Izinhlobo / ubuchopho / isiguli / ingane-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq

I-Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (®) –Patient Version

Imininingwane Ejwayelekile Mayelana Ne-Childhood Central Nervous System (CNS) Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi i-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zobuchopho.

• Izinguquko ezithile zofuzo zingakhuphula ubungozi besimila se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid.

• Izimpawu nezimpawu zesimila se-teratoid / rhabdoid atypical azifani kuzo zonke iziguli.

• Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ubuchopho nomgogodla kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) isimila se-CNS atypical teratoid / rhabdoid.

• Kutholwa isisu se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor futhi singasuswa lapho sihlinzwa.

• Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi i-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akha izicubu zobuchopho.

Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (CNS) i-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor (AT / RT) iyisigaxa esingajwayelekile, esikhula ngokushesha ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezinganeni ezineminyaka emithathu nangaphansi, yize kungenzeka ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala.

Cishe uhhafu walezi zicubu zenzeka ku-cerebellum noma esiqwini sobuchopho. I-cerebellum yingxenye yobuchopho elawula ukunyakaza, ukulinganisela, nokuma komzimba. Isiqu sobuchopho silawula ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinzwa nemisipha esetshenziselwa ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhamba, ukukhuluma nokudla. I-AT / RT ingatholakala nakwezinye izingxenye zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (ubuchopho nomgogodla).

I-anatomy yobuchopho. Indawo ye-supratentorial (ingxenye ephezulu yobuchopho) iqukethe i-cerebrum, i-lateral ventricle ne-ventricle yesithathu (ene-cerebrospinal fluid ekhonjiswe ku-blue), i-choroid plexus, i-pineal gland, i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, ne-optic nerve. Indawo engemuva kwe-fossa / infratentorial (ingxenye engezansi engemuva yobuchopho) iqukethe i-cerebellum, i-tectum, i-ventricle yesine, kanye nesiqu sobuchopho (i-midbrain, i-pons, ne-medulla). I-tentorium ihlukanisa i-supratentorium ne-infratentorium (iphaneli yesokudla). Ugebhezi namamenyu kuvikela ubuchopho nomgogodla (iphaneli engakwesobunxele).

Lesi sifinyeto sichaza ukwelashwa kwezicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho (izicubu eziqala ebuchosheni). Ukwelashwa kwezimila zobuchopho ze-metastatic, okuyizicubu ezakhiwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi asabalale aye ebuchosheni, akuhlanganisiwe kulesi sifinyezo. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bheka isifinyezo se- ku-Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho bengane kanye nezicubu zomgogodla.

Izicubu zobuchopho zingenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala; kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwezingane kungahluka kunokwelashwa kwabantu abadala. Bona isifinyezo sokwelashwa se- ku-Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Izinguquko ezithile zofuzo zingakhuphula ubungozi besimila se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid.

Noma yini enyusa ingozi yokuthola isifo ibizwa ngokuthi ingozi. Ukuba nengcuphe akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza; ukungabi nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi ngeke uthole umdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba sengcupheni.

Isimila se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid singaxhunyaniswa nezinguquko kuzakhi zofuzo zokucindezela i-SMARCB1 noma i-SMARCA4. Izakhi zofuzo zalolu hlobo zenza amaprotheni asiza ukulawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Izinguquko ku-DNA yezakhi zofuzo zokucindezela i-tumor njenge-SMARCB1 noma i-SMARCA4 ingaholela kumdlavuza.

Izinguquko kuhlobo lwe-SMARCB1 noma lwe-SMARCA4 zingazuzwa njengefa (zidluliselwe zisuka kubazali ziye enzalweni). Lapho lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuzuzwa, izicubu zingakheka ezingxenyeni ezimbili zomzimba ngasikhathi sinye (ngokwesibonelo, ebuchosheni nasezinso). Ezigulini ezine-AT / RT, kunganconywa ukwelulekwa ngofuzo (ingxoxo nochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe mayelana nezifo ezizuzwe njengefa kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa kofuzo).

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesimila se-teratoid / rhabdoid atypical azifani kuzo zonke iziguli.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zincike kokulandelayo:

• Iminyaka yengane.

• Lapho okwakheke khona isimila.

Ngenxa yokuthi isimila se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid sikhula ngokushesha, izimpawu nezimpawu zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu esikhathini sezinsuku noma amasonto. Izimpawu nezimpawu zingabangelwa yi-AT / RT noma ezinye izimo. Buza kudokotela wengane yakho uma ingane yakho inokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphathwa ikhanda ekuseni noma ikhanda elihamba ngemuva kokuhlanza.

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

• Ukulala okungavamile noma ushintsho ezingeni lomsebenzi.

• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa, noma ukuhamba kanzima.

• Khulisa usayizi wekhanda (ezinganeni).

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ubuchopho nomgogodla kusetshenziselwa ukuthola (ukuthola) isimila se-CNS atypical teratoid / rhabdoid.

Lezi zivivinyo nezinqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando: Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, kufaka phakathi nokuhlola izimpawu zezifo, njengezigaxa noma yini enye ebonakala ingajwayelekile. Kuzothathwa nomlando wemikhuba yezempilo yesiguli kanye nokugula nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neurological: Uchungechunge lwemibuzo novivinyo lokuhlola ubuchopho, umgogodla nokusebenza kwe-nerve. Isivivinyo sihlola isimo somuntu somqondo, ukusebenzisana, kanye nekhono lokuhamba ngokujwayelekile, nokuthi izicubu, izinzwa, nokucabanga kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kungabizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-neuro noma ukuhlolwa kwe-neurologic.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inqubo esebenzisa uzibuthe, amagagasi omsakazo, nekhompyutha ukwenza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinemininingwane yezindawo ezingaphakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (i-NMRI).

• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Inqubo esetshenziselwa ukuqoqa i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kusuka kukholamu lomgogodla. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubeka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabili emgogodleni naku-CSF ezungeze umgogodla nokususa isampula loketshezi. Isampula le-CSF lihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zamangqamuzana wesimila. Isampula nayo ingahlolwa inani lamaprotheni noshukela. Inani eliphakeme kunelejwayelekile lamaprotheni noma inani eliphansi kunelejwayelekile le-glucose kungaba uphawu lwesimila. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-LP noma umpompi womgogodla.

• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo lwe-SMARCB1 kanye ne-SMARCA4: Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri lapho kuhlolwe khona isampula yegazi noma izicubu zezinguquko ezithile kuzakhi zofuzo ze-SMARCB1 ne-SMARCA4.

Kutholwa isisu se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor futhi singasuswa lapho sihlinzwa.

Uma odokotela becabanga ukuthi kungahle kube nesimila ebuchosheni, kungenziwa i-biopsy ukususa isampula lezicubu. Kwezimila ebuchosheni, i-biopsy yenziwa ngokususa ingxenye yogebhezi bese kusetshenziswa inaliti ukususa isampula lezicubu. Isazi sezifo sibheka izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma kutholakala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, udokotela angasusa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo. I-pathologist ihlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthola uhlobo lwesimila sobuchopho. Imvamisa kunzima ukukhipha ngokuphelele i-AT / RT ngenxa yokuthi isimila sikuphi ebuchosheni futhi ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi bese sisakazekile ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

I-Craniotomy: Kuvulwa imbobo kugebhezi bese kukhishwa ucezu logebhezi ukukhombisa ingxenye yobuchopho.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa kusampula lezicubu ezisusiwe:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Isivivinyo selabhorethri esisebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukubheka ama-antigen (amakaki) athile kusampula yezicubu zesiguli. Amasosha omzimba avamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-enzyme noma udayi we-fluorescent. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-antibody abophele kwi-antigen ethile kusampula yezicubu, i-enzyme noma idayi iyasebenza, bese kuthi i-antigen ibonakale ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza nokusiza ukutshela uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza kolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza.

Izici ezithile zithinta ukubikezela (ithuba lokululama) kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Isibikezelo (ithuba lokululama) nezinketho zokwelashwa zincike kokulandelayo:

• Ukuthi kunezinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa.

• Iminyaka yengane.

• Inani le-tumor elisele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalalele kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (ubuchopho nomgogodla) noma ezinso ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Izigaba Zobuntwana be-CNS Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Akunasistimu ejwayelekile yokubeka isistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi kwe-teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Akunasistimu ejwayelekile yokubeka isistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi kwe-teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Izinga noma ukusabalala komdlavuza kuvame ukuchazwa njengezigaba. Akunasistimu ejwayelekile yokubeka isistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi kwe-teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lesi sifo siqoqwe njengokusanda kutholakala noma okuphindaphindiwe. Ukwelashwa kuncike kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Iminyaka yengane.

• Ngabe usale kangakanani umdlavuza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila.

Imiphumela evela kule nqubo elandelayo nayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound: Inqubo lapho amagagasi omsindo wamandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) ehlaselwa izicubu noma izitho zangaphakathi, ezinjengezinso, bese enza ama-echoes. Ama-echoes akha isithombe sezicubu zomzimba esibizwa nge-sonogram. Isithombe singaphrintwa ukuze sibhekwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nqubo yenziwa ukuhlola izicubu okungenzeka ukuthi nazo zakheka ezinso.

Uhlolojikelele lwenketho yokwelashwa

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

• Izingane ezinesigaxa se-teratoid / rhabdoid ezi-atypical kufanele zihlelelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu labahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo abangochwepheshe

ukwelapha umdlavuza ezinganeni.

• Izicubu zobuchopho bengane zingadala izimpawu noma izimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholwe futhi uqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka.

• Ukwelashwa kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi ebuntwaneni e-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumors kungadala imiphumela emibi.

• Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa zisetshenzisiwe:

• Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant

• Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

• Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

• Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ezigulini ezinesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi e-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor (AT / RT). Ukwelashwa kwe-AT / RT kuvame ukuba ngaphakathi kwesivivinyo somtholampilo. Isivivinyo somtholampilo wokwelashwa isifundo socwaningo esihloselwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha zeziguli ezinomdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okuqhubekayo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa komdlavuza okufanele kunazo zonke kuyisinqumo esithinta kahle isiguli, umndeni kanye neqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Izingane ezinesigaxa se-teratoid / rhabdoid atypical kufanele zihlelelwe ukwelashwa kwazo yiqembu labahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza ezinganeni.

Ukwelashwa kuzobhekwa ngudokotela wezingane oncologist, udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza. I-oncologist yezingane isebenza nabanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo yezingane abangongoti ekwelapheni izingane ezinomdlavuza ophakathi nohlelo lwezinzwa futhi abagxile ezindaweni ezithile zemithi. Lokhu kungafaka ongoti abalandelayo:

• Udokotela wezingane.

• I-neurosurgeon yezingane.

• I-radiation oncologist.

• Isazi sezinzwa.

• Umhlengikazi ongumhlengikazi.

• Uchwepheshe wokuvuselelwa.

• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.

• Usonhlala kahle.

• Isazi sezofuzo noma umeluleki wofuzo.

Izicubu zobuchopho bengane zingadala izimpawu noma izimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholwe futhi uqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibangelwa isimila zingaqala ngaphambi kokuxilongwa. Lezi zimpawu noma izimpawu zingaqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela bengane yakho ngezimpawu noma izimpawu ezibangelwa isimila esingaqhubeka ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi ebuntwaneni e-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumors kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela emibi eqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza, bheka ikhasi lethu le-Side Effects.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza eqala ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi iqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka ibizwa ngemiphumela ephuzile. Imiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza ingafaka okulandelayo:

• Izinkinga zomzimba.

• Izinguquko zemizwa, imizwa, ukucabanga, ukufunda, noma inkumbulo.

• Umdlavuza wesibili (izinhlobo ezintsha zomdlavuza).

Eminye imiphumela yesikhashana ingalashwa noma ilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela bengane yakho ngemiphumela yokwelashwa komdlavuza engaba nayo enganeni yakho. (Bheka isifinyezo se- ngemiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza wezingane ukuthola eminye imininingwane).

Izinhlobo ezine zokwelashwa zisetshenzisiwe:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokwelapha isimila se-CNS atypical teratoid / rhabdoid. Bona isigaba soMniningwane Jikelele walesi sifinyezo.

Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela awususe wonke umdlavuza ongabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, iziguli eziningi zizonikezwa i-chemotherapy futhi mhlawumbe nokwelashwa ngemisebe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ukwelashwa okunikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant therapy.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungaba ngokubulala amaseli noma ngokuwavimba ekuhlukaniseni.

• Lapho i-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo ku-cerebrospinal fluid, isitho, noma umgodi womzimba njengesisu, izidakamizwa zithinta kakhulu amaseli wesimila kulezo zindawo (i-chemotherapy yesifunda). Imithamo ejwayelekile yemithi elwa nomdlavuza enikezwa ngomlomo noma emthanjeni ukwelapha izicubu zobuchopho nomgogodla ayikwazi ukweqa isithiyo segazi nobuchopho futhi ifinyelele kulesimila. Imithi elwa nomdlavuza efakwe ku-cerebrospinal fluid iyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-tumor. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-intrathecal chemotherapy.

• Lapho i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo noma ifakwa emthanjeni noma emisipheni, izidakamizwa zingena egazini futhi zingafinyelela kumaseli ezinwele emzimbeni wonke (systemic chemotherapy). Ukweqiwa okuphezulu kwemithi ethile elwa nomdlavuza enikezwe emthanjeni kunganqamula isithiyo segazi nobuchopho futhi kufinyelele kulesimila.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ama-x-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwagcina ekukhuleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imisebe ebheke emdlavuzeni.

• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphakathi kusebenzisa into enemisebe eboshwe ngezinaliti, izimbewu, izintambo, noma ama-catheters abekwe ngqo noma eduze komdlavuza.

Indlela yokwelashwa ngemisebe enikezwa ngayo incike ohlotsheni lwesimila eselaphwayo nokuthi ngabe selusabalele yini. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kunganikezwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.

Ngoba ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungathinta ukukhula nokukhula kobuchopho ezinganeni ezisencane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka emithathu noma ngaphansi, umthamo wokwelashwa ngemisebe ungaba ngaphansi kunezingane ezindala.

