Mayelana-umdlavuza / ukwelashwa / imiphumela emibi / umlomo-umphimbo / izinkinga zomlomo-pdq

Izinkinga zomlomo zeChemotherapy kanye neHead / Neck Radiation Versio

Imininingwane ejwayelekile Mayelana Nezinkinga Zomlomo

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Izinkinga zomlomo zivamile ezigulini ezinomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

• Ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga zomlomo kungakusiza ukuthi uqhubeke nokwelashwa komdlavuza futhi ube nempilo engcono.

• Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa okuthinta ikhanda nentamo kufanele ukunakekelwa kwazo kuhlelwe yiqembu lodokotela nochwepheshe.

Izinkinga zomlomo zivamile ezigulini ezinomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

Izinkinga yizinkinga ezintsha zezokwelapha ezenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwesifo, inqubo, noma ukwelashwa ezenza ukutakula kube nzima. Izinkinga zingaba yimiphumela emibi yesifo noma ukwelashwa, noma zingaba nezinye izimbangela. Izinkinga zomlomo zithinta umlomo.

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza zisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zomlomo ngezizathu eziningi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kwehlisa noma kumise ukukhula kwamaseli amasha.

Le mithi yokwelapha umdlavuza yehlisa noma imise ukukhula kwamaseli akhula ngokushesha, njengamaseli womdlavuza. Amaseli ajwayelekile emgqeni womlomo nawo akhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwe-anticancer kungawamisa ekukhuleni, nawo. Lokhu kubambezela ikhono lezicubu zomlomo lokuzilungisa ngokwenza amaseli amasha.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungalimaza ngqo futhi kudilize izicubu zomlomo, izindlala zamathe namathambo.

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuphazamise ibhalansi enempilo yamagciwane emlonyeni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane emlonyeni. Ezinye ziwusizo kanti ezinye ziyingozi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungadala ushintsho kolwelwesi lomlomo nezindlala ezakha amathe, ezakha amathe. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ibhalansi enempilo yamagciwane. Lezi zinguquko zingadala izilonda zomlomo, ukutheleleka nokubola kwamazinyo.

Lesi sifinyezo simayelana nezinkinga zomlomo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga zomlomo kungakusiza ukuthi uqhubeke nokwelashwa komdlavuza futhi ube nempilo engcono.

Kwesinye isikhathi imithamo yokwelashwa idinga ukwehliswa noma ukwelashwa kumiswe ngenxa yezinkinga zomlomo. Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza nokwelapha izinkinga ngokushesha lapho zivela kungenza izinkinga zomlomo zibe nzima kakhulu. Lapho kunezinkinga ezimbalwa, ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungasebenza kangcono futhi ungaba nempilo engcono.

Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa okuthinta ikhanda nentamo kufanele ukunakekelwa kwazo kuhlelwe yiqembu lodokotela nochwepheshe.

Ukuphatha izinkinga zomlomo, i-oncologist izosebenza eduze nodokotela wakho wamazinyo futhi ingakudlulisela kwabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo abanokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kungafaka ongoti abalandelayo:

• Umhlengikazi we-Oncology.

• Ochwepheshe bamazinyo.

• I-Dietitian.

• Umelaphi wenkulumo.

• Usonhlala kahle.

Izinhloso zokunakekelwa ngomlomo nangamazinyo zihlukile ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelapha umdlavuza:

• Ngaphambi kokwelashwa komdlavuza, inhloso ukulungiselela ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngokwelapha izinkinga ezikhona zomlomo.

• Ngesikhathi sokwelapha umdlavuza, izinhloso ukuvimbela izinkinga zomlomo nokuphatha izinkinga ezenzekayo.

• Ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza, izinhloso ukugcina amazinyo nezinsini ziphilile futhi uphathe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside yomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo.

Izinkinga zomlomo ezivame kakhulu zokwelashwa komdlavuza zifaka okulandelayo:

• I-Oral mucositis (ulwelwesi lwamafinyila oluvuvukele emlonyeni).

• Ukutheleleka.

• Izinkinga zezindlala zesalivary.

• Shintsha ekunambithekeni.

• Ubuhlungu.

Lezi zinkinga zingaholela kwezinye izinkinga ezinjengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokungondleki.

Izinkinga zomlomo nezimbangela zazo

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungadala izinkinga zomlomo nomphimbo.

• Izinkinga ze-chemotherapy

• Izinkinga zokwelashwa ngemisebe

• Izinkinga ezibangelwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy

• Izinkinga zomlomo zingabangelwa ukwelashwa uqobo (ngqo) noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa (ngokungaqondile).

• Izinkinga zingaba nzima (zesikhashana) noma ezingapheli (ezihlala isikhathi eside).

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungadala izinkinga zomlomo nomphimbo.

Izinkinga ze-chemotherapy

Izinkinga zomlomo ezibangelwa i-chemotherapy zifaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuvuvukala nezilonda zezinambuzane ezinesisu esiswini noma emathunjini.

• Ukopha okulula emlonyeni.

• Ukulimala kwemizwa.

Izinkinga zokwelashwa ngemisebe

Izinkinga zomlomo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda nasentanyeni zifaka okulandelayo:

• I-Fibrosis (ukukhula kwezicubu zemicu) kulwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo nesifo sezinsini.

• Ukonakala kwezicubu endaweni ethola imisebe.

• Ukonakala kwethambo endaweni ethola imisebe.

• I-Fibrosis yemisipha endaweni ethola imisebe.

Izinkinga ezibangelwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy

Izinkinga zomlomo ezivame kakhulu zingabangelwa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• Izicubu zomlomo ezivuthayo emlonyeni.

• Ukutheleleka emlonyeni noma okuhamba egazini. Lokhu kungafinyelela futhi kuthinte amaseli kuwo wonke umzimba.

• Nambitha izinguquko.

• Umlomo owomile.

• Ubuhlungu.

• Izinguquko ekukhuleni kwamazinyo nentuthuko ezinganeni.

• Ukungondleki (ukungazitholi ngokwanele izakhi zomzimba ezidinga impilo) kubangelwa ukungakwazi ukudla.

• Ukwehla emzimbeni (ukungalitholi inani lamanzi umzimba odinga ukuba uphilile) kubangelwa ukungakwazi ukuphuza.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo nesifo sezinsini.

Izinkinga zomlomo zingabangelwa ukwelashwa uqobo (ngqo) noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa (ngokungaqondile).

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungalimaza ngqo izicubu zomlomo, izindlala zamathe, nethambo. Izindawo ezilashwa zingaba nesibazi noma zonakaliswe. Imisebe yomzimba ophelele ingadala ukulimala unomphela kuzindlala zamathe. Lokhu kungashintsha indlela ukudla okunambitha ngayo futhi kubangele umlomo owomile.

Ukuphulukiswa kancane kanye nokutheleleka kuyizinkinga ezingaqondile zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kokubili ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungamisa amaseli ekuhlukaniseni futhi kunciphise inqubo yokuphulukisa emlonyeni. I-Chemotherapy inganciphisa inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi futhi yenze buthaka amasosha omzimba (izitho namaseli alwa nokutheleleka nezifo). Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukutheleleka.

Izinkinga zingaba nzima (zesikhashana) noma ezingapheli (ezihlala isikhathi eside).

Izinkinga ezinzima yilezo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa bese ziyahamba. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukudala izinkinga ezinzima eziphulukisayo ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Izinkinga ezingapheli yilezo eziqhubeka noma ezivela izinyanga kuya eminyakeni ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Imisebe ingadala izinkinga ezinzima kepha futhi ingadala nokulimala okungapheli kwezicubu ezikubeka engcupheni yempilo yonke yezinkinga zomlomo. Lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo ezingapheli zingaqhubeka ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni:

• Umlomo owomile.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo.

• Izifo.

• Nambitha izinguquko.

• Izinkinga emlonyeni nasemhlathini ezibangelwa ukulahleka kwezicubu namathambo.

• Izinkinga emlonyeni nasemhlathini ezibangelwa ukukhula kwezimila ezinobungozi esikhunjeni nasemisipha.

Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo noma omunye umsebenzi wamazinyo kungadala izinkinga ezigulini ezinelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni. Qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wamazinyo wakho uyawazi umlando wakho wezempilo kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza owutholile.

Ukuvimbela nokwelapha Izinkinga Zomlomo Ngaphambi Kokuqala Kwemithi Yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali noma Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ukuthola nokwelapha izinkinga zomlomo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungavimbela izinkinga zomlomo noma kuzenze zibe nzima kakhulu.

• Ukuvimbela izinkinga zomlomo kufaka phakathi ukudla okunempilo, ukunakekelwa okuhle ngomlomo, nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo.

• Iziguli ezithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu, ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kufanele kube nohlelo lokunakekelwa ngomlomo ngaphambi kokulashwa.

• Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezinomdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo ziyeke ukubhema.

Ukuthola nokwelapha izinkinga zomlomo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungavimbela izinkinga zomlomo noma kuzenze zibe nzima kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezinjengezimbobo, amazinyo aphukile, imiqhele evulekile noma ukugcwaliswa, kanye nesifo sezinsini kungaba kubi kakhulu noma kubangele izinkinga ngesikhathi sokwelapha umdlavuza. Amagciwane ahlala emlonyeni futhi angadala ukutheleleka lapho amasosha omzimba engasebenzi kahle noma lapho isibalo samaseli amhlophe egazi siphansi. Uma izinkinga zamazinyo ziphathwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kungahle kube nezinkinga zomlomo ezimbalwa.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga zomlomo kufaka phakathi ukudla okunempilo, ukunakekelwa okuhle ngomlomo, nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo.

Izindlela zokuvimbela izinkinga zomlomo zifaka okulandelayo:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco. Ukudla okunempilo kungasiza umzimba ukuthi ubhekane nengcindezi yokwelashwa komdlavuza, kukusize ugcine amandla akho, ulwe nokutheleleka, uphinde wakhe izicubu.

• Gcina umlomo namazinyo kuhlanzekile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izimbotshana, izilonda zomlomo, kanye nezifo.

• Yiba nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezempilo yomlomo.

Udokotela wamazinyo kufanele abe yingxenye yethimba lakho lokunakekela umdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukukhetha udokotela wamazinyo onolwazi lokwelapha iziguli ezinezinkinga zomlomo zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yakho yomlomo okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuqale kuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuthi umlomo uphole uma kudingeka umsebenzi wamazinyo. Udokotela wamazinyo uzokwelapha amazinyo anobungozi bokutheleleka noma ukubola. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema isidingo sokwelapha amazinyo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukunakekelwa kokuzivikela kungasiza ekunciphiseni umlomo owomile, okuyinkinga evamile yokwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni.

Ukuvivinywa kwezempilo ngomlomo kuzohlola lokhu okulandelayo:

• Izilonda zomlomo noma izifo.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo.

• Isifo sezinsini.

• Amazinyo okufakelwa angahlali kahle.

• Izinkinga zokuhambisa umhlathi.

• Izinkinga ngezindlala zamathe.

Iziguli ezithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu, ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kufanele kube nohlelo lokunakekelwa ngomlomo ngaphambi kokulashwa.

Umgomo wohlelo lokunakekelwa ngomlomo ukuthola nokwelapha isifo somlomo esingadala izinkinga ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokuqhubeka nokunakekelwa ngomlomo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokubuyiselwa. Izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zomlomo zingavela ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokufakelwa. Izinyathelo zingathathwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukuthi le miphumela emibi izoba nzima kangakanani.

Ukunakekelwa ngomlomo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe kuzoncika kokulandelayo:

• Izidingo ezithile zesiguli.

• Umthamo wemisebe.

• Ingxenye yomzimba iyelashwa.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani.

• Izinkinga ezithile ezenzekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezinomdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo ziyeke ukubhema.

Ukuqhubeka nokubhema ugwayi kunganciphisa ukululama. Kungakhuphula nobungozi bokuthi umdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo uphinde ubuye noma ukuthi umdlavuza wesibili uzokwakheka.

Ukuphatha izingqinamba zomlomo ngesikhathi nangemuva kweChemotherapy noma Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Ukunakekelwa Komlomo Okuvamile

• Ukuhlanzeka kwamazinyo okuhle kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekwehliseni izinkinga.

• Ukunakekelwa nsuku zonke ngomlomo kweziguli ezinomdlavuza kufaka phakathi ukugcina umlomo uhlanzekile nokuba mnene ngezicubu zomlomo.

• I-Oros Mucositis

• I-Oros mucositis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni.

• Ukunakekelwa kwe-mucositis ngesikhathi samakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kubandakanya ukuhlanza umlomo nokuqeda izinhlungu.

• Ubuhlungu

• Zingaba khona izimbangela eziningi zobuhlungu bomlomo ezigulini zomdlavuza.

• Ubuhlungu bomlomo ezigulini zomdlavuza bungabangelwa umdlavuza.

• Ubuhlungu bomlomo bungaba umphumela ohlangothini wokwelashwa.

• Imithi ethile elwa nomdlavuza ingadala ubuhlungu bomlomo.

• Ukugaya amazinyo kungadala ubuhlungu emazinyweni noma emisipheni yomhlathi.

• Ukulawulwa kobuhlungu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.

• Ukutheleleka

• Ukulimala kolwelwesi lomlomo namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kwenza kube lula ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke.

• Ukutheleleka kungabangelwa amagciwane, ukhunta, noma igciwane.

• Ukopha

• Ukopha kungahle kwenzeke lapho izidakamizwa ze-anticancer zenza igazi lingakwazi ukuminyana.

• Iningi leziguli lingaxubha futhi liphephe ngokuphepha ngenkathi ukubalwa kwegazi kuphansi.

• Umlomo Oomile

• Umlomo owomile (xerostomia) wenzeka lapho izindlala zamathe zingenzi amathe anele.

• Izindlala zesalivary zivame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokuphela kwamakhemikhali.

• Izindlala zesalivary kungenzeka zingalulami ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo ngokucophelela kungasiza ekuvikeleni izilonda zomlomo, isifo sezinsini, nokubola kwamazinyo okubangelwa umlomo owomile.

• Ukubola Kwamazinyo

• Nambitha Izinguquko

• Izinguquko ekunambithekeni (i-dysguesia) zivamile ngesikhathi samakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukukhathala

• Ukungondleki

• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla kungaholela ekungondlekeni kahle.

• Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco kungafaka ukudla oketshezi nokondliwa kwamashubhu.

• Ukuqina Komlomo Nemihlathi

• Ukugwinya Izinkinga

• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokugwinya nokungakwazi ukugwinya (i-dysphagia) buvamile ezigulini zomdlavuza ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.

• Inkinga yokugwinya yandisa ubungozi bezinye izinkinga.

• Ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuzothinta ukugwinya kuncike ezintweni eziningana.

• Izinkinga zokugwinya kwesinye isikhathi ziyaphela ngemuva kokwelashwa

• Izinkinga zokugwinya ziphethwe yithimba lochwepheshe.

• Izicubu Nokulahleka Kwamathambo

Ukunakekelwa Komlomo Okuvamile

Ukuhlanzeka kwamazinyo okuhle kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekwehliseni izinkinga.

Kubalulekile ukubhekisisa impilo yomlomo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela, ukuthola, nokuphatha izinkinga ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukugcina umlomo, amazinyo kanye nezinsini kuhlanzekile ngesikhathi sangemva nangemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga ezifana nezimbotshana, izilonda zomlomo, kanye nezifo.

Ukunakekelwa nsuku zonke ngomlomo kweziguli ezinomdlavuza kufaka phakathi ukugcina umlomo uhlanzekile nokuba mnene ngezicubu zomlomo.

Ukunakekelwa ngomlomo kwansuku zonke ngesikhathi samakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:

Ukuxubha amazinyo

• Gcoba amazinyo nezinsini ngebhulashi elithambile amahlandla ama-2 kuye ku-3 ngosuku imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 Qiniseka ukuthi uxubha indawo lapho amazinyo ahlangana khona nezinsini futhi ugeze kaningi.

• Hlanza ibhulashi lamazinyo emanzini ashisayo njalo ngemizuzwana engu-15 kuye kwengu-30 ukuthambisa izihlakala, uma kudingeka.

• Sebenzisa ibhulashi le-foam kuphela uma ibhulashi elithambile lingenakusetshenziswa. Shayela ama-2 kuya kathathu ngosuku bese usebenzisa i-rinse ye-antibacterial. Hlanza kaningi.

• Vumela isixubho somile emoyeni phakathi kokuxubha.

• Sebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha we-fluoride ngokunambitheka okuncane. Ukuvutha kungacasula umlomo, ikakhulukazi ukunambitheka kwe-mint.

• Uma umuthi wokuxubha ucasula umlomo wakho, xubha ngenhlanganisela yesipuni esingu-1/4 sikasawoti engezwe enkomishini eyodwa yamanzi.

Ukuhlanza

• Sebenzisa hlambulula njalo emahoreni amabili ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu emlonyeni. Chaza 1/4 isipuni sikasawoti kanye ne-1/4 isipuni se-baking soda kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi.

• Ukuhlanza ama-antibacterial kungasetshenziswa izikhathi ezimbili noma ezine ngosuku ngesifo sezinsini. Hlanza imizuzu engu-1 kuya kwemibili.

• Uma kuvela umlomo owomile, ukuhlanza kungahle kunganele ukuhlanza amazinyo ngemuva kokudla. Ukuxubha nokubhabha kungadingeka.

Ukuqhuma

Floss ngobumnene kanye ngosuku.

Ukunakekelwa kwezindebe

Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela izindebe, njengokhilimu nge-lanolin, ukuvimbela ukomiswa nokuqhekeka.

Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo

• Shayela futhi ugeze amazinyo okufakelwa nsuku zonke. Sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile noma elenzelwe ukuhlanza amazinyo okufakelwa.

• Hlanza ngesihlanza samazinyo esinconywe udokotela wamazinyo.

• Gcina amazinyo okufakelwa emanzi lapho engagqokiwe. Bafake emanzini noma kwisisombululo sokufaka amazinyo okufakelwa esinconywe udokotela wamazinyo wakho. Ungasebenzisi amanzi ashisayo, angadala ukuthi amazinyo okufakelwa alahlekelwe ukwakheka kwawo.

Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngomlomo ngesikhathi semithi ephezulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell, bheka iManaging Complications of High-Dose Chemotherapy kanye / noma iStem Cell Transplant section yalesi sifinyezo.

I-Oros Mucositis

I-Oros mucositis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni.

Amagama athi "i-oral mucositis" ne "stomatitis" ajwayele ukusetshenziswa endaweni yomunye nomunye, kepha ahlukile.

• I-Oros mucositis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni. Imvamisa ibonakala njengezilonda ezibomvu, ezifana nokusha noma njengezilonda ezinjengezilonda emlonyeni.

• I-Stomatitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nezinye izicubu emlonyeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinsini, ulimi, uphahla nendawo yomlomo, nengaphakathi lezindebe nezihlathi.

I-Mucositis ingabangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy.

• I-Mucositis ebangelwa i-chemotherapy izophola yodwa, imvamisa emavikini amabili kuya kwayi-4 uma kungekho ukutheleleka.

• I-Mucositis ebangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe imvamisa ihlala amasonto ayisithupha kuye kwayisishiyagalombili, kuya ngokuthi isikhathi sokwelashwa besiside kangakanani.

• Ezigulini ezithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu noma i-chemoradiation yokufakelwa kwe-stem cell: I-Mucositis ivame ukuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, futhi ihlala cishe amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Ukubhukuda ama-ice chips emlonyeni imizuzu engama-30, kuqala imizuzu engu-5 ngaphambi kokuba iziguli zithole i-fluorouracil, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-mucositis. Iziguli ezithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu kanye nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell zinganikezwa umuthi wokusiza ukuvimbela i-mucositis noma ukuyigcina ingahlali isikhathi eside.

I-Mucositis ingadala izinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu.

• Ukutheleleka.

• Ukopha, ezigulini ezithola i-chemotherapy. Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuvamile azipheli.

• Inkinga yokuphefumula nokudla.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-mucositis ngesikhathi samakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kubandakanya ukuhlanza umlomo nokuqeda izinhlungu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-mucositis okubangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy kucishe kufane. Ukwelashwa kuya ngesibalo samangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi nokuthi i-mucositis inamandla kangakanani. Okulandelayo izindlela zokwelapha i-mucositis ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe:

Ukuhlanza umlomo

• Hlanza amazinyo nomlomo njalo emahoreni amane nangesikhathi sokulala. Yenza lokhu kaningi uma i-mucositis iba yimbi kakhulu.

• Sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile.

• Shintsha isixubho sakho njalo.

• Sebenzisa i-jelly yokuthambisa encibilikayo emanzini, ukusiza ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.

• Sebenzisa ama-rinses amancane noma amanzi alula. Ukuhlanza njalo kususa izingcezu zokudla namabhaktheriya emlonyeni, kuvimbela ukuqhuma kwezilonda, futhi kuthambisa futhi kuthambise izinsini kanye nolwelwesi lomlomo.

• Uma izilonda zomlomo ziqala ukuqhuma, kungasetshenziswa ukugeza okulandelayo:

• Amaphesenti amathathu e-hydrogen peroxide exutshwe nenani elilinganayo lamanzi noma amanzi anosawoti. Ukwenza ingxube yamanzi anosawoti, faka 1/4 isipuni sikasawoti enkomishini eyodwa yamanzi.

Lokhu akufanele kusetshenziselwe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ngoba kuzogcina i-mucositis ingalapheki.

Ukudambisa ubuhlungu be-mucositis

• Zama imithi yezinhlungu ukuze uthole ubuhlungu. Hlanza umlomo wakho ngaphambi kokufaka umuthi ezinsinini noma ulwelwesi lomlomo. Sula umlomo namazinyo ngobumnene nge-gauze emanzi efakwe emanzini anosawoti ukuze ususe izingcezu zokudla.

• Ama-painkillers angasiza lapho imithi yokwelapha ingasebenzi. Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (i-NSAIDS, amaphilisi ezinhlungu zohlobo lwe-aspirin) akufanele zisetshenziswe yiziguli ezithola i-chemotherapy ngoba zandisa ingozi yokopha.

• Izithako ze-Zinc ezithathwe ngesikhathi sokwelapha ngemisebe zingasiza ekwelapheni ubuhlungu obubangelwa i-mucositis kanye ne-dermatitis (ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba).

• I-Povidone-iodine mouthwash engenalo utshwala ingasiza ukubambezela noma ukwehlisa i-mucositis ebangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Bheka isigaba se-Pain salesi sifinyezo ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokulawulwa kobuhlungu.

Ubuhlungu

Zingaba khona izimbangela eziningi zobuhlungu bomlomo ezigulini zomdlavuza.

Ubuhlungu besiguli somdlavuza bungavela kokulandelayo:

• Umdlavuza.

• Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza.

• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingahlobene nomdlavuza.

Ngoba kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zobuhlungu bomlomo, ukuxilongwa ngokucophelela kubalulekile. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Umlando wezokwelapha.

• Izivivinyo zomzimba nezamazinyo.

• I-X-ray yamazinyo.

Ubuhlungu bomlomo ezigulini zomdlavuza bungabangelwa umdlavuza.

Umdlavuza ungadala ubuhlungu ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:

• Isimila sicindezela ezindaweni eziseduze njengoba sikhula futhi sithinta izinzwa futhi sidale ukuvuvukala.

• Ama-leukemias nama-lymphomas, asakazeka emzimbeni futhi angathinta izindawo ezizwelayo emlonyeni. I-myeloma eminingi ingathinta amazinyo.

• Izicubu zobuchopho zingadala ikhanda.

• Umdlavuza ungasakazeka ekhanda nasentanyeni kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba bese ubangela ubuhlungu bomlomo.

• Ngeminye imidlavuza, ubuhlungu bungazwakala ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezingekho eduze komdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngobuhlungu obuthunyelwe. Izimila zekhala, umphimbo, namaphaphu zingadala ubuhlungu obubhekiswe emlonyeni noma emhlathini.

Ubuhlungu bomlomo bungaba umphumela ohlangothini wokwelashwa.

I-Oral mucositis ingumphumela ohlangothini ovame kakhulu wokwelashwa kwemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ubuhlungu kulwelwesi lwamafinyila buqhubeka okwesikhashana ngisho nangemva kokuphulukiswa kwe-mucositis.

Ukuhlinzwa kungalimaza amathambo, izinzwa, noma izicubu futhi kungadala ubuhlungu. Ama-bisphosphonates, izidakamizwa ezithathwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu bamathambo, kwesinye isikhathi zibanga ukonakala kwethambo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngemuva kwenqubo yamazinyo njengokukhishwa kwezinyo. (Bheka izingqinamba zomlomo ezingahlobene nesigaba se-Chemotherapy noma se-Radiation Therapy salesi sifinyeto ukuthola eminye imininingwane.)

Iziguli ezinokufakelwa zingathuthukisa i-graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Lokhu kungadala ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila nobuhlungu bamalunga. (Bheka Izinkinga Zokulawulwa Komlomo kwe-High-Dose Chemotherapy kanye / noma isigaba se-Stem Cell Transplant salesi sifinyezo ukuthola eminye imininingwane).

Imithi ethile elwa nomdlavuza ingadala ubuhlungu bomlomo.

Uma umuthi we-anticancer ubangela ubuhlungu, ukumisa umuthi kuvame ukuvimba ubuhlungu. Ngoba kungaba nezimbangela eziningi zobuhlungu bomlomo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, ukuxilongwa ngokucophelela kubalulekile. Lokhu kungafaka umlando wezokwelapha, izivivinyo zomzimba nezamazinyo, nama-x-ray amazinyo.

Ezinye iziguli zingaba namazinyo abucayi emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ngemuva kokuphela kwamakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa kwe-fluoride noma umuthi wokuxubha amazinyo azwelayo kungakudambisa ukungakhululeki.

Ukugaya amazinyo kungadala ubuhlungu emazinyweni noma emisipheni yomhlathi.

Ubuhlungu emazinyweni noma emisipheni yomhlathi kungenzeka kwiziguli ezigaya amazinyo noma eziqinisa imihlathi yazo, imvamisa ngenxa yengcindezi noma ukungakwazi ukulala. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuphumuza imisipha, izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukukhathazeka, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba (ukushisa okumanzi, ukubhucungwa, nokunwebeka), nonogada bomlomo abazokugqoka ngenkathi belele.

Ukulawulwa kobuhlungu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.

Ubuhlungu bomlomo nobuso bungathinta ukudla, ukukhuluma, nezinye izinto eziningi ezibandakanya ikhanda, intamo, umlomo nomphimbo. Iningi leziguli ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo zinobuhlungu. Udokotela angacela isiguli ukuthi silinganise ubuhlungu besebenzisa uhlelo lokulinganisa. Lokhu kungaba esikalini kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-10, kuthi i-10 ibe embi kakhulu. Izinga lobuhlungu obuzwayo luthinteka ezintweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zikhulume nodokotela bazo ngobuhlungu.

Ubuhlungu obungalawulwa bungathinta zonke izingxenye zempilo yesiguli. Ubuhlungu bungadala imizwa yokukhathazeka nokudangala, futhi bungavimbela isiguli ekusebenzeni noma ekujabuleleni impilo yansuku zonke nabangane nomndeni. Ubuhlungu bunganciphisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma buholele ezinkingeni ezintsha zomzimba. Ukulawula ubuhlungu bomdlavuza kungasiza isiguli ukuthi sijabulele imikhuba ejwayelekile kanye nempilo engcono.

Ngezinhlungu zomlomo we-mucositis, izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile ziyasetshenziswa. Bona isigaba se-Oral Mucositis salesi sifinyezo ukuthola imininingwane yokuqeda ubuhlungu bomlomo be-mucositis.

Kungasetshenziswa neminye imithi yezinhlungu. Kwesinye isikhathi, kudingeka umuthi wezinhlungu ongaphezu kowodwa. Ama-relaxer emisipha nemithi yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka noma ukuvimbela ukuquleka kungasiza ezinye iziguli. Ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ama-opioid angabekwa.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona izidakamizwa nazo zingasiza, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba.

• TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation).

• Ukufaka amakhaza noma ukushisa.

• I-Hypnosis.

• Ukuthoma. (Bheka isifinyezo se- ku-Acupuncture.)

• Ukuphazamiseka.

• Ukwelashwa kokuphumula noma isithombe.

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo.

• Ukwelashwa komculo noma idrama.

• Ukwelulekwa.

Ukutheleleka

Ukulimala kolwelwesi lomlomo namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kwenza kube lula ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke.

I-mucositis yomlomo iphula ulwelwesi lomlomo, oluvumela amabhaktheriya namagciwane angene egazini. Lapho amasosha omzimba enziwa buthaka ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngisho namagciwane amahle emlonyeni angadala izifo. Amagciwane athathwe esibhedlela noma kwezinye izindawo nawo angadala izifo.

Njengoba isibalo samaseli amhlophe sehla, ukutheleleka kungenzeka kaningi futhi kube kubi kakhulu. Iziguli ezinezibalo eziphansi zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi isikhathi eside zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okunzima. Umlomo owomile, ovame ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda nasentanyeni, nawo ungaphakamisa ubungozi bokutheleleka emlonyeni.

Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okunikezwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kunganciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka emlonyeni, emazinyweni noma ezinsinini.

Ukutheleleka kungabangelwa amagciwane, ukhunta, noma igciwane.

Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezigulini ezinesifo sezinsini futhi zithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu kakhulu kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Usebenzisa ukuhlanza umlomo nomuthi we-peroxide.

• Ukuxubha nokuhlanza.

• Ukugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izifo zefungal

Umlomo ngokujwayelekile uqukethe isikhunta esingahlala noma emgodini womlomo ngaphandle kokubanga izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula ngokweqile (isikhunta esiningi kakhulu emlonyeni kungaba kubi futhi kufanele kulashwe.

Imithi elwa namagciwane kanye nemithi ye-steroid ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho isiguli esithola i-chemotherapy sinesibalo esiphansi samaseli amhlophe egazi. Le mithi iguqula ibhalansi yamagciwane emlonyeni, okwenza kube lula ukukhula kwesikhunta. Futhi, izifo zokukhunta zivamile ezigulini ezelashwa ngemishanguzo yemisebe. Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa komdlavuza zinganikezwa imishanguzo yokusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezifo ezifakwayo.

I-Candidiasis uhlobo lokutheleleka kwefungal oluvamile ezigulini ezithola kokubili i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy. Izimpawu zingafaka ubuhlungu obuvuthayo nezinguquko zokunambitha. Ukwelashwa kwezifo zesikhunta kulwelwesi lomlomo kuphela kungafaka ukuwashwa komlomo nama-lozenges aqukethe imishanguzo yokulwa nobungqabavu. Ukuhlanza okubulala izinhlungu kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukucwilisa amazinyo okufakelwa namadivayisi wamazinyo nokuhlanza umlomo. Izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa lapho u-rinses kanye ne-lozenges bengakususi ukutheleleka kwefungal. Izidakamizwa kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwamafungal.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane

Iziguli ezithola i-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ukutheleleka kwe-Herpesvirus namanye amagciwane afihlekile (akhona emzimbeni kepha angasebenzi noma abangele izimpawu) angahle aqhume. Ukuthola nokwelapha izifo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Ukunikeza imishanguzo yegciwane ngaphambi kokulashwa kunganciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngegciwane.

Ukopha

Ukopha kungahle kwenzeke lapho izidakamizwa ze-anticancer zenza igazi lingakwazi ukuminyana.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuphuza kakhulu kanye nokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kungadala inani eliphansi kunokujwayelekile lezinhlayiya zegazi egazini. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga ngenqubo yokuvala igazi emzimbeni. Ukopha kungahle kube mncane (amabala amancane abomvu ezindebeni, ulwanga oluthambile, noma phansi komlomo) noma aqatha, ikakhulukazi kulayini wezinsini nasezilondweni ezisemlonyeni. Izindawo zesifo sezinsini zingopha zodwa noma lapho zicasulwa ukudla, ukuxubha noma ukuflaza. Lapho ukubalwa kweplatelet kuncane kakhulu, igazi lingase liphume ezinsinini.

Iningi leziguli lingaxubha futhi liphephe ngokuphepha ngenkathi ukubalwa kwegazi kuphansi.

Ukuqhubeka nokunakekelwa ngomlomo njalo kuzosiza ukuvikela izifo ezingenza izinkinga zokopha zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela wezokwelapha angakuchaza ukuthi welashwa kanjani ukopha futhi ugcine umlomo wakho uhlanzekile lapho ukubalwa kweplatelet kuphansi.

Ukwelashwa kokuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Imithi yokwehlisa ukuhamba kwegazi futhi isiza amahlule.

• Imikhiqizo yezihloko ehlanganisa futhi ivale izindawo ezopha.

• Ukuhlanza ngenhlanganisela yamanzi anosawoti kanye ne-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide. (Ingxube kufanele ibe nenani eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu lamanzi anosawoti kune-hydrogen peroxide.) Ukwenza ingxube yamanzi anosawoti, faka 1/4 isipuni sikasawoti enkomishini eyodwa yamanzi. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlanza izilonda emlonyeni. Hlanza ngokucophelela ukuze amahlule angaphazanyiswa.

Umlomo Oomile

Umlomo owomile (xerostomia) wenzeka lapho izindlala zamathe zingenzi amathe anele.

Amathe enziwa yizindlala zamathe. Amathe ayadingeka ukunambitha, ukugwinya nokukhuluma. Kuyasiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka nokubola kwamazinyo ngokuhlanza amazinyo nezinsini nokuvikela i-asidi eningi kakhulu emlonyeni.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungalimaza izindlala zamathe futhi kubangele ukuthi benze amathe amancane kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell nazo zingalimaza izindlala zamathe.

Uma amathe enganele, umlomo uyoma futhi ungakhululeki. Lesi simo sibizwa ngomlomo owomile (xerostomia). Ingozi yokubola kwamazinyo, isifo sezinsini, nokutheleleka iyanda, futhi izinga lempilo yakho liyahlupheka.

Izimpawu zomlomo owomile zifaka okulandelayo:

• Amathe ajiyile, anezintambo.

• Ukoma okwengeziwe.

• Izinguquko kokunambitha, ukugwinya, noma inkulumo.

• Umuzwa obuhlungu noma ovuthayo (ikakhulukazi olimini).

• Ukusika noma imifantu ezindebeni noma emakhoneni omlomo.

• Izinguquko ebusweni bolimi.

• Izinkinga zokugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa.

Izindlala zesalivary zivame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokuphela kwamakhemikhali.

Umlomo owomile obangelwa ngamakhemikhali wokufakelwa kwe-stem cell kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana. Izindlala zesalvary zivame ukubuyela ezinyangeni ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokuphela kwamakhemikhali.

Izindlala zesalivary kungenzeka zingalulami ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Inani lamathe elenziwa yizindlala zamathe ngokuvamile liqala ukwehla kungakapheli isonto eli-1 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni. Iyaqhubeka ukwehla njengoba ukwelashwa kuqhubeka. Ukuthi ukoma kubi kangakanani kuncike kumthamo wemisebe kanye nenani lezindlala zamathe ezithola imisebe.

Izindlala zesalivary zingalulama ngokwengxenye onyakeni wokuqala ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kodwa-ke, ukululama imvamisa akupheleli, ikakhulukazi uma izindlala zamathe zathola imisebe eqondile. Izindlala zesalivary ezingayitholanga imisebe zingaqala zenze amathe amaningi ukwengeza ukulahlekelwa ngamathe kulezi zindlala ezilimele.

Ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo ngokucophelela kungasiza ekuvikeleni izilonda zomlomo, isifo sezinsini, nokubola kwamazinyo okubangelwa umlomo owomile.

Ukunakekelwa komlomo owomile kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Hlanza umlomo namazinyo okungenani amahlandla ama-4 ngosuku.

• I-Floss kanye ngosuku.

• Shayela ngomuthi wokuxubha we-fluoride.

• Faka ijeli ye-fluoride kanye ngosuku ngesikhathi sokulala, ngemuva kokuhlanza amazinyo.

• Hlanza izikhathi ezine kuye kweziyisithupha ngosuku ngenhlanganisela kasawoti nesoda yokubhaka (hlanganisa ½ ithisipuni kasawoti kanye no-½ ithisipuni yokubhaka isoda ku-1 inkomishi yamanzi afudumele).

• Gwema ukudla neziphuzo ezinoshukela omningi kuzo.

• Sip amanzi kaningi ukuze unciphise ukoma komlomo.

Udokotela wamazinyo anganikeza lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlanza ukufaka amaminerali emazinyweni.

• Ukuhlanza ukulwa nokutheleleka emlonyeni.

• Izinto ezithatha amathe noma imithi esiza izindlala zamathe zenze amathe amaningi.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-fluoride ukuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo.

I-acupuncture nayo ingasiza ukukhulula umlomo owomile.

Ukubola Kwamazinyo

Umlomo owomile nezinguquko kubhalansi lamagciwane emlonyeni kwandisa ubungozi bokubola kwamazinyo (izimbotshana). Ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo nokunakekelwa okuvamile ngudokotela wamazinyo kungasiza ukuvimbela izimbotshana. Bheka isigaba Sokunakekelwa Komlomo Okujwayelekile kwalesi sifinyeto ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Nambitha Izinguquko

Izinguquko ekunambithekeni (i-dysguesia) zivamile ngesikhathi samakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Izinguquko kumqondo wokunambitha ziwumphumela ojwayelekile ohlangothini lwazo zombili i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni. Izinguquko zokunambitha zingabangelwa ukulimala amaqabunga okunambitha, umlomo owomile, ukutheleleka, noma izinkinga zamazinyo. Ukudla kungabonakala kunganambitheki noma kungahle kunganambitheki ngendlela abenza ngayo ngaphambi kokwelashwa komdlavuza. Imisebe ingadala ushintsho kokuthandwayo okumnandi, okumuncu, okumunyu, nosawoti. Izidakamizwa ze-Chemotherapy zingadala ukunambitheka okungathandeki.

Ezigulini eziningi ezithola i-chemotherapy kanti kwezinye iziguli zithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukunambitheka kubuyela kokujwayelekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini eziningi zokwelashwa ngemisebe, ushintsho luhlala njalo. Kwabanye, amahlumela wokunambitha angalulama emavikini ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe. Izithako ze-zinc sulfate zingasiza ezinye iziguli ukuthi zithole umuzwa wazo wokunambitha.

Ukukhathala

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza ezithola i-chemotherapy ephezulu noma i-radiation therapy zivame ukukhathala (ukungabi namandla). Lokhu kungabangelwa umdlavuza noma ukwelashwa kwawo. Ezinye iziguli zingaba nezinkinga zokulala. Iziguli zingazizwa zikhathele kakhulu ukunakekelwa ngomlomo njalo, okungakhuphula ingozi yezilonda zomlomo, ukutheleleka nobuhlungu. (Bheka isifinyezo se- mayelana nokukhathala ukuthola eminye imininingwane.)

Ukungondleki

Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla kungaholela ekungondlekeni kahle.

Iziguli ezilashelwa umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo zisengozini enkulu yokungondleki. Umdlavuza uqobo, ukungondleki kahle ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, kanye nezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni, ekwelashweni ngemisebe, nakwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungaholela ezinkingeni zokudla. Iziguli zingalahlekelwa isifiso sokudla ngenxa yokuhlanza, ukuhlanza, inkinga yokugwinya, izilonda emlonyeni, noma umlomo owomile. Lapho ukudla kubanga ukungaphatheki kahle noma ubuhlungu, izinga lempilo lesiguli nenhlalakahle yezomsoco kuyabuna. Okulandelayo kungasiza iziguli ezinomdlavuza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zokudla:

• Phaka ukudla okuqoshiwe, okugayiwe, noma okuhlanganisiwe, ukunciphisa isikhathi esidinga ukuhlala emlonyeni ngaphambi kokugwinywa.

• Yidla ukudla okulula okuphakathi kokudla ukuze ungeze ama-calories nezakhamzimba.

• Yidla ukudla okunama-calories amaningi namaprotheni.

• Thatha izithasiselo ukuze uthole amavithamini, amaminerali, namakhalori.

Ukuhlangana nomeluleki wezokudla kungasiza ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.

Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco kungafaka ukudla oketshezi nokondliwa kwamashubhu.

Iziguli eziningi ezilashelwa umdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo othola ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuphela ziyakwazi ukudla ukudla okuthambile. Njengoba ukwelashwa kuqhubeka, iziguli eziningi zizofaka noma zishintshele ku-high-calories, iziphuzo ezinamaprotheni amaningi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zokudla. Ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukuthola oketshezi ngepayipi elifakwa esiswini noma emathunjini amancane. Cishe zonke iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni ngasikhathi sinye kuzodinga ukufakwa kwamashubhu kungakapheli amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iziguli zenza kangcono uma ziqala lokhu kuphakelwa ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, ngaphambi kokuba kwehle isisindo.

Ukudla okujwayelekile ngomlomo kungaphinde kuqale lapho ukwelashwa sekuphelile futhi indawo ethole imisebe yelashwa. Ithimba elifaka inkulumo kanye nodokotela abagwinya lingasiza iziguli ngokubuyela ekudleni okujwayelekile. Ukondliwa kwamashubhu kuyehla njengoba ukudla ngomlomo kukhuphuka, futhi kumiswa lapho ukwazi ukuthola izakhamzimba ezanele ngomlomo. Yize iziguli eziningi zizophinde zikwazi ukudla ukudla okuqinile, eziningi zizoba nezinkinga ezihlala njalo njengokushintsha kokunambitha, umlomo owomile, nenkinga yokugwinya.

Ukuqina Komlomo Nemihlathi

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kungathinta amandla okuhambisa imihlathi, umlomo, intamo nolimi. Kungaba nezinkinga ngokugwinya. Ukuqina kungabangelwa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo.

• Imiphumela yamuva yokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwanda kwezicubu ezinemicu (i-fibrosis) esikhunjeni, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, imisipha namalunga omhlathi kungenzeka ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa umdlavuza nokwelashwa kwawo.

Ukuqina komhlathi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungondleki kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile.

• Ukuphulukiswa kancane nokululama ekudleni okungenampilo.

• Izinkinga zamazinyo ngokwehluleka ukuhlanza amazinyo nezinsini kahle futhi zinezindlela zokwelashwa kwamazinyo.

• Imisipha yomhlathi ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokungazisebenzisi.

• Izinkinga ezingokomzwelo ekugwemeni ukuxhumana nabanye ngenxa yenkinga yokukhuluma nokudla.

Ingozi yokuba nokuqina komhlathi ekwelashweni ngemisebe inyuka ngamanani aphezulu emisebe kanye nangokwelapha ngemisebe okuphindaphindiwe. Ukuqina kuvame ukuqala ngesikhathi sokuphela kokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kungase kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ihlale injalo, noma ibe ngcono yodwa. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha okukhulu ukugcina isimo singabi sibi noma sibe ngunaphakade. Ukwelashwa kungafaka okulandelayo

• Amadivayisi wezokwelapha ngomlomo.

• Ukwelashwa kobuhlungu.

• Umuthi wokuphumuza imisipha.

• Ukuzivocavoca kwemihlathi.

• Imithi yokwelapha ukudangala.

Ukugwinya Izinkinga

Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokugwinya nokungakwazi ukugwinya (i-dysphagia) buvamile ezigulini zomdlavuza ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.

Izinkinga zokugwinya zivamile ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza efana ne-mucositis yomlomo, umlomo owomile, ukulimala kwesikhumba emisebeni, izifo, kanye ne-graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) konke kungadala izinkinga ngokugwinya.

Inkinga yokugwinya yandisa ubungozi bezinye izinkinga.

Ezinye izinkinga zingakhula ngokungakwazi ukugwinya futhi lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokuphila lesiguli:

• I-pneumonia nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula: Iziguli ezinenkinga yokugwinya zingase zifune (ukuhogela ukudla noma uketshezi emaphashini) lapho zizama ukudla noma ukuphuza. Ukuphefumula kungaholela ezimeni ezinzima, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia nokwehluleka ukuphefumula.

• Ukungondleki kahle: Ukungakwazi ukugwinya ngokujwayelekile kwenza kube nzima ukudla kahle. Ukungondleki kwenzeka lapho umzimba ungazitholi zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo empilweni. Amanxeba ayaphola kancane futhi umzimba awukwazi ukulwa nezifo.

• Isidingo sokondla ngamashubhu: Isiguli esingakwazi ukuthatha ukudla okwanele ngomlomo singaphakelwa ngepayipi. Ithimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo nodokotela wezokudla obhalisiwe bangachaza izinzuzo nobungozi bokuphakelwa ngamapayipi eziguli ezinezinkinga zokugwinya.

• Imiphumela emibi yomuthi wezinhlungu: Ama-opioid asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukugwinya okubuhlungu angadala umlomo owomile nokuqunjelwa.

• Izinkinga ezingokomzwelo: Ukwehluleka ukudla, ukuphuza nokukhuluma ngendlela ejwayelekile kungadala ukucindezeleka kanye nesifiso sokugwema abanye abantu.

Ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuzothinta ukugwinya kuncike ezintweni eziningana.

Okulandelayo kungathinta ubungozi bokugwinya izinkinga ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe:

• Inani eliphelele kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukweqiwa okuphezulu esikhathini esifushane kuvame ukuba nemiphumela emibi eminingi.

• Indlela okunikezwa ngayo imisebe. Ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe zenza umonakalo omncane ezicutshini ezinempilo.

• Noma ngabe i-chemotherapy inikezwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ingozi yemiphumela emibi iyakhuliswa uma bobabili benikezwa.

• Izakhi zofuzo zesiguli.

• Ukuthi isiguli sithatha noma yikuphi ukudla ngomlomo noma kuphela ngokudla nge-tube.

• Ukuthi isiguli siyabhema yini.

• Isiguli sibhekana kahle kanjani nezinkinga.

Izinkinga zokugwinya kwesinye isikhathi ziyaphela ngemuva kokwelashwa

Eminye imiphumela emibi iyaphela zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu ukwelashwa kuphelile, kanti iziguli ziyakwazi ukugwinya ngokujwayelekile futhi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingadala ukulimala unomphela noma imiphumela yamuva.

Imiphumela yamuva izinkinga zezempilo ezenzeka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Izimo ezingadala izinkinga zokugwinya unomphela noma imiphumela yamuva zifaka:

• Imithambo yegazi elimele.

• Ukulahla izicubu ezindaweni eziphathwayo.

• I-Lymphedema (i-lymph eyakhiwe emzimbeni).

• Ukwanda kwezicubu ezinemicu ekhanda noma ezindaweni zentamo, okungaholela ekuqineni komhlathi.

• Umlomo owomile ongapheli.

• Izifo.

Izinkinga zokugwinya ziphethwe yithimba lochwepheshe.

I-oncologist isebenza nabanye ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo abagxile ekwelapheni umdlavuza wekhanda nowentamo kanye nezinkinga zomlomo zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Lezi zingcweti zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Ochwepheshe bokukhuluma: Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo angahlola ukuthi isiguli sigwinya kahle kanjani anikeze isiguli ukwelashwa kokugwinya nolwazi ukuze aqonde kangcono inkinga.

• I-Dietitian: Isazi sokudla singasiza ukuhlela indlela ephephile yesiguli yokuthola umsoco odingekayo empilweni ngenkathi ukugwinya kuyinkinga.

• Uchwepheshe wamazinyo: Miselela amazinyo alahlekile nendawo yomlomo eyonakele ngezinto zokwenziwa ukusiza ukugwinya.

• Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo: Ezigulini okunzima ukuzivumelanisa nokungakwazi ukugwinya nokudla ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kungasiza.

Izicubu Nokulahleka Kwamathambo

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungabhubhisa imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwethambo. Lokhu kungabulala izicubu zethambo futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwamathambo noma ekutheleleni. Imisebe nayo ingabulala izicubu emlonyeni. Izilonda zingakha, zikhule, futhi zibangele ubuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, noma ukutheleleka.

Ukunakekelwa kokuvikela kungenza ukulahleka kwezicubu namathambo kube nzima kakhulu.

Okulandelayo kungasiza ekuvikeleni nasekwelapheni ukulahleka kwezicubu namathambo:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.

• Gqoka amazinyo okufakelwa noma izinto ezisuswayo kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Ungabhemi.

• Ungaphuzi utshwala.

• Sebenzisa ama-antibiotics.

• Sebenzisa amaphilisi ezinhlungu njengoba kunqunyiwe.

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ithambo elifile noma ukwakha kabusha amathambo omlomo kanye nomhlathi.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperbaric oxygen (indlela esebenzisa umoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ukusiza amanxeba aphole).

Bona isifinyezo se- ku-Nutrition in Cancer Care ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokuphatha izilonda zomlomo, umlomo owomile, kanye nezinguquko zokunambitha.

Ukuphatha izingqinamba zomlomo ze-High-Dose Chemotherapy kanye / noma iStem Cell Transplant

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Iziguli ezithola ukufakelwa zinobungozi obukhulayo besifo se-graft-versus-host.

• Amadivayisi omlomo adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi semithi ephezulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye / noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell.

• Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo nezinsini kubalulekile ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy noma se-stem cell transplant.

• Imithi neqhwa kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-mucositis kusuka ekufakweni kwe-stem cell.

• Ukwelashwa kwamazinyo kungamiswa kuze kube yilapho amasosha omzimba esiguli ebuyela kokujwayelekile.

Iziguli ezithola ukufakelwa zinobungozi obukhulayo besifo se-graft-versus-host.

Isifo se-Graft-versus-host (GVHD) senzeka lapho izicubu zakho ziphendula umnkantsha noma amaseli ama-stem avela kumnikeli. Izimpawu ze-GVHD yomlomo zifaka okulandelayo:

• Izilonda ezibomvu futhi zinezilonda, ezivela emlonyeni emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokufakelwa.

• Umlomo owomile.

• Ubuhlungu obuvela ezinongo, utshwala, noma ukunambitheka (okufana ne-mint kumuthi wokuxubha).

• Izinkinga zokugwinya.

• Umuzwa wokuqina esikhunjeni noma ulwelwesi lomlomo.

• Nambitha izinguquko.

Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziphathwe ngoba zingaholela ekunciphiseni isisindo noma ukungondleki. Ukwelashwa kwe-GVHD yomlomo kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlanza ngezihloko, ama-gel, okhilimu, noma izimpushana.

• Izidakamizwa ezibulala izinhlungu ezithathwa ngomlomo noma ngomjovo.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Psoralen ne-ultraviolet A (PUVA).

• Izidakamizwa ezisiza izindlala zamathe zenza amathe amaningi.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-fluoride.

• Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni samaminerali alahlekile emazinyweni yi-acid emlonyeni.

Amadivayisi omlomo adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi semithi ephezulu yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye / noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell.

Okulandelayo kungasiza ekunakekelweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamazinyo okufakelwa, izinsimbi zokubopha, namanye amadivayisi omlomo ngesikhathi semithi ephezulu yamakhemikhali noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell:

• Yiba nabakaki, izintambo, kanye nokugcina okususiwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-chemotherapy ephezulu.

• Gqoka amazinyo okufakelwa kuphela lapho udla phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane okuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha.

• Shayela amazinyo okufakelwa kabili ngosuku bese uwahlanza kahle.

• Cwilisa amazinyo okufakelwa kusisombululo se-antibacterial lapho engagqokiwe.

• Hlanza amazinyo okufakelwa afakwe ezinkomishini nokushintsha isisombululo sokufaka amazinyo nsuku zonke.

• Susa amazinyo okufakelwa noma amanye amadivayisi omlomo lapho uhlanza umlomo wakho.

• Qhubeka nokunakekelwa kwakho ngomlomo njalo izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezi-4 ngosuku ngamazinyo okufakelwa noma amanye amadivayisi aphuma emlonyeni.

• Uma unezilonda zomlomo, gwema ukusebenzisa amadivaysi omlomo asuswayo kuze kube yilapho izilonda sezipholile.

Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo nezinsini kubalulekile ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy noma se-stem cell transplant.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho wezokwelapha noma udokotela wamazinyo ngendlela engcono yokunakekela umlomo wakho ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy ephezulu kanye nokufakelwa kweseli. Ukuxubha ngokucophelela nokusakaza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwezicubu zomlomo. Okulandelayo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka futhi kunciphise ukungaphatheki kahle kwezicubu zomlomo:

• Gcoba amazinyo nge-soft-bristle brush izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ngosuku. Qiniseka ukuthi uxubha indawo lapho amazinyo ahlangana khona nezinsini.

• Hlanza ibhulashi lamazinyo emanzini ashisayo njalo ngemizuzwana engu-15 kuye kwengu-30 ukuze ugcine izihlakala zithambile.

• Hlanza umlomo wakho izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngenkathi uxubha.

• Gwema ukuhlanza okunotshwala.

• Sebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha onambitheka kancane.

• Vumela isixubho somile emoyeni phakathi kokusebenzisa.

• I-Floss ngokusho kwezikhombisi zikadokotela wakho wezokwelapha noma zamazinyo.

• Hlanza umlomo emva kokudla.

• Sebenzisa ama-foam swabs ukuhlanza ulimi nophahla lomlomo.

• Gwema okulandelayo:

• Ukudla okubabayo noma okune-asidi.

• Ukudla "okunzima" okungacasula noma kuphule isikhumba emlonyeni wakho, njengama-chips.

• Ukudla okushisayo neziphuzo.

Imithi neqhwa kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-mucositis kusuka ekufakweni kwe-stem cell.

Imithi inganikezwa ukusiza ukuvimbela izilonda zomlomo noma ukusiza umlomo welaphe ngokushesha uma ilinyazwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe. Futhi, ukubamba ama-ice chips emlonyeni ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy ephezulu, kungasiza ukuvimbela izilonda zomlomo.

Ukwelashwa kwamazinyo kungamiswa kuze kube yilapho amasosha omzimba esiguli ebuyela kokujwayelekile.

Imithi ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwamazinyo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza nokupholisha, kufanele ilinde kuze kube yilapho amasosha omzimba wesiguli efakelwa abuyela kokujwayelekile. Amasosha omzimba angathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuye kweziyishumi nambili ukuthi alulame ngemuva kokufakwa kwamakhemikhali aphezulu kanye nokufakelwa kweseli. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingozi yezinkinga zomlomo iphezulu. Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa kwamazinyo, kunikezwa ama-antibiotic nokunakekelwa okusekelayo.

Ukunakekelwa okusekela ngaphambi kwezinqubo zomlomo kungabandakanya ukunikela ngama-antibiotic noma i-immunoglobulin G, ukulungisa imithamo ye-steroid, kanye / noma ukumpontshelwa iplatelet.

Izinkinga zomlomo kumdlavuza wesibili

Abasindile bomdlavuza abathole ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukufakelwa okuthile noma abathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe basengozini yokuba nomdlavuza wesibili kamuva ekuphileni. Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana omlomo omlomo uwumdlavuza wesibili womlomo ojwayelekile kakhulu ekufakeleni iziguli. Izindebe nolimi yizindawo ezithinteka kakhulu.

Umdlavuza wesibili uvame kakhulu ezigulini ezelashwa i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, iziguli eziningi ze-myeloma ezithola ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell zisebenzisa ama-stem cell azo kwesinye isikhathi ziba ne-plasmacytoma yomlomo.

Iziguli ezitholwe ukufakelwa kufanele zibonane nodokotela uma zinezimpawu zokuvuvukala noma izigaxa ezindaweni ezithambile zezicubu. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesibili.

Izinkinga Zomlomo Azihlobene Ne-Chemotherapy noma Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe

AMAPHUZU ASEMQOKA

• Izidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izinkinga zamathambo zixhunyaniswe nokulahleka kwamathambo emlonyeni.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-ONJ kuvame ukufaka ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nokuhlanzeka kwamazinyo okuhle.

Izidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izinkinga zamathambo zixhunyaniswe nokulahleka kwamathambo emlonyeni.

Ezinye izidakamizwa zidiliza izicubu zamathambo emlonyeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-osteonecrosis yomhlathi (ONJ). I-ONJ nayo ingadala ukutheleleka. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu nezilonda ezivuthayo emlonyeni, lapho kungabonakala khona izindawo zethambo elonakele.

Izidakamizwa ezingadala i-ONJ zifaka okulandelayo:

• Ama-bisphosphonates: Izidakamizwa ezinikezwa ezinye iziguli ezinomdlavuza osakaze emathanjeni. Zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nengozi yamathambo aphukile. Ama-bisphosphonates nawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini). Ama-bisphosphonates asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-zoledronic acid, i-pamidronate ne-alendronate.

• I-Denosumab: Isidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinkinga ezithile zethambo. I-Denosumab uhlobo lwe-anti-monoclonal antibody.

• Ama-angiogenesis inhibitors: Izidakamizwa noma izinto ezigcina imithambo yegazi emisha ingakhiwa. Ekwelapheni umdlavuza, ama-angiogenesis inhibitors angavimbela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha okudingeka ukuthi izimila zikhule. Amanye ama-angiogenesis inhibitors angadala i-ONJ yi-bevacizumab, sunitinib, ne-sorafenib.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ithimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo lazi ukuthi ngabe isiguli selashwe ngayo le mithi. Umdlavuza osabalele emhlathini ungabukeka njenge-ONJ. Kungadingeka i-biopsy ukuthola imbangela ye-ONJ.

I-ONJ ayisona isimo esivamile. Kwenzeka kaningi ezigulini ezithola ama-bisphosphonates noma i-denosumab ngomjovo kuneziguli eziziphuzayo ngomlomo. Ukuthatha ama-bisphosphonates, i-denosumab, noma i-angiogenesis inhibitors kwandisa ingozi ye-ONJ. Ingozi ye-ONJ inkulu kakhulu lapho ama-angiogenesis inhibitors nama-bisphosphonates asetshenziswa ndawonye.

Okulandelayo kungakhuphula nobungozi be-ONJ:

• Kususwe amazinyo.

• Ukugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa angahlali kahle.

• Ukuba ne-myeloma eminingi.

Iziguli ezine-metastases yamathambo zinganciphisa ingozi yazo ye-ONJ ngokuhlolelwa nokwelashwa ngezinkinga zamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwelashwa kwe-bisphosphonate noma i-denosumab.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ONJ kuvame ukufaka ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nokuhlanzeka kwamazinyo okuhle.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ONJ kungafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukususa izicubu ezinesifo, okungafaka ithambo. Kungasetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa nge-Laser.

• Ukuxegisa imiphetho ebukhali yethambo eliveziwe.

• Kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotics ukulwa nokutheleleka.

• Usebenzisa ukuhlanza umlomo ngomlomo.

• Usebenzisa umuthi wezinhlungu.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-ONJ, kufanele uqhubeke nokuxubha nokubhabha ngemuva kokudla ukugcina umlomo wakho uhlanzekile kakhulu. Kungcono ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi ngenkathi i-ONJ iselapha.

Wena nodokotela wakho ninganquma ukuthi kufanele yini niyeke ukusebenzisa imishanguzo edala i-ONJ, ngokuya ngomphumela ebizoba nawo empilweni yakho jikelele.

Izinkinga zomlomo nezinkinga zomphakathi

Izinkinga zenhlalo ezihlobene nezinkinga zomlomo kungaba yinkinga enzima kakhulu kwiziguli ezinomdlavuza ukubhekana nazo. Izinkinga zomlomo zithinta ukudla nokukhuluma futhi kungenza ukuthi ungakwazi noma ungafuni ukubamba iqhaza ngezikhathi zokudla noma ukuphuma. Iziguli zingakhungatheka, zihoxe, noma zicindezeleke, futhi zingabagwema abanye abantu. Eminye imishanguzo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukudangala ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngoba ingenza izinkinga zomlomo zibe zimbi kakhulu. Bona izifinyezo ezilandelayo ze- ukuthola eminye imininingwane:

• Ukulungiswa Komdlavuza: Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka

• Ukucindezeleka

Imfundo, ukunakekelwa okusekelwayo, kanye nokwelashwa kwezimpawu kubalulekile ezigulini ezinezinkinga zomlomo ezihlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza. Iziguli zibhekwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yobuhlungu, amandla okubhekana nazo, nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo okuvela kubahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nomndeni kungasiza isiguli ukubhekana nomdlavuza kanye nezinkinga zawo.

Izinkinga zomlomo ze-Chemotherapy kanye ne-Radiation Therapy ezinganeni

Izingane ezathola i-chemotherapy ephezulu noma i-radiation therapy ekhanda nasentanyeni kungenzeka zingakhuli ngokwanele nokuthuthuka kwamazinyo. Amazinyo amasha angavela sekwephuzile noma cha, futhi usayizi wamazinyo angaba mancane kunokujwayelekile. Inhloko nobuso kungenzeka kungakhuli ngokugcwele. Izinguquko zivame ukufana ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda futhi azibonakali njalo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Orthodontic yeziguli ezinalokhu kukhula kwamazinyo kanye nemiphumela emibi yokuthuthuka kuyacwaningwa.