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Unyango lwePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) Unyango (®) –uPawuent Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • I-Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors form kwiiseli ezenza iihomoni (islet cell) zepancreas.
  • Ii-NET zepancreatic zisenokubangela imiqondiso okanye iimpawu.
  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-NETs ezisebenzayo zepancreatic.
  • Ukuba nee-syndromes ezithile kunokunyusa umngcipheko wee-pancreatic NETs.
  • Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-NET zepancreatic zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu.
  • Uvavanyo lweLebhu kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa (ukufumana) kunye nokuchonga ii-NET zepancreatic.
  • Ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo lwelebhu zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela uhlobo oluthile lwee-pancreatic NETs.
  • Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

I-Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors form kwiiseli ezenza iihomoni (islet cell) zepancreas.

Ipancreas yidlala elimalunga nee-intshi ezi-6 ubude nelimile okweeperile ebhityileyo elele ngecala. Isiphelo ebanzi sepancreas kuthiwa yintloko, icandelo eliphakathi libizwa ngokuba ngumzimba, kwaye isiphelo esimxinwa sibizwa ngokuba ngumsila. Ipancreas ilele ngasemva kwesisu naphambi komqolo.

I-Anatomy yepancreas. Ipancreas ineendawo ezintathu: intloko, umzimba, kunye nomsila. Ifunyanwa esiswini kufutshane nesisu, amathumbu, kunye namanye amalungu.

Zimbini iintlobo zeeseli kwipancreas:

  • Iiseli zepancreas ze-Endocrine zenza iintlobo ezininzi zehomoni (iikhemikhali ezilawula isenzo seeseli ezithile okanye amalungu omzimba), njenge-insulin yokulawula iswekile yegazi. Zidibana ndawonye kumaqela amancinci amancinci (ziqithana) kuzo zonke iipancreas. Iiseli zepancreas ze-Endocrine zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-islet iiseli okanye iziqithi zeLangerhans. Izidumba ezakha iiseli ze-islet zibizwa ngokuba ziislet cell tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors, okanye pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pancreatic NETs).
  • Iiseli zepancreas ze-Exocrine zenza ii-enzymes ezikhutshelwa emathunjini amancinci ukunceda umzimba ukuba wetyise ukutya. Uninzi lwepancreas lwenziwe ngemibhobho enezingxobo ezincinci ekupheleni kwemijelo, eneeseli zangaphandle.

Esi sishwankathelo sixoxa ngeslet cell tumors zepocrine pancreas. Jonga isishwankathelo se- kunyango lweCancreatic Cancer (yabantu abadala) ngolwazi malunga nomhlaza wepancreatic cancer.

Iipancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) zinokuba nobungozi (hayi umhlaza) okanye isifo esibi (umhlaza). Xa iipancreatic NETs zinobungozi, zibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wepancreatic endocrine cancer okanye islet cell carcinoma.

Ii-NET zepancreatic zixhaphake kakhulu kune-pancreatic exocrine tumors kwaye zinesifo esingcono.

Ii-NET zepancreatic zisenokubangela imiqondiso okanye iimpawu.

Ii-NET zepancreatic zinokusebenza okanye zingasebenzi:

  • Amathumba asebenzayo enza izixa ezongezelelweyo zehomoni, ezinje ngegastrin, i-insulin, kunye neglucagon, ezibangela iimpawu kunye neempawu.
  • Amathumba angasebenziyo awenzi manani ongezelelweyo ehomoni. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zibangelwa lithumba njengoko lisasazeka kwaye likhula. Uninzi lwamathumba angasebenziyo ayingozi (umhlaza).

Uninzi lwee-NET zepancreatic zizidumba ezisebenzayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-NETs ezisebenzayo zepancreatic.

Ii-NET zepancreatic zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zehomoni ezinje ngegastrin, i-insulin kunye neglucagon. Ii-NET ezisebenzayo zepancreatic zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • I-Gastrinoma: Ithumba elenza kwiiseli ezenza igastrin. IGastrin yincindi yedlala ebangela ukuba isisu sikhuphe iasidi enceda ukwetyisa ukutya. Zombini i-gastrin kunye nesisu esiswini siyonyuswa ngama-gastrinomas. Xa ukwanda kweasidi yesisu, izilonda zesisu, kunye norhudo kubangelwa sisisu esenza igastrin, ibizwa ngokuba yiZollinger-Ellison syndrome. I-gastrinoma ihlala yenzeka entlokweni yepancreas kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifom yamathumbu amancinci. Uninzi lwee-gastrinomas zibi (umhlaza).
  • Insulinoma: Ithumba elenzeka kwiiseli ezenza i-insulin. I-insulin yihomoni elawula ubungakanani beswekile (iswekile) egazini. Ihambisa iswekile kwiiseli, apho inokusetyenziswa ngumzimba ukufumana amandla. I-insulinomas zihlala zikhula kancinci kancinci kwaye kunqabile ukuba kunwenwe. Iifomula ze-insulinoma entlokweni, emzimbeni, okanye emsileni wepancreas. I-insulinomas zihlala zilungile (hayi umhlaza).
  • IGlucagonoma: Ithumba elenza kwiiseli ezenza iglucagon. Iglucagon yincindi yedlala eyonyusa inani leswekile egazini. Ibangela ukuba isibindi sichithe i-glycogen. I-glucagon eninzi ibangela i-hyperglycemia (iswekile ephezulu yegazi). I-glucagonoma ihlala isenza kumsila wepancreas. Uninzi lwe-glucagonomas lubulalayo (umhlaza).
  • Ezinye iintlobo zamathumba: Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo ze-pancreatic NETs ezenza iihormoni, kubandakanya iihormoni ezilawula ukulingana kweswekile, ityuwa kunye namanzi emzimbeni. Ezi zilonda zibandakanya:
  • I-VIPomas, eyenza i-vasoactive emathunjini epeptide. I-VIPoma inokubizwa ngokuba yiVerner-Morrison syndrome.
  • I-Somatostatinomas, eyenza i-somatostatin.

Ezi ezinye iintlobo zamathumba ziqokelelwe ngokudibeneyo kuba ziphathwa ngendlela efanayo.

Ukuba nee-syndromes ezithile kunokunyusa umngcipheko wee-pancreatic NETs.

Nantoni na eyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini.

Uhlobo lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo 1 (MEN1) syndrome ngumngcipheko wee-pancreatic NETs.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-NET zepancreatic zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu.

Iimpawu okanye iimpawu zinokubangelwa kukukhula kwethumba kunye / okanye ziihomoni ezenziwa leli thumba okanye zezinye iimeko. Ezinye izicubu azinakubangela zimpawu okanye zimpawu. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pancreatic NET engasebenziyo

I-NET engasebenziyo yepancreatic inokukhula ixesha elide ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu. Ingakhula ibe nkulu okanye isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngaphambi kokuba ibangele iimpawu okanye iimpawu, ezinje:

  • Urhudo.
  • Ukutya.
  • Isigaxa esiswini.
  • Intlungu esiswini okanye ngasemva.
  • Mthubi ulusu kunye namhlophe ngamehlo.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pancreatic NET esebenzayo

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pancreatic NET esebenzayo zixhomekeka kuhlobo lwehomoni eyenziweyo.

I-gastrin eninzi inokubangela:

  • Izilonda zesisu ezihlala zibuya.
  • Intlungu esiswini, enokuthi isasaze ngasemva. Intlungu inokuza idlule kwaye inokuhamba emva kokuthatha i-antacid.
  • Ukuhamba kokuqulathwe sisisu kubuyela emva kwi-esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux).
  • Urhudo.

I-insulin eninzi inokubangela:

  • Iswekile esezantsi yegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukungaboni kakuhle, iintloko, kunye nokuziva unentloko, udiniwe, ubuthathaka, uyangcangcazela, uyoyika, uyacaphuka, uyajuluka, udidekile, okanye ulambile.
  • Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo.

I-glucagon eninzi inokubangela:

  • Ukudumba kolusu ebusweni, esiswini, okanye emilenzeni.
  • Iswekile yegazi ephezulu. Oku kunokubangela iintloko, ukuchama rhoqo, ulusu olomileyo nomlomo, okanye ukuziva ulambile, unxaniwe, udiniwe, okanye ubuthathaka.
  • Amahlwili egazi. Ukugqabhuka kwegazi emphungeni kunokubangela ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhohlela, okanye iintlungu esifubeni. Ukugqabhuka kwegazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni kunokubangela iintlungu, ukudumba, ukufudumala, okanye ubomvu kwingalo okanye emlenzeni.
  • Urhudo.
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
  • Ulwimi olubuhlungu okanye izilonda ezimbombeni zomlomo.

Ukuba ne-peptide yamathumbu emathunjini eninzi (i-VIP) kunokubangela:

  • Amanani amakhulu kakhulu orhudo lwamanzi.
  • Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela ukunxanwa, ukwenza umchamo omncinci, ulusu olomileyo nomlomo, iintloko, isiyezi, okanye ukudinwa.
  • Inqanaba le-potassium ephantsi egazini. Oku kunokubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqanjelwa, okanye iicramps, ukuba ndindisholo kunye nokutswina, ukuchama rhoqo, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, kunye nokuziva udidekile okanye unxaniwe.
  • Iintlanzi okanye iintlungu esiswini.
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

I-somatostatin eninzi inokubangela:

  • Iswekile yegazi ephezulu. Oku kunokubangela iintloko, ukuchama rhoqo, ulusu olomileyo nomlomo, okanye ukuziva ulambile, unxaniwe, udiniwe, okanye ubuthathaka.
  • Urhudo.
  • I-Steatorrhea (isitulo esinuka kakubi kakhulu esidadayo).
  • Amatye egall.
  • Mthubi ulusu kunye namhlophe ngamehlo.
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

I-NET ye-pancreatic inokwenza i-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) eninzi kwaye ibangele isifo seCushing. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo i-Cushing syndrome zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Intloko ebuhlungu.
  • Ukuphulukana nombono.
  • Ukutyeba ebusweni, entanyeni, nakwisiqu somzimba, kunye neengalo nemilenze ebhityileyo.
  • Isigaqa samanqatha ngasemva kwentamo.
  • Ulusu olucekeceke olunokuba nemibala emfusa okanye epinki esifubeni okanye esiswini.
  • Ukutyumza okulula.
  • Ukukhula kweenwele ezintle ebusweni, kumqolo ongaphezulu, okanye kwiingalo.
  • Amathambo aphuka ngokulula.
  • Izilonda okanye amanxeba aphilayo kancinci.
  • Ixhala, ukuba nochuku, kunye noxinzelelo.

Unyango lwee-NET zepancreatic ezenza i-ACTH kunye neCushing syndrome azixoxwa kwesi sishwankathelo.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa (ukufumana) kunye nokuchonga ii-NET zepancreatic.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

  • Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.
  • Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile, ezinje ngeglucose (iswekile), ekhutshelwa egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lwento elinokuba ngumqondiso wesifo.
  • Chromogranin Uvavanyo: Uvavanyo apho isampulu yegazi ihlolwe khona ukulinganisa inani le-chromogranin A egazini. Inani eliphezulu kune-chromogranin A kunye nexabiso eliqhelekileyo lamahomoni anjenge-gastrin, i-insulin, kunye ne-glucagon inokuba luphawu lwe-NET engasebenziyo.
  • Ukuskena kwe-Abdominal CT (i-CAT scan): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesisu, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).
  • I-Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-NETs ezincinci zepancreatic. Inani elincinci le-octreotide ene-radioactive (ihomoni ebambelela kwizidumba) itofelwe emthanjeni kwaye ihamba ngegazi. I-octreotide enemitha ye-radio inamathela kwi-tumor kwaye ikhamera ekhethekileyo efumanisa i-radioactivity isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba ziphi na izidumbu emzimbeni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-octreotide scan kunye ne-SRS.
  • I-Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Inkqubo apho i-endoscope ifakwe khona emzimbeni, ngesiqhelo ngomlomo okanye ngexande. I-endoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Iprojekhthi ekupheleni kwe-endoscope isetyenziselwa ukubuyisa amaza esandi aphakamileyo amandla (i-ultrasound) kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho kunye nokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-endosonografi.
  • I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP):Inkqubo esetyenziselwa i-x-ray imibhobho (iityhubhu) ezihambisa inyongo ukusuka kwisibindi ukuya kwi-gallbladder kunye ne-gallbladder ukuya kumathumbu amancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wepancreatic ubangela ukuba le mibhobho inciphise kwaye ibhloke okanye icothe ukuhamba kwenyongo, ibangele i-jaundice. I-endoscope idluliselwa emlonyeni, kwi-esophagus, nakwisisu kwindawo yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci. I-endoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. I-catheter (ityhubhu encinci) emva koko ifakwe nge-endoscope kwimibhobho yepancreatic. Idayi itofwa nge-catheter ukuya kwimibhobho kwaye kuthathwa i-x-ray. Ukuba imibhobho ivaliwe ngethumba, ityhubhu entle inokufakwa kumbhobho ukuze uyivule. Le ityhubhu (okanye i-stent) inokushiywa endaweni yokugcina indlela ivulekile. Iisampulu zamathambo nazo zinokuthathwa kwaye zijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumana iimpawu zomhlaza.
  • I-Angiogram: Inkqubo yokujonga imithambo yegazi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Idayi eyahlukileyo itofelwe kwisitya segazi. Njengoko idayi eyahlukileyo ihamba kwisitya segazi, ii-x-reyi zithathwa ukubona ukuba akukho naziphi na izithintelo.
  • I-Laparotomy: Inkqubo yotyando apho kusikwa khona (ukusikwa) eludongeni lwesisu ukujonga ngaphakathi esiswini ukuba akukho zimpawu zezifo. Ubungakanani bokubanjwa kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba kwenziwe i-laparotomy. Ngamanye amaxesha amalungu ayasuswa okanye kuthathwe iisampulu zeethishu ze zihlolwe ngemicroscope kukhangelwe iimpawu zesifo.
  • I-intraoperative ultrasound: Inkqubo esebenzisa amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) ukwenza imifanekiso yamalungu angaphakathi okanye izicwili ngexesha lotyando. I-transducer ebekwe ngqo kwilungu okanye kwithishu isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaza esandi, enza ii-echoes. I-transducer ifumana i-echoes kwaye iyithumele kwikhompyuter, esebenzisa i-echoes ukwenza imifanekiso ebizwa ngokuba yi-sonograms.
  • Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili ukuze zijongwe ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza i-biopsy yee-pancreatic NETs. Iiseli zinokususwa kusetyenziswa inaliti entle okanye ebanzi efakwe kwiipancreas ngexesha le-x-ray okanye i-ultrasound. Izicubu zisenokususwa ngexesha le-laparoscopy (uqhaqho olwenziwe eludongeni lwesisu).
  • Ukuskena amathambo: Inkqubo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza, emathanjeni. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo ziqokelela emathanjeni anomhlaza kwaye zifunyenwe siskena.

Ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo lwelebhu zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela uhlobo oluthile lwee-pancreatic NETs.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

Gastrinoma

  • Ukuzila ukutya kwe-serum gastrin Uvavanyo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa inani le-gastrin egazini. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuba isiguli singenanto yokutya okanye yokusela ubuncinci iiyure ze-8. Imiqathango ngaphandle kwegastrinoma inokubangela ukwanda kwinani legastrin egazini.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-basal test test: Uvavanyo lokulinganisa inani le-asidi eyenziwe sisisu. Uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuba isiguli singenanto yokutya okanye yokusela ubuncinci iiyure ze-8. Umbhobho ufakwa ngempumlo okanye emqaleni, kwisisu. Umxholo wesisu uyasuswa kwaye iisampulu ezine zesisu esiswini zisuswe ngombhobho. Ezi sampuli zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isixa seasidi esiswini esenziwe ngexesha lovavanyo kunye nenqanaba le-pH yolusu lwesisu.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-Secretin lokukhuthaza: Ukuba isiphumo sovavanyo lwe-basal asiqhelekanga, uvavanyo lwe-secretin lokukhuthaza lunokwenziwa. Umbhobho uhanjiswa ungene emathunjini amancinci kwaye iisampulu zithathwa zivela emathunjini amancinci emva kokuba ichiza ekuthiwa yi-secretin litofiwe. I-Secretin ibangela ukuba amathumbu amancinci enze i-asidi. Xa kukho i-gastrinoma, i-secretin ibangela ukwanda kwe-gastric acid eyenziweyo kunye nenqanaba le-gastrin egazini.
  • I-Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-NETs ezincinci zepancreatic. Inani elincinci le-octreotide ene-radioactive (ihomoni ebambelela kwizidumba) itofelwe emthanjeni kwaye ihamba ngegazi. I-octreotide enemitha ye-radio inamathela kwi-tumor kwaye ikhamera ekhethekileyo efumanisa i-radioactivity isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba ziphi na izidumbu emzimbeni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-octreotide scan kunye ne-SRS.

Insulinoma

  • Ukuzila ukutya kwe-serum glucose kunye novavanyo lwe-insulin: Uvavanyo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa ubungakanani beswekile (iswekile) kunye ne-insulin egazini. Uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuba isiguli singenanto yokutya okanye yokusela ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24.

Iswekile yeglucagonoma [[[[[[

  • Ukuzila ukutya kwe-serum glucagon: Uvavanyo apho isampulu yegazi ihlolwe khona ukulinganisa inani le-glucagon egazini. Uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuba isiguli singenanto yokutya okanye yokusela ubuncinci iiyure ze-8.

Ezinye iintlobo zethumba

  • VIPoma
  • I-serum VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) test: Uvavanyo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa inani le-VIP.
  • Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lwento elinokuba ngumqondiso wesifo. Kwi-VIPoma, kukho isixa esisezantsi kunesiqhelo se potassium.
  • Uhlalutyo lwestool: Isampuli yesto ihlolwe ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kunesodium (ityuwa) kunye nenqanaba le potassium.
  • Somatostatinoma
  • Ukuzila ukutya kwe-serum somatostatin test: Uvavanyo apho isampulu yegazi ihlolwe khona ukulinganisa isixa se-somatostatin egazini. Uvavanyo lwenziwa emva kokuba isiguli singenanto yokutya okanye yokusela ubuncinci iiyure ze-8.
  • I-Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-NETs ezincinci zepancreatic. Inani elincinci le-octreotide ene-radioactive (ihomoni ebambelela kwizidumba) itofelwe emthanjeni kwaye ihamba ngegazi. I-octreotide enemitha ye-radio inamathela kwi-tumor kwaye ikhamera ekhethekileyo efumanisa i-radioactivity isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba ziphi na izidumbu emzimbeni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-octreotide scan kunye ne-SRS.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ii-NET zepancreatic zihlala zinyangwa. Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

  • Uhlobo lweseli yomhlaza.
  • Apho i-tumor ifumaneka kwi-pancreas.
  • Nokuba ithumba lisasazeke ngaphezulu kwendawo enye kwiipancreas okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Nokuba isigulana sine-MEN1 syndrome.
  • Iminyaka yesigulana kunye nempilo ngokubanzi.
  • Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Amanqanaba ePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Isicwangciso sonyango lomhlaza sixhomekeke ekubeni i-NET ifumaneka phi kwi-pancreas nokuba sele isasazekile na.
  • Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Isicwangciso sonyango lomhlaza sixhomekeke ekubeni i-NET ifumaneka phi kwi-pancreas nokuba sele isasazekile na.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwepancreas okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yistage. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo sepancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) zikwasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Jonga icandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi malunga nenkcazo yezi mvavanyo kunye neenkqubo.

Nangona kukho inkqubo esemgangathweni yokumisela ii-pancreatic NETs, ​​ayisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango. Unyango lwee-NET zepancreatic lusekwe koku kulandelayo:

  • Nokuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwindawo enye kwi-pancreas.
  • Nokuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi kwi-pancreas.
  • Nokuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane nepancreas okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba njengesibindi, imiphunga, iperitoneum, okanye ithambo.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo ne-tumor njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba ithumba lepancreatic neuroendocrine lisasazeka esibindini, iiseli zesisu esibindini ziiseli zesisu se-neuroendocrine. Esi sifo sisifo se-metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, hayi umhlaza wesibindi.

Ukuphindaphinda kwePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Amathumba aphindaphindiweyo e-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) ngamathumba aphindaphindiweyo (abuye) emva kokunyangwa. Amathumba angabuya kwi-pancreas okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinee-NET zepancreatic.
  • Iindidi ezintandathu zonyango zisetyenziswa:
  • Ugqirha
  • Unyango ngamayeza
  • Unyango lweHormone
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial okanye chemoembolization
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
  • Inkxaso yenkxaso
  • Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Unyango lwe-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.
  • Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinee-NET zepancreatic.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezine-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezintandathu zonyango zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando lunokwenziwa ukususa ithumba. Enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo inokusetyenziswa:

  • Inyukliya: Utyando lokususa ithumba kuphela. Oku kunokwenziwa xa umhlaza uvela kwindawo enye kwi-pancreas.
  • I-Pancreatoduodenectomy: Inkqubo yotyando apho intloko yepancreas, i-gallbladder, i-lymph node ezikufutshane kunye nenxalenye yesisu, amathumbu amancinci, kunye ne-bile duct isuswe. Kwanele ipancreas kushiyeke ukwenza iijusi zokwetyisa kunye ne-insulin. Amalungu asuswe ngexesha lale nkqubo axhomekeke kwimeko yomguli. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeWhipple.
  • Ipancreatectomy esekude: Utyando lokususa umzimba kunye nomsila wepancreas. I-spleen ingasuswa kwakhona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwipeni.
  • Iyonke i-gastrectomy: Utyando lokususa isisu sonke.
  • I-Parietal cell vagotomy: Utyando lokusika imithambo-luvo ebangela iiseli zesisu zenze i-asidi.
  • Ukuthengiswa kwesibindi: Utyando lokususa inxenye okanye sonke isibindi.
  • Ukuchithwa kweRadiofrequency: Ukusetyenziswa kweprobe ekhethekileyo enee-electrode ezincinci ezibulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha iprosesa ifakwa ngokuthe ngqo kulusu kwaye kufuneka kuphela i-anesthesia yendawo. Kwezinye iimeko, iprojekhthi ifakwa ngokusikwa esiswini. Oku kwenziwa esibhedlele nge-anesthesia jikelele.
  • Ukuchithwa kwe-Cryosurgical: Inkqubo apho izicubu zifriziwe ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Oku kuhlala kwenziwa ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo esiqukethe i-nitrogen engamanzi okanye i-carbon dioxide engamanzi. Isixhobo sinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando okanye i-laparoscopy okanye ukufakwa kulusu. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cryoablation.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingaphezu kwesinye. Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Unyango lweHormone

Unyango lweHormone lunyango lomhlaza olususa iincindi zamadlala okanye ibhlokhe isenzo sabo kwaye luyekise iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni. IiHormone zizinto ezenziwe ngamadlala emzimbeni kwaye zijikelezwa kwigazi. Ezinye iihormoni zinokubangela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhule. Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zineendawo apho iihormone zinokuncamathisela (ii-receptors), iziyobisi, utyando, okanye unyango lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwehomoni okanye ukubathintela ekusebenzeni.

Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial okanye chemoembolization

I-hepatic arterial occlusion isebenzisa iziyobisi, amasuntswana amancinci, okanye ezinye iiarhente ukubhloka okanye ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya esibindini ngomthambo we-hepatic (eyona yegazi inkulu ithwala igazi liye esibindini). Oku kwenzelwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula esibindini. Ithumba lithintelwe ekufumaneni ioksijini kunye nezondlo ekufuneka zikhule. Isibindi siyaqhubeka nokufumana igazi kwi-hepatic portal vein, ephethe igazi esiswini nasemathunjini.

I-Chemotherapy ehanjiswa ngexesha lokuchithwa kwe-hepatic arterial ibizwa ngokuba yi-chemoembolization. Iyeza elichaphazela umhlaza lifakwe kwimithambo ye-hepatic ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu (ityhubhu ebhityileyo). Iyeza lixubeke kwinto ethintela umthambo kwaye isika ukuphuma kwegazi esiqwini. Uninzi lweziyobisi ze-anticancer zibanjelwe kufutshane nethumba kwaye kuphela sisixa esincinci sesiyobisi esifikelela kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukuvalelwa kunokuba yinto yethutyana okanye esisigxina, kuxhomekeke kwinto esetyenzisiweyo ukuvimba umthambo.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Iindidi ezithile zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo ziyafundwa kunyango lwee-pancreatic NETs.

Inkxaso yenkxaso

Inkathalelo yenkxaso inikwa ukunciphisa iingxaki ezibangelwa sesi sifo okanye unyango lwaso. Inkathalo yokuxhasa ii-NET zepancreatic zinokubandakanya unyango lwezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Izilonda esiswini zinokunyangwa ngonyango lweziyobisi ezinje:
  • Iiproton pump inhibitor iziyobisi ezinje nge-omeprazole, lansoprazole, okanye pantoprazole.
  • Imbali ethintela iziyobisi ezinje nge-cimetidine, ranitidine, okanye i-famotidine.
  • Uhlobo lweSomatostatin iziyobisi ezinjenge-octreotide.
  • Urhudo lunokunyangwa nge:
  • Intravenous (IV) ulwelo ngeeelectrolyte ezinje nge potassium okanye ikloride.
  • Uhlobo lweSomatostatin iziyobisi ezinjenge-octreotide.
  • Iswekile esezantsi yegazi inokunyangwa ngokutya okuncinci, rhoqo okanye ngonyango lweziyobisi ukugcina inqanaba leswekile yegazi.
  • Iswekile yegazi ephezulu inokunyangwa ngamachiza athathwe ngomlomo okanye nge-insulin ngenaliti.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lwe-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Ukhetho kunyango lwePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Kweli Candelo

  • Gastrinoma
  • Insulinoma
  • Glucagonoma
  • Ezinye iipancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)
  • Ukuphinda-phinda okanye ukuqhubela phambili kwePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Gastrinoma

Unyango lwe-gastrinoma lunokubandakanya ukhathalelo lokuxhasa kunye noku kulandelayo:

  • Kwiimpawu ezibangelwa sisisu esine-asidi eninzi, unyango lunokuba sisiyobisi esinciphisa inani le-asidi eyenziwe sisisu.
  • Kwisisu esinye entlokweni zepancreas:
  • Utyando lokususa ithumba.
  • Utyando lokusika imithambo-luvo ebangela iiseli zesisu ukuba zenze i-asidi kunye nonyango ngamayeza anciphisa isisu esiswini.
  • Utyando lokususa isisu sonke (kunqabile).
  • Kwisisu esinye emzimbeni okanye umsila wepancreas, unyango luhlala lusenziwa ukuze kususwe umzimba okanye umsila wepancreas.
  • Amathumba aliqela kwiipancreas, unyango luhlala lusenziwa ukuze kususwe umzimba okanye umsila wepancreas. Ukuba ithumba ihlala emva kotyando, unyango lunokubandakanya nokuba:
  • Utyando lokusika imithambo-luvo ebangela iiseli zesisu ukuba zenze i-asidi kunye nonyango ngamayeza anciphisa isisu esiswini; okanye
  • Utyando lokususa isisu sonke (kunqabile).
  • Kwisilonda esinye okanye nangaphezulu kwi-duodenum (inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci adibanisa isisu), unyango luhlala luyi-pancreatoduodenectomy (utyando lokususa intloko yepancreas, i-gallbladder, i-lymph node ezikufutshane kunye nenxalenye yesisu, ithumbu elincinci , kunye ne-bile duct).
  • Ukuba akukho lithumba lifumanekayo, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Utyando lokusika imithambo-luvo ebangela iiseli zesisu ukuba zenze i-asidi kunye nonyango ngamayeza anciphisa isisu esiswini.
  • Utyando lokususa isisu sonke (kunqabile).
  • Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile esibindini, unyango lunokubandakanya:
  • Utyando lokususa inxenye okanye sonke isibindi.
  • Ukuchithwa kweRadiofrequency okanye i-cryosurgical ablation.
  • Chemoembolization.
  • Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba okanye awuphucuki ngotyando okanye iziyobisi ukunciphisa isisu esiswini, unyango lunokubandakanya:
  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela ikakhulu isibindi kwaye isigulana sineempawu ezinzima ezivela kwiihomoni okanye kubungakanani besisu, unyango lunokubandakanya:
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo yonyango ngamayeza
  • Chemoembolization, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Insulinoma

Unyango lwe-insulinoma lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Kwithumba elinye entlokweni okanye umsila wepancreas, unyango luhlala lusenziwa ukuze kususwe eli thumba.
  • Kwithumba elinye elikhulu entlokweni yepancreas engenakususwa ngotyando, unyango luhlala luyi-pancreatoduodenectomy (utyando lokususa intloko yepancreas, i-gallbladder, ii-lymph node ezikufutshane kunye nenxalenye yesisu, ithumbu elincinci, kunye ne-bile duct) .
  • Kwilinye ithumba elikhulu emzimbeni okanye umsila wepancreas, unyango luhlala luyi-distal pancreatectomy (utyando lokususa umzimba kunye nomsila wepancreas).
  • Ngaphezulu kwesinye ithumba kwi-pancreas, unyango luhlala luhlinzwa ukuze kususwe nayiphi na i-tumors entloko yepancreas kunye nomzimba kunye nomsila wepancreas.
  • Amathumba angenakususwa ngotyando, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy.
  • Unyango lweziyobisi oludambisayo ukunciphisa isixa se-insulin esenziwe zii-pancreas.
  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Ukuchithwa kweRadiofrequency okanye i-cryosurgical ablation.
  • Ngomhlaza osasazeke kwii-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Utyando lokususa umhlaza.
  • Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Radiofrequency ablation okanye i-cryosurgical ablation, ukuba umhlaza awunakususwa ngotyando.
  • Ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela ikakhulu isibindi kwaye isigulana sineempawu ezinzima ezivela kwiihomoni okanye kubungakanani besisu, unyango lunokubandakanya:
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo yonyango ngamayeza
  • Chemoembolization, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Glucagonoma

Unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Kwithumba elinye entlokweni okanye umsila wepancreas, unyango luhlala lusenziwa ukuze kususwe eli thumba.
  • Kwithumba elinye elikhulu entlokweni yepancreas engenakususwa ngotyando, unyango luhlala luyi-pancreatoduodenectomy (utyando lokususa intloko yepancreas, i-gallbladder, ii-lymph node ezikufutshane kunye nenxalenye yesisu, ithumbu elincinci, kunye ne-bile duct) .
  • Ngaphezulu kwesinye ithumba kwi-pancreas, unyango luhlala luhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-tumor okanye utyando ukususa umzimba kunye nomsila wepancreas.
  • Amathumba angenakususwa ngotyando, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy.
  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Ukuchithwa kweRadiofrequency okanye i-cryosurgical ablation.
  • Ngomhlaza osasazeke kwii-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Utyando lokususa umhlaza.
  • Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Radiofrequency ablation okanye i-cryosurgical ablation, ukuba umhlaza awunakususwa ngotyando.
  • Ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela ikakhulu isibindi kwaye isigulana sineempawu ezinzima ezivela kwiihomoni okanye kubungakanani besisu, unyango lunokubandakanya:
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo yonyango ngamayeza
  • Chemoembolization, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ezinye iipancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

Kwi-VIPoma, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Ulwelo kunye nonyango lwehomoni ukubuyisela ulwelo kunye nee-electrolyte ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni.
  • Utyando lokususa ithumba kunye ne-lymph node ezikufutshane.
  • Utyando lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka xa ithumba lingenakususwa ngokupheleleyo okanye lisasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Olu lunyango lokunyanga ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Kwizidumbu ezisasazeke kwii-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Utyando lokususa ithumba.
  • Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Radiofrequency ablation okanye i-cryosurgical ablation, ukuba ithumba alinakususwa ngotyando.
  • Kwizidumba eziqhubeka nokukhula ngexesha lonyango okanye zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo.

Kwi-somatostatinoma, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando lokususa ithumba.
  • Umhlaza osasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, utyando lokususa umhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukukhupha iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Kwizidumba eziqhubeka nokukhula ngexesha lonyango okanye zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo.

Unyango lwezinye iintlobo zamathumba epancreatic neuroendocrine (NETs) anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando lokususa ithumba.
  • Ngomhlaza osasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, utyando lokususa umhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka okanye unyango lwehomoni ukukhulula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Kwizidumba eziqhubeka nokukhula ngexesha lonyango okanye zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuphinda-phinda okanye ukuqhubela phambili kwePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

Unyango lwe-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) eziqhubeka nokukhula ngexesha lonyango okanye ziphinde zibuye (zinokubuya) zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando lokususa ithumba.
  • Unyango ngamayeza.
  • Unyango lweHormone.
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo.
  • Iimpawu zesibindi:
  • Unyango lwemichiza yengingqi.
  • Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-hepatic arterial okanye i-chemoembolization, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-chemotherapy.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango olutsha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nePancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga neepancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Iphepha leKhaya laseKhaya loMhlaza
  • Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Malunga noMhlaza
  • Ukuqokelela
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza
  • Ukujamelana noMhlaza
  • Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer
  • Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli


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