Types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq

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Unyango lweMesothelioma ebulalayo (yaBadala) (®) -Unguqulelo lwesigulana

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga neMesothelioma enobungozi

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • I-mesothelioma enobungozi sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zibumba ngaphakathi kwesifuba okanye esiswini.
  • Ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko we-mesothelioma enobungozi.
  • Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-mesothelioma enobungozi zibandakanya ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nentlungu phantsi kwembambo.
  • Iimvavanyo ezivavanya ngaphakathi kwesifuba kunye nesisu zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-mesothelioma.
  • Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

I-mesothelioma enobungozi sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zibumba ngaphakathi kwesifuba okanye esiswini.

I-mesothelioma enobungozi sisifo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zifunyanwa khona kwi-pleura (umaleko omxinwa wesithambo esijikeleza isifuba kwaye sigubungele imiphunga) okanye i-peritoneum (umaleko omncinci wethishu eligubungela isisu kwaye ligubungela uninzi amalungu esiswini). I-mesothelioma enobungozi nayo inokubumba entliziyweni okanye kumasende, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Iifom ze-mesothelioma ezinobungozi kumaleko amancinci amnyama agubungele umphunga, udonga lwesifuba, isisu, intliziyo, okanye amasende.

Ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko we-mesothelioma enobungozi.

Nantoni na eyandisa amathuba akho okufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba semngciphekweni.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-mesothelioma enobungozi basebenze okanye bahlala kwiindawo apho babetshabalalisa khona okanye baginye i-asbestos. Emva kokubhencwa kwi-asbestos, ihlala ithatha ixesha elide ukuba i-mesothelioma enobungozi yenze. Ukuhlala nomntu osebenza kufutshane ne-asbestos kukwangumngcipheko we-mesothelioma enobungozi.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-mesothelioma enobungozi zibandakanya ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nentlungu phantsi kwembambo.

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza ubangela ukuba ulwelo luqokelele esifubeni okanye esiswini. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumkhuhlane, i-mesothelioma enobungozi, okanye ezinye iimeko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Ingxaki yokuphefumla.
  • Khohlela.
  • Intlungu phantsi kwembambo.
  • Intlungu okanye ukudumba esiswini.
  • Amaqhuma esiswini.
  • Ukuqunjelwa.
  • Iingxaki ngamahlwili egazi (iifom zamahlwili xa zingafanelekanga).
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
  • Ndiziva ndidiniwe.

Iimvavanyo ezivavanya ngaphakathi kwesifuba kunye nesisu zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-mesothelioma.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuchaza umahluko phakathi kwe-mesothelioma enobungozi kwisifuba kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-mesothelioma enobungozi esifubeni okanye kwi-peritoneum:

  • Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana, ukubhencwa kwi-asbestos, kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.
  • I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.
X-ray esifubeni. IX-reyi isetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yamalungu namathambo esifuba. IX-ray idlula kwisigulana kwifilimu.
  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesifuba nesisu, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.
  • I-Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili kwi-pleura okanye kwi-peritoneum ukuze zijongwe ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza.

Iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela iiseli okanye izicwili zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Inaliti entle (FNA) aspiration biopsy of the lung: Ukususwa kwethishu okanye ulwelo kusetyenziswa inaliti ebhityileyo. Inkqubo yokucinga isetyenziselwa ukufumana izicwili ezingaqhelekanga okanye ulwelo emiphungeni. Kunokwenziwa isikhumba esincinci kulusu apho inaliti ye-biopsy ifakwe kwithishu engaqhelekanga okanye ulwelo, kwaye isampulu isuswe.
Isilingo esine-aspiration biopsy semiphunga. Isigulana silele etafileni esisilayida ngomatshini wecomputer tomography (CT), esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray engaphakathi komzimba. Imifanekiso ye-x-ray inceda ugqirha ukuba abone apho izihlunu ezingaqhelekanga zikhona emiphungeni. Inaliti ye-biopsy ifakwe kudonga lwesifuba nakwindawo yeethishu zemiphunga engaqhelekanga. Isiqwenga esincinci senyama siyasuswa ngenaliti kwaye sijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.
  • I-Thoracoscopy: Ukuqhawulwa (ukusikwa) kwenziwa phakathi kweembambo ezimbini kunye ne-thoracoscope (isixhobo esincinci, esifana netyhubhu esinesibane kunye nelensi yokujonga) sifakwa esifubeni.
  • I-Thoracotomy: Ukusikwa (ukusikwa) kwenziwa phakathi kweembambo ezimbini ukujonga ngaphakathi kwesifuba iimpawu zesifo.
  • I-Peritoneoscopy: Ukuqhekeka (ukusika) kwenziwa eludongeni lwesisu kunye ne-peritoneoscope (isixhobo esincinci, esinjengombhobho esifana nokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga) sifakwa esiswini.
  • I-biopsy evulekileyo: Inkqubo apho ukusikwa (ukusikwa) kwenziwa kulusu ukuveza kunye nokususa izicwili ukukhangela iimpawu zesifo.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa kwiiseli nakwiisampulu zeethishu ezithathiweyo:

  • Uvavanyo lweCytologic: Uvavanyo lweeseli eziphantsi kwemicroscope ukujonga nantoni na engaqhelekanga. Kwi-mesothelioma, i-fluid ithathwa kwisifuba okanye kwisisu. Ugqirha wezidumbu uhlola ulwelo kwiimpawu zomhlaza.
  • I-Immunohistochemistry: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukukhangela ii-antigen ezithile (iimpawu) kwisampulu yesicwili somguli. Amachiza omzimba ahlala enxulunyaniswa ne-enzyme okanye idayi ye-fluorescent. Emva kokuba ii-antibodies zibophelela kwi-antigen ethile kwisampulu yethishu, i-enzyme okanye idayi iyasebenza, kwaye i-antigen iya kuthi emva koko ibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza kunye nokunceda uxelele olunye uhlobo lomhlaza kolunye uhlobo lomhlaza.
  • I-electron microscopy: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu apho iiseli kwisampulu yethishu zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope enamandla amakhulu ukujonga utshintsho oluthile kwiiseli. I-electron microscope ibonisa iinkcukacha ezincinci ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zeemicroscopes.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

  • Inqanaba lomhlaza.
  • Ubungakanani bethumba.
  • Nokuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
  • Ubungakanani bolwelo esifubeni okanye esiswini.
  • Iminyaka yesigulana.
  • Inqanaba lomsebenzi wesigulana.
  • Impilo yomguli ngokubanzi, kubandakanya impilo yemiphunga kunye nentliziyo.
  • Uhlobo lweeseli ze-mesothelioma kunye nendlela ezibukeka ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope.
  • Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nokuba ingakanani ihemoglobin esegazini.
  • Nokuba isiguli yindoda okanye libhinqa.
  • Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Amanqanaba eMesothelioma enobungozi

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Emva kokuba i-mesothelioma enobungozi ifunyenwe, kwenziwa uvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.
  • Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Amanqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa i-mesothelioma enobungozi yemiphunga:
  • Inqanaba I
  • Inqanaba II
  • Inqanaba III
  • Inqanaba IV
  • I-mesothelioma enobungozi inokuphinda ibuye (ibuye) emva kokuba inyangiwe.

Emva kokuba i-mesothelioma enobungozi ifunyenwe, kwenziwa uvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphandle kwe-pleura okanye i-peritoneum ibizwa ngokuba yi-staging. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba umhlaza sele usasazekile na ukuze ucwangcise unyango.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubeka esiteji:

  • I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesifuba nesisu, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.
  • Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.
  • I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).
  • I-Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Inkqubo apho i-endoscope ifakwe khona emzimbeni. I-endoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Iprojekhthi ekupheleni kwe-endoscope isetyenziselwa ukubuyisa amaza esandi aphezulu (i-ultrasound) kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho kunye nokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-endosonografi. I-EUS inokusetyenziselwa ukukhokela inaliti efanelekileyo (FNA) biopsy yemiphunga, ii-lymph node, okanye ezinye iindawo.
I-endoscopic ultrasound-ekhokelwa nge-sindle aspiration biopsy. I-endoscope ene-ultrasound probe kunye nenaliti ye-biopsy ifakwe emlonyeni nasemngxunyeni. Iprojekhthi igxotha amaza esandi kwizicubu zomzimba ukwenza i-echoes eyenza i-sonogram (umfanekiso wekhompyuter) we-lymph node ezikufutshane nomqala. Isonogram inceda ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba angabeka phi inaliti ye-biopsy ukususa izicwili kwii-lymph node. Esi sihlunu sijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.
  • I-Laparoscopy: Inkqubo yotyando yokujonga amalungu ngaphakathi kwesisu ukukhangela iimpawu zesifo. Ukucuthwa okuncinci (ukusika) kwenziwa eludongeni lwesisu kunye ne-laparoscope (ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo) ifakwe kwenye yeendlela. Ezinye izixhobo zinokufakwa ngendlela efanayo okanye ezinye iindlela zokwenza iinkqubo ezinje ngokuthatha iisampulu zethishu eziza kujongwa ngemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.
  • I-lymph node biopsy: Ukususwa kwayo yonke into okanye inxalenye ye-lymph node. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicubu ze-lymph node phantsi kwemicroscope ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.
  • Mediastinoscopy: Inkqubo yotyando yokujonga amalungu, izicwili kunye ne-lymph node phakathi kwemiphunga yeendawo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuqhekeka (ukusika) kwenziwa ngaphezulu kwesifuba kunye ne-mediastinoscope ifakwe esifubeni. I-mediastinoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Isenokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu okanye i-lymph node, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

  • Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.
  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

  • Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
  • Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba i-mesothelioma enobungozi isasazeka kwingqondo, iiseli zomhlaza kwingqondo ziyinyani yeeseli ze-mesothelioma. Esi sifo sisifo se-mesothelioma esibi, hayi umhlaza wobuchopho.

Amanqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa i-mesothelioma enobungozi yemiphunga:

Inqanaba I

Inqanaba I lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba IA kunye ne-IB:

  • Kwinqanaba le-IA, umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwindonga yesifuba kwelinye icala lesifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza unokufumaneka nakwezinye okanye kwezi zilandelayo:
  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungele umphunga.
  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungela amalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga.
  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungela umphezulu wedayaphragm.
  • Kwinqanaba le-IB, umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwodonga lwesifuba, kwaye kulwahlulo ngalunye lwezihlunu ezigubungele umphunga, amalungu phakathi kwemiphunga, kunye nomphezulu wesithambiso kwelinye icala lesifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza ukwasasazeke waba yenye okanye nangaphezulu koku kulandelayo:
  • Uvalo.
  • Izicubu zomzimba.
  • Ithishu phakathi kweembambo kunye nomda wangaphakathi wodonga lwesifuba.
  • Amafutha kwindawo phakathi kwemiphunga.
  • Izicubu ezithambileyo zodonga lwesifuba.
  • Sac ejikeleze intliziyo.

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba lesibini, umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwindonga yesifuba kwelinye icala lesifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza unokufumaneka nakwezinye okanye kwezi zilandelayo:

  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungele umphunga.
  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungela amalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga.
  • Uluhlu olucekeceke lwethishu eligubungela umphezulu wedayaphragm.

Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node embindini wesifuba kwicala elifanayo lesifuba njengethumba.

okanye

Umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kudonga lwesifuba, kwaye kulwahlulo ngalunye lwezihlunu ezigqume umphunga, amalungu phakathi kwemiphunga, kunye nomphezulu wesithambiso kwelinye icala lesifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza ukwasasazeke kwaba bobabini okanye oku kulandelayo:

  • Uvalo.
  • Izicubu zomzimba.

Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node embindini wesifuba kwicala elifanayo lesifuba njengethumba.

Inqanaba III

Inqanaba III lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba e-IIIA kunye ne-IIIB.

  • Kwinqanaba le-IIIA, umhlaza ufunyanwa ngaphakathi kwimbombo yodonga lwesifuba, kwaye kulwahlulo ngalunye lwezihlunu ezigqume umphunga, amalungu phakathi kwemiphunga, kunye nomphezulu wesithambiso kwelinye icala lesifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza ukwasasazeke waba yenye okanye nangaphezulu koku kulandelayo:
  • Ithishu phakathi kweembambo kunye nomda wangaphakathi wodonga lwesifuba.
  • Amafutha kwindawo phakathi kwemiphunga.
  • Izicubu ezithambileyo zodonga lwesifuba.
  • Sac ejikeleze intliziyo.

Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node embindini wesifuba kwicala elifanayo lesifuba njengethumba.

  • Kwinqanaba le-IIIB, umhlaza ufunyanwa ngaphakathi kwimbombo yodonga lwesifuba, kwaye unokufunyanwa nakwimizimba emincinci yemisipha egubungele umphunga, amalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga, kunye / okanye umphezulu wesithambiso kwelinye icala isifuba. Kwicala elifanayo lesifuba, umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwenye okanye ngaphezulu koku kulandelayo:
  • Uvalo.
  • Izicubu zomzimba.
  • Ithishu phakathi kweembambo kunye nomda wangaphakathi wodonga lwesifuba.
  • Amafutha kwindawo phakathi kwemiphunga.
  • Izicubu ezithambileyo zodonga lwesifuba.
  • Sac ejikeleze intliziyo.

Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node ngaphezulu kwekhola kumacala omabini esifuba okanye umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node ecaleni kwesifuba kwelinye icala lesifuba njengethumba.

okanye

Umhlaza ufumaneka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kudonga lwesifuba, kwaye kulwahlulo ngalunye lwezihlunu ezigqume umphunga, amalungu phakathi kwemiphunga, kunye nomphezulu wesithambiso kwelinye icala lesifuba. Umhlaza uye wanwenwela kwenye okanye kwezi zilandelayo:

  • Udonga lwesifuba lunokufunyanwa embanjeni.
  • Ngokusebenzisa uvalo kwi-peritoneum.
  • Izicubu ezinxibe isifuba kwelinye icala lomzimba njengethumba.
  • Amalungu akummandla ophakathi kwemiphunga (umqala, itrachea, ithmus, imithambo yegazi).
  • Umqolo.
  • Ngengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo okanye izihlunu zentliziyo.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka kwii-lymph node.

Inqanaba IV

Kwinqanaba IV, umhlaza usasazeke kwinyama egubungele umphunga okanye umphunga kwelinye icala lesifuba, i-peritoneum, amathambo, isibindi, i-lymph node ngaphandle kwesifuba, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

I-mesothelioma enobungozi inokuphinda ibuye (ibuye) emva kokuba inyangiwe.

Umhlaza ungabuyela esifubeni okanye esiswini okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

  • Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezine-mesothelioma enobungozi.
  • Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:
  • Ugqirha
  • Unyango ngemitha
  • Unyango ngamayeza
  • Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
  • Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
  • Unyango lwe-mesothelioma enobungozi lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.
  • Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.
  • Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezine-mesothelioma enobungozi.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezine-mesothelioma enobungozi. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Ezi zonyango zonyango zilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa i-mesothelioma enobungozi esifubeni:

  • Ukucandwa kwendawo yonke: Utyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nezinye izihlunu ezisempilweni.
  • I-Pleurectomy kunye ne-decortication: Utyando lokususa inxenye yesigqubuthelo semiphunga kunye nolwelwesi lwesifuba kunye nenxalenye yomphandle wangaphandle wemiphunga.
  • I-pneumonectomy yangaphandle: Utyando lokususa umphunga omnye kunye nenxalenye yesinxibo sesifuba, uvalo, kunye nomngxunya wesingxobo esijikeleze intliziyo.
  • I-Pleurodesis: Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa amachiza okanye iziyobisi ukwenza isikizi kwisithuba esiphakathi kwamanqanaba eplaura. Ulwelo luqala lutsalwe esithubeni kusetyenziswa ityhubhu okanye ityhubhu yesifuba ize imichiza okanye ichiza lifakwe kwisithuba. Ukunqongophala kumisa ukwakhiwa kolwelo kumngxunya wokubhenela.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa ichemotherapy okanye unyango lweradiation emva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa unyango lokunyanga ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesifuba okanye i-peritoneum, amachiza achaphazela ikakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingaphezu kwesinye.

I-Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-mesothelioma ethe yasasazeka kwi-peritoneum (izicwili ezibeka isisu kwaye zigubungela uninzi lwamalungu esiswini). Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala, isisombululo esineziyobisi ezichasayo siyatshiswa kwaye sipontshwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesisu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Ukutshisa amayeza anticancer kunokubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezingaphezulu.

Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo ngeMesothelioma enobungozi ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo. Iintsholongwane zeMonoclonal ziiproteni zamajoni omzimba ezenziwe elebhu ukunyanga izifo ezininzi, kubandakanya nomhlaza. Njengonyango lomhlaza, ezi ntsholongwane zinokuncamathisela kwithagethi ethile kwiiseli zomhlaza okanye ezinye iiseli ezinokunceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Amachiza omzimba ayakwazi ukuzibulala iiseli zomhlaza, athintele ukukhula kwazo, okanye azigcine zisasazeke. Iintsholongwane zeMonoclonal zinikezelwa ngokufakwa. Zingasetyenziselwa zodwa okanye ukuphatha iziyobisi, ityhefu, okanye izinto ezinemitha yeathom ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza.

I-Bevacizumab yi-monoclonal antibody esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-mesothelioma ebulalayo. Iyabophelela kwiprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Oku kunokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ekufuneka ukuba amathumba akhule. Ezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal ziyafundwa kwi-mesothelioma enobungozi.

I-Kinase inhibitors luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo olufundwayo kunyango lwe-mesothelioma enobungozi. I-Kinase inhibitors ziithagethi zonyango ekujolise kuzo ezithintela imiqondiso efunekayo ukuze zikhule amathumba.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu nyango lomhlaza luhlobo lonyango lwebhayoloji.

Unyango lwe-mesothelioma enobungozi lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweNqanaba I I-Mesothelioma enobungozi

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Ukuba isigaba I-mesothelioma ebulalayo ikwelinye icandelo lesifuba, unyango lunokuba zezi zilandelayo:

  • Ugqirha lokususa indawo yesifuba esifubeni somhlaza kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Ukuba isigaba I-mesothelioma enobungozi itholakala kwindawo engaphezu kweyodwa esifubeni, unyango lunokuba yinto elandelayo:

  • Iipneumonectomy zangaphandle.
  • I-Pleurectomy kunye ne-decortication, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-radiation, njengonyango lokunyanga ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Unyango lwe-radiation njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yamachiza antancer cancer abekwe ngqo esifubeni emva kotyando ukususa ithumba.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwendibaniselwano yotyando, unyango ngemitha, kunye nekhemotherapy.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango olutsha.

Ukuba isigaba se-mesothelioma esibi sise-peritoneal lining, unyango lunokuba lulandelayo:

  • Utyando lokususa inxenye yelitye le-peritoneal elinomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze yona.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweSigaba II, iSigaba III, okanye iSigaba IV seMesothelioma enobungozi

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Ukuba isigaba II, isigaba III, okanye isigaba IV i-mesothelioma enobungozi ifumaneka esifubeni, unyango lunokunye koku kulandelayo:

  • Ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-bevacizumab.
  • I-Chemotherapy ibekwe ngqo kwisifuba ukunciphisa amathumba kunye nokugcina ulwelo lungakhi.
  • Utyando lokukhupha ulwelo oluqokelelwe esifubeni, ukuphelisa ukungonwabi kwesifuba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. I-Pleurodesis inokwenziwa ukuyeka amanzi amaninzi ekuqokeleleni esifubeni.
  • I-Pleurectomy kunye ne-decortication, njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
  • Unyango lwe-radiation njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iintlungu.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwendibaniselwano yotyando, unyango ngemitha, kunye nekhemotherapy.

Ukuba isigaba II, isigaba III, okanye isigaba IV i-mesothelioma enobungozi ifumaneka kwi-peritoneum, unyango lunokunye koku kulandelayo:

  • Utyando lokususa ithumba elandelwa yi-hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
  • I-Chemotherapy ibekwe ngqo kwi-peritoneum ukunciphisa ithumba kunye nokugcina ulwelo lungakhi.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweMesothelioma eQhelekileyo

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-mesothelioma enobungozi enokuthi ibe yenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Ugqirha lokususa inxenye yodonga lwesifuba.
  • I-Chemotherapy, ukuba ayizange inikwe njengonyango lokuqala.
  • Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwe-immunotherapy.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango ekujoliswe kulo.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy.
  • Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lotyando.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngeMesothelioma enobungozi

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga ne-mesothelioma enobungozi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Iphepha lasekhaya elibuhlungu laseMesothelioma
  • Iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo kwiMesothelioma enobungozi
  • Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy ukunyanga uMhlaza
  • Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko
  • Ukuvezwa kweAsbestos kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Malunga noMhlaza
  • Ukuqokelela
  • I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza
  • Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza
  • Ukujamelana noMhlaza
  • Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer
  • Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli


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