Iindidi / urethral / isigulana / unyango lwe-urethral-pdq

Unyango lweUrethral Cancer Treatment (®) –Ugulana

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza weUrethral

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza weUrethral sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zakha izicwili zomchamo.

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womchamo oqala kwiiseli ezihambelana nomchamo.

• Imbali yomhlaza wesinyi inokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza womchamo.

• Iimpawu zomhlaza womchamo zibandakanya ukopha okanye ingxaki yokuchama.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-urethra kunye ne-bladder zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Umhlaza weUrethral sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zakha izicwili zomchamo.

I-urethra yityhubhu ehambisa umchamo kwisinyi ukuya ngaphandle komzimba. Kwabasetyhini, i-urethra imalunga ne-intshi ye-intshi ubude kwaye ingaphezulu nje kwilungu lobufazi. Emadodeni, i-urethra imalunga nee-intshi ezi-8 ubude, kwaye igqitha kwiprostate gland kunye nepenisi iye ngaphandle komzimba. Emadodeni, i-urethra nayo ithwala isidoda.

Inkqubo ye-urinary yamadoda (ipaneli yasekhohlo) kunye nenkqubo yomchamo yabasetyhini (iphaneli esekunene) ebonisa izintso, ureters, isinyi kunye ne-urethra. Umchamo wenziwe ngee-tubules zezintso kwaye uqokelela kwi-renal pelvis yezintso nganye. Umchamo uqukuqela uphuma kwizintso udlula kwizicwili uze uye kwesinye. Umchamo ugcinwe esinyini de ushiye umzimba kwi-urethra.

Umhlaza womchamo ngumhlaza onqabileyo owenzeka rhoqo emadodeni kunabafazi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womchamo oqala kwiiseli ezihambelana nomchamo.

Ezi zomhlaza zibizwa ngokuba ziindidi zeeseli eziba yingozi (umhlaza):

• I-squamous cell carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza womchamo. Yenza kwiiseli ezincinci, ezithe tyaba kwinxalenye yethambo lomchamo kufutshane nesinyi kwabasetyhini, nakwilindle lerethra kwilungu lobudoda emadodeni.

• Iifom zenguqu zeselcinoma kwindawo apho kufutshane nokuvulwa kwethambo kubasetyhini, nakwinxalenye ye-urethra ehamba ngedlala lobudoda emadodeni.

• Iifom ze-Adenocarcinoma kwiidlala ezijikeleze i-urethra kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Umhlaza we-Urethral unokukhawulezisa (ukusasazeka) ngokukhawuleza kwizicubu ezijikeleze i-urethra kwaye ihlala ifunyanwa kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane ngexesha ifunyaniswa.

Imbali yomhlaza wesinyi inokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza womchamo.

Nantoni na eyandisa amathuba akho okufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini. Izinto ezinobungozi kumhlaza womchamo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba nembali yomhlaza wesinyi.

• Ukuba neemeko ezibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kwi-urethra, kubandakanya:

• Izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STDs), kubandakanya ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV), ngakumbi uhlobo lwe-HPV 16.

• Izifo ezenzeka rhoqo kumchamo (UTIs).

Iimpawu zomhlaza womchamo zibandakanya ukopha okanye ingxaki yokuchama.

Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza womchamo okanye ngezinye iimeko. Kungangabikho mpawu okanye zimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokuqalisa ukuhamba komchamo.

• Ubuthathaka okanye uphazanyiswe ("yima uye uhambe") ukuhamba komchamo.

• Ukuchama rhoqo, ngakumbi ebusuku.

• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba.

• Ukukhutshwa kwi-urethra.

• Ukopha kwi-urethra okanye kwigazi kumchamo.

• Isigaxa okanye ubukhulu kwi-perineum okanye kwilungu lobudoda.

• Isigaqa esingenabuhlungu okanye ukudumba emiphungeni.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-urethra kunye ne-bladder zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lwePelvic: Uvavanyo lwelungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, isibeleko, iityhubhu zesibeleko, ii-ovari, kunye neethanga. I-speculum ifakwe kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ugqirha okanye umongikazi ujonga kwilungu lobufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ngeempawu zesifo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwengeza into enye okanye emibini ethanjisiweyo, iminwe egotyiweyo yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi aze abeke esinye isandla phezu kwesisu esisezantsi ukuva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwangenisa umnwe othanjisiweyo, ofakwe iglavu kwi-rectum ukuze uve amaqhuma okanye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga.

Uvavanyo lwePelvic. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ufaka i-lubricated, iiglavu zeminwe yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ucinezela emazantsi esisu ngesinye isandla. Oku kwenzelwa ukuziva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ilungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, imibhobho yesibeleko, kunye nomqolo nawo ayajongwa.

• Uvavanyo lwe-rectal yovavanyo lwangaphakathi Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ufaka i-lubricated, iiglavu ngomnwe kwindawo esezantsi ye-rectum ukuva amaqhuma okanye nantoni na ebonakala ingaqhelekanga.

• I-cytology yomchamo: Uvavanyo lwelebhu apho isampulu yomchamo ihlolwe khona ngemicroscope yeeseli ezingaqhelekanga.

• Urinalysis: Uvavanyo lokujonga umbala womchamo kunye neziqulatho zawo, ezinje ngeswekile, iprotein, igazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ukuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (uphawu losulelo) zifunyenwe, inkcubeko yomchamo ihlala isenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo losulelo.

• Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lwento elinokuba ngumqondiso wesifo.

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (i-CBC): Inkqubo apho kuthathwa khona isampulu yegazi kwaye ihlolwe oku kulandelayo:

• Inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

• Isixa sehemoglobin (iprotein ethwala ioksijini) kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

• Inxalenye yesampulu yegazi eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinjenge-pelvis kunye nesisu, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yicompography tomography, ikhompyuter yeTomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography

I-Uterteroscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwe-ureter kunye ne-renal pelvis ukujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-ureteroscope sisixhobo esincinci, esifana netyhubhu esinesibane kunye neelensi zokujonga. I-ureteroscope ifakwe kwi-urethra kwi-bladder, ureter, kunye ne-renal pelvis. Isixhobo sinokufakwa kwi-ureteroscope ukuthatha iisampuli zethishu ukuba zijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.

Ureteroscopy. I-ureteroscope (isixhobo esincinci, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga) sifakwa kwi-urethra kwi-ureter. Ugqirha ujonga umfanekiso wangaphakathi we-ureter kwisohlo sekhompyuter.

• I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye iisampulu zeethishu kwi-urethra, bladder, kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, i-prostate gland. Iisampulu zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Apho umhlaza wenziwe khona kwi-urethra.

• Nokuba umhlaza usasazekile kwi-mucosa efaka i-urethra kwizicubu ezikufutshane, kwii-lymph node, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Nokuba isiguli yindoda okanye ibhinqa.

• Impilo yomguli ngokubanzi.

• Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Amanqanaba oMhlaza weUrethral

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza womchamo, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwi-urethra okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Umhlaza weUrethral uhlelwe kwaye uphathwe ngokusekwe kwinxalenye yerethra echaphazelekayo.

• Umhlaza wobuchopho obude

• Umhlaza we-urethral

• Isinyi kunye / okanye umhlaza wedlala lengqula unokwenzeka ngaxeshanye nomhlaza womchamo.

• Umhlaza wesibeleko unokuphinda ubuye (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza womchamo, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwi-urethra okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwe-urethra okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango.

Le nkqubo ilandelayo inokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela:

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan) ye-pelvis kunye nesisu: Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesisu kunye nesisu, esithathwe kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha ze-urethra, i-lymph node ezikufutshane, kunye nezinye izicwili kunye namathambo athambileyo. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium itofelwe kwisigulana ngomthambo. I-gadolinium iqokelela malunga neeseli zomhlaza ukuze zibonakale zikhanya emfanekisweni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Ukubhalwa ngokutsha: Uthotho lwee-x-reyi ze-urethra. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Idayi ifakwe kwi-urethra kwisinyi. Idayi inxiba isinyi kunye ne-urethra kunye ne-x-reyi zithathwa ukubona ukuba i-urethra ivaliwe na kwaye ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwizihlunu ezikufutshane.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza womchamo usasazeka emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziiseli zomhlaza ze-urethral. Esi sifo ngumhlaza we-metastatic urethral, ​​hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Umhlaza weUrethral uhlelwe kwaye uphathwe ngokusekwe kwinxalenye yerethra echaphazelekayo.

Umhlaza we-Urethral uhleliwe kwaye uphathwe ngokusekwe kwinxalenye ye-urethra echaphazelekayo kunye nokuba isisu sinwenwe kangakanani kwizicubu ezijikeleze urethra. Umhlaza womchamo ungachazwa njengendawo ekude okanye yokuqhubela phambili.

I-anatomy ye-distal kunye ne-proximal urethra. Umchamo uphuma ngaphandle kwesinyi kwaye ushiye umzimba nge-urethra. Inxalenye yerethara ekufutshane nesinyi ibizwa ngokuba yi-proximal urethra. Elona candelo likufutshane nalapho umchamo ushiya khona umzimba ubizwa ngokuba yi-distal urethra. I-urethra imalunga nee-intshi ezisi-8 emadodeni kwaye malunga ne-intshi enye ubude kubasetyhini.

Umhlaza wobuchopho obude

Kumhlaza womhlaza okude, umhlaza uhlala ungasasazekanga ngokunzulu kwizihlunu. Kwabasetyhini, icandelo le-urethra elisondele kakhulu ngaphandle komzimba (malunga ne-intshi ye-intshi) liyachaphazeleka. Emadodeni, icandelo le-urethra elikwindawo yobudoda liyachaphazeleka.

Umhlaza we-urethral

Umhlaza we-urethral osondeleyo uchaphazela indawo ye-urethra engeyiyo i-urethra esekude. Kwabasetyhini nakumadoda, umhlaza we-urethral osondeleyo uhlala usasazeka ngokunzulu kwizicwili.

Isinyi kunye / okanye umhlaza wedlala lengqula unokwenzeka ngaxeshanye nomhlaza womchamo.

Emadodeni, umhlaza owenza i-proximal urethra (icandelo le-urethra elidlula kwiprostate kwisinyi) linokwenzeka ngaxeshanye nomhlaza wesinyi kunye / okanye iprostate. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka kuxilongo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka kamva.

Umhlaza wesibeleko unokuphinda ubuye (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Umhlaza ungabuyela kwi-urethra okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womchamo.

• Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Ukujonga ngokukuko

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lomhlaza womchamo lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womchamo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womchamo. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando lokususa umhlaza lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lomhlaza kwi-urethra. Enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:

• Ukukhupha okuvulekileyo: Ukususwa komhlaza ngotyando.

• Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kweTransurethral (TUR): Utyando lokususa umhlaza kusetyenziswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esifakwe kwi-urethra.

• I-Electroresection ngokuzaliseka: Utyando lokususa umhlaza ngombane. Isixhobo esikhanyisiweyo esinomtya omncinci wocingo ekugqibeleni sisetyenziselwa ukususa umhlaza okanye ukutshisa ithumba ngombane onamandla amakhulu.

• Utyando lwe-Laser: Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa umqadi we-laser (umqadi omxinwa wokukhanya okukhulu) njengemela yokusika ngaphandle kwegazi kwizicwili okanye ukususa okanye ukutshabalalisa izicwili.

• I-lymph node dissection: I-lymph nodes kwi-pelvis kunye ne-groin ingasuswa.

• ICystourethrectomy: Utyando lokususa isinyi kunye nomchamo.

• ICystoprostatectomy: Utyando lokususa isinyi kunye neprostate.

• Ukuziqhenya kwangaphambili: Utyando lokususa i-urethra, isinyi kunye nelungu lobufazi. Utyando lweplastiki lunokwenziwa ekwakheni kwakhona ubufazi.

• I-penectomy ekhethekileyo: Utyando lokususa icandelo lobudoda elijikeleze urethra apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Utyando lweplastikhi lunokwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwelungu lobudoda.

• I-Radical penectomy: Utyando lokususa yonke incanca. Utyando lweplastikhi lunokwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwelungu lobudoda.

Ukuba i-urethra isuswe, ugqirha uya kwenza indlela entsha yokuba umchamo udlule emzimbeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuphambukiswa komchamo. Ukuba isinyi sisusiwe, ugqirha wotyando uya kwenza indlela entsha yokugcina umchamo kwaye ugqithiswe emzimbeni. Ugqirha unokusebenzisa inxenye yamathumbu amancinci ukwenza ityhubhu edlulisa umchamo kwindawo evulekileyo (stoma). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ostomy okanye urostomy. Ukuba isigulana sine-ostomy, ingxowa elahlwayo yokuqokelela umchamo inxitywa phantsi kwempahla. Ugqirha unokusebenzisa nenxalenye yamathumbu amancinci ukwenza isingxobo sokugcina (ichibi lezwekazi) ngaphakathi komzimba apho unokuchola khona umchamo. Umbhobho (i-catheter) emva koko usetyenziselwa ukukhupha umchamo nge-stoma.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa ichemotherapy okanye unyango lweradiation emva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza. Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza kwaye apho umhlaza wenziwe khona kwi-urethra. Unyango lwangaphandle nolwangaphandle lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womchamo.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba kungokubulala iiseli okanye kukumisa iiseli zahlule. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Indlela ichemotherapy enikwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza kwaye apho umhlaza wenziwe khona kwi-urethra.

Ukujonga ngokukuko

Ukuqwalaselwa okusebenzayo kulandela imeko yesigulana ngaphandle kokunika naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kokuba kukho utshintsho kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Isetyenziselwa ukufumana iimpawu zokuqala ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu. Ekuqwalaselweni okusebenzayo, abaguli banikwa iimviwo ezithile kunye novavanyo, kubandakanya ne-biopsies, kwishedyuli yesiqhelo.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lomhlaza womchamo lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweCancer eUrethral ekude

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwi-mucosa (ngaphakathi kwethayile ye-urethra engakhange ibe ngumhlaza, inokubandakanya utyando lokususa ithumba (ukuvulwa okuvulekileyo okanye ukuhanjiswa ngokutsha), i-electroresection ngokuzaliswa, okanye ngoqhaqho lwe-laser.

Unyango lomhlaza wemithambo ekude wahlukile kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Kwabasetyhini, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa i-tumor (i-transurethral resection), i-electroresection kunye nokuzaliswa, okanye utyando lwe-laser yamathumba angasasazekanga ngokunzulu kwizicubu.

• I-Brachytherapy (unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha) kunye / okanye unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha kwizisu ezingasasazekanga nzulu kwizicwili.

• Utyando lokususa ithumba (ukubonwa kwangaphambili) kwamathumba athe asasazeka ngokunzulu kwizicwili. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ziyasuswa (i-lymph node dissection). Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando.

Amadoda, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa i-tumor (i-transurethral resection), i-electroresection kunye nokuzaliswa, okanye utyando lwe-laser yamathumba angasasazekanga ngokunzulu kwizicubu.

• Utyando lokususa inxenye yelungu lobudoda (inxenye ye-penectomy) yamathumba akufuphi kwincanca yelungu lobudoda. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ziyasuswa (i-lymph node dissection).

• Utyando lokususa inxenye ye-urethra yamathumba akwi-distal urethra kodwa hayi kwincam yobudoda kwaye awasasazekanga nzulu kwizicwili. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ziyasuswa (i-lymph node dissection).

• Utyando lokususa ilungu lobudoda (i-radical penectomy) yamathumba asasazeke ngokunzulu kwizihlunu. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ziyasuswa (i-lymph node dissection).

• Unyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.

• I-Chemotherapy inikwe kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCroximal Urethral Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza we-urethral osondeleyo okanye umhlaza we-urethral ochaphazela yonke i-urethra yahlukile kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Kwabasetyhini, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango ngemitha kunye / okanye uqhaqho (ukukhutshwa okuvulekileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwakhona) kwezidumbu ezi-¾ ye-intshi okanye encinci.

• Unyango lwe-radiation olulandelwa lityando (ukuphuma kwangaphambili kunye ne-lymph node dissection kunye nokuphambukiswa komchamo).

Amadoda, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango lwe-radiation okanye unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy, elandelwa ngotyando (i-cystoprostatectomy, penectomy, lymph node dissection, kunye ne-urinary diversion).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango loMhlaza weUrethral owenza i-Cancer ye-Bladder Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza womchamo owenzeka ngaxeshanye njengomhlaza wesinyi ongahlaseli unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (i-cystourethrectomy kwabasetyhini, okanye urethrectomy kunye necystoprostatectomy emadodeni).

Ukuba i-urethra ayisuswanga ngexesha lotyando ukususa isinyi, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukujonga ngokukuko. Iisampulu zeeseli zithathwa ngaphakathi kwi-urethra kwaye zijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumana iimpawu zomhlaza.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCancer Metastatic okanye eQhelekileyo yoMhlaza

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza womchamo othe wasasazeka (ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba) kuhlala kuyichemotherapy.

Unyango lomhlaza ophindaphindiweyo womhlaza unokubandakanya enye okanye nangaphezulu koku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa ithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ziyasuswa (i-lymph node dissection).

• Unyango ngemitha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nomhlaza weUrethral

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza womchamo, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya lomhlaza weUrethral

• I-Lasers kunyango lomhlaza

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Ukuqokelela

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza

• Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli

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