Iindidi / imiphunga / isigulana / unyango lwe-pleuropulmonary-blastoma-treatment-pdq

Ingxelo yoNyango lweBlastoma yoNyango yabantwana

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nePleuropulmonary Blastoma Treatment

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• I-Pleuropulmonary blastoma sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenza izicwili zemiphunga kunye ne-pleura okanye amalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga.

• Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-bluroma ye-pleuropulmonary.

• Ukuba notshintsho oluthile kwi-DICER1 gene kwandisa umngcipheko we-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pleuropulmonary blastoma zibandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya isifuba lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

I-Pleuropulmonary blastoma sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenza izicwili zemiphunga kunye ne-pleura okanye amalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga.

I-Pleuropulmonary blastomas form in the tissue of the lung and pleura (izicwili ezigubungela imiphunga kunye nemigca engaphakathi esifubeni). Banokwakha kumalungu aphakathi kwemiphunga kubandakanya intliziyo, i-aorta, kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary, okanye kwi-diaphragm (eyona misipha yokuphefumla ingezantsi kwemiphunga).

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-pleuropulmonary blastomas inxulunyaniswe notshintsho oluthile kuhlobo lwe-DICER1.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-bluroma ye-pleuropulmonary.

Iindidi ze-pleuropulmonary blastoma zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Chwetheza I tumors zii-cyst-like tumors emphungeni. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 nangaphantsi kwaye banethuba elihle lokuchacha. Uhlobo lwe-Ir tumors luhlobo lwe-I tumors eziye zabuya (zincinci zincinci) okanye azange zikhule okanye zisasazeke. Emva konyango, uhlobo lwesifo sethumba sinokuphinda sibuyele njenge-Type II okanye III ithumba.

• Uhlobo lwe-II tumors lufana ne-cyst-kunye namanye amalungu aqinileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha amathumba asasazeka kwingqondo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Uhlobo lwe-III lwamathumba ngamathumba aqinileyo. Ezi tumors zihlala zisasazeka kwingqondo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukuba notshintsho oluthile kwi-DICER1 gene kwandisa umngcipheko we-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Nantoni na eyandisa amathuba akho okufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini.

Imiba yomngcipheko we-pleuropulmonary blastoma ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba notshintsho oluthile kuhlobo lwe-DICER1.

• Ukuba nembali yosapho ye-DICER1 syndrome.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-pleuropulmonary blastoma zibandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga.

Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa yi-pleuropulmonary blastoma okanye ngezinye iimeko.

Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo.

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla.

• Ifiva.

• Usulelo lwemiphunga, olufana nenyumoniya.

• Intlungu esifubeni okanye esiswini.

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.

• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya isifuba lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezinje ngesifuba nesisu, esithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yesisu. Umntwana ulele phezu kwetafile etyibilika ngesikena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray engaphakathi esiswini.

• Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemimandla yomzimba, enjengentloko. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Ukuskena amathambo: Inkqubo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza, emathanjeni. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo ziqokelela emathanjeni anomhlaza kwaye zifunyenwe siskena.

Ukuskena amathambo. Inani elincinci lezinto ezinemitha eqhumayo lifakwe kumthambo womntwana kwaye lihamba ngegazi. Izinto ezinemitha yeathomathizi eziqokelela emathanjeni. Njengokuba umntwana elele phezu kwetafile eslayidayo phantsi kweskena, kufunyanwa into enemitha ye-radio kunye nemifanekiso yenziwe kwikhompyuter.

• I-Bronchoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwetrachea kunye neendlela ezinkulu zomoya kwimiphunga yeendawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-bronchoscope ifakwe ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni kwi-trachea kunye nemiphunga. I-bronchoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.

• I-Thoracoscopy: Inkqubo yotyando yokujonga amalungu ngaphakathi kwesifuba ukukhangela iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukusikwa (ukusika) kwenziwa phakathi kweembambo ezimbini, kwaye i-thoracoscope ifakwe esifubeni. I-thoracoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Isenokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu okanye i-lymph node, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukususa inxenye yomqala okanye imiphunga. Ukuba i-thoracoscope ayinakufikelela kwizicubu ezithile, amalungu, okanye ii-lymph node, i-thoracotomy inokwenziwa. Kule nkqubo, ukusikwa okukhulu kwenziwa phakathi kweembambo kunye nesifuba kuvulwa.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Ukuqikelela kuxhomekeke:

• Uhlobo lwe-bluroma ye-pleuropulmonary.

• Nokuba umhlaza unwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngexesha lokuchongwa.

• Nokuba umhlaza ususwe ngokupheleleyo ngoqhaqho.

Amanqanaba ePleuropulmonary Blastoma

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-pleuropulmonary blastoma, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufuphi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-pleuropulmonary blastoma, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwiindawo ezikufuphi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba i-pleuropulmonary blastoma isasazeke kwizicubu esifubeni okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yistage. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokuqokelela lusetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga umhlaza zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubeka isifo.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba i-pleuropulmonary blastoma isasazeka kwingqondo, iiseli zomhlaza kwingqondo ziyinxalenye yeeseli ze-blastoma ze-pleuropulmonary. Esi sifo sisifo se-metastatic pleuropulmonary blastoma, hayi umhlaza wobuchopho.

Ukuphindaphinda kwePleuropulmonary Blastoma

Ukuphindaphindeka kwe-blastoma ye-pleuropulmonary ibuye yabuya (ibuya) emva konyango.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abane-bluroma ye-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

• Abantwana abane-pleuropulmonary blastoma kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

• Iindidi ezimbini zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziselwa i-pleuropulmonary blastoma:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Unyango lwe-pleuropulmonary blastoma lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abane-bluroma ye-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abane-pleuropulmonary blastoma kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo kunye nabanye:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wezifo.

• Ingcali yomongikazi wabantwana.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali kubomi bomntwana.

Iindidi ezimbini zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziselwa i-pleuropulmonary blastoma:

Ugqirha

Utyando lokususa i-lobe yonke yemiphunga ngomhlaza lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-pleuropulmonary blastoma.

I-Chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukususa ithumba. Xa unikwe ngaphambi kotyando, ichemotherapy iya kunciphisa ithumba kwaye inciphise inani lezihlunu ekufuneka zisuswe ngexesha lotyando. Unyango olunikwa ngaphambi kotyando lubizwa ngokuba lunyango lwangaphambi kokusebenza okanye unyango lwe-neoadjuvant.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango ekujolise kulo lisafundelwa unyango lwe-pleuropulmonary blastoma eye yaphinda yabuya (buyela).

Unyango lwe-pleuropulmonary blastoma lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zomzimba.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza) okanye ezinye iimeko.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neziphumo ezinokubakho emva kwexesha ezibangelwa lunyango oluthile.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuye wabuya (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lwePleuropulmonary Blastoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-pleuropulmonary blastoma lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa i-lobe yonke yomphunga umhlaza okuwo, kuhlobo I kunye nohlobo Ir pleuropulmonary blastoma.

• Ugqirha lokususa i-lobe yonke yemiphunga umhlaza okuwo, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy, yohlobo II kunye nohlobo lwe-III pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lwePleuropulmonary Blastoma

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwe-blastoma ephindaphindiweyo yabantwana inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nePleuropulmonary Blastoma

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiNational Cancer Institute malunga ne-pleuropulmonary blastoma, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya lomhlaza wemiphunga

• Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

• Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli