Types/lung/patient/child-tracheobronchial-treatment-pdq

Unyango lweTracheobronchial yoNyango yoNyango

Ulwazi oluBanzi malunga neTracheobronchial Tumors yobuntwana

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Ithumba leTracheobronchial sisifo apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zibumba khona kumbhobho wetrachea kunye nebronchi.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zethumba le-tracheobronchial zibandakanya intloko ebhloko kunye neempumlo ezivaliweyo okanye ezixineneyo.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-trachea kunye ne-bronchi zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-tracheobronchial.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukhetho kunyango kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha).

Ithumba leTracheobronchial sisifo apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zibumba khona kumbhobho wetrachea kunye nebronchi.

Amathumba eTracheobronchial aqala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwitrachea okanye ibronchi. Uninzi lwamathumba e-tracheobronchial ebantwaneni alungile kwaye avela kwi-trachea (i-windpipe) okanye i-bronchi enkulu (i-airways enkulu yemiphunga). Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba elikhulayo elicothayo, elifana ne-myofibroblastic tumor, liba ngumhlaza onokuthi usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamathumba okanye zomhlaza ezinokuthi zenze kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi. Oku kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-carcinoid tumor (exhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni).

• I-mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

• Ukudumba kwesisu se-myofibroblastic.

• IRhabdomyosarcoma.

• Ithumba leplanular.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zethumba le-tracheobronchial zibandakanya intloko ebhloko kunye neempumlo ezivaliweyo okanye ezixineneyo.

Amathumba eTracheobronchial anokubangela nayiphi na imiqondiso kunye neempawu zilandelayo. Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo.

• Ukukhawuleza.

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla.

• Ukutshiza igazi kwiindlela zomoya okanye zemiphunga.

• Ukusuleleka rhoqo kwimiphunga, njenge-pneumonia.

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe.

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

Ezinye iimeko ezingezizo izicubu ze-tracheobronchial ezinokubangela ezi mpawu kunye neempawu ezifanayo. Umzekelo, iimpawu zamathumba e-tracheobronchial zinjengeempawu zesifuba, ezinokwenza kube nzima ukufumanisa ithumba.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-trachea kunye ne-bronchi zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-tracheobronchial.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• I-CT scan (i-CAT scan): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinjengentamo nesifuba, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Umntwana ulele phezu kwetafile etyibilika ngesikena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

• Bronchography: Inkqubo yokujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga kwingqula, itrachea, kunye nebronchi kunye nokujonga ukuba iindlela zomoya zibanzi ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lesisu. Idayi eyahlukileyo itofwe okanye ifakwe kwi-bronchoscope ukunxiba i-airways kwaye ibenze babonakale ngokucacileyo kwifilimu ye-x-ray.

• Ukuskena kwe-Octreotide: Uhlobo lwe-radionuclide scan olusetyenziselwa ukufumana izilonda zetracheobronchial okanye umhlaza osasazeke kwii-lymph node. Inani elincinci kakhulu le-octreotide ene-radioactive (i-hormone ebambelela kwizicubu ze-carcinoid) ifakwe kwi-vein kwaye ihamba ngegazi. I-octreotide enemitha ye-radio inamathela kwi-tumor kwaye ikhamera ekhethekileyo efumanisa i-radioactivity isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba ziphi na izidumbu emzimbeni.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukhetho kunyango kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha).

Ukhetho lonyango kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Uhlobo lwe-tracheobronchial tumor.

• Nokuba eli thumba liba ngumhlaza kwaye lasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Mngakanani umonakalo osele wenziwe kwithishu yemiphunga.

• Nokuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngoqhaqho.

• Nokuba eli thumba lisanda kufunyaniswa okanye likhe labuya (buyela).

Isibhengezo sabantwana abanomhlaza we-tracheobronchial ulungile kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana une-rhabdomyosarcoma.

Amanqanaba eTracheobronchial Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Ukuba umhlaza ubunjwe kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukuba umhlaza ubunjwe kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kwi-trachea okanye i-bronchi ukuya kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. Akukho nkqubo imiselweyo yokubeka umhlaza kubantwana kwitracheobronchial cancer. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa umhlaza zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekuthatheni izigqibo ngonyango.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba ithumba kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi lisasazeka esibindini, iiseli zomhlaza esibindini ngokwenene zivela kwi-trachea okanye i-bronchi. Esi sifo ngumhlaza we-tracheobronchial cancer, hayi umhlaza wesibindi.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abane-tumor ye-tracheobronchial.

• Abantwana abanesifo se-tracheobronchial tumor kufuneka bacwangciselwe unyango liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lwezifo zabantwana.

• Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lwethumba lobunzima be-tracheobronchial lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abane-tumor ye-tracheobronchial.

Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abanesifo se-tracheobronchial tumor kufuneka bacwangciselwe unyango liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lwezifo zabantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo kunye nabanye:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ugqirha wezifo.

• Ingcali yomongikazi wabantwana.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali kubomi bomntwana.

Iindidi ezine zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando lokususa ithumba lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga zonke iintlobo zethumba le-tracheobronchial ngaphandle kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa uhlobo lotyando ekuthiwa kukuthengiswa kwemikhono. I-tumor kunye ne-lymph nodes kunye nemikhumbi apho umhlaza usasazekile uyasuswa.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

I-Chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-rhabdomyosarcoma.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwindawo yomzimba enomhlaza.

Unyango lwe-radiation lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-rhabdomyosarcoma.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

• I-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Ezi ziyobisi zijolise kunyango lweempawu ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwamathumba. I-Crizotinib isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izicubu ze-myofibroblastic ezivuthayo kwi-trachea okanye i-bronchi ezinotshintsho oluthile kuhlobo lwe-ALK.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lwethumba lobunzima be-tracheobronchial lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zomzimba.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza) okanye ezinye iimeko.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neziphumo ezinokubakho emva kwexesha ezibangelwa lunyango oluthile.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuye wabuya (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweeTracheobronchial Tumors zobuntwana

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Ukunyangwa kwamathumba e-tracheobronchial kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli umhlaza owenziwe kuyo. Unyango lwamathumba asandula ukufunyanwa e-tracheobronchial ebantwaneni anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa ithumba, kuzo zonke iintlobo zamathumba e-tracheobronchial ngaphandle kwe-rhabdomyosarcoma.

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, kwi-rhabdomyosarcoma eyenzeka kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- soNyango lwe-Rhabdomyosarcoma yoNyango ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-rhabdomyosarcoma kunye nonyango lwayo).

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo (i-crizotinib), yamathumba avuthayo e-myofibroblastic enza kwi-trachea okanye kwi-bronchi.

Jonga isishwankathelo se kubuNzala beCarinoinoconsid Tumors ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nonyango lweetracheobronchial carcinoid tumors.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweeTracheobronchial Tumors zaBantwana eziQhelekileyo

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Amathumba e-tracheobronchial aphindaphindiweyo ngamathumba abuye emva kokuba ephathwe. Unyango lwamathumba aphindaphindiweyo e-tracheobronchial ebantwaneni anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neTracheobronchial Tumors

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nezidumba zetracheobronchial, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya lomhlaza wemiphunga

• Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy ukunyanga uMhlaza

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli