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I-Thymoma kunye ne-Thymic Carcinoma Treatment (yabantu abadala) (®) -Patient Version

Ulwazi Ngokubanzi Nge Thymoma kunye ne Thymic Carcinoma

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zizifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenza i-thymus.
  • I-Thymoma idibene ne-myasthenia gravis kunye nezinye izifo ze-paraneoplastic ezizimeleyo.
  • Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zibandakanya ukukhwehlela kunye nentlungu yesifuba.
  • Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-thymus lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo kunye ne-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.
  • Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zizifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenza i-thymus.

I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), ziintlobo ezimbini zomhlaza ezinqabileyo ezinokuthi zenze kwiiseli ezigubungela umphezulu wangaphandle we-thymus. I-thymus lilungu elincinci elilele kwisifuba esingasentla ngentla naphantsi kwethambo lesifuba. Inxalenye yenkqubo ye-lymph kwaye yenza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocyte, ezikunceda ukulwa usulelo. Ezi zomhlaza zihlala zenzeka phakathi kwemiphunga kwindawo engaphambili yesifuba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifunyanwa ngexesha lesifuba esenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

I-anatomy yegland. I-thymus gland lilungu elincinci elilele kwisifuba esiphezulu phantsi kwethambo lesifuba. Yenza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocyte, ezikhusela umzimba kwizifo.

Nangona i-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma ifom efanayo kuhlobo lweseli, benza ngokwahlukileyo:

  • Thymoma. Iiseli zomhlaza zijongeka njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo ze-thymus, zikhula kancinci, kwaye kunqabile ukuba zisasazeke ngaphaya kwe-thymus.
  • I-carcinoma enesifo. Iiseli zomhlaza azibonakali njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo ze-thymus, zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zinokuthi zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Phantse enye kwii-TET ezintlanu yi-thymic carcinoma. I-Thymic carcinoma kunzima ukunyanga kune-thymoma.

Ezinye iintlobo zamathumba, ezifana ne-lymphoma okanye i-germ cell tumors, zingenza i-thymus, kodwa azithathwa njenge-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma.

Ngolwazi malunga ne-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma ebantwaneni, jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga ne-Childhood Thymoma kunye ne-Thymic Carcinoma Treatment.

I-Thymoma idibene ne-myasthenia gravis kunye nezinye izifo ze-paraneoplastic ezizimeleyo.

Izifo ezizenzekelayo ze-paraneoplastic zihlala zinxulunyaniswa ne-thymoma. Izifo ezizenzekelayo ze-paraneoplastic zinokwenzeka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kodwa azibangelwa ngqo ngumhlaza. Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ze-paraneoplastic ziphawulwa ngeempawu kunye neempawu ezikhula xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela kungekuphela iiseli zomhlaza kodwa kunye neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Izifo ezizenzekelayo ze-paraneoplastic ezinxulunyaniswa ne-thymoma zibandakanya:

  • I-Myasthenia gravis (esona sifo sixhaphakileyo sokuzimela komzimba esidityaniswe ne-thymoma).
  • I-hypogammaglobulinemia enxulumene ne-Thymoma (Isifo esifanelekileyo).
  • Isifo esibomvu esimalunga ne-Thymoma.

Ezinye izifo ze-paraneoplastic autoimmune zinokudityaniswa nee-TET kwaye zinokubandakanya naliphi na ilungu.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zibandakanya ukukhwehlela kunye nentlungu yesifuba.

