Types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq

Unyango lweCancer Esophageal Cancer (®) -iPatient Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza woMhlaza wokuDumba kwabantwana

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza wesifo sokudumba sisifo apho isifo somhlaza (somhlaza) sibumba kwizicubu zomqala.

• Ukuba ne-reflux ye-gastroesophageal okanye i-Barrett esophagus inokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza wokuqina kubandakanya ingxaki yokuginya kunye nokulahleka kobunzima.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-esophagus lisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekufumaniseni umhlaza wokuqina.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Umhlaza wesifo sokudumba sisifo apho isifo somhlaza (somhlaza) sibumba kwizicubu zomqala.

I-esophagus ityhutyana, ityhubhu yemisipha ehambisa ukutya kunye nolwelo ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini. Udonga lwe-esophagus lwenziwe ngamanqanaba aliqela eethishu, kubandakanya inwebu yangaphakathi, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo. Uninzi lwamathumba okuqina ebantwaneni aqala kwiiseli ezincinci, ezicabalele ezingaphakathi komqala (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus) kwaye zisasazeke ngaphandle kwezinye iindawo njengoko zikhula. Ezinye izicubu zomqala ziqala kwi-mucus-secreting glands of the esophagus (ebizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma yesophagus).

Izidumba ze-Esophageal zinokuba nobungozi (hayi umhlaza) okanye isifo esibi (umhlaza).

Umqala kunye nesisu yinxalenye yenkqubo ephezulu yesisu (yokwetyisa).

Ukuba ne-reflux ye-gastroesophageal okanye i-Barrett esophagus inokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza.

Nantoni na eyandisa amathuba akho okufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini.

Imiba yomngcipheko wesifo somhlaza kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba ne-reflux yegastroesophageal.

• Ukuba neBarrett esophagus.

• Ukuginya iikhemikhali, ezinokuwutshisa umqala.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza wokuqina kubandakanya ingxaki yokuginya kunye nokulahleka kobunzima.

Ezi kunye neminye imiqondiso kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza wokuqina okanye zezinye iimeko.

Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokuginya.

• Ukuhla ukusinda.

• Ukudumba nokukhohlela.

• Ukutya kunye nokuqaqamba kwentliziyo.

• Ukuphalaza ngemigca yegazi.

• Ukuhamba kwegazi kwisikhohlela (i-mucus ikhohlele ukuphuma kwimiphunga).

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-esophagus lisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekufumaniseni umhlaza wokuqina.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

• Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuskena i-Positron emission tomography (PET). Umntwana ulele phezu kwetafile etyibilika kwisikena sePET. Ukuphumla kwentloko kunye nomtya omhlophe kunceda umntwana ukuba alale. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofwe emthanjeni womntwana, kwaye iskena senza umfanekiso apho iswekile isetyenziswa khona emzimbeni. Iiseli zomhlaza zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomqala. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho zokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Umfanekiso unokuprintwa ukuze ujongwe kamva.

• Ukuginya kweBarium: Uthotho lwee-x-reyi zomqala nesisu. Isigulana sisela ulwelo oluqukethe i-barium (ikhompawundi yesilivere emhlophe). Ulwelo ludibanisa umqala kunye nesisu, kwaye ii-x-reyi zithathiwe. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba luchungechunge oluphezulu lwe-GI.

• I-Esophagoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwi-esophagus ukujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-esophagoscope ifakwe emlonyeni okanye empumlweni kwaye ihla emqaleni kwi-esophagus. I-esophagoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza. I-biopsy idla ngokwenziwa ngexesha le-esophagoscopy. Ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy ibonisa utshintsho kwi-esophagus engekho umhlaza kodwa ingakhokelela kumhlaza.

• I-Bronchoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwetrachea kunye neendlela ezinkulu zomoya kwimiphunga yeendawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-bronchoscope ifakwe ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni kwi-trachea kunye nemiphunga. I-bronchoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.

• I-Thoracoscopy: Inkqubo yotyando yokujonga amalungu ngaphakathi kwesifuba ukukhangela iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuqhekeka (ukusika) kwenziwa phakathi kweembambo ezimbini kunye ne-thoracoscope ifakwe esifubeni. I-thoracoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Isenokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu okanye i-lymph node, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukususa inxenye yomqala okanye imiphunga.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza wokuqina (isisele esibuhlungu okanye i-adenocarcinoma).

• Nokuba umhlaza ususwe ngokupheleleyo ngoqhaqho.

• Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Umhlaza we-Esophageal kunzima ukunyanga kuba uhlala ungenakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.

Amanqanaba eCancer Esophageal Cancer

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Akukho nkqubo iqulunqwayo esemgangathweni yomhlaza wokuqaqanjelwa ngumntwana emiphefumlweni.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Akukho nkqubo iqulunqwayo esemgangathweni yomhlaza wokuqaqanjelwa ngumntwana emiphefumlweni.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kwindawo yomqala ukuya kwiindawo ezikufuphi okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yistage. Akukho nkqubo ikumgangatho wokumisela umhlaza wokuqaqamba komntwana. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa umhlaza we-esophageal zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekuthatheni izigqibo ngonyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wokuphinda ubuye ubuye (ubuye umva) emva konyango. Umhlaza ungabuyela kwi-esophagus okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba emva kokuba unyangwe.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza we-esophageal usasazeka emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziiseli zomhlaza wesophageal. Esi sifo ngumhlaza we-metastatic esophageal, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanomhlaza wokuqhafaza.
• Abantwana abanomhlaza wokuqhinwa kufuneka unyango lwabo licwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

• Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Unyango lomhlaza wokuqaqamba komntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanomhlaza wokuqhafaza.

Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abanomhlaza wokuqhinwa kufuneka unyango lwabo licwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo kunye nabanye:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ugqirha wezifo.

• Ingcali yomongikazi wabantwana.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali kubomi bomntwana.

Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

Ugqirha

Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Kumhlaza wokumisa umqala, iplastiki okanye ityhubhu yesinyithi igqitha ngomlomo kunye nomqala. Umatshini ongaphandle komzimba unesixhobo esikhethekileyo esibekwe kumbhobho wokuthumela imitha kumhlaza.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lisafundelwa unyango lomhlaza wokuqaqanjelwa ngumntwana ophindaphindiweyo (ubuyile).

Unyango lomhlaza wokuqaqamba komntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zomzimba, ezinje ngokunciphisa umqala.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza) okanye ezinye iimeko.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neziphumo ezinokubakho emva kwexesha ezibangelwa lunyango oluthile. Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuye wabuya (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweCancer Esophageal Cancer

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza osandula ukufunyanwa wokuchaphazeleka ebantwaneni unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa lonke okanye inxenye yethumba.

• Unyango lwe-radiation olunikezwa ngeplastikhi okanye ngetyhubhu yentsimbi ebekwe emlonyeni ukuya kwi-esophagus.

• Unyango ngamayeza.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango lweCancer Esophageal yomntwana

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza ophindaphindiweyo wokuqaqanjelwa ngumhlaza ebantwaneni unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga noMhlaza woMhlaza kwiCancer

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nomhlaza wokuqaqanjelwa ngumqala, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Ikhasi lasekhaya leCancer Esophageal

• Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

• Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko

• Isondlo kwinkathalo yoMhlaza

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli

Malunga nesi Shwankathelo se

Malunga ne

Umbuzo woGqirha weDatha (i-) liZiko leSizwe likaMhlaza (i-NCI's) olunolwazi lweenkcukacha zomhlaza. Isiseko sedatha se siqulethe isishwankathelo solwazi olupapashiweyo kutshanje malunga nothintelo lomhlaza, ukufumanisa, ufuzo, unyango, ukhathalelo oluxhasayo, kunye nonyango olongezelelweyo nolunye. Uninzi lwezishwankathelo ziza kwiinguqulelo ezimbini. Iinguqulelo zobungcali kwezempilo zinolwazi oluneenkcukacha ezibhalwe ngolwimi lobugcisa. Iinguqulelo zezigulana zibhalwe ngokuqondakala ngokulula, nangolwimi olungenabugcisa. Zombini ezi nguqulelo zinolwazi lomhlaza oluchanekileyo kwaye luhlaziyiwe kwaye uninzi lweenguqulelo ziyafumaneka ngeSpanish.

I- yinkonzo ye-NCI. I-NCI yinxalenye yamaZiko ezeMpilo kaZwelonke (NIH). I-NIH liziko likarhulumente womanyano lophando lwezinto eziphilayo. Isishwankathelo se- sisekwe kuphononongo oluzimeleyo loncwadi lwezonyango. Ayizizo iingxelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ze-NCI okanye i-NIH.

Injongo yesi Sishwankathelo

Isishwankathelo solwazi lomhlaza se- sinolwazi lwangoku malunga nokunyangwa komhlaza wokuqaqanjelwa ngumhlaza kubantwana. Yenzelwe ukwazisa kunye nokunceda abaguli, iintsapho kunye nabakhathaleli. Ayiboneleli ngezikhokelo ezisesikweni okanye izindululo zokwenza izigqibo malunga nokhathalelo lwempilo.

Abaphononongi kunye noHlaziyo

Iibhodi zokuhlela zibhala isishwankathelo solwazi ngomhlaza se- kwaye uzigcine zihlaziyiwe. Ezi Bhodi zenziwe ziingcali kunyango lomhlaza kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nomhlaza. Izishwankathelo zijongwa rhoqo kwaye utshintsho lwenziwa xa kukho ulwazi olutsha. Umhla kwisishwankathelo ngasinye ("Uhlaziyiwe") ngumhla wotshintsho lwamva nje.

Ingcaciso kwesi sishwankathelo sesigulana yathathwa kuhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo, olujongwa rhoqo kwaye luhlaziywe njengoko kufuneka, yiBhodi yabaHleli yoNyango lweZonyango lwaBantwana.

Ulwazi lovavanyo lweklinikhi

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphononongo lokuphendula umbuzo wesayensi, onjengokuba unyango olunye lubhetele kunolunye. Izilingo zisekwe kwizifundo zangaphambili nakwinto efundwe elebhu. Uvavanyo ngalunye luphendula imibuzo ethile yesayensi ukulungiselela ukufumana iindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokunceda abaguli abanomhlaza. Ngexesha lonyango kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, ulwazi luyaqokelelwa malunga neziphumo zonyango olutsha kunye nokuba lusebenza njani. Ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunolo lusetyenziswayo ngoku, unyango olutsha lunokuba "ngumgangatho." Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lunokufumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwiwebhusayithi ye-NCI. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, tsalela umnxeba i-Cancer Information Service (CIS), iziko loqhagamshelwano le-NCI, 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Imvume yokusebenzisa esi sishwankathelo

I- luphawu lwentengiso olubhalisiweyo. Umxholo wamaxwebhu e- unokusetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo njengombhalo. Ayinakuchongwa njengesishwankathelo solwazi ngomhlaza se-NCI ngaphandle kokuba sonke isishwankathelo sibonisiwe kwaye sihlaziywa rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzisi uya kuvunyelwa ukuba abhale isivakalisi esifana nesithi "Isishwankathelo solwazi lomhlaza se-PDI malunga nesifo somhlaza wamabele sichaza umngcipheko ngale ndlela ilandelayo: [kubandakanya isicatshulwa kwisishwankathelo]."

Eyona ndlela yokuchaza esi sishwankathelo se zezi:

Imifanekiso kwesi sishwankathelo isetyenziswe ngemvume yombhali, yomculi, kunye / okanye yomshicileli ukuze isetyenziswe kwizishwankathelo ze kuphela. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa umfanekiso kwisishwankathelo se kwaye awusebenzisi isishwankathelo esipheleleyo, kuya kufuneka ufumane imvume kumniniyo. Ayinakunikwa liZiko leSizwe loMhlaza. Ulwazi malunga nokusebenzisa imifanekiso kwesi sishwankathelo, kunye neminye imifanekiso emininzi enxulumene nomhlaza inokufumaneka kwiiVenkile ezikwi-Intanethi. Izinto ezibonwayo kwi-Intanethi yingqokelela yemifanekiso engaphezulu kwe-3,000 yesayensi.

Ukuziphendulela

Ulwazi olukuzi shwankathelo akufuneki lusetyenziselwe ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokubuyiselwa kwemali ye-inshurensi. Ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-inshurensi luyafumaneka kwiCancer.gov kwiphepha lokuLawula uMhlaza.

Qhagamshelana nathi

Olunye ulwazi malunga nokunxibelelana nathi okanye ukufumana uncedo ngewebhusayithi yeCancer.gov inokufumaneka kuthi Nxibelelana nathi ngoncedo iphepha. Imibuzo ingangeniswa kwiCancer.gov ngokusebenzisa i-imeyile kuthi yewebhusayithi.

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