Iindidi / idlala lengqula / isigulana / unyango lwe-thyroid-pdq

Unyango lwe-Thyroid Cancer yoBuntwana (®) -iPatient Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza weThyroid Cancer

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza wamadlala sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zivela kwinyama yedlala lengqula.

• Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid angaba yi-adenomas okanye i-carcinomas.

• Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid anokufunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lonyango kwaye ihlala ingumhlaza.

• Ukuvezwa kwimitha okanye ukuba ne-syndromes ezithile zemfuza kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lengqula.

• Umhlaza wesifo se-thyroid ngamanye amaxesha ubangelwa lutshintsho kwimfuza edluliselwa ukusuka kumzali kuye emntwaneni.

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala lengqula zibandakanya ukudumba okanye iqhuma entanyeni.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya idlala lengqula, intamo, kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Umhlaza wamadlala sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zivela kwinyama yedlala lengqula.

Idlala lengqula lisisiqalo somqala kufutshane netrachea (umbhobho womoya). Imile okwebhabhathane, ine-lobe yasekunene kunye ne-lobe yasekhohlo. Esi siqwenga sisiqwenga somzimba esidibanisa ii-lobes ezimbini. Ngokwesiqhelo ayinakuva ngesikhumba.

I-Anatomy ye-thyroid kunye neengqungquthela ze-parathyroid. Idlala lengqula lilele emazantsi omqala kufutshane netrachea. Imile okwebhabhathane, kunye nelobe yasekunene kunye ne-lobe yasekhohlo edityaniswe sisiqwengana sesicwili esibizwa ngokuba sisicu. Amadlala aparathyroid ngamalungu amane erhasi afunyanwa entanyeni kufutshane nedlala lengqula. Idlala lengqula nelamadlala enza ihomoni.

Idlala lengqula lisebenzisa iodine, ityuwa efumaneka kokutya nakwityiwa ene-iodized, ukunceda ukwenza iihomoni ezininzi. Iihomoni zedlala lenza oku kulandelayo:

• Lawula izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, ubushushu bomzimba, kunye nendlela ukutya okukhawuleza kuguqulwe ngayo kube ngamandla (imetabolism).

• Lawula inani lecalcium egazini.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid angaba yi-adenomas okanye i-carcinomas.

Zimbini iintlobo zamathambo e-thyroid:

• I-Adenomas: I- Adenomas inokukhula kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yenza iihormone. I-Adenomas ayingomhlaza kodwa kunqabile ukuba ibe yingozi (umhlaza) kwaye isasazeke kwimiphunga okanye kwii-lymph node entanyeni.

• ICarcinomas: Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-thyroid carcinoma ebantwaneni:

• Iphepha. IPapillary thyroid carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-thyroid kubantwana. Kwenzeka rhoqo kulutsha. I-Papillary thyroid carcinoma ihlala yenziwe ngamanqaku angaphezu kwesinye kumacala omabini edlala. Ihlala isasazeka kwii-lymph node entanyeni kwaye inokuthi isasaze nasemiphungeni. Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha) kwizigulana ezininzi kulungile kakhulu.

• Uluhlu. I-follicle ye-carcinoma ye-thyroid ihlala yenziwe nge-nodule enye. Ihlala isasazeka ithambo nemiphunga, kodwa kunqabile ukuba isasaze kwii-lymph node entanyeni. Ukuxela kwangaphambili kwizigulana ezininzi kulungile kakhulu.

• I-Medullary. Iifom ze-Medullary thyroid carcinoma kwiiseli ze-parafollicular C kwi-thyroid. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa notshintsho oluthile olufunyenwe kwilifa le-RET kunye ne-endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome. Iyenzeka rhoqo kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 nangaphantsi kwaye inokuba isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngexesha lokuchongwa. Abantwana abane-MEN2 syndrome banokuba semngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa i-pheochromocytoma okanye i-hyperparathyroidism.

Umhlaza wephepha kunye nomhlaza wedlala lengqula ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula. I-medullary kunye ne-anaplastic cancer ye-thyroid ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokungafaniyo ngokungafaniyo okanye ukungafani komhlaza we-thyroid. Umhlaza we-Anaplastic cancer unqabile kakhulu ebantwaneni kwaye awuxutyushwanga kwesi sishwankathelo.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid anokufunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lonyango kwaye ihlala ingumhlaza.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokufumana iqhuma (nodule) kwi-thyroid ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lonyango, okanye i-nodule inokubonwa kuvavanyo lokucinga okanye ngexesha lotyando lwenye imeko. I-nodule ye-thyroid kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ze-thyroid kwi-thyroid. Amaqhuqhuva anokuqina okanye agcwalise ulwelo.

Xa kufunyenwe i-nodule ye-thyroid, kwenziwa i-ultrasound ye-thyroid kunye ne-lymph nodes entanyeni. I-biopsy aspiration aspiration ingenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid kunye ne-anti-thyroid antibodies egazini nayo inokwenziwa. Oku kukujonga ezinye iintlobo zesifo se-thyroid.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid awanakubangela zimpawu okanye afune unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha amaqhuqhuva edlala lengqula aba makhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kunzima ukuginya okanye ukuphefumla kwaye kufuneka iimvavanyo nonyango ngakumbi. Inye kuphela kwezihlunu ezintlanu ze-thyroid eziba ngumhlaza.

Ukuvezwa kwimitha okanye ukuba ne-syndromes ezithile zemfuza kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Nantoni na eyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini.

Izinto ezinobungozi kumhlaza womhlaza we-thyroid zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuvezwa kwimitha, njengakwiimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo, unyango lwemitha, okanye imitha kwindalo esingqongileyo.

• Ukuba neempawu ezithile zemfuza, ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo lwe-2A (MEN2A) syndrome.

• Uhlobo lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo lwe-2B (MEN2B) yesifo.

• Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wedlala lengqula, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-polyposis ehambelana ne-APC.

• Isifo seDICER1.

• Inkathazo yeCarney.

• I-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.

• Isifo seWerner.

Umhlaza wesifo se-thyroid ngamanye amaxesha ubangelwa lutshintsho kwimfuza edluliselwa ukusuka kumzali kuye emntwaneni.

Imfuza ekwiiseli ithwala ulwazi oluvela kubazali luye emntwaneni. Utshintsho oluthile kuhlobo lwe-RET oludluliselwa kumzali luye emntwaneni (njengelifa) kunokubangela umhlaza wedlala yamadlala.

Kukho uvavanyo lofuzo olusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukutshintsha kwemfuza. Isigulana sivavanywa kuqala ukubona ukuba sinalo na uhlobo olutshintshileyo. Ukuba isigulana sinayo, amanye amalungu osapho anokuvavanywa ukufumanisa ukuba banomngcipheko owandileyo wokuba nomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Amalungu osapho, kubandakanya nabantwana abancinci, abanenguqu eguqulweyo banokuba ne-thyroidectomy (utyando lokususa idlala lengqula). Oku kunganciphisa ithuba lokuphuhlisa umhlaza we-thyroid.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala lengqula zibandakanya ukudumba okanye iqhuma entanyeni.

Ngamanye amaxesha izicubu ze-thyroid azibangeli nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu. Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza wamaphepha okanye umhlaza we-thyroid okanye ezinye iimeko.

Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Isigaqa entanyeni.

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla.

• Ingxaki yokuginya.

• Ukudakumba okanye utshintsho kwilizwi.

Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza we-thyroid okanye ezinye iimeko.

Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Amaqhuma emilebeni, kulwimi, okanye kwiinkophe ezingonzakalisiyo.

• Ingxaki yokwenza iinyembezi.

• Ukuqunjelwa.

• IMarfan syndrome (inde kwaye ibhityile, ineengalo ezinde, imilenze, iminwe kunye neenzwane).

Uvavanyo oluvavanya idlala lengqula, intamo, kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza kwinqanaba. Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe umhlaza, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yistage. Uvavanyo olwenziwe ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphambi kokuba kususwe ithumba ngotyando kuthiwa yi-preoperative staging. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba umhlaza sele usasazekile na ukuze ucwangcise olona nyango lulungileyo.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngezigaxana (amaqhuqhuva) okanye ukudumba entanyeni, kwibhokisi yelizwi, nakwindawo ezinesibindi, nayo nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. . Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid: Igazi likhangelwe amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). I-TSH yenziwa yidlala yebhinqa kwingqondo. Ikhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwehomoni yedlala lengqula kunye nolawulo lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ze-thyroid. Igazi linokujongwa kwakhona kumanqanaba aphezulu e-calcitonin (ihomoni eyenziwe yi-thyroid eyanciphisa inani le-calcium egazini).

• Uvavanyo lwe-Thyroglobulin: Igazi lijongwa isixa se-thyroglobulin, iprotein eyenziwe yidlala lengqula. Amanqanaba e-Thyroglobulin asezantsi okanye akakho ngomsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-thyroid kodwa unokuphakama ngomhlaza we-thyroid okanye ezinye iimeko.

• Uvavanyo lwe-RET yemfuza: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi okanye eyezicubu zotshintsho oluthile kuhlobo lwe-RET. Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe abantwana abanokuba nomhlaza we-thyroid we-medullary.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kumalungu entanyeni kwaye enze i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Umfanekiso unokuprintwa ukuze ujongwe kamva. Le nkqubo inokubonisa ubungakanani be-thyroid nodule nokuba iqinile okanye i-cyst egcwele i-fluid. I-Ultrasound ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela i-biopsy ye-aspiration aspiration. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-ultrasound entanyeni lwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

• Ndlala yokuskena: A imali encinane Radioactive kufincelwe okanye zifakwa. Izinto eziqhumayo ziqokelela kwiiseli ze-thyroid gland. Ikhamera ekhethekileyo enxulunyaniswe nekhompyuter ibhaqa imitha ekhutshiweyo kwaye yenza imifanekiso ebonisa indlela idlala lengqula elisebenza ngayo kunye nokuba umhlaza unwenwele na ngaphaya kwedlala lengqula. Ukuba inani le-TSH egazini lomntwana liphantsi, ukuskena ukwenza imifanekiso ye-thyroid kunokwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinjengentamo, isifuba, isisu, nengqondo, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Umntwana ulele phezu kwetafile etyibilika ngesikena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) enegadolinium: Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinjengentamo nesifuba. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium itofelwe emthanjeni. I-gadolinium iqokelela malunga neeseli zomhlaza ukuze zibonakale zikhanya emfanekisweni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• I-biopsy ye-aspiration-aspiration: Ukususwa kwezicubu ze-thyroid usebenzisa inaliti encinci. Inaliti ifakwa kulusu kwi-thyroid. Iisampulu zamathishu ezininzi zisuswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-thyroid Ugqirha wezifo ujonga iisampulu zethishu phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula lunokuba nzima ukuluchonga, abaguli kufuneka bacele ukuba iisampulu ze-biopsy zihlolwe ngugqirha wezifo onamava okufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lengqula. Ukuba akucaci nokuba umhlaza ukhona, kungenziwa i-biopsy yotyando.

• Utyando lwe-biopsy: Ukususwa kwe-thyroid nodule okanye i-lobe enye ye-thyroid ngexesha lotyando ukuze iiseli kunye nezicubu zijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula lunokuba nzima ukuluchonga, abaguli kufuneka bacele ukuba iisampulu ze-biopsy zihlolwe ngugqirha wezifo onamava okufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntwana ngexesha lokuchongwa.

• Uhlobo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula.

• Ubungakanani bomhlaza.

• Nokuba ithumba lisasazekile kwii-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu omzimba ngexesha lokuchongwa.

• Nokuba umhlaza ususwe ngokupheleleyo ngoqhaqho.

• Impilo yomntwana ngokubanzi.

Amanqanaba oMhlaza weThyroid yoMntwana

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba umhlaza ususwe ngotyando, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zihlala emzimbeni na.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wedlala lobuntwana uyaqhubeka nokukhula okanye ubuye emva konyango.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kotyando ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisekhona na kwaye ukufumanisa ukuba unyango olungaphaya luyafuneka na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yasemva kokusebenza.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokwenziwa malunga neeveki ezili-12 emva kotyando:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kumalungu entanyeni kwaye enze i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Umfanekiso unokuprintwa ukuze ujongwe kamva. Le nkqubo inokubonisa ubungakanani be-thyroid nodule nokuba iqinile okanye i-cyst egcwele i-fluid. I-Ultrasound ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela i-biopsy ye-aspiration aspiration. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-ultrasound entanyeni lwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Thyroglobulin: Uvavanyo olulinganisa isixa se-thyroglobulin egazini. I-Thyroglobulin yiprotein eyenziwe yidlala lengqula. Amanqanaba e-Thyroglobulin asezantsi okanye akakho ngomsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-thyroid kodwa unokuphakama ngomhlaza we-thyroid okanye ezinye iimeko.

