About-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery-fact-sheet

I-Cryosurgery ekwelashweni komdlavuza

Kuyini i-cryosurgery?

I-Cryosurgery (ebizwa nangokuthi i-cryotherapy) ukusetshenziswa kwamakhaza amakhulu akhiqizwa yi-liquid nitrogen (noma igesi ye-argon) ukubhubhisa izicubu ezingavamile. I-cryosurgery isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu zangaphandle, njengalezo ezisesikhunjeni. Kwizicubu zangaphandle, i-nitrogen engamanzi isetshenziswa ngqo kumaseli womdlavuza nge-swab kakotini noma ngedivayisi yokufafaza.

I-cryosurgery nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu ngaphakathi emzimbeni (izicubu zangaphakathi nezicubu ezise thanjeni). Kwizicubu zangaphakathi, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi noma igesi ye-argon isatshalaliswa ngensimbi engenalutho ebizwa nge-cryoprobe, ebekwa ekuxhumaneni nesimila. Udokotela usebenzisa i-ultrasound noma i-MRI ukuqondisa i-cryoprobe nokuqapha ukubanda kwamaseli, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukulimala kwezicubu ezinempilo eziseduze. (Ku-ultrasound, amagagasi omsindo asuswa ezithweni nakwezinye izicubu ukuze akhe isithombe esibizwa ngokuthi i-sonogram.) Ibhola lamakristalu e-ice akha uzungeze uphenyo, aqandisa amangqamuzana aseduze. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa iphenyo elingaphezu kwelilodwa ukuletha i-nitrogen engamanzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesimila. Ama-probes angafakwa ku-tumor ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ngesikhumba (ngasikhathi sinye). Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa,

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingelashwa nge-cryosurgery?

I-Cryosurgery isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, kanye nezimo ezithile ezingaconsi phansi noma ezingezona ezomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwezicubu zesibindi noma zesibindi, i-cryosurgery ingaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha okulandelayo:

• I-Retinoblastoma (umdlavuza wobuntwana othinta i-retina yeso). Odokotela bathole ukuthi ama-cryosurgery asebenza kakhulu lapho isimila sincane futhi sitholakala kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-retina.

• Umdlavuza wesikhumba osezingeni lokuqala (womabili ama-basal cell kanye nama-squamous cell carcinomas).

• Iziqu zesikhumba ezinomdlavuza ezaziwa ngokuthi i-actinic keratosis.

• Izimo ezandulela umdlavuza zomlomo wesibeletho ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (izinguquko zeseli ezingajwayelekile emgodini wesibeletho ezingakhula zibe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho).

I-Cryosurgery nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zezicubu zomdlavuza ezingelona ibanga eliphansi kanye nelingenalo umdlavuza wethambo. Kunganciphisa ubungozi bokulimala ngokuhlanganyela uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okukhulu, futhi kusize ukunciphisa isidingo sokunqunywa. Ukwelashwa kuphinde kusetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-Kaposi sarcoma ehlobene nengculazi lapho izilonda zesikhumba zincane futhi zitholakala endaweni.

Abaphenyi bahlola ama-cryosurgery njengokwelashwa kwamagciwane amaningi, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza webele, wekoloni nowezinso. Babuye bahlole i-cryotherapy ngokuhlangana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, ezinjengokwelashwa kwamahomoni, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuhlinzwa.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho i-cryosurgery ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa? Iyini imiphumela emibi?

I-Cryosurgery ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha abesilisa abanomdlavuza wesibeletho osanda kuqala obekelwe i-prostate gland. Isungulwe kahle kune-prostatectomy ejwayelekile nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa ngemisebe. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayaziwa. Ngoba isebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezincane, i-cryosurgery ayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa osabalele ngaphandle kwendlala, noma ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Ezinye izinzuzo ze-cryosurgery ukuthi inqubo ingaphindwa, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amadoda angakwazi ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngenxa yeminyaka yabo noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.

I-cryosurgery ye-prostate gland ingadala imiphumela emibi. Le miphumela emibi ingavela kaningi emadodeni anemisebe ye-prostate.

• I-cryosurgery ingavimba ukugeleza komchamo noma ibangele ukungasebenzi (ukungabi namandla okulawula ukugeleza komchamo); imvamisa, le miphumela engemihle ingeyesikhashana.

• Amadoda amaningi aphelelwa amandla (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezocansi).

• Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kubangele ukulimala kwi-rectum.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho i-cryosurgery ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza oyinhloko wesibindi noma imastastases yesibindi (umdlavuza osabalalele esibindini kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba)? Iyini imiphumela emibi?

I-Cryosurgery ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza oyinhloko wesibindi ongazange usabalale. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlinzeka kungenzeki ngenxa yezici ezinjengezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa futhi kungasetshenziselwa umdlavuza osakaze esibindini kusuka kwenye indawo (njengekholoni noma i-rectum). Kwezinye izimo, i-chemotherapy kanye / noma i-radiation therapy inganikezwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwe-cryosurgery. I-cryosurgery esesibindi ingadala ukulimala kwemigudu ye-bile kanye / noma imithambo yegazi emikhulu, engaholela ekopheni (ukopha kakhulu) noma ukutheleleka.

Ingabe i-cryosurgery inezinkinga noma imiphumela emibi?

I-Cryosurgery inemiphumela engemihle, yize ingaba mibi kakhulu kunaleyo ehambisana nokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Imiphumela incike endaweni yesimila. I-Cryosurgery ye-intraepithelial neoplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ayiboniswanga ukuthi ithinta ukuzala kowesifazane, kepha ingadala ukuphazamiseka, ubuhlungu, noma ukopha. Uma isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesikhumba (kufaka phakathi iKaposi sarcoma), i-cryosurgery ingadala ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala; uma izinzwa zonakalisiwe, ukulahleka kwemizwa kungenzeka, futhi, kuyaqabukela, kungadala ukulahleka kombala nokulahleka kwezinwele endaweni ephethwe. Lapho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu zethambo, i-cryosurgery ingaholela ekubhujisweni kwezicubu zamathambo eziseduze futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni, kepha le miphumela kungenzeka ingabonakali isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala futhi ingahle ibambezeleke ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cryosurgery ingaxhumana kabi nezinhlobo ezithile ze-chemotherapy. Yize imiphumela emibi ye-cryosurgery ingahle ibe nzima kakhulu kunaleyo ehambisana nokuhlinzwa okuvamile noma imisebe, kudingeka izifundo eziningi ukuthola imiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Ziyini izinzuzo ze-cryosurgery?

I-Cryosurgery inikeza izinzuzo kunezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Akungeneki kangako kunokuhlinzwa, okubandakanya ukusikeka okuncane noma ukufakwa kwe-cryoprobe esikhunjeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuhlungu, ukuphuma kwegazi, nezinye izinkinga zokuhlinzwa ziyancishiswa. I-Cryosurgery ibiza kancane kunezinye izindlela zokwelashwa futhi idinga isikhathi esifushane sokululama nokuhlala esibhedlela okufushane, noma kungabikho ukuhlala esibhedlela nhlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-cryosurgery ingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo kuphela.

Ngoba odokotela bangagxila ekwelashweni kwe-cryosurgical endaweni elinganiselwe, bangagwema ukubhujiswa kwezicubu ezinempilo eziseduze. Ukwelashwa kungaphindwa ngokuphepha futhi kungasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa okujwayelekile njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwama-hormone nemisebe. I-Cryosurgery ingahlinzeka ngenketho yokwelapha umdlavuza obhekwa njengongasebenzi noma ongaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziselwa iziguli ezingafaneleki ukuhlinzekwa okuvamile ngenxa yeminyaka yazo noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izingqinamba ze-cryosurgery?

Okubi kakhulu kwe-cryosurgery ukungaqiniseki okuzungeze ukusebenza kwayo kwesikhathi eside. Ngenkathi i-cryosurgery ingasebenza ekwelapheni izicubu udokotela angabona ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging (izivivinyo ezikhiqiza izithombe zezindawo ezingaphakathi komzimba), ingaphuthelwa ukusabalala komdlavuza omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwale nqubo kusahlolwa, kungavela izindaba zokutholakala komshuwalense.

Ikusasa liphetheni ama-cryosurgery?

Izifundo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuthola ukusebenza kwe-cryosurgery ekulawuleni umdlavuza nasekuthuthukiseni ukusinda. Imininingwane evela kulezi zifundo izovumela odokotela ukuthi baqhathanise ama-cryosurgery nezinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, nemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bayaqhubeka nokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa i-cryosurgery ngokuhlangana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Kukuphi lapho kwenziwa khona ama-cryosurgery njengamanje?

I-Cryosurgery itholakala kabanzi emahhovisi ama-gynecologists 'ekwelapheni i-neoplasias yomlomo wesibeletho. Isibalo esilinganiselwe sezibhedlela nezikhungo zomdlavuza ezweni lonke njengamanje zinodokotela abanamakhono nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo bokwenza i-cryosurgery yezinye izimo ezinganomdlavuza, ezingapholi futhi ezinomdlavuza. Abantu bangathintana nodokotela babo noma bathinte izibhedlela nezikhungo zomdlavuza ezisendaweni yabo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kusetshenziswa kuphi i-cryosurgery.

Izinsiza Ezihlobene

Umdlavuza Wamathambo Oyinhloko