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Unyango lweVulvar Cancer (®) –uPawu lwePatient

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nomhlaza weVulvar

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Umhlaza weVulvar sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zenzeka kwizicubu zomzimba wobufazi.
  • Ukuba ne-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia okanye usulelo lwe-HPV kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza.
  • Iimpawu zomhlaza we-vulvar zibandakanya ukopha okanye ukurhawuzelela kwindawo ye-vulvar.
  • Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-vulva lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.
  • Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Umhlaza weVulvar sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zenzeka kwizicubu zomzimba wobufazi.

Iifom zomhlaza weVulvar kwilungu lobufazi lobufazi. I-vulva ibandakanya:

  • Imilebe yangaphakathi nangaphandle yelungu lobufazi.
  • Clitoris (izicwili ezibuthathaka phakathi kwemilebe).
  • Ukuvulwa kwelungu lobufazi kunye namadlala alo.
  • I-Mons pubis (indawo ejikeleziweyo phambi kwamathambo e-pubic egutyungelwa ziinwele xa ufikisa).
  • IPerineum (indawo ephakathi kwe-vulva kunye ne-anus).
I-anatomy yelungu lobufazi. I-vulva ibandakanya i-mons pubis, i-clitoris, ukuvulwa kwe-urethral, ​​imilebe yangaphakathi nangaphandle yelungu lobufazi, ukuvulwa kwesini kunye ne-perineum.

Umhlaza weVulvar uhlala uchaphazela imilebe yangaphandle yelungu lobufazi. Ngaphantsi kakhulu, umhlaza uchaphazela imilebe yangaphakathi yelungu lobufazi, iklitorisi, okanye amadlala obufazi.

Umhlaza weVulvar uhlala uvela kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi. Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokukhula kumphezulu wesikhumba se-vulvar ixesha elide. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba i-VIN ibe ngumhlaza we-vulvar, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane unyango.

Ukuba ne-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia okanye usulelo lwe-HPV kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza.

Nantoni na eyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini. Imiba yomngcipheko womhlaza we-vulvar ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukwaluphala.
  • Ukuba nosulelo lomntu lwe-papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Ukuba ne-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).
  • Ukuba nembali yeemfazwe zesisu.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo.
  • Ukuba neentlobano zesini zokuqala usemncinci.
  • Ukuba nembali yovavanyo lwePap olungaqhelekanga (Pap smears).

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-vulvar zibandakanya ukopha okanye ukurhawuzelela kwindawo ye-vulvar.

Umhlaza weVulvar uhlala ungazibonakalisi iimpawu okanye iimpawu zokuqala. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza we-vulvar okanye ngezinye iimeko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Isigaxa okanye ukukhula kwilungu lobufazi elijongeka njengentsumpa okanye isilonda.
  • Ukutshiza kwindawo ye-vulvar engahambiyo.
  • Ukopha okungahambelani nokuya exesheni (amaxesha).
  • Intlungu kwindawo ye-vulvar.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-vulva lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

  • Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga ukungcola kweempawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.
  • Uvavanyo lwePelvic: Uvavanyo lwelungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, isibeleko, iityhubhu zesibeleko, ii-ovari, kunye neethanga. I-speculum ifakwe kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ugqirha okanye umongikazi ujonga kwilungu lobufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ngeempawu zesifo. Uvavanyo lomlomo womlomo wesibeleko luqhele ukwenziwa. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwengeza into enye okanye emibini ethanjisiweyo, iminwe egotyiweyo yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi aze abeke esinye isandla phezu kwesisu esisezantsi ukuva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwangenisa umnwe othanjisiweyo, ofakwe iglavu kwi-rectum ukuze uve amaqhuma okanye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga.
Uvavanyo lwePelvic. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ufaka i-lubricated, iiglavu zeminwe yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ucinezela emazantsi esisu ngesinye isandla. Oku kwenzelwa ukuziva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ilungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, imibhobho yesibeleko, kunye nomqolo nawo ayajongwa.
  • Uvavanyo lwePap: Inkqubo yokuqokelela iiseli kumphezulu womlomo wesibeleko nakwilungu lobufazi. Isiqwenga somqhaphu, ibrashi, okanye intonga encinci esetyenziselwa ukukrwela ngobunono iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko kunye nelungu lobufazi. Iiseli zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumanisa ukuba aziqhelekanga.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-human papillomavirus (HPV): Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-DNA okanye i-RNA kwiintlobo ezithile zosulelo lwe-HPV. Iiseli ziqokelelwa kwilungu lobufazi kunye ne-DNA okanye i-RNA evela kwiiseli zijongwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba usulelo lubangelwa luhlobo lwe-papillomavirus yomntu enxulunyaniswa nomhlaza we-vulvar. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iisampulu zeeseli ezisuswe ngexesha lovavanyo lwePap. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kwakhona ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap zibonisa iiseli ezithile ezingaqhelekanga ze-vulvar.
  • Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili kwilungu lobufazi ukuze zibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza.
  • IColposcopy: Inkqubo apho icolposcope (isixhobo esikhanyisiweyo nesikhulisayo) isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Iisampuli zethishu zinokuthathwa kusetyenziswa isiciko sokunyanga (isixhobo esimilise okwecephe) okanye ibrashi kwaye ihlolwe ngemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).
  • Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.
  • Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

  • Nokuba umhlaza unwenwele kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Nokuba umhlaza unwenwele kwii-lymph node.
  • Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Amanqanaba omhlaza weVulvar

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe umhlaza we-vulvar, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Kwi-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kumphezulu wolusu lwe-vulvar.
  • La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza we-vulvar:
  • Inqanaba I
  • Inqanaba II
  • Inqanaba III
  • Inqanaba IV
  • Umhlaza we-vulvar oqhelekileyo ngumhlaza ophindaphindiweyo (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe umhlaza we-vulvar, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yistage. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubeka esiteji:

  • ICystoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwesinyi kunye nerethra ukujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-cystoscope ifakwe kwi-urethra kwisinyi. I-cystoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kweempawu zomhlaza.
  • Iproctoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwi-rectum kunye ne-anus ukujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga, usebenzisa iproctoscope. Iproctoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinesibane kunye neelensi zokujonga ngaphakathi kwe-rectum kunye ne-anus. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.
  • I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Ukuya kwinqanaba lomhlaza we-vulvar, i-x-ray inokuthathwa kumalungu kunye namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba.
  • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): Uthotho lwee-x-reyi zezintso, ureters, kunye nesinyi ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza unwenwele na kula malungu. Idayi eyahlukileyo itofelwe emthanjeni. Njengoko idayi eyahlukileyo ihamba ngezintso, i-ureters kunye ne-bladder, ii-ray-ray zithathwa ukubona ukuba akukho zibhloka na. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-intravenous urography.
  • I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili kwisinyi okanye kumqolo ukuze zijongwe ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza, ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba umhlaza unwenwele apho.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza we-vulvar usasazeka emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziyiseli zomhlaza we-vulvar. Esi sifo ngumhlaza we-metastatic vulvar cancer, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Kwi-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kumphezulu wolusu lwe-vulvar.

Ezi iiseli zingaqhelekanga azingomhlaza. IVulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) inokuba ngumhlaza kwaye isasazeka nakwizicubu ezikufutshane. I-VIN ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba sisigaba 0 okanye i-carcinoma in situ.

La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza we-vulvar:

Inqanaba I

Kwinqanaba I, umhlaza wenziwe. Ithumba lifunyanwa kuphela kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwi-perineum (indawo phakathi kwesikali kunye nelungu lobufazi). Inqanaba I lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba IA kunye ne-IB.

Ubungakanani beethumba zihlala zilinganiswa ngeesentimitha (cm) okanye ii-intshi. Ukutya okuqhelekileyo okunokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubungakanani bethumba nge-cm kubandakanya: ipea (1 cm), ipeanut (2 cm), umdiliya (3 cm), i-walnut (4 cm), ikalika (5 cm okanye 2) I-intshi), iqanda (i-6 cm), ipesika (i-7 cm), kunye ne-grapefruit (i-10 cm okanye ii-intshi ezine).
  • Kwinqanaba le-IA, ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye lincinci kwaye lisasazeke ngemilimitha enye okanye ngaphantsi kwithishu yelungu lomzimba lobufazi okanye lomhlathana. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IB, ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2 okanye lisasazeke ngaphezulu kwe-1 millimeter kwinyama ye-vulva okanye i-perineum. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.
Iimilimitha (mm). Indawo ebukhali yepensile imalunga ne-1 mm, indawo entsha yekhrayoni imalunga ne-2 mm, kwaye irabha entsha yeepensile imalunga ne-5 mm.

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba II, ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye bunwenwele kwinxalenye engezantsi ye-urethra, ezantsi kwilungu lobufazi, okanye kwi-anus. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.

Inqanaba III

Kwinqanaba le-III, ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye inokuthi isasazeke kwindawo esezantsi ye-urethra, ezantsi kwilungu lobufazi, okanye kwi-anus. Umhlaza uye wanwenwela kwenye okanye kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Inqanaba III lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba IIIA, IIIB, kunye IIIC.

  • Kwinqanaba le-IIIA, umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-1 okanye 2 ye-lymph node ezincinci kune-5 millimeters okanye kwi-lymph node enye eyi-5 millimeters okanye enkulu.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IIIB, umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-2 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-lymph node ezi-5 millimeters okanye ezinkulu, okanye kwi-3 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-lymph nodes ezincinci kune-5 millimeters.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IIIC, umhlaza ufumaneka kwii-lymph node kwaye usasazekile kumphandle wenkovu.

Inqanaba IV

Kwinqanaba IV, ithumba linwenwele kwinxalenye ephezulu yomchamo, kwinxalenye ephezulu yelungu lobufazi, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Isigaba IV sahlulwe sangamanqanaba e-IVA kunye ne-IVB.

  • Kwinqanaba le-IVA:
  • umhlaza usasazeke kwilaphu lomchamo ongaphezulu, kwilungu lobufazi elingaphezulu, kwisinyi, okanye kwi-rectum, okanye unamathele kwithambo le-pelvic; okanye
  • Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikufuphi ze-lymph node kwaye ii-lymph node azishukumi okanye zenze isilonda.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IVB, umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node kwi-pelvis okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza we-vulvar oqhelekileyo ngumhlaza ophindaphindiweyo (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Umhlaza ungabuya ubuye kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza we-vulvar.
  • Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:
  • Ugqirha
  • Unyango ngemitha
  • Unyango ngamayeza
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
  • Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Unyango lomhlaza we-vulvar lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.
  • Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza we-vulvar.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza we-vulvar. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando lolona nyango luxhaphakileyo lwe-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) kunye nomhlaza womhlaza.

Enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokwenziwa kunyango lwe-VIN:

  • Ukwahlula okwahlukileyo kwesilonda: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa isilonda sokukhathazeka.
  • Ukusikwa okubanzi kwendawo: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa indawo yesikhumba echatshazelwe yi-VIN kunye nezinye izicwili eziqhelekileyo ezingqonge yona.
  • Utyando lwe-Laser: Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa umqadi we-laser (umqadi omxinwa wokukhanya okukhulu) njengemela yokusika ngaphandle kwegazi kwizicwili okanye ukususa isilonda somhlaba esifana nethumba.
  • Umnqweno woqhaqho lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo yotyando lokophula ithumba libe ngamaqhekeza amancinci usebenzisa ukungcangcazela okuhle kakhulu. Iziqwenga ezincinci zethumba ziyahlanjwa kwaye zisuswe ngokufunxa. Le nkqubo ibangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezikufutshane.
  • Ulusu vulvectomy: Uluhlu oluphezulu lwesikhumba se-vulvar apho i-VIN ifunyenwe isuswe. Ukufakelwa kolusu kwamanye amalungu omzimba kunokufuneka ukugubungela indawo apho ulusu lususwe khona.

Injongo yotyando lomhlaza we-vulvar kukususa wonke umhlaza ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomsebenzi wesini sowasetyhini. Enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokwenziwa ekunyangeni umhlaza we-vulvar:

  • Ukusikwa okubanzi kwendawo: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nezinye izihlunu eziqhelekileyo ezijikeleze umhlaza.
  • Ukuxhuzulwa kwendawo ngokugqibeleleyo: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nenani elikhulu lezihlunu eziqhelekileyo eziwujikelezileyo. I-lymph nodes ezikufutshane kwi-groin nayo ingasuswa.
  • I-Vulvectomy: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa inxenye okanye yonke imomo:
  • Uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lwe-vulvectomy: Utyando lokususa uninzi lwe-vulva. I-lymph node ezikufutshane nazo zingasuswa.
  • Radical vulvectomy: Utyando lokususa yonke i-vulva. I-lymph node ezikufutshane nazo ziyasuswa.
  • Ukuqina kwepelvic: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa ikholoni engezantsi, isikali kunye nesinyi. Umlomo wesibeleko, ubufazi, amaqanda, kunye ne-lymph node ezikufuphi nazo ziyasuswa. Ukuvulwa kwezinto ezingezizo (stoma) kwenzelwa umchamo kunye nelindle ukuba liphume emzimbeni liye kwingxowa yokuqokelela.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa ichemotherapy kunye / okanye unyango lwemitha emva kotyando ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza.

Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusenokusetyenziswa njengonyango lokunyanga ukukhupha iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba kungokubulala iiseli okanye kukumisa iiseli zahlule. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). I-chemotherapy ye-topical ye-vulvar cancer inokusetyenziswa kulusu kwikrimu okanye kwilotion. Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo ukunyanga umhlaza weVulvar ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-biotherapy okanye unyango lwe-biologic.

I-Imiquimod sisiguquli sokuphendula komzimba esetyenziselwa ukunyanga izilonda ze-vulvar kwaye sisetyenziswa kulusu kwikrimu.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lomhlaza we-vulvar lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Kubalulekile ukuba ube neemviwo zokulandelela rhoqo ukujonga umhlaza we-vulvar oqhelekileyo.

Unyango lweVulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando kunokuba yenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
  • Ukwahlula okwahlukileyo kwezilonda.
  • Ukusikwa kwendawo yonke.
  • Utyando lweLaser.
  • Umnqweno woqhaqho lwe-Ultrasound.
  • Ulusu vulvectomy.
  • I-Immunotherapy kunye ne-imiquimod yezihloko.

Unyango lweNqanaba I kunye ne-II yeVulvar Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwenqanaba lomhlaza womhlaza wamanqanaba obundlobongela kunye nenqanaba lesibini lomhlaza womhlaza ungabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando (ukusasazeka ngokubanzi kwendawo).
  • Utyando (ukusikwa okukuko kwengingqi ngokususa ii-lymph node kwi-groin nakwithanga eliphezulu).
  • Utyando (i-radical vulvectomy eguqulweyo okanye i-radical vulvectomy ngokususa ii-lymph node kwi-groin kunye nethanga eliphezulu). Unyango lwe-radiation lunokunikwa.
  • Utyando (ukoyiswa okupheleleyo kwendawo kunye nokususwa kwe-sentinel lymph node) kulandele unyango lwe-radiation kwezinye iimeko.
  • Unyango ngemitha kuphela.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweSigaba III seVulvar Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwesigaba III somhlaza we-vulvar unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ugqirha (uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lwe-vulvectomy okanye i-radical vulvectomy ngokususwa kwe-lymph node kwi-groin kunye nethanga eliphezulu) kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-radiation.
  • Unyango ngemitha okanye ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha lulandelwa lutyando.
  • Unyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweNqanaba IVA Vulvar Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwenqanaba lomhlaza we-IVVA lomhlaza unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando (i-radical vulvectomy okanye i-pelvic exenteration).
  • Utyando kunye nonyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango ngemitha okanye ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha lulandelwa lutyando.
  • Unyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweSigaba IVB somhlaza weVulvar

Akukho lunyango lusemgangathweni kwinqanaba lesifo se-IVB somhlaza. I-Chemotherapy ifundiwe kwaye inokusetyenziswa ukuba isigulana siyakwazi ukuyinyamezela.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCancer Vulvar

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza ophindaphindiweyo we-vulvar unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando (ukusikwa ngokubanzi kwendawo) kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.
  • Utyando (i-radical vulvectomy kunye ne-pelvic exenteration).
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha kunye okanye ngaphandle kotyando.
  • Unyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.
  • Unyango ngemitha notyando.
  • Unyango ngemitha njengonyango oludambisayo lokunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nomhlaza weVulvar

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza we-vulvar, bona oku kulandelayo:

  • Iphepha lasekhaya leCancer Vulvar
  • I-Lasers kunyango lomhlaza
  • Iziyobisi zivunyelwe ukunyanga umhlaza weVulvar
  • I-HPV kunye noMhlaza
  • Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy ukunyanga uMhlaza

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Malunga noMhlaza
  • Ukuqokelela
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza
  • Ukujamelana noMhlaza
  • Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer
  • Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli


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