I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant

Imithamo ephezulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali inikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Amaseli aphilile, kufaka phakathi amaseli akha igazi, nawo abhujiswa ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell ukwelashwa ukufaka amaseli akha igazi. Ama-stem cells (amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe) ayasuswa egazini noma emnkantsheni wethambo wesiguli noma womnikeli futhi afriziwe futhi agcinwe. Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli siqede i-chemotherapy, amangqamuzana eziqu agciniwe ancibilika abuyiselwa esigulini ngokumnika. Lawa maseli wesiqu abuyisiwe akhula abe (futhi abuyisele) amangqamuzana egazi omzimba.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa ziyahlolwa ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Lesi sigaba esifingqiwe sichaza izindlela zokwelashwa ezicwaningwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Kungenzeka kungasho yonke imishanguzo emisha efundwayo. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-NCI.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe uhlobo lokwelashwa olusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza athile. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zivame ukudala ukulimala okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile kunokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kufundwa ekwelapheni okuphindaphindayo kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi kwe-teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Iziguli zingafuna ukucabanga ngokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Kwezinye iziguli, ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyingxenye yenqubo yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuyenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusha kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza yini noma kungcono kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.

Eziningi zezindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza zisuselwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala komtholampilo. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo zingathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha.

Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa zisiza nokwenza ngcono indlela umdlavuza ozophathwa ngayo ngokuzayo. Noma izilingo zomtholampilo zingaholeli ekwelashweni okusha okusebenzayo, zivame ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile futhi zisize ukuqhubela phambili ucwaningo.

Iziguli zingangena ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwazo komdlavuza.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa zifaka kuphela iziguli ezingakatholi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izilingo zivivinya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza ongakabi ngcono. Kukhona nokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungaphindi (ubuye) noma kunciphise imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenzeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. Imininingwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo esekelwa yi-NCI ingatholakala ekhasini lewebhu le-NCI lokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa ezinye izinhlangano zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungadingeka.

Olunye uvivinyo olwenziwe ukuxilonga umdlavuza lungaphindwa. Olunye uvivinyo luzophindwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani. Izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uqhubeke, ushintshe, noma umise ukwelashwa zingasuselwa emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo zizoqhubeka ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sengane yakho sishintshile noma uma umdlavuza ubuyile (buyela emuva). Lezi zivivinyo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izivivinyo zokulandelela noma ukuhlolwa.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwesifo Sokusha Sokutholwa Kwezingane se-CNS Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Akukho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kweziguli ezinesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

• Inhlanganisela yokwelashwa isetshenziselwa iziguli ezine-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Akukho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kweziguli ezinesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Inhlanganisela yokwelashwa isetshenziselwa iziguli ezine-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor.

Ngoba i-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor (AT / RT) ikhula ngokushesha, inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ivame ukunikezwa. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila, ukwelashwa kwe-AT / RT kungafaka inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

• I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant.

Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zokwelashwa okusha kufanele zicatshangelwe ezigulini ezinesisu esisanda kutholakala se-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Okwenzeka Kwezingane Okuphindaphindayo I-CNS Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor

Ngemininingwane mayelana nokwelashwa okubalwe ngezansi, bheka isigaba se-Treatment Option Overview section.

Akukho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kweziguli ezinesistimu yezinzwa ephindaphindayo yobuntwana e-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor. Ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo sokwelapha okubhekiswe kukho.

• Isivivinyo somtholampilo esihlola isampula lesimila sesiguli ukuthola izinguquko ezithile zofuzo. Uhlobo lokwelashwa okuqondisiwe oluzonikezwa isiguli kuncike ohlotsheni lokushintsha kofuzo.

Sebenzisa ukusesha kwethu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuthola izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezisekelwa yi-NCI ezamukela iziguli. Ungasesha izivivinyo ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, iminyaka yesiguli, nalapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo iyatholakala.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-CNS yobuntwana i-Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor namanye ama-Tumors Brain Childhood

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi yengane e-atypical teratoid / rhabdoid isimila nezinye izicubu zobuchopho bengane, bheka okulandelayo:

• I-Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) Phuma Disclaimer

Ngemininingwane eminingi yomdlavuza wezingane nezinye izinsiza zomdlavuza ezijwayelekile, bheka okulandelayo:

• Mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Umdlavuza Wezingane

• I-CureSearch ye-Cancer YezinganePhuma Ukuzikhulula

• Imiphumela Emuva Yokwelapha Yomdlavuza Wezingane

• Intsha kanye nabantu abadala abancane abaneCancer

• Izingane Ezinomdlavuza: Umhlahlandlela Wabazali

• Umdlavuza Ezinganeni Nasebusheni

• Isiteji

• Ukubhekana Nomdlavuza

• Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho mayelana Nomdlavuza

• Kwabasindile Nabanakekeli