Iindidi / intloko-nentamo / isigulana / abantu abadala / unyango lwe-salivary-gland-pdq

Unyango lweSalivary Gland Cancer (yabantu abadala)

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga neCancer Slandvary Gland

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza wesifo se-salivary sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zenza izicubu zamadlala amathe.

• Ukuvezwa kwiintlobo ezithile zemitha kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamathe.

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala yamathe zibandakanya iqhuma okanye ingxaki yokuginya.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya intloko, intamo, kunye nomlomo ngaphakathi zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumanisa) kunye nokufumanisa isifo somhlaza wamathe.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukhetho kunyango kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha).

Umhlaza wesifo se-salivary sisifo esinqabileyo apho iiseli ezibi (zomhlaza) zenza izicubu zamadlala amathe.

Amadlala ancancisayo enza amathe aze awukhuphele emlonyeni. Amathe anee-enzymes ezinceda ukwetyisa ukutya kunye nee-antibodies ezinceda ukukhusela ngokuchasene nosulelo lomlomo nomqala. Zintathu izibini zamadlala amakhulu amathe:

• Izibilini zeParotid: Ezi zezona zilwanyana zinkulu kwaye zifunyanwa ngaphambili nangaphantsi kwendlebe nganye. Uninzi lwamathumba wedlala enkulu yamathe aqala kule ndlala.

• Iingqungquthela ezincinci: Ezi zilwanyana zifumaneka phantsi kolwimi kumgangatho womlomo.

• Amadlala asezantsi: La madlala afumaneka ngezantsi komhlathi.

I-Anatomy yamadlala amathe. Ezi zimbini zimbini zeengqungquthela ze-salivary ziyi-parotid gland, i-sublingual gland kunye ne-submandibular gland.

Kukwakho namakhulu amancinci (amancinci) amadlala amathe afaka kumalungu omlomo, impumlo, kunye nengqula enokubonwa ngemicroscope kuphela. Uninzi lwamathumba amancinci amancinci aqala enkalakahleni (eluphahleni lomlomo).

Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke izicubu zamadlala amathe ezinesifo (hayi umhlaza) kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye izicwili.

Umhlaza wedlala yesalivary luhlobo lomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

Ukuvezwa kwiintlobo ezithile zemitha kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamathe.

Nantoni na eyonyusa ithuba lokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini. Nangona oyena nobangela wesifo somhlaza wamadlala amathe ungaziwa, izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukwaluphala.

• Unyango ngonyango lwemitha entloko nasentanyeni.

• Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezithile emsebenzini.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala yamathe zibandakanya iqhuma okanye ingxaki yokuginya.

Umhlaza wedlala yesalivary awunakubangela zimpawu. Inokufunyanwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamazinyo rhoqo okanye ukuhlolwa komzimba. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zisenokubangelwa ngumhlaza wedlala yamathe okanye ngezinye iimeko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Isigaxa (esihlala singenabuhlungu) kwindawo yendlebe, isidlele, umhlathi, umlomo, okanye emlonyeni.

• Ukufunxa ulwelo kwindlebe.

• Ingxaki yokuginya okanye ukuvula umlomo ngokubanzi.

• Ubudenge okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni.

• Intlungu ebusweni engapheliyo.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya intloko, intamo, kunye nomlomo ngaphakathi zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumanisa) kunye nokufumanisa isifo somhlaza wamathe.

Kungasetyenziswa ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi. Intloko, intamo, umlomo kunye nomqala kuya kujongwa iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Isigulana silele kwitafile etyibilika kwiskena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

• Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

• I-Endoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga amalungu kunye nezicubu ngaphakathi komzimba ukukhangela iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Ngomhlaza wamadlala amathe, i-endoscope ifakwa emlonyeni ukujonga umlomo, umqala, kunye nengqula. I-endoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga.

• Biopsy: Ukususwa kweeseli okanye izicwili ukuze zijongwe ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza.

• Umnqweno wenaliti ocoliweyo (FNA) biopsy: Ukususwa kwethishu okanye ulwelo kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci. I-FNA lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-biopsy esetyenziselwa umhlaza wedlala yamathe.

• I-biopsy ye-incisional: Ukususwa kwenxalenye yesigaxa okanye isampulu yethishu engabonakali njengeqhelekileyo.

• Ugqirha: Ukuba umhlaza awunakufunyanwa kwisampulu yethishu esuswe ngexesha le-FNA biopsy okanye i-incisional biopsy, ubunzima bunokususwa kwaye kujongwe iimpawu zomhlaza.

Kuba umhlaza wamadlala amathe kunokuba nzima ukuwuchonga, abaguli kufuneka bacele ukuba iisampulu zethishu zihlolwe ngugqirha wezifo onamava ekuchongeni umhlaza wamadlala amathe.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukhetho kunyango kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha).

Unyango kunye noqikelelo (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) zixhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Inqanaba lomhlaza (ngakumbi ubukhulu bethumba).

• Uhlobo lwe-salivary gland umhlaza okhoyo.

• Uhlobo lweeseli zomhlaza (zijongeka njani phantsi kwemicroscope).

• Iminyaka yesigulana kunye nempilo ngokubanzi.

Amanqanaba eSalvary Gland Cancer

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza wamadlala amathe, kuye kwenziwe iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwincindi yamathe okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza wamadlala amathe achaphazela i-parotid, i-submandibular kunye ne-sublingual gland.

• Inqanaba 0 (i-carcinoma in situ)

• Inqanaba I

• Inqanaba II

• Inqanaba III

• Inqanaba IV

• Amadlala amancinci amancinci ahlelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiiparotid, i-submandibular, kunye ne-sublingual gland.

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo somhlaza wamadlala amathe, kuye kwenziwe iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi kwincindi yamathe okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza unwenwele ngaphakathi kwamadlala amathe okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba ubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango. Le nkqubo ilandelayo inokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela:

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

Ikhompyuter ye-tomography (CT) yentloko nentamo. Isigulana silele kwitafile etyibilika kwiskena se-CT, esithatha imifanekiso ye-x-ray ngaphakathi kwentloko nentamo.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wamadlala amathe usasazeka emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziiseli zomhlaza wedlala yamathe. Esi sifo sisifo somhlaza wamadlala asematheni, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza wamadlala amathe achaphazela i-parotid, i-submandibular kunye ne-sublingual gland.

Ubungakanani beethumba zihlala zilinganiswa ngeesentimitha (cm) okanye ii-intshi. Ukutya okuqhelekileyo okunokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubungakanani bethumba nge-cm kubandakanya: ipea (1 cm), ipeanut (2 cm), umdiliya (3 cm), i-walnut (4 cm), ikalika (5 cm okanye 2) I-intshi), iqanda (i-6 cm), ipesika (i-7 cm), kunye ne-grapefruit (i-10 cm okanye ii-intshi ezine).

Inqanaba 0 (i-carcinoma in situ)

Kwinqanaba le-0, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifunyanwa kuludwe lwemibhobho yesalvary okanye iisaka ezincinci ezenza i-salivary gland. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zinokuba ngumhlaza kwaye zisasazeke kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo ezikufutshane. Inqanaba 0 likwabizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoma in situ.

Inqanaba I

Kwinqanaba I, umhlaza wenziwe. Ithumba likwincindi yamathe kuphela kwaye ziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye zincinci.

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba II, ithumba likudlala nje wamathe kwaye likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2 kodwa alikho likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4.

Inqanaba III

Kwinqanaba le-III, enye yezi zinto zilandelayo iyinyani:

• Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4 kunye / okanye umhlaza unwenwele kwizihlunu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze incindi yamathe; okanye

• Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwizicwili ezithambileyo ezijikeleze incindi yamathe. Umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph node enye kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye lentamo njenge-tumor. I-lymph node ziisentimitha ezi-3 okanye ezincinci kwaye umhlaza awukhulanga ngaphandle kwe-lymph node.

Inqanaba IV

Isigaba IV sahlulwe sangamanqanaba e-IVA, IVB, kunye ne-IVC ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inqanaba le-IVA:

• Umhlaza usasazekile kulusu, emhlathini, kwindlebe yendlebe, kunye / okanye kwimbilini yobuso. Umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwi-lymph node enye kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye lentamo njenge-tumor. I-lymph node ziisentimitha ezi-3 okanye ezincinci kwaye umhlaza awukakhuli ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye umhlaza usenokusasazeka nakwizicubu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze incindi yesikhumba okanye kulusu, ithambo lomhlathi, umsele wendlebe, kunye / okanye imithambo-luvo yobuso. Umhlaza usasazekile:

• ukuya kwenye i-lymph node kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye intamo njenge-tumor; i-lymph node yi-3 cm okanye encinci kwaye umhlaza ukhule ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• ukuya kwenye i-lymph node kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye intamo njenge-tumor; i-lymph node inkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-3 kodwa ingekho ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezi-6 kwaye umhlaza awukakhuli ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• ngaphezulu kwe-lymph node enye kwicala elinye lentloko okanye lentamo njenge-tumor; ii-lymph node ziisentimitha ezi-6 okanye zincinci kwaye umhlaza awukakhuli ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• kwii-lymph node kumacala omabini entloko okanye entanyeni okanye kwicala eliphambene nethumba lokuqala; ii-lymph node ziisentimitha ezi-6 okanye zincinci kwaye umhlaza awukakhuli ngaphandle kwe-lymph node.

• Inqanaba IVB:

• Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye umhlaza usenokusasazeka nakwizicubu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze incindi yesikhumba okanye kulusu, ithambo lomhlathi, umsele wendlebe, kunye / okanye imithambo-luvo yobuso. Umhlaza usasazekile:

• ukuya kwenye i-lymph node enkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-6 kwaye umhlaza awukakhuli ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• ukuya kwenye i-lymph node kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye intamo njenge-tumor; i-lymph node inkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-3 kwaye umhlaza ukhule ngaphandle kwe-lymph node; okanye

• ngaphezulu kwe-lymph node enye kwicala elifanayo lentloko okanye lentamo njenge-tumor, kwicala eliphambene ne-tumor yokuqala, okanye kumacala omabini entloko okanye entanyeni; umhlaza ukhule ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na ii-lymph node; okanye

• ukuya kwenye i-lymph node yobuphi na ubungakanani ecaleni kwentloko okanye entanyeni ejongene nethumba lokuqala; umhlaza ukhule ngaphandle kwe-lymph node;

okanye

• Umhlaza usasazeke emazantsi okhakhayi kunye / okanye ujikeleze umthambo we-carotid. Umhlaza usenokusasazeka kwi-lymph node enye okanye nangaphezulu kuwo nawuphi na ubungakanani kuwo omabini amacala entloko okanye entanyeni kwaye kungenzeka ukuba ukhule ngaphandle kwe-lymph node.

• Inqanaba IVC:

• Umhlaza unwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezinje ngemiphunga.

Amadlala amancinci amancinci ahlelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiiparotid, i-submandibular, kunye ne-sublingual gland.

Incindi encinci yamathe (incindi encinci yamathambo efaka iinxalenye zomlomo, impumlo, kunye nengqula) zomhlaza zibekwa ngokwendawo ezazenziwe kuyo kuqala, ezinje ngomlomo womlomo okanye iisinus.

Umhlaza weSalivary Gland

Umhlaza wamadlala amatsha we-salivary ngumhlaza ophindaphindiweyo (ubuyile) emva kokuba unyangiwe. Umhlaza wamadlala aphindaphindayo onokubuyela kwiincindi zamathumbu okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamadlala amathe.

• Izigulana ezinomhlaza wamadlala amathe kufuneka unyango lwazo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

• Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Radiosensitizers

• Unyango lomhlaza wedlala yamathe kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamadlala amathe.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamadlala amathe. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Izigulana ezinomhlaza wamadlala amathe kufuneka unyango lwazo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

Unyango lwakho luya kujongwa ngugqirha oncologist, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantu abanomhlaza. Kuba amadlala amathe anceda ekutyeni nasekutyeni ukutya, abaguli banokufuna uncedo olukhethekileyo ekuhlengahlengiseni iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zomhlaza kunye nonyango lwayo. Ugqirha oncologist unokukuthumela kwabanye oogqirha abanamava kunye nobuchule bokunyanga abaguli abanomhlaza wentloko nentamo kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha wentloko nentamo.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ugqirha wamazinyo.

• Ingcali yokuthetha.

• Isidlo.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ugqirha weplastiki.

Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

Ugqirha

Utyando (ukususa umhlaza ekusebenzeni) lunyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wedlala yamathe. Ugqirha angawususa umhlaza kunye nezinye izihlunu ezisempilweni ezijikeleze umhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-lymphadenectomy (utyando apho ii-lymph node zisuswe khona) ziya kwenziwa.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa unyango ngemitha emva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza.

Unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphandle lwentloko nentamo. Umatshini usetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwimitha ephezulu yamandla kumhlaza. Umatshini unokujikeleza ujikeleze isigulana, ahambise imitha evela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukubonelela ngonyango oluhambisanayo. Imaski yemaski inceda ukugcina intloko nentamo yesigulana ekuhambeni kwonyango. Iimpawu ezincinci ze-inki zibekwa kwimaski. Amanqaku e-inki asetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umatshini we-radiation kwindawo efanayo phambi konyango ngalunye.

Iindidi ezikhethekileyo zemitha yelanga zinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumba wedlala yamathe. Oku kubandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-neutron olukhawulezayo: Unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-radiation neutri luhlobo lonyango lwamandla ombane lwangaphandle. Umatshini wonyango we-radiation ujolise kwi-neutron (ezincinci, ezingabonakali ngamasuntswana) kwiiseli zomhlaza ukuzibulala. Unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-radiation neutron lusebenzisa amandla emitha aphezulu kunohlobo lwe-x-ray yonyango lwemitha. Oku kuvumela ukuba unyango lwemitha lunikezwe kunyango oluncinci.

• Unyango lwemitha ye-Photon-beam: Unyango lwe-Photon-beam yonyango luhlobo lonyango lwangaphandle lwemitha olufikelela kwizilonda ezinzulu ngamandla amakhulu e-x-reyi eyenziwe ngumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-accelerator yomgama. Oku kungahanjiswa njengonyango lwe-radiation lwe-hyperfractionated, apho idosi epheleleyo yemitha yahlulwe yangamayeza amancinci kwaye unyango lunikwa ngaphezulu kwesinye ngosuku.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wedlala yamathe, kwaye lunokusetyenziswa njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo kwiNtloko kunye neCancer Neck ngolwazi oluthe kratya. (Umhlaza wedlala yesalivary luhlobo lwentloko kunye nomhlaza wentamo.)

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Radiosensitizers

IiRadiosensitizers ngamachiza enza ukuba iiseli zethumba zibuthathaka ngakumbi kunyango lwemitha. Ukudibanisa unyango lwemitha kunye neeradiosensitizers kunokubulala iiseli ezininzi zethumba.

Unyango lomhlaza wedlala yamathe kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Ukhetho lonyango ngeSigaba

Kweli Candelo

• Inqanaba I-Salivary Gland Cancer

• Isigaba II I-Salivary Gland Cancer

• Inqanaba lesithathu le-Salivary Gland Cancer

• Amanqanaba e-IVA, IVB, kunye ne-IVC Cancer Gland Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Inqanaba I-Salivary Gland Cancer

Unyango lwesigaba somhlaza wamadlala amathe luxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi (ukukhula kancinci) okanye inqanaba eliphezulu (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza).

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

• Unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-radiation neutron.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphezulu, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango olutsha lwasekhaya.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Isigaba II I-Salivary Gland Cancer

Unyango lwesigaba sesibini somhlaza wamadlala luxhomekeka ekubeni umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi (ukukhula kancinci) okanye inqanaba eliphezulu (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza).

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Unyango ngamayeza.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphezulu, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

• I-neutron ekhawulezayo okanye unyango lwe-photon-beam unyango.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwemitha kunye / okanye iiradioosensitizers.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Inqanaba lesithathu le-Salivary Gland Cancer

Unyango lwesigaba se-III somhlaza wedlala luxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi (ukukhula kancinci) okanye kwinqanaba eliphezulu (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza).

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphantsi, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-lymphadenectomy. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva kotyando.

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-radiation neutron kwii-lymph node ezinomhlaza.

• Unyango ngamayeza.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwe-neutron olukhawulezayo kunyango lwethumba.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba eliphezulu, unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-lymphadenectomy. Unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa emva kotyando.

• Unyango olukhawulezayo lwe-radiation neutron.

• Unyango lwe-radiation njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lwemitha kunye / okanye iiradioosensitizers.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Amanqanaba e-IVA, IVB, kunye ne-IVC Cancer Gland Cancer

Unyango lwenqanaba le-IVA, inqanaba le-IVB, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wesifo se-salivary gland sinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-neutron ekhawulezayo okanye unyango lwe-photon-beam unyango.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Izinketho zonyango lweCancer Salivary Gland

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza wamadlala wesifo ophindaphindiweyo unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango ngemitha.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango olutsha.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neCancer Slandvary Gland

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza wamadlala amathe, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya leNtloko kunye neCancer Neck

• Iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo kwiNtloko kunye noMhlaza weNtamo

• Iingxaki zomlomo zeChemotherapy kunye neNtloko / iNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane

• Umhlaza weNtloko kunye neNtamo

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Ukuqokelela

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza

• Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli