Iindidi / iprostate / isigulana / unyango lweprostate-pdq

Ukusuka love.co
Tsibela kumkhombe Tsibela kukhangelo
This page contains changes which are not marked for translation.

Unyango lweProstate Cancer Treatment (®) -Patient Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza weProstate

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Umhlaza wamadlala sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zenzeka kwizihlunu zeprotrate.
  • Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda zibandakanya ukuhamba kobuthathaka komchamo okanye ukuchama rhoqo.
  • Uvavanyo oluvavanya iprotrate kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.
  • I-biopsy yenziwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lesinyi kunye nokufumana inqanaba lomhlaza (amanqaku eGleason).
  • Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Umhlaza wamadlala sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zeeseli zenzeka kwizihlunu zeprotrate.

IProstate lidlala kwinkqubo yokuzala yamadoda. Ilele nje ngezantsi kwesinyi (ilungu eliqokelela lize lithulule umchamo) naphambi kwerectum (indawo esezantsi yamathumbu). Imalunga nobungakanani be-walnut kwaye ijikeleze inxenye ye-urethra (ityhubhu ekhupha umchamo kwisinyi). Idlala lengqula lenza ulwelo oluyinxalenye yesidoda.

I-anatomy yeenkqubo zokuzala kunye nokuchama kwendoda, ebonisa iprotate, amasende, isinyi kunye namanye amalungu.

Umhlaza wamadlala uqheleke kakhulu emadodeni amadala. E-US, malunga ne-1 kwabahlanu yamadoda iyakufunyaniswa inomhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda zibandakanya ukuhamba kobuthathaka komchamo okanye ukuchama rhoqo.

Ezi kunye neminye imiqondiso kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza wedlala lobudoda okanye zezinye iimeko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Ubuthathaka okanye uphazanyiswe ("yima uye uhambe") ukuhamba komchamo.
  • Ngokukhawuleza unqwenela ukuchama.
  • Ukuchama rhoqo (ngakumbi ebusuku).
  • Ingxaki yokuqalisa ukuhamba komchamo.
  • Ingxaki yokukhupha isinyi ngokupheleleyo.
  • Intlungu okanye ukutshisa xa uchama.
  • Igazi kumchamo okanye kwisidoda.
  • Intlungu emqolo, esinqeni, okanye kwi-pelvis engahambiyo.
  • Ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, isiyezi, okanye ulusu olukhanyayo olubangelwa yi-anemia.

Ezinye iimeko zinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo. Njengamadoda amadala, iprostate inokuba nkulu kwaye iyithintele i-urethra okanye isinyi. Oku kunokubangela ingxaki yokuchama okanye iingxaki zesondo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), kwaye nangona ingengomhlaza, kunokufuneka kwenziwe utyando. Iimpawu ze-benign prostatic hyperplasia okanye ezinye iingxaki kwiprostate zinokufana neempawu zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

I-prostate eqhelekileyo kunye ne-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Iprostate eqhelekileyo ayikuthinteli ukuhamba komchamo kwisinyi. Uxinzelelo lweprostate olonyuselweyo kwisinyi nakwimithambo yokubopha nokuthintela ukuhamba komchamo.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya iprotrate kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

  • Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-rectal rectal (DRE): Uvavanyo lwe-rectum. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ufaka i-lubricated, iiglavu ngomnwe kwi-rectum kwaye uziva i-prostate ngodonga lwe-rectal yamaqhuma okanye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga.
Uvavanyo lweedigital rectal (DRE). Ugqirha ufaka iigloves, igrisi egalelwe i-rectum kwaye uve i-rectum, i-anus, kunye neprostate (emadodeni) ukukhangela nantoni na engaqhelekanga.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-Prostate-antigen (PSA): Uvavanyo olulinganisa inqanaba le-PSA egazini. I-PSA yinto eyenziwe yiprostate enokufumaneka kumanqanaba aphezulu kunesiqhelo egazini lamadoda anomhlaza wesibeletho. Amanqanaba e-PSA nawo angaphakama kumadoda ane-infection okanye ukuvuvukala kweprotrate okanye i-BPH (i-prostate eyandisiweyo, kodwa engabonakaliyo,).
  • Utshintsho lwe-ultrasound: Inkqubo apho iprobe elingana nobungakanani bomnwe ifakwe kwirekta ukujonga iprotrate. Iprojekhthi isetyenziselwa ukubuyisa amaza esandi aphakamileyo amandla (i-ultrasound) kwizicwili zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho kunye nokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Ukutshintsha kwe-ultrasound kunokusetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-biopsy. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound.
Utshintsho lwe-ultrasound. Inkqubo ye-ultrasound ifakwe kwi-rectum ukujonga iprotrate. Iprojekhthi igxotha amaza esandi kwizicubu zomzimba ukwenza ii-echoes ezenza i-sonogram (umfanekiso wekhompyuter) weprostate.
  • Umfanekiso oguqukayo wemagneti yomfanekiso (i-MRI): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe onamandla, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha yeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Iprojekhthi ekhupha amaza erediyo ifakiwe kwi-rectum kufutshane neprostate. Oku kunceda umatshini weMRI wenze imifanekiso ecacileyo yeprostate kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. I-MRI eguqulweyo iyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphandle kweprotrate kwizicwili ezikufuphi. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI). I-MRI eguqukayo inokusetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-biopsy. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-MRI eguqukayo ekhokelwa yi-biopsy.

I-biopsy yenziwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lesinyi kunye nokufumana inqanaba lomhlaza (amanqaku eGleason).

I-biopsy eguqukayo isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. I-biopsy eguqukayo kukususwa kwethishu kwi-Prostate ngokufaka inaliti ebhityileyo kwi-rectum nakwi-prostate. Le nkqubo inokwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-ultrasound engalunganga okanye i-MRI engaguqukiyo ukunceda ukukhokela apho iisampulu zethishu zithathwa khona. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza.

Utshintsho lwebiopsy. Inkqubo ye-ultrasound ifakwe kwi-rectum ukubonisa apho i-tumor ikhona. Emva koko kufakwa inaliti nge-rectum kwi-prostate ukususa izicwili kwi-prostate.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy yenziwa kusetyenziswa isampulu yeethishu ezazisuswe ngexesha lokuhanjiswa ngokutsha kweprostate (TURP) ukunyanga i-benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Ukuba kufunyenwe umhlaza, ugqirha wezifo uya kunika umhlaza kwinqanaba. Inqanaba lomhlaza lichaza indlela engaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli zomhlaza ezibonakala phantsi kwemicroscope kwaye ukuba umhlaza unokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye usasaze ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Inqanaba lomhlaza libizwa ngokuba ngamanqaku eGleason.

Ukunika umhlaza ibakala, ugqirha wezidumbu uhlola iisampulu zethambo leprostate ukubona ukuba lingakanani na ithumba eliqhelekileyo njengethambo eliqhelekileyo leprostate kunye nokufumana iipateni ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli. Ipateni ephambili ichaza eyona patheni ixhaphakileyo, kwaye ipateni yesibini ichaza eyona pateni iqhelekileyo. Ipatheni nganye inikwa ibakala ukusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5, kunye nebanga lesi-3 lijongeka kakhulu njengezicubu zeprostate eziqhelekileyo kunye nebanga lesi-5 lijonga elingaqhelekanga. Amabakala amabini emva koko ayongezwa ukufumana amanqaku eGleason.

Amanqaku eGleason anokuvela kwi-6 kuye kwi-10. Ukunyuka kwamanqaku eGleason, kokukhona umhlaza uya kukhula kwaye usasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Amanqaku kaGleason angama-6 ngumhlaza okumgangatho ophantsi; amanqaku e-7 ngumhlaza okumgangatho ophakathi; kwaye amanqaku e-8, 9, okanye 10 ngumhlaza okumgangatho ophezulu. Umzekelo, ukuba eyona patheni ixhaphakileyo ibanga lesi-3 kwaye ipateni yesibini ibanga lesi-4, oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lomhlaza kukwibanga lesi-3 kwaye umhlaza ungaphantsi kwibanga lesi-4. kwaye ngumhlaza okumgangatho ophakathi. Amanqaku eGleason angabhalwa njenge-3 + 4 = 7, iGleason 7/10, okanye amanqaku adibeneyo eGleason ka-7.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

  • Inqanaba lomhlaza (inqanaba le-PSA, inqaku le-Gleason, iBakala leQela, ukuba lingakanani iprostate elichaphazeleka ngumhlaza, nokuba umhlaza usasazekile nakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni).
  • Iminyaka yesigulana.
  • Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Ukhetho lonyango lunokuxhomekeka koku kulandelayo:

  • Nokuba isigulana sinezinye iingxaki zempilo.
  • Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.
  • Unyango lwangaphambili lomhlaza wedlala lesinyi.
  • Iminqweno yesigulana.

Uninzi lwamadoda afunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza wedlala lobudoda awufi ngawo.

Amanqanaba eCancer Prostate

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda uvavanyiwe, kuyavavanywa ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kweprostate okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Inqanaba leBanga le-PSA kunye nenqanaba le-PSA lisetyenziselwa ukwenza umhlaza wedlala lesinyi.
  • La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda:
  • Inqanaba I
  • Inqanaba II
  • Inqanaba III
  • Inqanaba IV
  • Umhlaza wedlala lesinyi unokuphinda ubuye (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda uvavanyiwe, kuyavavanywa ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kweprostate okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kweprostate okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yistage. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa isifo. (Jonga icandelo loLwazi oluBanzi.) Kumhlaza wesibeletho, uvavanyo lwesiteji alunakwenziwa ngaphandle kokuba isigulana sineempawu okanye imiqondiso yokuba umhlaza usasazekile, njengentlungu yethambo, inqanaba eliphezulu le-PSA, okanye amanqaku aphezulu eGleason.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela:

  • Ukuskena amathambo: Inkqubo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza, emathanjeni. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo ziqokelela emathanjeni anomhlaza kwaye zifunyenwe siskena.
Ukuskena amathambo. Inani elincinci lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa kwigazi lesigulana kwaye liqokelela kwiiseli ezingaqhelekanga emathanjeni. Njengoko isiguli silele phezu kwetafile eslayidayo phantsi kweskena, kufunyanwa into enemitha ye-radio kunye nemifanekiso yenziwe kwikhompyuter okanye kwifilimu.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).
  • Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.
  • I-Pelvic lymphadenectomy: Inkqubo yotyando yokususa ii-lymph node kwi-pelvis. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza.
  • Seminal vesicle biopsy: Ukususwa kolwelo kwii-seminal vesicles (amadlala enza amadlozi) usebenzisa inaliti. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga ulwelo phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza.
  • Ukuskena iProstaScint: Inkqubo yokujonga umhlaza osele usasazekile ukusuka kwiprostate ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba, anjengee-lymph node. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha yeathomathikhi zinamathele kwiiseli zomhlaza webala lobudoda kwaye zifunyenwe siskena Izinto ezinokusasazeka ngemitha zibonisa njengendawo eqaqambileyo emfanekisweni kwiindawo apho uninzi lweeseli zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda usasazeka uye emathanjeni, iiseli zomhlaza ezisethanjeni ziiseli zomhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Esi sifo ngumhlaza wedlala lobudoda, hayi umhlaza wethambo.

I-Denosumab, i-anti-monoclonal antibody, ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-bone metastases.

Inqanaba leBanga le-PSA kunye nenqanaba le-PSA lisetyenziselwa ukwenza umhlaza wedlala lesinyi.

Inqanaba lomhlaza lisekwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokulinganisa kunye nokuqonda isifo, kubandakanya uvavanyo lweprostate-specific antigen (PSA) kunye neQela leBanga. Iisampulu zeethishu ezisuswe ngexesha le-biopsy zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa amanqaku eGleason. Amanqaku eGleason avela ku-2 ukuya ku-10 kwaye achaza ukuba zahluke njani iiseli zomhlaza ezivela kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo phantsi kwemicroscope kunye nokuba kungenzeka njani ukuba eli thumba lisasazeke. Inani eliphantsi, kokukhona iiseli zomhlaza zibonakala njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule kwaye zisasazeke kancinci.

Iqela leBakala lixhomekeke kumanqaku eGleason. Jonga icandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenqaku leGleason.

  • Iqela leBakala 1 linqaku leGleason le-6 okanye ngaphantsi.
  • IBakala leBanga lesi-2 okanye lesi-3 linamanqaku eGleason angama-7.
  • IBakala leBakala 4 linqaku leGleason 8.
  • Iqela leBakala 5 linqaku leGleason le-9 okanye le-10.

Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lulinganisa inqanaba le-PSA egazini. I-PSA yinto eyenziwe yiprostate enokuthi ifunyanwe kwinani elonyukayo egazini lamadoda anomhlaza wesibeletho.

La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza wedlala lobudoda:

Inqanaba I

Inqanaba I umhlaza webele. Umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-Prostate kuphela. Umhlaza awuvalelwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwedijithali kwaye ufunyanwa nge-biopsy yenaliti eyenzelwe inqanaba le-antigen (PSA) ephezulu okanye kwisampulu yethishu esuswe ngexesha lotyando ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye iQela leBanga li-1; OKANYE umhlaza uvakala ngexesha lovavanyo lwedijithali kwaye ufumaneka kwisiqingatha okanye ngaphantsi kwelinye icala lendlala. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye iQela leBakala li-1.
  • ayiveli kuvavanyo lwedijithali kwaye ifunyanwa nge-biopsy yenaliti (eyenzelwe inqanaba eliphezulu le-PSA) okanye kwisampulu yethishu esuswe ngexesha lotyando ngenxa yezinye izizathu (ezinjenge-benign prostatic hyperplasia). Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye iQela leBakala li-1; okanye
  • ivakala ngexesha lovavanyo lwedijithali kwaye ifunyanwa kwisiqingatha okanye ngaphantsi kwelinye icala lendlala. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye iQela leBakala li-1.

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba II, umhlaza uhambele phambili kunakwinqanaba I, kodwa awusasazekanga ngaphandle kweprotrate. Inqanaba II lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba IIA, IIB, kunye ne-IIC.

Isigaba IIA somhlaza webele. Umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-Prostate kuphela. Umhlaza ufunyanwa kwisiqingatha okanye ngaphantsi kwelinye icala lendlala. Inqanaba le-antigen (PSA) yeprostate-okungenani i-10 kodwa ingaphantsi kwe-20 kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1; OKANYE umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha secala leprostate okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iQela leBanga li-1.

Kwinqanaba IIA, umhlaza:

  • ifumaneka kwisiqingatha okanye ngaphantsi kwelinye icala leprotate. Inqanaba le-PSA ubuncinci li-10 kodwa lingaphantsi kwe-20 kwaye iBakala leBakala li-1; okanye
  • ifumaneka ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha secala elinye lendlala okanye kumacala omabini endlala yesinye. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1.
Isigaba IIB somhlaza wesibeletho. Umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-Prostate kuphela. Umhlaza ufunyanwa kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-antigen ekhethekileyo yeprostate ingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iBanga leBanga li-2.

Kwinqanaba IIB, umhlaza:

  • ifumaneka kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iQela leBanga li-2.
Isigaba somhlaza wesifo seprotate. Umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-Prostate kuphela. Umhlaza ufunyanwa kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-antigen ekhethekileyo yeprostate ingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iBanga leBanga li-3 okanye 4.

Kwinqanaba le-IIC, umhlaza:

  • ifumaneka kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-PSA lingaphantsi kwama-20 kwaye iBanga leBanga li-3 okanye 4.

Inqanaba III

Inqanaba III lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba IIIA, IIIB, kunye IIIC.

Isigaba IIIA somhlaza webele. Umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-Prostate kuphela. Umhlaza ufunyanwa kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-antigen ekhethekileyo yeprostate ubuncinci i-20 kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1, 2, 3, okanye 4.

Kwinqanaba IIIA, umhlaza:

  • ifumaneka kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini endlala. Inqanaba le-PSA ubuncinci ngama-20 kwaye iQela leBanga li-1, 2, 3, okanye 4.
Isigaba IIIB somhlaza wesibeletho. Umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kwiprostate ukuya kwii-vesicles ze-seminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kumalungu, njenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. I-antigen ekhethekileyo ye-Prostate inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1, 2, 3, okanye 4.

Kwinqanaba IIIB, umhlaza:

  • sele isasazekile ukusuka kwiprostate ukuya kwii-vesicles ze-seminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kumalungu, njenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. I-PSA inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1, 2, 3, okanye 4.
Isigaba IIIC somhlaza wesibeletho. Umhlaza ufunyenwe kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini eprostate kwaye unokuthi usasazeke kwizambatho zeseminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kwizitho, ezinjenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. I-antigen ekhethekileyo ye-Prostate inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-5.

Kwinqanaba IIIC, umhlaza:

  • ifunyenwe kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini eprostate kwaye inokuthi isasazeke kwiimvumba zeseminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kwizitho, ezinjenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. I-PSA inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-5.

Inqanaba IV

Isigaba IV sahlulwe sangamanqanaba e-IVA kunye ne-IVB.

Isigaba somhlaza wesifo seprotate. Umhlaza ufunyenwe kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini eprostate kwaye unokuthi usasazeke kwizambatho zeseminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kwizitho, ezinjenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. Umhlaza unwenwele kwiindawo ezikufutshane. I-antigen ekhethekileyo ye-Prostate inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1, 2, 3, 4, okanye 5.

Kwinqanaba le-IVA, umhlaza:

  • ifunyenwe kwelinye okanye kumacala omabini eprostate kwaye inokuthi isasazeke kwiimvumba zeseminal okanye kwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kwizitho, ezinjenge-rectum, bladder, okanye udonga lwe-pelvic. Umhlaza unwenwele kwiindawo ezikufutshane. I-PSA inokuba kulo naliphi na inqanaba kwaye iBakala leBanga li-1, 2, 3, 4, okanye 5.
Inqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele. Umhlaza unwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezinje ngamathambo okanye kwiindawo ezikude.

Kwinqanaba le-IVB, umhlaza:

  • sele isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengamathambo okanye iindawo ezikude nkovu. Umhlaza wamadlala udla ngokunwenwela emathanjeni.

Umhlaza wedlala lesinyi unokuphinda ubuye (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe.

Umhlaza ungabuya kwakhona kwiprostate okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wedlala lobudoda.
  • Iindlela ezisixhenxe zonyango olusetyenziswayo:
  • Ukulinda okubukeleyo okanye ukubek 'esweni
  • Ugqirha
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nonyango lwe-radiopharmaceutical
  • Unyango lweHormone
  • Unyango ngamayeza
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
  • Unyango lwe-Bisphosphonate
  • Kukho unyango lweentlungu zethambo ezibangelwa yimastastase yethambo okanye unyango lwehomoni.
  • Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Utyando
  • Unyango lwe-ultrasound egxile kakhulu
  • Unyango ngemitha yeproton
  • Unyango lwe-Photodynamic
  • Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lobudoda lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.
  • Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wedlala lobudoda.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindlela ezisixhenxe zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

Ukulinda okubukeleyo okanye ukubek 'esweni

Ukulinda okubukeleyo kunye nokujonga okusebenzayo kunyango olusetyenziselwa amadoda amadala angenazo iimpawu okanye iimpawu okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango kunye nakumadoda anomhlaza wesibeletho ofunyenwe kuvavanyo lokuhlola.

Ukuhlala ulindile kubeka esweni imeko yesigulana ngaphandle kokunikezela ngonyango de kuvele iimpawu okanye utshintsho. Unyango lunikezelwa ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Ukuqwalaselwa ngokukuko kulandela imeko yesigulana ngaphandle kokunika naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kokuba kukho utshintsho kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Isetyenziselwa ukufumana iimpawu zokuqala ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu. Ekuqwalaselweni okusebenzayo, izigulana zinikwa iimviwo ezithile kunye novavanyo, kubandakanya novavanyo lwe-digital rectal, uvavanyo lwe-PSA, i-transrectal ultrasound, kunye ne-transveralal biopsy yenaliti, ukujonga ukuba umhlaza uyakhula na. Xa umhlaza uqala ukukhula, unyango luyanikezelwa ukunyanga umhlaza.

Amanye amagama asetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukunganikeli unyango lokunyanga umhlaza wedlala kanye emva kokuxilongwa kukujonga, ukubukela kunye nokulinda, kunye nolawulo olulindelekileyo.

Ugqirha

Izigulana ezisempilweni entle enesifo esikwi-prostate gland kuphela zinokunyangwa ngoqhaqho ukususa ithumba. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zotyando zisetyenziswa:

  • Radical prostatectomy: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa iprotrate, izicwili ezijikelezileyo, kunye ne-seminal vesicles. Ukususwa kwee-lymph node ezikufutshane kunokwenziwa ngaxeshanye. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-radical prostatectomy zibandakanya:
  • I-radical prostatectomy evulekileyo: Ukucanda (ukusikwa) kwenziwa kwindawo ebuyayo (emazantsi esisu) okanye kwi-perineum (indawo ephakathi kwe-anus ne-scrotum). Utyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa. Kunzima ukuba ugqirha agqibe imithambo-luvo kufutshane neprostate okanye asuse ii-lymph node ezikufuphi ngendlela ye-perineum.
  • I-radar laparoscopic prostatectomy: Amacandelo amancinci amancinci (ukusika) enziwa eludongeni lwesisu. I-laparoscope (isixhobo esincinci, esifana ne-tube-like kunye nokukhanya kunye neelensi zokubukela) ifakwe kwisithuba esinye sokukhokela utyando. Izixhobo zotyando zifakwa kolunye uvalo lokwenza utyando.
  • Irobhothi encediswa yi-laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Amacandelo amancinci amancinci ayenziwa eludongeni lwesisu, njengakwilaptosctic prostatectomy yesiqhelo. Ugqirha ufaka isixhobo ngekhamera ngenye yeendawo ezivulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlinzwa ngokusebenzisa ezinye izivulo usebenzisa iingalo ze-robotic. Ikhamera inika ugqirha ugqirha imbonakalo ye-3-dimensional yeprostate kunye nolwakhiwo olungqongileyo. Ugqirha usebenzisa iingalo zerobhothi ukwenza utyando ngelixa ehleli esweni sekhompyuter ecaleni kwetafile yokusebenza.
Iindidi ezimbini ze-radical prostatectomy. Kwi-retropubic prostatectomy, iprostate iyasuswa ngokuqhekezwa eludongeni lwesisu. Kwi-perineal prostatectomy, iprostate iyasuswa ngokuqunjelwa kwindawo phakathi kweproteum kunye ne-anus.
  • I-Pelvic lymphadenectomy: Inkqubo yotyando yokususa ii-lymph node kwi-pelvis. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba ii-lymph node ziqulathe umhlaza, ugqirha akazukususa iprotrate kwaye unokucebisa ngolunye unyango.
  • Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kweprostate (TURP): Inkqubo yotyando yokususa izicwili kwiprostate usebenzisa i-resectoscope (ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo kunye nesixhobo sokusika) efakwe kwi-urethra. Le nkqubo yenziwa ukunyanga i-benign prostatic hypertrophy kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyenziwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa sisisu ngaphambi kokuba kunikwe olunye unyango lomhlaza. I-TURP inokwenziwa emadodeni anesisu esikwi-Prostate kuphela kwaye angenakuba nayo i-Prostatectomy egqibeleleyo.
Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kweprostate (TURP). Izicubu ziyasuswa kwi-Prostate kusetyenziswa i-resectoscope (ityhubhu ecekeceke, ekhanyisiweyo kunye nesixhobo sokusika ekugqibeleni) efakwe kwi-urethra. Izicubu zeprostate ethintela i-urethra iyasikwa kwaye isuswe kwi-resectoscope.

Ngamanye amaxesha, imithambo-luvo elawula ukwakhiwa kwe-penile inokugcinwa ngoqhaqho olwenzakalisa imithambo-luvo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka kumadoda anamaqhuqhuva amakhulu okanye amathumba asondele kakhulu kwimithambo-luvo.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho emva kotyando lomhlaza wedlala lobudoda zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukungabi namandla.
  • Ukuvuza komchamo kwisinyi okanye isitulo kwi-rectum.
  • Ukwenza mfutshane kwilungu lobudoda (iisentimitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2). Isizathu ngqo soku asaziwa.
  • Inguinal hernia (ukutyeba kwamafutha okanye inxenye yamathumbu amancinci ngezihlunu ezibuthathaka kwi-groin). I-hernia ye-Inguinal inokwenzeka rhoqo kumadoda anyangwe nge-radical prostatectomy kunakwamadoda aneentlobo ezithile zotyando lweprostate, unyango lwe-radiation, okanye i-prostate biopsy yodwa. Inokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala emva kweprostatectomy.

Unyango ngemitha kunye nonyango lwe-radiopharmaceutical

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwemitha:

  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza. Imitha ye-Conformal luhlobo lonyango lwangaphandle lwemitha olusebenzisa ikhompyuter ukwenza umfanekiso we-3-dimensional (3-D) wethumba kunye nemilo yemitha ye-radiation ukuze ilingane nethumba. Oku kuvumela idosi ephezulu yemitha ukuba ifikelele kwithumba kwaye ibangele umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni ezikufutshane.

Unyango lwe-radiation olungenakunyanzeliswa lunokunikwa kuba lunocwangciso olulula ngakumbi lonyango. Unyango lwe-radiation olunganyanzelekanga lonyango lwe-radiation apho kunikelwa khona idosi enkulu kunesiqhelo yemitha inikwa kanye ngemini ixesha elifutshane (iintsuku ezimbalwa) xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lwemitha oluqhelekileyo. Unyango lwe-radiation olungenakunyanzeliswa lunokuba neziphumo ezibi ngakumbi kunonyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-radiation, kuxhomekeke kwiishedyuli ezisetyenzisiweyo.

  • Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza. Kumhlaza webala lobudoda kwangoko, imbewu ye-radioactive ibekwa kwiprostate kusetyenziswa iinaliti ezifakwe kulusu phakathi kwesikram kunye ne-rectum. Ukubekwa kwembewu eqhumayo kwi-Prostate kukhokelwa yimifanekiso evela kwi-ultrasound eguqukayo okanye kwikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT). Iinaliti ziyasuswa emva kokuba imbewu ye-radioactive ibekwe kwiprostate.
  • Unyango lweRadiopharmaceutical lisebenzisa into enemitha yeathomisi ukunyanga umhlaza. Unyango lwe-Radiopharmaceutical lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Unyango lweAlpha emitter radiation lusebenzisa into enemitha yokunyanga umhlaza wedlala lobubovu osasazeke waya ethanjeni. Into enemitha ye-radio ebizwa ngokuba yi-radium-223 itofwe emthanjeni kwaye ihamba ngegazi. I-radium-223 iqokelela kwiindawo ezinethambo ezinomhlaza kwaye ibulale iiseli zomhlaza.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha, unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha, kunye nonyango lwe-radiopharmaceutical zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wedlala lesinyi.

Amadoda anyangwe ngonyango lwe-radiation kumhlaza wesifo sobudoda anengozi enkulu yokuba nesinyi kunye / okanye umhlaza wamathumbu.

Unyango ngemitha lunokubangela ukungabi namandla kunye neengxaki zokuchama ezinokuya zisiba mandundu ngokuguga.

Unyango lweHormone

Unyango lweHormone lunyango lomhlaza olususa iincindi zamadlala okanye ibhlokhe isenzo sabo kwaye luyekise iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni. IiHormone zizinto ezenziwe ngamadlala emzimbeni kwaye zijikelezwa kwigazi. Kumhlaza wedlala lobudoda, iihomoni zesini esingamadoda zinokubangela ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda ukhule. Iziyobisi, utyando, okanye ezinye iihomoni zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lamahomoni angamadoda okanye ukubathintela ekusebenzeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-androgen yokunyanga unyango (ADT).

Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza wedlala lobudoda lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • I-Abiraterone acetate inokuthintela iiseli zomhlaza wesibeletho ekwenzeni i-androgens. Isetyenziswa emadodeni anomhlaza womdlavuza weprostate ongafumananga bhetele ngolunye unyango lwehomoni.
  • I-Orchiectomy yinkqubo yotyando lokususa ityhalarha elinye okanye omabini, owona mthombo uphambili wamahomoni angamadoda, anje nge testosterone, ukunciphisa inani lehomoni eyenziwa.
  • I-Estrogens (iihormoni ezikhuthaza iimpawu zesini sabasetyhini) zinokuthintela amasende ekwenzeni i-testosterone. Nangona kunjalo, ii-estrogens kunqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe namhlanje kunyango lomhlaza wedlala lendlala ngenxa yomngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi.
  • Ukunciphisa i-hormone yokukhupha i-hormone agonists kunokumisa amasende ekwenzeni i-testosterone. Imizekelo yileuprolide, goserelin, kunye ne-buserelin.
  • I-Antiandrogens inokuthintela isenzo se-androgens (iihormoni ezikhuthaza iimpawu zesini samadoda), ezinje nge testosterone. Imizekelo yiflutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, kunye ne-nilutamide.
  • Iziyobisi ezinokuthintela iincindi zamadlala ekwenzeni i-androgens kubandakanya ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone, kunye neprogesterone.

Ukukhanya okushushu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo, ukuphulukana nomnqweno wesini, kunye namathambo abuthathaka angenzeka kumadoda anyangwa unyango lwehomoni. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibandakanya urhudo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokurhawuzelela.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zeCancer Prostate ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zeCancer Prostate ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu nyango lomhlaza luhlobo lonyango lwebhayoloji. I-Sipuleucel-T luhlobo lwe-immunotherapy esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza webala lobudoda oluye lwasasazeka (lwasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba).

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zeCancer Prostate ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango lwe-Bisphosphonate

Amachiza e-Bisphosphonate, anje nge-clodronate okanye i-zoledronate, anciphisa isifo samathambo xa umhlaza usasazekile kwithambo. Amadoda anyangwa unyango lwe-antiandrogen okanye i-orchiectomy asengozini yokulahleka kwethambo. Kula madoda, iziyobisi ze-bisphosphonate zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwethambo (ikhefu). Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-bisphosphonate ukunqanda okanye ukucothisa ukukhula kwamathambo e-metastases kufundwa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kukho unyango lweentlungu zethambo ezibangelwa yimastastase yethambo okanye unyango lwehomoni.

Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda osele unwenwe kwithambo kwaye iintlobo ezithile zonyango lwehomoni zinokuwenza buthathaka amathambo kwaye zikhokelele kwintlungu yethambo. Unyango lwentlungu yethambo lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Iyeza leentlungu.
  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha.
  • IStrontium-89 (unomathotholo).
  • Unyango olujolise kwi-anti-monoclonal antibody, enje nge-denosumab.
  • Unyango lwe-Bisphosphonate.
  • ICorticosteroids.

Jonga isishwankathelo se kwiNtlungu ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Utyando

I-Cryosurgery lunyango olusebenzisa isixhobo sokukhenkcisa kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza webele. I-Ultrasound isetyenziselwa ukufumana indawo eza kunyangwa. Olu hlobo lonyango lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-cryotherapy.

I-cryosurgery inokubangela ukungabi namandla kunye nokuvuza komchamo kwisinyi okanye isitulo esivela kwiraphu.

Unyango lwe-ultrasound egxile kakhulu

Unyango oluphezulu olugxile kwi-ultrasound lunyango olusebenzisa i-ultrasound (amaza esandi aphembelela amandla) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ukunyanga umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, kusetyenziswa iproreorectal probe ukwenza amaza esandi.

Unyango ngemitha yeproton

Unyango lwe-Proton beam radiation luhlobo lwamandla amakhulu, unyango lwangaphandle olujolise kwizilonda ezinemisinga yeeproton (ezincinci, ezinamacala aqinisekileyo). Olu hlobo lonyango lwemitha lufundwa kunyango lomhlaza wedlala lobubovu.

Unyango lwe-Photodynamic

Unyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa ichiza kunye nohlobo oluthile lokukhanya kwelaser ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iyeza elingasebenziyo lide libonakaliswe kukukhanya lifakwe emthanjeni. Iyeza liqokelela ngakumbi kwiiseli zomhlaza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo. Imibhobho ye-fiberoptic isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ukukhanya kwelaser kwiiseli zomhlaza, apho iyeza lisebenza kwaye libulale iiseli. Unyango lwe-Photodynamic lubangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga amathumba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphantsi nje kwesikhumba okanye kuludwe lwangaphakathi.

Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lobudoda lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweNqanaba I Prostate Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango olusemgangathweni kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webala leprostate linokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukulinda ulindile.
  • Ukujonga ngokukuko. Ukuba umhlaza uqala ukukhula, unyango lwehomoni lunokunikwa.
  • I-radical prostatectomy, ihlala ine-pelvic lymphadenectomy. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva kotyando.
  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Unyango lweHormone lunokunikwa emva konyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha kunye nembewu enemitha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango oluphezulu olugxile kugqirha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-photodynamic.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-cryosurgery.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCandelo II loMhlaza weProstate

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango olusemgangathweni lwesigaba sesibini somhlaza wedlala lesibindi lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukulinda ulindile.
  • Ukujonga ngokukuko. Ukuba umhlaza uqala ukukhula, unyango lwehomoni lunokunikwa.
  • I-radical prostatectomy, ihlala ine-pelvic lymphadenectomy. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva kotyando.
  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Unyango lweHormone lunokunikwa emva konyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha kunye nembewu enemitha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-cryosurgery.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango oluphezulu olugxile kugqirha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwepronon beam yonyango.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-photodynamic.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lweentlobo ezintsha zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lwehomoni olulandelwa yi-radical prostatectomy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweSigaba III soMhlaza weProstate

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango olusemgangathweni lwesigaba se-III somhlaza wesibeletho unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Unyango lweHormone lunokunikwa emva konyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango lweHormone. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva konyango lwehomoni.
  • Iprostatectomy egqibeleleyo. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva kotyando.
  • Ukulinda ulindile.
  • Ukujonga ngokukuko. Ukuba umhlaza uqala ukukhula, unyango lwehomoni lunokunikwa.

Unyango lokulawula umhlaza okwiprostate kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zokuchama kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha.
  • Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha kunye nembewu enemitha.
  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kweprostate (TURP).
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lweentlobo ezintsha zonyango lwemitha.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-cryosurgery.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweSigaba IV seCostate Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele leprostate linokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Unyango lweHormone ludityaniswe nekhemotherapy.
  • Unyango lwe-Bisphosphonate.
  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Unyango lweHormone lunokunikwa emva konyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango lwe-alpha emitter yonyango.
  • Ukulinda ulindile.
  • Ukujonga ngokukuko. Ukuba umhlaza uqala ukukhula, unyango lwehomoni lunokunikwa.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-radical prostatectomy kunye ne-orchiectomy.

Unyango lokulawula umhlaza okwiprostate kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zokuchama kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kweprostate (TURP).
  • Unyango ngemitha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCancer Prostate eQhelekileyo okanye iHormone

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango olusemgangathweni lomhlaza ophindaphindiweyo okanye onganyangekiyo kwihomoni wendlala unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • I-Chemotherapy kwizigulana esele ziphathwe ngonyango lwehomoni.
  • Unyango lwe-Biologic nge-sipuleucel-T kwizigulana esele ziphathwe ngonyango lwehomoni.
  • Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha.
  • Iprostatectomy kwizigulana esele ziphathwe ngonyango lwemitha.
  • Unyango lwe-alpha emitter yonyango.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngeCancer Prostate

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza wedlala lendlala, bona oku kulandelayo:

  • Iphepha lasekhaya leCancer Prostate
  • Umhlaza weSibeletho, isondlo, kunye neziXhobo zokutya
  • Uthintelo loMhlaza weSifo seProstate
  • Uvavanyo lweCancer Prostate
  • Iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo kwiCancer Prostate
  • Uvavanyo lwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
  • Unyango lweHormone lweCancer Prostate
  • Ukhetho kunyango lwaMadoda aneCancer yeprostate yamanqanaba okuqala
  • I-Cryosurgery kunyango lweCancer

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Malunga noMhlaza
  • Ukuqokelela
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza
  • Ukujamelana noMhlaza
  • Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer
  • Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli


Yongeza uluvo lwakho
love.co yamkela zonke izimvo . Ukuba awufuni ukungaziwa, bhalisa okanye ungene . Isimahla.

Retrieved from "http://love.co/index.php?title=Types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq&oldid=37493"