• Ukuskena i-thyroid emzimbeni wonke: Inani elincinci lezinto ezinemitha ye-radio liginye okanye lifakwe. Izinto ezinokusasazeka ngemitha ziqokelela nakweyiphi na inyama ye-thyroid okanye iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kotyando. Iodine eqhumayo isetyenziswa kuba ziiseli zedlala kuphela ezithatha iodine. Ikhamera ekhethekileyo ifumanisa imitha ebangelwa ziiseli zedlala lengqula okanye iiseli zomhlaza, ekwabizwa ngokuba siskena se-iodine okanye iRAI scan.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wedlala lengqula usasazeka ukuya emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziyiseli zomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Esi sifo ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wedlala lobuntwana uyaqhubeka nokukhula okanye ubuye emva konyango.

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula ngumhlaza oqhubeka ukhula, usasazeka okanye usiba mandundu. Isifo esiqhubela phambili sinokuba luphawu lokuba umhlaza uye wanyanzeliswa kunyango.

Umhlaza we-thyroid ophindaphindiweyo ngumhlaza oye wabuya (ubuya) emva konyango. Umhlaza ungabuyela kwi-thyroid okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wedlala lengqula.

• Abantwana abanomhlaza wedlala lengqula kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

• Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango lwe-iodine

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Unyango olubuyisela iHormone

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lobuntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abanomhlaza wedlala lengqula kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo kunye nabanye:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ugqirha wezifo.

• Ingcali yomongikazi wabantwana.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali kubomi bomntwana.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando lolona nyango luqhelekileyo kumhlaza wedlala lengqula. Enye yezi nkqubo inokusetyenziswa:

• Iyonke i-thyroidectomy: Ukususwa kwe-thyroid yonke. Iimpawu ze-lymph ezikufutshane nomhlaza zingasuswa kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope kwiimpawu zomhlaza.

• Phantse i-thyroidectomy iyonke: Ukususwa kwazo zonke kodwa kuyinxalenye encinci ye-thyroid. Iimpawu ze-lymph ezikufutshane nomhlaza zingasuswa kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope kwiimpawu zomhlaza.

Kubantwana, i-thyroidectomy iyenzeka rhoqo.

Unyango lwe-iodine

Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza kunye nepapillary somhlaza ngamanye amaxesha uphathwa ngonyango lwe-iodine (RAI). Unyango lwe-RAI lunokunikwa abantwana emva kotyando ukubulala nayiphi na iiseli zomhlaza wedlala engakhange isuswe okanye abantwana abanethumba elingenakususwa ngotyando. I-RAI ithathwa ngomlomo kwaye iqokelelwe nakweyiphi na inyama eseleyo ye-thyroid, kubandakanya iiseli zomhlaza wedlala lengqula ethe yanwenwela kwezinye iindawo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba ziithishu ze-thyroid kuphela ezithatha iodine, i-RAI itshabalalisa izicubu ze-thyroid kunye neeseli zomhlaza we-thyroid ngaphandle kokonakalisa ezinye izicwili. Phambi kokuba kunikwe idosi yonyango epheleleyo ye-RAI, kunikwa idosi yovavanyo encinci ukubona ukuba ngaba eli thumba lithatha iodine kusini na.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango lweTyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluvimba iibhloko ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwamathumba. I-Larotrectinib yi-TKI esetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abanomhlaza oqhubekayo okanye oqhelekileyo wepapillary kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza. IVandetanib yi-TKI esetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abanesifo somhlaza we-thyroid. I-Selpercatinib yi-TKI esetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abanesifo somhlaza we-thyroid.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lisafundelwa unyango lomhlaza we-thyroid ebuntwaneni obuye wabuya (buyela).

Unyango olubuyisela iHormone

IiHormone zizinto ezenziwe ngamadlala emzimbeni kwaye zijikelezwa kwigazi. Emva konyango lomhlaza wedlala lengqula, idlala lengqula alikwazi ukwenza idlala lengqula elaneleyo. Izigulana zinikwa iipilisi zehomoni yedlala lengqula ubomi bazo bonke.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lobuntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zasemva kwexesha zonyango lomhlaza kumhlaza we-thyroid unokubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zomzimba, ezinje ngotshintsho kwiincindi zamathe, usulelo, okanye ingxaki yokuphefumla.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza).

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga nefuthe unyango lomhlaza olunokuba nalo emntwaneni wakho. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya.)

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kuqhelekile ukuba umhlaza we-thyroid uphinde (ubuye), ngakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 kunye nabo banomhlaza kwii-lymph node. I-Ultrasound, ukuskena umzimba wonke, kunye novavanyo lwe-thyroglobulin zinokwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha ukujonga ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. Ukulandela ubomi bakho bonke kwinqanaba le-thyroid egazini kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inani elifanelekileyo le-hormone yonyango (HRT) iyanikezelwa. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho ukufumanisa ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kangaphi kwezi mvavanyo.

Unyango lweCancer Papillary kunye neFollicular Cancer Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-papillary kunye ne-follicular thyroid carcinoma ebantwaneni inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa yonke into okanye uninzi lwe-thyroid gland kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-lymph nodes kufuphi ne-thyroid gland. Unyango lwe-iodine lwe-radioactive lunokunikwa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza we-thyroid ezihlala emva kotyando. Unyango olungena endaweni yeHormone (HRT) lunikezelwa ukwenza ihomoni elahlekileyo ye-thyroid.

Kwiiveki ezili-12 zotyando, kuvavanyo kwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba ngaba umhlaza wedlala lengqula uhlala emzimbeni na. Oku kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-thyroglobulin kunye novavanyo lomzimba wonke. Ukuvavanywa komzimba kwe-thyroid kugqityiwe ukufumana indawo emzimbeni apho iiseli zomhlaza we-thyroid ezingakhange zisuswe ngexesha lotyando zinokwahlula ngokukhawuleza. Iodine eqhumayo isetyenziswa kuba ziiseli zedlala kuphela ezithatha iodine. Inani elincinci kakhulu le-iodine eline-radioactive liginyiwe, lihamba ngegazi, kwaye liqokelela izicubu ze-thyroid kunye nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza naphi na emzimbeni. Ukuba umhlaza we-thyroid uhlala, i-iodine enkulu ye-iodine e-radioactive inikezelwa ukutshabalalisa nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza we-thyroid. I-SPECT yomzimba uphela (ukuskena okukodwa kwefoton computed tomography) kunokwenziwa kwiintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7 emva konyango ukujonga ukuba zonke iiseli zomhlaza zitshatyalalisiwe.

• Unyango lwe-iodine ye-radioactive kuphela lunokunikwa abantwana abanesifo esingenakususwa ngotyando. Unyango olungena endaweni yeHormone (HRT) lunikezelwa ukwenza ihomoni elahlekileyo ye-thyroid.

Jonga isishwankathelo se- kubuNinzi be-Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) yonyango lweSyndromes ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lwe-Cancer Medullary ye-Thyroid Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-medullary thyroid carcinoma esanda kufunyaniswa ebantwaneni inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa umhlaza.

• Unyango olujolise kwi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (vandetanib okanye i-selpercatinib) yomhlaza oqhubele phambili okanye osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCancer ye-Thyroid eqhubela phambili okanye eQhubekayo

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-papillary kunye ne-follicular thyroid carcinoma ebantwaneni inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango lwe-radioactive iodine (RAI).

• Unyango olujolise kwi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (i-larotrectinib okanye i-selpercatinib).

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (vemurafenib okanye i-selpercatinib).

Unyango lwe-medulary thyroid carcinoma eqhubekayo okanye ephindaphindayo kubantwana inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (selpercatinib).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga neCarcer Cancer

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza wedlala lengqula, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya leCancer Cancer

• Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko

• Uvavanyo lweMfuzo kwii-Syndromes eziSebenzayo zoMhlaza

• I-MyPART-Unxibelelwano lwam lwaBantwana kunye naBantu abaDala abaNinzi

• Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli

Hlela ngokomhla Hlela ngokwamanqaku

Nika amandla ukuphinda uzihlaziye izimvo

Yongeza uluvo lwakho

love.co yamkela zonke izimvo . Ukuba awufuni ukungaziwa, bhalisa okanye ungene . Isimahla.