Uninzi lwezigulana azinazo iimpawu okanye iimpawu xa ziqala ukufumanisa ukuba une-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo.
  • Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
  • Iintlungu zesifuba.
  • Ilizwi elirhabaxa.
  • Ukudumba ebusweni, entanyeni, emzimbeni ongaphezulu, okanye kwiingalo.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-thymus lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo kunye ne-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

  • Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.
  • I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.
  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezifana nesifuba, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yicompography tomography, ikhompyuter yeTomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography
  • Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezifana nesifuba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).
  • Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili kusetyenziswa inaliti ukuze zibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

  • Nokuba umhlaza yi-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma.
  • Nokuba umhlaza unwenwele kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Nokuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
  • Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Amanqanaba e-Thymoma kunye ne-Thymic Carcinoma

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Emva kokuba i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma ifunyenwe, kuvavanywa ukwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Amanqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa i-thymoma:
  • Inqanaba I
  • Inqanaba II
  • Inqanaba III
  • Inqanaba IV
  • I-Thymic carcinomas zihlala zisasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba xa kufunyaniswa isifo.
  • I-Thymic carcinoma isenokwenzeka ukuba iphinde iphinde ibuye kune-thymoma.

Emva kokuba i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma ifunyenwe, kuvavanywa ukwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma isasazekile ukusuka kwi-thymus ukuya kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zinokusasazeka kwimiphunga, udonga lwesifuba, iinqanawa ezinkulu, i-esophagus, okanye umgca ojikeleze imiphunga nentliziyo. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokuchonga i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekuthatheni izigqibo ngonyango.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba i-thymic carcinoma isasazeka ithambo, iiseli zomhlaza ezisethanjeni ziiseli ze-thymic carcinoma. Esi sifo si-metastatic thymic carcinoma, hayi umhlaza wamathambo

Amanqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa i-thymoma:

Inqanaba I

Kwinqanaba I, umhlaza ufumaneka kuphela kwi-thymus. Zonke iiseli zomhlaza zingaphakathi kwecapsule (sac) ejikeleze i-thymus.

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba lesibini, umhlaza usasazekile nge-capsule kunye nakumanqatha ajikeleze i-thymus okanye kumngxunya wesifuba.

Inqanaba III

Kwinqanaba lesithathu, umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezikufuphi esifubeni, kubandakanya umphunga, ingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo, okanye imithambo yegazi emikhulu ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.

Inqanaba IV

Inqanaba IV lahlulwe laba yinqanaba le-IVA kunye nele-IVB, ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke phi.

  • Kwinqanaba le-IVA, umhlaza usasazeke ngokubanzi kwimiphunga okanye entliziyweni.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IVB, umhlaza usasazeke kwigazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymph.

I-Thymic carcinomas zihlala zisasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba xa kufunyaniswa isifo.

Inkqubo yokubeka esetyenziselwa i-thymomas ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa i-thymic carcinomas.

I-Thymic carcinoma isenokwenzeka ukuba iphinde iphinde ibuye kune-thymoma.

I-thymoma ephindaphindiweyo kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zii-cancer eziye zaphinda zabuya (zabuya) emva konyango. Umhlaza ungabuyela kwi-thymus okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. I-Thymic carcinoma isenokwenzeka ukuba iphinde iphinde ibuye kune-thymoma.

  • I-Thymomas inokuphinda ibuye ixesha elide emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe. Kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nolunye uhlobo lomhlaza emva kokuba une-thymoma. Ngezi zizathu, ukulandela ixesha elide kuyafuneka.
  • I-Thymic carcinomas ihlala iphinda.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezine-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.
  • Iindidi ezintlanu zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:
  • Ugqirha
  • Unyango ngemitha
  • Unyango ngamayeza
  • Unyango lweHormone
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
  • Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
  • Unyango lwe-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.
  • Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezine-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezine-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezintlanu zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Ugqirha lokususa ithumba lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lwe-thymoma.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa unyango ngemitha emva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

I-Chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-tumor ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okanye unyango lwe-radiation. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Unyango lweHormone

Unyango lweHormone lunyango lomhlaza olususa iincindi zamadlala okanye ibhlokhe isenzo sabo kwaye luyekise iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni. IiHormone zizinto ezenziwe ngamadlala emzimbeni kwaye zihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Ezinye iihormoni zinokubangela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhule. Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zineendawo apho iihormone zinokuncamathisela (ii-receptors), iziyobisi, utyando, okanye unyango lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwehomoni okanye ukubathintela ekusebenzeni. Unyango lwehormone usebenzisa i-octreotide kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-prednisone inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ingozi encinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. I-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) kunye ne-mammalian ekujolise kuyo ye-rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors ziintlobo zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.

