Iindidi / parathyroid / isigulana / unyango lweparathyroid-pdq

Unyango lweParathyroid Cancer (®) -Patient Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza weParathyroid

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza weparathyroid sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenzeka kwizicubu zedlala leparathyroid.

• Ukuba neengxaki ezithile ezizuzwe njengelifa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza weparathyroid.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza weparathyroid zibandakanya ubuthathaka, ukuziva udiniwe, kunye nesigaqa entanyeni.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya intamo kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza weparathyroid.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Umhlaza weparathyroid sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenzeka kwizicubu zedlala leparathyroid.

Amathambo e-parathyroid ngamalungu amane erhasi afunyanwa entanyeni kufutshane ne-thyroid gland. Amadlala e-parathyroid enza ihomoni yeparathyroid (PTH okanye parathormone). I-PTH inceda umzimba ukuba usebenzise kwaye ugcine i-calcium ukugcina ikhalsiyam esegazini kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo.

I-Anatomy ye-thyroid kunye neengqungquthela ze-parathyroid. Idlala lengqula lilele emazantsi omqala kufutshane netrachea. Imile okwebhabhathane, kunye nelobe yasekunene kunye ne-lobe yasekhohlo edityaniswe sisiqwengana sesicwili esibizwa ngokuba sisicu. Amadlala aparathyroid ngamalungu amane erhasi afunyanwa entanyeni kufutshane nedlala lengqula. Idlala lengqula nelamadlala enza ihomoni.

Ingqungquthela ye-parathyroid ingaba nzima kwaye yenze i-PTH eninzi, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperparathyroidism. I-Hyperparathyroidism inokwenzeka xa ithumba elibi (elingelomhlaza), elibizwa ngokuba yi-adenoma, lenza olunye lweedlala ze-parathyroid, kwaye lubangele ukuba lukhule kwaye lube ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha i-hyperparathyroidism inokubangelwa ngumhlaza weparathyroid, kodwa oku kunqabile.

I-PTH eyongezelelweyo ibangela:

• Ikhalsiyam egcinwe emathanjeni ukuba iye egazini.

• Amathumbu okufunxa ikhalsiyam eninzi ekutyeni esikutyayo.

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini).

I-hypercalcemia ebangelwa yi-hyperparathyroidism ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye isongela ubomi kunomdlavuza weparathyroid ngokwawo kunye nokunyanga i-hypercalcemia kubaluleke njengokunyanga umhlaza.

Ukuba neengxaki ezithile ezizuzwe njengelifa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza weparathyroid.

Nantoni na eyonyusa ithuba lokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Imiba yomngcipheko womhlaza weparathyroid ibandakanya ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zinqabileyo ezizuzwa njengelifa (ezidluliselwe kumzali ziye emntwaneni):

• Ulwalamano oluqhelekileyo olwahlukileyo lwe-hyperparathyroidism (FIHP).

• Uhlobo lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo 1 (MEN1) yesifo.

Unyango ngamayeza onyango kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-adenoma yeparathyroid.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza weparathyroid zibandakanya ubuthathaka, ukuziva udiniwe, kunye nesigaqa entanyeni.

Uninzi lweempawu zomhlaza weparathyroid kunye neempawu zibangelwa yi-hypercalcemia ekhulayo. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-hypercalcemia zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ubuthathaka.

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe.

• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.

• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

• Ukunxanwa ngakumbi kunesiqhelo.

• Ukuchama ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo.

• Ukuqunjelwa.

• Ingxaki yokucinga ngokucacileyo.

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza weparathyroid zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Intlungu esiswini, ecaleni, okanye ngasemva engahambi.

• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni.

• Ithambo elaphukileyo.

• Isigaqa entanyeni.

• Guqula kwilizwi njengokugquma.

• Ingxaki yokuginya.

Ezinye iimeko zinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo kunye neempawu zomhlaza weparathyroid. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya intamo kunye negazi zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza weparathyroid.

Nje ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-hyperparathyroidism ifunyanwe, iimvavanyo zokucinga zinokwenziwa ukunceda ekufumaneni ukuba leliphi na lamadlala okubola eligqithisileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha amadlala e-parathyroid kunzima ukuwafumana kwaye uvavanyo lwe-imaging lwenziwa ukufumana kanye apho bakhoyo.

Umhlaza weparathyroid kunokuba nzima ukuwuchonga kuba iiseli ze-adenoma enobungozi kunye nomhlaza onobuhlungu obukhathalayo ujongeka ngokufanayo. Iimpawu zesigulana, amanqanaba egazi e-calcium kunye nehomoni yeparathyroid, kunye neempawu zethumba zikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza isifo.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lwento elinokuba ngumqondiso wesifo. Ukuchonga umhlaza weparathyroid, isampuli yegazi ihlolwe kwinqanaba layo le-calcium.

• Uvavanyo lwehomoni lweParathyroid: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa ubungakanani behomoni yeparathyroid ekhutshwe egazini ziingqaqambo zeparathyroid. Ixabiso eliphezulu kuneliqhelekileyo lehomoni yeparathyroid inokuba luphawu lwesifo.

• Ukuskena kweSestamibi: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan esetyenziselwa ukufumana i-parathyroid gland egqithisileyo. Inani elincinci kakhulu le-radioactive ebizwa ngokuba yi-technetium 99 lifakwe kwi-vein kwaye lihamba ngegazi ukuya kwi-parathyroid gland. Izinto ezinokusasazeka ngemitha ziya kuqokelela kwindlala egqithisileyo kwaye zibonise ngokuqaqambileyo kwikhamera ekhethekileyo efumanisa i-radioactivity.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Isigulana silele kwitafile etyibilika kwiskena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

• Uvavanyo lwe-SPECT (ukukhutshwa kwe-photon eyodwa ekhompyutheni ye-tomography scan): Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi entanyeni. Inani elincinci lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni okanye litsale ngeempumlo. Njengoko into ihamba ngegazi, ikhamera iyajikeleza emzimbeni kwaye ithathe imifanekiso yentamo. Ikhompyuter isebenzisa imifanekiso ukwenza i-3-dimensional (3-D) umfanekiso wentamo. Kuya kubakho ukwanda kokuhamba kwegazi kunye nomsebenzi omninzi kwiindawo apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhula khona. Ezi ndawo ziya kubonakala ngokuqaqambileyo emfanekisweni.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho zokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram.

• I-Angiogram: Inkqubo yokujonga imithambo yegazi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Idayi eyahlukileyo itofelwe kwisitya segazi. Njengoko idayi eyahlukileyo ihamba kwisitya segazi, ii-x-reyi zithathwa ukubona ukuba akukho naziphi na izithintelo.

• Venous sampling: Inkqubo apho kuthathwa khona isampulu yegazi kwimithambo ethile kwaye ihlolwe ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. Ukuba iimvavanyo zokucinga azibonisi ukuba yeyiphi i-parathyroid gland engaphezulu, iisampulu zegazi zinokuthathwa kwimithambo kufutshane nedlala ngalinye leparathyroid ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi eyenza iPTH eninzi.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Nokuba inqanaba lecalcium egazini inokulawulwa.

• Inqanaba lomhlaza.

• Ingaba i-tumor kunye ne-capsule ejikeleze i-tumor ingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngophando.

• Impilo yomguli ngokubanzi.

Amanqanaba eCarathyroid Cancer

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza weparathyroid, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zinwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Akukho nkqubo yokubeka emgangathweni yomhlaza weparathyroid.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza weparathyroid, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zinwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza sele usasazekile na kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba anje ngemiphunga, isibindi, ithambo, intliziyo, ipancreas, okanye ii-lymph node:

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Isigulana silele kwitafile etyibilika kwiskena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza weparathyroid unwenwela emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziiseli zomhlaza onomdla. Esi sifo sisifo somhlaza esibonakalayo, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Akukho nkqubo yokubeka emgangathweni yomhlaza weparathyroid.

Umhlaza weparathyroid uchazwa njengowasekhaya okanye we-metastatic:

• Umhlaza wasekhaya we-parathyroid ufumaneka kwi-parathyroid gland kwaye unokuthi usasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane.

• Umhlaza we-metastatic parathyroid umhlaza uye wasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba, anje ngemiphunga, isibindi, ithambo, ingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo, ipancreas, okanye ii-lymph node.

Umhlaza ophindaphindiweyo weParathyroid

Umhlaza ophindaphindiweyo weparathyroid ngumhlaza ophindaphindiweyo (ubuyile) emva kokuba unyangiwe. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezigulana eziphindayo. Umhlaza weparathyroid uhlala ubuyela phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemihlanu emva kotyando lokuqala, kodwa unokuphinda ufike kwiminyaka engama-20 kamva. Ihlala ibuya kwizicubu okanye i-lymph node entanyeni. Amanqanaba aphezulu egazi e-calcium avela emva konyango anokuba luphawu lokuqala lokuphindaphinda.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza weparathyroid.

• Unyango lubandakanya ukulawulwa kwe-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini) kwizigulana ezine-parathyroid gland egqithisileyo.

• Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Inkxaso yenkxaso

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lomhlaza weparathyroid lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza weparathyroid.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza weparathyroid. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kwizilingo zonyango. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Unyango lubandakanya ukulawulwa kwe-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini) kwizigulana ezine-parathyroid gland egqithisileyo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe inani le-hormone ye-parathyroid eyenziweyo kunye nokulawula inqanaba le-calcium egazini, isisu esininzi kunokwenzeka sisuswe kuqhaqho. Kwizigulana ezingenakho ukwenza utyando, amayeza anokusetyenziswa.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando (ukususa umhlaza ekusebenzeni) lolona nyango luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza okwi-parathyroid okanye osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Kuba umhlaza weparathyroid ukhula kancinci, umhlaza osele usasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba ungasuswa ngotyando ukuze unyange isigulana okanye ulawule iziphumo zesifo ixesha elide. Ngaphambi kotyando, unyango lunikezelwa kulawulo lwehypercalcemia.

Kungasetyenziswa ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• En bloc resection: Utyando ukususa yonke i-parathyroid gland kunye ne-capsule ejikeleze yona. Ngamanye amaxesha i-lymph node, isiqingatha sedlala lengqula kwicala elinye lomzimba njengomhlaza, kunye nezihlunu, izicwili, kunye nemithambo-luvo entanyeni nayo iyasuswa.

• I-Tumor debulking: Inkqubo yotyando apho kususwe khona ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Amanye amathumba awanakususwa ngokupheleleyo.

• I-Metastasectomy: Utyando lokususa nawuphina umhlaza osasazeke kwizitho ezikude ezifana nomphunga.

Utyando lomhlaza weparathyroid ngamanye amaxesha lonakalisa imithambo-luvo yeentambo zezwi. Kukho unyango olunokukunceda kwiingxaki zokuthetha ezibangelwa ngulo monakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.

Unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphandle lwentloko nentamo. Umatshini usetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwimitha ephezulu yamandla kumhlaza. Umatshini unokujikeleza ujikeleze isigulana, ahambise imitha evela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukubonelela ngonyango oluhambisanayo. Imaski yemaski inceda ukugcina intloko nentamo yesigulana ekuhambeni kwonyango. Iimpawu ezincinci ze-inki zibekwa kwimaski. Amanqaku e-inki asetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umatshini we-radiation kwindawo efanayo phambi konyango ngalunye.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza weparathyroid.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Inkxaso yenkxaso

Inkathalelo yenkxaso inikwa ukunciphisa iingxaki ezibangelwa sesi sifo okanye unyango lwaso. Inkathalo yokuxhasa i-hypercalcemia ebangelwa ngumhlaza weparathyroid inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV).

• Iziyobisi ezonyusa ukuba ungakanani na umchamo owenziwa ngumzimba.

• Iziyobisi eziyekisa umzimba ekufunxeni i-calcium ekutyeni esikutyayo.

• Iziyobisi eziyekisa i-parathyroid gland ekwenzeni i-hormone yeparathyroid.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lomhlaza weparathyroid lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Umhlaza weparathyroid uhlala ubuyela. Izigulana kufuneka ziye kuvavanywa rhoqo ubomi bazo bonke, ukuze zifumane kwaye ziphinde zibuye kwakhona kwangoko.

Ukhetho kunyango lweCarathyroid Cancer

Kweli Candelo

• Umhlaza wasekhaya weParathyroid

• Umhlaza weMetastatic Parathyroid

• Umhlaza ophindaphindiweyo weParathyroid

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Umhlaza wasekhaya weParathyroid

Unyango lomhlaza wasekhaya weparathyroid unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (en bloc resection).

• Utyando olulandelwa lunyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Unonophelo oluxhasayo lokunyanga i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Umhlaza weMetastatic Parathyroid

Unyango lwe-metastatic parathyroid cancer inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (i-metastasectomy) ukususa umhlaza kwiindawo osele usasazeke kuzo.

• Utyando olulandelwa lunyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngamayeza.

• Unonophelo oluxhasayo lokunyanga i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Umhlaza ophindaphindiweyo weParathyroid

Unyango lomhlaza ophindaphindiweyo weparathyroid unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (i-metastasectomy) ukususa umhlaza kwiindawo apho ubuye wabuya khona.

• Utyando (ithumba debulking).

• Utyando olulandelwa lunyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngamayeza.

• Unonophelo oluxhasayo lokunyanga i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngomhlaza weParathyroid

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko loMhlaza leSizwe malunga nomhlaza weparathyroid, jonga iParathyroid Cancer Home Page.

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Ukuqokelela

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza

• Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli

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