Mayelana-umdlavuza / ukwelashwa / izinhlobo / ukuhlinzwa / ama-lasers-fact-sheet

Ama-Lasers ekwelashweni komdlavuza

Kuyini ukukhanya kwe-laser?

Igama elithi “laser” limelela ukukhulisa ukukhanya ngokukhishwa kwemisebe okugqugquzelwayo. Ukukhanya okuvamile, njengalokhu okuvela kubani lesibani, kunamaza amaningi futhi kusakazeka nxazonke. Ukukhanya kwe-Laser, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunebude obuthile obukhethekile. Igxile kugongolo oluncane futhi yakha ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Lo msebe wokukhanya onamandla ungasetshenziselwa ukusika ngensimbi noma ukubumba amadayimane. Ngoba ama-lasers angagxila ngokunembile ezindaweni ezincane, angasetshenziselwa nomsebenzi oqondile wokuhlinza noma ukusika izicubu (esikhundleni se-scalpel).

Kuyini ukwelashwa kwelaser, futhi kusetshenziswa kanjani ekwelashweni ngomdlavuza?

Ukwelashwa nge-Laser isebenzisa ukukhanya ngamandla okukhulu ukwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izifo. Ama-Lasers angasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa noma ukubhubhisa izicubu noma iziqu ezingapholi. Ama-Lasers ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ongaphezulu (umdlavuza ebusweni bomzimba noma ulwelwesi lwezitho zangaphakathi) njengomdlavuza wesikhumba webasal kanye nezigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza othile, njengomlomo wesibeletho, i-penile, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, i-vulvar, kanye umdlavuza wamaphaphu weselula ongewona omncane.

Ama-Lasers nawo angasetshenziselwa ukukhulula izimpawu ezithile zomdlavuza, njengokuphuma kwegazi noma ukuvimbela. Isibonelo, ama-lasers angasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa noma ukubhubhisa isimila esivimba i-trachea yesiguli (i-windpipe) noma i-esophagus. Ama-Lasers nawo angasetshenziselwa ukususa ama-colon polyps noma izicubu ezivimbela ikholoni noma isisu.

Ukwelashwa nge-Laser kungasetshenziswa kukodwa, kepha imvamisa kuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, noma i-radiation therapy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lasers angakwazi ukuvala ukuphela kwezinzwa ukunciphisa izinhlungu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa nokuvala imikhumbi ye-lymph ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokukhawulela ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana e-tumor.

Ingabe i-laser therapy inikezwa kanjani isiguli?

Ukwelashwa nge-Laser kuvame ukunikezwa nge-endoscope eguquguqukayo (ithubhu elincane, elikhanyisiwe elisetshenziselwa ukubheka izicubu ngaphakathi komzimba). I-endoscope ifakwe izintambo ezibonakalayo (imicu emincane edlulisa ukukhanya). Ifakwa ngembobo emzimbeni, njengomlomo, ikhala, indunu, noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ukukhanya kwe-Laser bese kuhloswe ngqo ukusika noma ukubhubhisa isimila.

I-laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), noma i-interstitial laser photocoagulation, ibuye isebenzise ama-lasers ukwelapha eminye imidlavuza. I-LITT iyefana nokwelashwa komdlavuza okubizwa nge-hyperthermia, okusebenzisa ukushisa ukunciphisa izicubu ngokulimaza noma ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. (Imininingwane eminingi nge-hyperthermia itholakala ku-NCI sheet sheet Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment.) Ngesikhathi se-LITT, kufakwa i-fiber optical ku-tumor. Ukukhanya kwe-Laser ekugcineni kwefayibha kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kwamaseli wesimila futhi kulimaze noma kuwabhubhise. I-LITT kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izicubu esibindi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic (PDT) kungenye indlela yokwelashwa komdlavuza esebenzisa ama-lasers. Ku-PDT, umuthi othile, obizwa nge-photosensitizer noma i-photosensitizing agent, ujojelwa esigulini bese umuncwa ngamaseli kuwo wonke umzimba wesiguli. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-ejenti itholakala ikakhulu kumaseli womdlavuza. Ukukhanya kwe-Laser kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-ejenti isebenze futhi kuqede amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi i-photosensitizer yenza isikhumba namehlo azwele ekukhanyeni ngemuva kwalokho, iziguli zelulekwa ukuthi zigweme ukukhanya kwelanga nokukhanya kwangaphakathi kwalesi sikhathi. (Imininingwane engaphezulu nge-PDT iyatholakala ku-NCI sheet sheet Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer.)

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-lasers ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza?

Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-lasers zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza: i-carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, i-argon lasers, neodymium: i-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers. Ngayinye yalezi inganciphisa noma ibhubhise izicubu futhi ingasetshenziswa ngama-endoscopes.

I-CO2 ne-argon lasers zingasika isikhumba ngaphandle kokungena ezingqimbeni ezijulile. Ngakho-ke, zingasetshenziselwa ukususa umdlavuza ongaphezulu, njengomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-laser ye-Nd: YAG isetshenziswa kakhulu nge-endoscope ukwelapha izitho zangaphakathi, njengesibeletho, i-esophagus, ne-colon.

Nd: Ukukhanya kwe-YAG laser nakho kungahamba ngezintambo ezibonakalayo ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba ngesikhathi seLITT. Ama-argon lasers ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza kusebenze izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswe ku-PDT.

Ziyini izinzuzo zelaser therapy?

Ama-Lasers anemba kakhulu kunamathuluzi ajwayelekile okuhlinza (ama-scalpels), ngakho-ke enza umonakalo omncane kwizicubu ezijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli imvamisa zinobuhlungu obuncane, ukopha, ukuvuvukala nezibazi. Nge-laser therapy, imisebenzi ivame ukuba mfushane. Eqinisweni, ukwelashwa kwe-laser kaningi kungenziwa ngokuya ngaphandle. Kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukuthi iziguli ziphulukise ngemuva kokuhlinzwa nge-laser, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi zithole izifo. Iziguli kufanele zibonisane nomhlinzeki wazo wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa nge-laser kufanelekile yini.

Yiziphi izingqinamba zokwelashwa kwelaser?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Laser nakho kunemikhawulo eminingana. Odokotela abahlinzayo kufanele babe nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuba benze i-laser therapy, futhi kufanele kulandelwe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ukwelashwa nge-Laser kuyabiza futhi kudinga imishini enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokwelashwa kwelaser ingase ingahlali isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke odokotela kungadingeka baphindaphinde ukwelashwa kwesiguli ukuze sithole inzuzo ephelele.

Ikusasa liphetheni lokwelashwa kwelaser?

Ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa (izifundo zocwaningo), odokotela basebenzisa ama-lasers ukwelapha umdlavuza wobuchopho ne-prostate, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezivivinyo zomtholampilo, shayela i-NCI's Cancer Information Service ku-1-800–4-CANCER (1-800–422-6237) noma vakashela ikhasi lezilingo zomtholampilo le-NCI.

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