  • I-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI): Olu nyango luthintela imiqondiso ukuba ikhule. I-Sunitinib kunye ne-lenvatinib zii-TKI ezinokuthi zisetyenziselwe ukunyanga i-thymoma ephindaphindayo okanye i-thymic carcinoma.
  • Ujoliso lweMammaliya lwe-rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors: Olu nyango luthintela iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-mTOR, enokugcina iiseli zomhlaza zingakhuli kwaye kuthintele ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ekufuneka ukuba amathumba akhule. I-Everolimus yi-mTOR inhibitor enokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-thymoma ephindaphindayo okanye i-thymic carcinoma ephindaphindayo.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu nyango lomhlaza luhlobo lonyango lwebhayoloji.

  • Unyango lwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor: I-PD-1 yiprotein kumphezulu weeseli ze-T ezinceda ukugcina iimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba zijongiwe. I-PD-L1 yiprotein efumaneka kwezinye iintlobo zeeseli zomhlaza. Xa iPD-1 incamathele kwi-PD-L1, iyeka iseli T ekubulaleni iseli yomhlaza. I-PD-1 kunye ne-PD-L1 inhibitors zigcina iiprotein ze-PD-1 kunye ne-PD-L1 ekudibaniseni enye kwenye. Oku kuvumela iiseli ze-T ukuba zibulale iiseli zomhlaza. I-Pembrolizumab luhlobo lwe-PD-1 inhibitor efundwayo kunyango lwe-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma.
Isithinteli sokujonga ukungasebenzi komzimba. Iiproteni zokujonga, ezinje nge-PD-L1 kwiiseli zethumba kunye ne-PD-1 kwiiseli ze-T, zinceda ukugcina iimpendulo ze-immune zitshekishwe. Ukubopha kwe-PD-L1 ukuya kwi-PD-1 kugcina iiseli ze-T ekubulaleni iiseli zethumba emzimbeni (iphaneli yasekhohlo). Ukuthintela ukubopha kwe-PD-L1 ukuya kwi-PD-1 nge-immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 okanye anti-PD-1) ivumela iiseli ze-T ukuba zibulale iiseli zesisu (iphaneli esekunene).

Unyango lwe-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweNqanaba I kunye neBakala II Thymoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwenqanaba I-thymoma lutyando.

Unyango lwenqanaba II i-thymoma lutyando, olunokuthi lulandelwe ngonyango lwe-radiation.

Unyango lweNqanaba III kunye neNqanaba IV Thymoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwenqanaba III kunye nenqanaba IV thymoma enokuthi isuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando olulandelwa lunyango ngemitha.
  • I-Neoadjuvant chemotherapy elandelwa luqhaqho kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Unyango lwenqanaba III kunye nenqanaba IV i-thymoma engenakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • I-Chemotherapy ilandelwa ngonyango lwe-radiation.
  • I-Neoadjuvant chemotherapy elandelwa luqhaqho (ukuba luyasebenza) kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Unyango lwe-Thymic Carcinoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-thymic carcinoma olunokuthi lususwe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ugqirha olulandelwa lunyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.

Unyango lwe-thymic carcinoma olungenakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
  • I-Chemotherapy yalandela utyando, ukuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo, kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Unyango lweTymoma eQhelekileyo kunye neThymic Carcinoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-thymoma ephindayo kunye ne-thymic carcinoma inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango lwehormone (octreotide) kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-prednisone.
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo.
  • Ugqirha.
  • Unyango ngemitha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor yonyango nge-pembrolizumab.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngeThymoma kunye neThymic Carcinoma

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwi-National Cancer Institute malunga ne-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma, bona oku kulandelayo:

  • I-Thymoma kunye ne-Thymic Carcinoma Ikhasi lasekhaya
  • Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko
  • Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Malunga noMhlaza
  • Ukuqokelela
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza
  • Ukujamelana noMhlaza
  • Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer
  • Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli


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