama-5 awo wonke umdlavuza ezinganeni abangelwa ukuguqulwa okuzuzwe njengefa (ukuguqulwa kofuzo okungadluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuye ezinganeni zabo).
Iningi lomdlavuza ezinganeni, njengalezo zabantu abadala, kucatshangwa ukuthi likhula ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela ekukhuleni kwamaseli okungalawulwa futhi ekugcineni kube nomdlavuza. Kubantu abadala, lezi zinguquko zofuzo zibonisa imiphumela eqoqekayo yokuguga nokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezibanga umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukukhomba izimbangela ezingaba khona zemvelo zomdlavuza wezingane kube nzima, ngokwengxenye ngoba umdlavuza ezinganeni uyivelakancane futhi ngokwengxenye ngoba kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingane okungenzeka zavezwa kuzo ekuqaleni kokukhula kwazo. Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nezimbangela zomdlavuza ezinganeni iyatholakala ephepheni leqiniso, iCancer in Children and Adolescents.
Ucwaningo
I-NCI isekela ucwaningo olubanzi ukuze kuqondwe kangcono izimbangela, i-biology, namaphethini omdlavuza wezingane kanye nokuhlonza izindlela ezingcono zokwelapha ngempumelelo izingane ezinomdlavuza. Ngokwesimo sezivivinyo zokwelashwa, abacwaningi belapha futhi bafunda ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ezisencane. Abaphenyi balandela nabasinde kumdlavuza wezingane ukuze bafunde ngempilo nangezinye izingqinamba abangabhekana nazo ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, bheka Ucwaningo Lomdlavuza Wezingane.
Amavidiyo Omdlavuza Wezingane Sicela unike amandla iJavacsript ukubuka lokhu okuqukethwe
Izinsiza Ezihlobene
Umdlavuza Ezinganeni Nasebusheni
Ukusekelwa Kwemindeni Lapho Ingane Inomdlavuza
Ukunakekela Abasindile Emdlavuzeni Wezingane
Izingane Ezinomdlavuza: Umhlahlandlela Wabazali
Lapho Umfowenu noma Udadewenu Enomdlavuza: Umhlahlandlela Wentsha
Lapho Ukwelashwa Kungasenakwenzeka Enganeni Yakho
Nika amandla ukuvuselelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamazwana