Iindidi / umlomo wesibeleko / isigulana / unyango lomlomo wesibeleko-pdq

Inguqulelo yonyango lomhlaza wesibeleko

Ulwazi Ngokubanzi Ngomhlaza Wesibeleko

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenzeka kwizicubu zomlomo wesibeleko.

• Usulelo lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) loluntu yeyona nto iphambili yomngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho miqondiso okanye iimpawu zomhlaza wokuqala wesibeleko kodwa unokufunyanwa kwangethuba ngokuhlolwa rhoqo.

• Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zibandakanya ukopha kwilungu lobufazi kunye neentlungu zangasese.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya umlomo wesibeleko lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumanisa) kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi (zomhlaza) zenzeka kwizicubu zomlomo wesibeleko.

Umlomo wesibeleko sisiphelo esisezantsi, esimxinwa sesibeleko (umngxunya, ilungu elimile okwepeyari apho kukhula umbungu). Umlomo wesibeleko ukhokelela kwisibeleko uye kwilungu lobufazi (umjelo wokuzalwa).

I-Anatomy yenkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini. Amalungu kwinkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini afaka isibeleko, amaqanda, imibhobho yesibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, kunye nelungu lobufazi. Isibeleko sinomaleko ongaphandle wemisipha obizwa ngokuba yi-myometrium kunye nelining yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-endometrium.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ukhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Phambi kokuba umhlaza uvele kumlomo wesibeleko, iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko zihamba notshintsho olubizwa ngokuba yi-dysplasia, apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukubonakala kwinyama yomlomo wesibeleko. Ixesha elingaphezulu, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokuba ziiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziqale ukukhula kwaye zisasazeke ngokunzulu kumlomo wesibeleko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ebantwaneni unqabile.

Jonga ezi zishwankathelo zilandelayo ze- ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

• Uthintelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

• Uvavanyo loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

• Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga woNyango lwaBantwana

Usulelo lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) loluntu yeyona nto iphambili yomngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Nantoni na eyandisa amathuba akho okufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Imiba yomngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukosulelwa yipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emngciphekweni womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Ukuvezwa kwichiza le-DES (diethylstilbestrol) ngelixa usesibelekweni sikanina.

Kwabasetyhini abosuleleke yi-HPV, ezi zinto zilandelayo zibeka emngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

• Ukuzala abantwana abaninzi.

• Ukutshaya imidiza.

• Sebenzisa izinto zokucwangcisa zomlomo ("ipilisi") ixesha elide.

Kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezonyusa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HPV:

• Ukuba nesistim somzimba esibuthathaka esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Ukunyanzelwa kwamajoni omzimba kuwenza buthathaka amandla omzimba okulwa izifo kunye nezinye izifo. Amandla omzimba wokulwa usulelo lwe-HPV lunokwehliswa kukucinezelwa komzimba ixesha elide ukusuka:

• ukosulelwa yintsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV).

• ukuthatha iyeza ukunceda ukuthintela ukwaliwa komzimba emva kokufakelwa.

• Ukuba neentlobano zesini esemncinci.

• Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo.

Ukwaluphala yeyona nto iphambili kumngcipheko womhlaza. Ithuba lokufumana umhlaza liyonyuka njengokuba usiya ukhula.

Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho miqondiso okanye iimpawu zomhlaza wokuqala wesibeleko kodwa unokufunyanwa kwangethuba ngokuhlolwa rhoqo.

Umhlaza wokuqala wesibeleko awunakubangela zimpawu okanye zimpawu. Abasetyhini kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo, kubandakanya uvavanyo lokujonga i-human papillomavirus (HPV) okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kumlomo wesibeleko. Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha) kungcono xa umhlaza ufunyanwa kwangethuba.

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zibandakanya ukopha kwilungu lobufazi kunye neentlungu zangasese. Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye ngezinye iimeko. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukopha kwilungu lobufazi (kubandakanya ukopha emva kokwabelana ngesondo).

• Ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi.

• Intlungu yePelvic.

• Intlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya umlomo wesibeleko lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumanisa) kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Kungasetyenziswa ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lwePelvic: Uvavanyo lwelungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, isibeleko, iityhubhu zesibeleko, ii-ovari, kunye neethanga. I-speculum ifakwe kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ugqirha okanye umongikazi ujonga kwilungu lobufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ngeempawu zesifo. Uvavanyo lomlomo womlomo wesibeleko luqhele ukwenziwa. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwengeza into enye okanye emibini ethanjisiweyo, iminwe egotyiweyo yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi aze abeke esinye isandla phezu kwesisu esisezantsi ukuva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ukwangenisa umnwe othanjisiweyo, ofakwe iglavu kwi-rectum ukuze uve amaqhuma okanye iindawo ezingaqhelekanga.

Uvavanyo lwePelvic. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi ufaka i-lubricated, iiglavu zeminwe yesandla esinye kwilungu lobufazi kwaye ucinezela emazantsi esisu ngesinye isandla. Oku kwenzelwa ukuziva ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuma kwesibeleko kunye namaqanda. Ilungu lobufazi, umlomo wesibeleko, imibhobho yesibeleko, kunye nomqolo nawo ayajongwa.

• Uvavanyo lwePap: Inkqubo yokuqokelela iiseli kumphezulu womlomo wesibeleko nakwilungu lobufazi. Isiqwenga somqhaphu, ibrashi, okanye intonga encinci esetyenziselwa ukukrwela ngobunono iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko kunye nelungu lobufazi. Iiseli zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumanisa ukuba aziqhelekanga. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yiPap smear.

Uvavanyo lwePap. I-speculum ifakwe kwilungu lobufazi ukuyandisa. Emva koko, ibrashi ifakwe kwilungu lobufazi ukuqokelela iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko. Iiseli zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.

• Uvavanyo lwe-human papillomavirus (HPV): Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-DNA okanye i-RNA kwiintlobo ezithile zosulelo lwe-HPV. Iiseli ziqokelelwa kumlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-DNA okanye i-RNA kwiiseli zijongwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba usulelo lubangelwa luhlobo lwe-HPV olunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iisampulu zeeseli ezisuswe ngexesha lovavanyo lwePap. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kwakhona ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap zibonisa iiseli ezithile zomlomo wesibeleko ezingaqhelekanga.

• Unyango lwesibeleko: Inkqubo yokuqokelela iiseli okanye izicwili kumjelo womlomo wesibeleko usebenzisa i-curette (isixhobo esimile okwecephe ). Iisampulu zamathambo ziyathathwa kwaye zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope ukufumana iimpawu zomhlaza. Le nkqubo ngamanye amaxesha yenziwa ngaxeshanye njenge-colposcopy.

• IColposcopy: Inkqubo apho icolposcope (isixhobo esikhanyisiweyo nesikhulisayo) isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga. Iisampuli zethishu zinokuthathwa kusetyenziswa isiciko sokunyanga (isixhobo esimilise okwecephe) okanye ibrashi kwaye ihlolwe ngemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.

• I-Biopsy: Ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kuvavanyo lwePap, ugqirha unokwenza i-biopsy. Isampuli yethishu isikwa kumlomo wesibeleko kwaye ijongwa ngemicroscope ngugqirha wezilwanyana ukujonga imiqondiso yomhlaza. I-biopsy esusa isixa esincinci sezicubu zihlala zenziwa kwiofisi kagqirha. Umfazi kungafuneka aye esibhedlele ayokuvavanywa kwisibeleko somlomo wesibeleko (ukususwa kwesampulu emikhulu, emile okwekhoni yesicwili somlomo wesibeleko).

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha) kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Isigaba somhlaza (ubungakanani besisu kunye nokuba sichaphazela inxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko okanye umlomo wesibeleko sonke, okanye usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye iindawo emzimbeni).

• Uhlobo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Iminyaka yesigulana kunye nempilo ngokubanzi.

• Nokuba isigulana sinoluhlobo oluthile lwe-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV).

• Nokuba ngaba isigulana sinentsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV).

• Nokuba umhlaza sele ufumanekile okanye ubuyile kwakhona (buyela).

Ukhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Inqanaba lomhlaza.

• Uhlobo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Umnqweno wesigulana wokuba nabantwana.

• Iminyaka yesigulana.

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nenqanaba lokukhulelwa. Kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ofunyenwe kwangethuba okanye umhlaza ofunyenwe ngeenyanga ezintathu zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, unyango lunokulibaziseka kude kube semva kokuzalwa komntwana. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, bona icandelo loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko ngexa lokukhulelwa.

Amanqanaba oMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba ingaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi komlomo wesibeleko okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zingenza ubume bomlomo wesibeleko (carcinoma in situ).

• La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

• Inqanaba I

• Inqanaba II

• Inqanaba III

• Inqanaba IV

Emva kokuba kufunyaniswe umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba ingaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile ngaphakathi komlomo wesibeleko okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi komlomo wesibeleko okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokubeka inqanaba lesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubeka esiteji:

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

• Ukuskena i-PET (positron emission tomography scan) Inkqubo yokufumana iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Inani elincinci leswekile ene-radioactive (iswekile) itofelwe emthanjeni. Iskena se-PET sijikeleza ujikeleze umzimba kwaye senze umfanekiso wendawo esetyenziswa kuyo iswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zethumba ezinobungozi zibonakala ziqaqambile emfanekisweni kuba ziyasebenza kwaye zithatha iswekile eninzi kuneseli eziqhelekileyo.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwizicubu zangaphakathi okanye kwizitho zokwenza i-echoes. Iingqungquthela zenza umfanekiso wezicubu zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sonogram. Lo mfanekiso unokuprintwa ukuze ujongwe kamva.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• I-lymph node biopsy: Ukususwa kwayo yonke into okanye inxalenye ye-lymph node. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicubu ze-lymph node phantsi kwemicroscope ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.

• ICystoscopy: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwesinyi kunye nerethra ukujonga iindawo ezingaqhelekanga. I-cystoscope ifakwe kwi-urethra kwisinyi. I-cystoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokujonga. Inokuba nesixhobo sokususa iisampulu zethishu, ezijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope kwimpawu zomhlaza.

• I-Laparoscopy: Inkqubo yotyando yokujonga amalungu ngaphakathi kwesisu ukukhangela iimpawu zesifo. Ukucuthwa okuncinci (ukusika) kwenziwa eludongeni lwesisu kunye ne-laparoscope (ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo) ifakwe kwenye yeendlela. Ezinye izixhobo zinokufakwa ngendlela efanayo okanye ezinye iindlela zokwenza iinkqubo ezinjengokususa amalungu okanye ukuthatha iisampuli zethishu eziza kujongwa ngemicroscope kwimpawu zesifo.

• Unyango (unyango ) lwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile phakathi komlomo wesibeleko okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungasuswa ngaxeshanye. Ukuqala kokunyanga okuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kuphela njengenxalenye yesilingo seklinikhi.

Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zijongwa kunye neziphumo ze-tumor biopsy yasekuqaleni ukumisela isigaba somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Zintathu iindlela umhlaza onwenwa ngayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ngezicubu, inkqubo ye-lymph, kunye negazi:

• Izicubu. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokukhula waya kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo ye-lymph ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka apho waqala ngokungena egazini. Umhlaza uhamba ngemithambo yegazi uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza unokusasazeka ukusuka apho waqala khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, ubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyaphuma apho ziqale khona (ithumba lokuqala) kwaye zihamba ngenkqubo ye-lymph okanye igazi.

• Inkqubo yeLymph. Umhlaza ungena kwinkqubo ye-lymph, uhamba kwiinqanawa ze-lymph, kwaye wenze i-tumor (i-metastatic tumor) kwenye indawo yomzimba.

• Igazi. Umhlaza ungena egazini, uhambe kwimithambo yegazi, kwaye wenze ithumba (metastatic tumor) kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

I-tumor ye-metastatic yinto efanayo yomhlaza njenge-tumor yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko usasazeka emiphungeni, iiseli zomhlaza emiphungeni ziiseli zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Esi sifo ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, hayi umhlaza wemiphunga.

Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zingenza ubume bomlomo wesibeleko (carcinoma in situ).

Kwi-carcinoma in situ, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kwi-lining yangaphakathi yomlomo wesibeleko. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zinokuba ngumhlaza kwaye zisasazeke kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo ezikufutshane.

La manqanaba alandelayo asetyenziselwa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko:

Inqanaba I

Kwinqanaba I, umhlaza sele wenziwe kwaye ufumaneka kumlomo wesibeleko kuphela.

Inqanaba I lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba e-IA kunye ne-IB, ngokusekwe kubungakanani besisu kunye neyona ndawo inzulu yokuhlasela kwethumba.

• Inqanaba IA: Inqanaba IA yahlulwe yangamanqanaba e-IA1 kunye ne-IA2, esekwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu lokuhlasela kwethumba.

• Kwinqanaba le-IA1, isixa esincinci kakhulu somhlaza esinokubonakala kuphela ngemicroscope sifumaneka kwizicubu zomlomo wesibeleko. Elona nqaku linzulu lokuhlasela kwethumba ziimilimitha ezi-3 okanye ngaphantsi.

• Kwinqanaba le-IA2, isixa esincinci kakhulu somhlaza esinokubonakala kuphela ngemicroscope sifumaneka kwizicubu zomlomo wesibeleko. Elona nqaku linzulu lokuhlasela kwethumba lingaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-3 kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-5.

Iimilimitha (mm). Indawo ebukhali yepensile imalunga ne-1 mm, indawo entsha yekhrayoni imalunga ne-2 mm, kwaye irabha entsha yeepensile imalunga ne-5 mm.

• Isigaba IB: Isigaba IB sihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba IB1, IB2, kunye ne-IB3, ngokusekwe kubungakanani besisu kunye neyona ndawo inzulu yokuhlasela kwethumba.

• Kwinqanaba le-IB1, ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye zincinci kwaye eyona ndawo inzulu yokuhlasela kwethumba ingaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-5.

• Kwinqanaba le-IB2, ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2 kodwa alikho likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4.

• Kwinqanaba le-IB3, ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4.

Ubungakanani beethumba zihlala zilinganiswa ngeesentimitha (cm) okanye ii-intshi. Ukutya okuqhelekileyo okunokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubungakanani bethumba nge-cm kubandakanya: ipea (1 cm), ipeanut (2 cm), umdiliya (3 cm), i-walnut (4 cm), ikalika (5 cm okanye 2) I-intshi), iqanda (i-6 cm), ipesika (i-7 cm), kunye ne-grapefruit (i-10 cm okanye ii-intshi ezine).

Inqanaba II

Kwinqanaba lesibini, umhlaza usasazeke waya kwisibini esithathwini sobufazi okanye kwithishu ejikeleze isibeleko.

Isigaba II sahlulwe sangamanqanaba IIA kunye ne-IIB, ngokusekwe kukude kangakanani umhlaza ukusasazeka.

• Isigaba IIA: Umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kumlomo wesibeleko ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kwisibini kwisithathu selungu lobufazi kodwa awusasazekanga ukuya kwizicubu ezijikeleze isibeleko. Isigaba IIA sahlulwe sangamanqanaba IIA1 kunye no-IIA2, ngokusekwe kubungakanani bethumba.

• Kwinqanaba IIA1, ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-4 okanye zincinci.

• Kwinqanaba IIA2, ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4.

• Isigaba IIB: Umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kumlomo wesibeleko ukuya kwinyama ejikeleze isibeleko.

Inqanaba III

Kwinqanaba lesithathu, umhlaza usasazeke waya kwisithathu esisezantsi kwilungu lobufazi kunye / okanye eludongeni lwe-pelvic, kunye / okanye ubangele iingxaki zezintso, kunye / okanye kubandakanya ii-lymph node.

Inqanaba III lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba e-IIIA, IIIB, kunye ne-IIIC, ngokusekwe kukude kangakanani umhlaza ukusasazeka.

• Isigaba IIIA: Umhlaza usasazeke waya kwisithathu esisezantsi kwilungu lobufazi kodwa awusasazekanga eludongeni lwe-pelvic.

• Isigaba IIIB: Umhlaza usasazeke eludongeni lwe-pelvic; kwaye / okanye ithumba likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lingathintela inye okanye zombini okanye libangele ukuba izintso zombini zikhule okanye ziyeke ukusebenza.

• Isigaba IIIC: Isigaba IIIC sahlulwe sangamanqanaba IIIC1 kunye no-IIIC2, ngokusekwe ekusasazeni komhlaza kwii-lymph node.

• Kwinqanaba IIIC1, umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node kwi-pelvis.

• Kwinqanaba IIIC2, umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph node esiswini kufutshane ne-aorta.

Inqanaba IV

Kwinqanaba IV, umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwethambo lesinqe, okanye usasazeke kuludwe lwesinyi okanye kwi-rectum, okanye unwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Isigaba IV sahlulwe sangamanqanaba e-IVA kunye ne-IVB, ngokusekwe apho umhlaza usasazeke khona.

• Isigaba se-IVA: Umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezikufuphi, ezinjenge-bladder okanye i-rectum.

• Isigaba IVB: I-Cancer isasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, amathambo, okanye i-lymph nodes ezikude.

Umhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko okhoyo

Umhlaza ophindaphindiweyo womhlaza wesibeleko ngumhlaza obuye wabuya (ubuye) emva kokuba unyangiwe. Umhlaza ungabuya kwakhona kumlomo wesibeleko okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Iindidi ezintlanu zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kwizigulana ezinomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni. Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Iindidi ezintlanu zonyango olusetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa:

Ugqirha

Utyando (ukususa umhlaza ekusebenzeni) ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kungasetyenziswa ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• Conization: Inkqubo yokususa isiqwenga sethowuni esimile kumlomo wesibeleko kunye nomjelo womlomo wesibeleko. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza. Ukucola kungasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga imeko yomlomo wesibeleko. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cone biopsy.

Ukucola kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa enye yezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• Ukuqiniwa kwemela ebandayo: Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa iscelpel (imela ebukhali) ukususa izicwili okanye umhlaza ongaqhelekanga.

• Inkqubo yeLoop electrosurgical excision (LEEP): Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa amandla ombane agqitha kwilaphu elicekeceke njengemela yokususa izicwili okanye umhlaza ongaqhelekanga.

• Utyando lwe-Laser: Inkqubo yotyando esebenzisa umqadi we-laser (umqadi omxinwa wokukhanya okukhulu) njengemela yokusika ngaphandle kwegazi kwizicwili okanye ukususa isilonda somhlaba esifana nethumba.

Uhlobo lwenkqubo yokudibanisa esetyenzisiweyo ixhomekeke ekubeni iiseli zomhlaza ziphi na kumlomo wesibeleko kunye nohlobo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• I-hysterectomy iyonke: Utyando lokususa isibeleko, kubandakanya nomlomo wesibeleko. Ukuba isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ukhutshiwe kwilungu lobufazi, utyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-hysterectomy yelungu lobufazi. Ukuba isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ukhutshwa ngokusikwa okukhulu (okusikiweyo) esiswini, utyando lubizwa ngokuba sisisu esiswini sisonke. Ukuba isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko zithathwa ngokusikwa kancinci esiswini kusetyenziswa i-laparoscope, utyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-laparoscopic hysterectomy iyonke.

Uhlobo lweHysterectomy. Isibeleko siyasuswa ngotyando kunye okanye ngaphandle kwamanye amalungu okanye izicwili. Kwi-hysterectomy iyonke, isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ziyasuswa. Kwi-hysterectomy iyonke ene-salpingo-oophorectomy, (a) isibeleko kunye nesinye (unilateral) isibeleko kunye ne-fallopian tube ziyasuswa; okanye (b) isibeleko kunye (zombini) iiqanda kunye nemibhobho yesibeleko iyasuswa. Kwi-hysterectomy egqibeleleyo, isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, omabini amaqanda, zombini ii-fallopian tubes, kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane ziyasuswa. Ezi nkqubo zenziwa kusetyenziswa ukusika okunqamlezayo okuphantsi okanye ukusikwa okuthe nkqo.

• Radical hysterectomy: Utyando lokususa isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, inxenye yelungu lobufazi, kunye nendawo ebanzi yemithambo kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze la malungu. Ama-ovari, i-fallopian tubes, okanye ii-lymph node ezikufuphi nazo zinokususwa.

• Ukulungiswa kwe-hysterectomy eguqulweyo: Utyando lokususa isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, indawo ephezulu yelungu lobufazi, kunye nemisipha kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze la malungu. I-lymph node ezikufutshane nazo zingasuswa. Kolu hlobo lotyando, azikho kangako izicubu kunye / okanye amalungu asuswe njengakwisibeleko esibi.

• Radical trachelectomy: Utyando lokususa umlomo wesibeleko, izicwili ezikufuphi kunye ne-lymph node, kunye nendawo ephezulu yelungu lobufazi. Isibeleko kunye namaqanda asuswanga.

• I-Bilal salpingo-oophorectomy: Utyando lokususa zombini ii-ovari kunye zombini i-fallopian tubes.

• Ukugqithiswa kwepelvic: Utyando lokususa ikholoni engezantsi, i-rectum kunye nesinyi. Umlomo wesibeleko, ubufazi, amaqanda, kunye ne-lymph node ezikufuphi nazo ziyasuswa. Ukuvulwa okungeyonyani (stoma) kwenzelwa umchamo kunye nelindle ukuphuma emzimbeni ukuya kwingxowa yokuqokelela. Utyando lweplastiki lunokufuneka ukwenza ubufazi bokufakelwa emva kolu tyando.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza. Iindlela ezithile zokunika unyango ngemitha kunokunceda ukugcina imitha ingonakalisi izicubu ezisempilweni ezikufutshane. Olu hlobo lonyango lwemitha lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango lwe-radiation ye-intension-modulated (IMRT): I-IMRT luhlobo lonyango lwe-3-dimensional (3-D) olusebenzisa ikhompyuter ukwenza imifanekiso yobukhulu kunye nemilo yethumba. Iintsika ezincinci zemitha yokuqina okuhlukeneyo (amandla) zijolise kwithumba kumacala amaninzi.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi lwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kwaye lunokusetyenziswa njengonyango lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli eziqhelekileyo.

Unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ezenziwe elebhu ezivela kuhlobo olunye lweeseli zomzimba. Ezi antibodies zinokuchonga izinto ezikumhlaza iiseli okanye izinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokunceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Amachiza omzimba ancamathele kwizinto kwaye abulale iiseli zomhlaza, athintele ukukhula kwazo, okanye azigcine zisasazeka. Iintsholongwane zeMonoclonal zinikezelwa ngokufakwa. Zingasetyenziselwa zodwa okanye ukuphatha iziyobisi, ityhefu, okanye izinto ezinemitha yeathom ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza.

I-Bevacizumab yi-monoclonal antibody ebopha kwiprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) kwaye inokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ekufuneka ukuba amathumba akhule. I-Bevacizumab isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko oye wasasazeka (usasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba) kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ophindaphindiweyo.

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-biotherapy okanye unyango lwe-biologic.

Unyango lwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor luhlobo lwe-immunotherapy.

• Unyango lwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor: I-PD-1 yiprotein kumphezulu weeseli ze-T ezinceda ukugcina iimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba zijongiwe. Xa i-PD-1 incamathele kwenye iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-PDL-1 kwiseli yomhlaza, iyeka i-T cell ekubulaleni iseli yomhlaza. PD-1 inhibitors zinamathele kwi-PDL-1 kwaye zivumele iiseli ze-T ukuba zibulale iiseli zomhlaza. I-Pembrolizumab luhlobo lwe-immune checkpoint inhibitor esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Isithinteli sokujonga ukungasebenzi komzimba. Iiproteni zokujonga, ezinje nge-PD-L1 kwiiseli zethumba kunye ne-PD-1 kwiiseli ze-T, zinceda ukugcina iimpendulo ze-immune zitshekishwe. Ukubopha kwe-PD-L1 ukuya kwi-PD-1 kugcina iiseli ze-T ekubulaleni iiseli zethumba emzimbeni (iphaneli yasekhohlo). Ukuthintela ukubopha kwe-PD-L1 ukuya kwi-PD-1 nge-immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 okanye anti-PD-1) ivumela iiseli ze-T ukuba zibulale iiseli zesisu (iphaneli esekunene).

Jonga iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Ugqirha wakho uya kubuza ukuba unayo na le miqondiso okanye iimpawu ezilandelayo, ezinokuthetha ukuba umhlaza ubuyile:

• Intlungu esiswini, ngasemva, okanye emlenzeni.

• Ukudumba emlenzeni.

• Ingxaki yokuchama.

• Khohlela.

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe.

Ngomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, iimvavanyo zokulandelela zihlala zenziwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 kwiminyaka emi-2 yokuqala, zilandelwe kukuhlolwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6. Ukutshekishwa kubandakanya imbali yangoku yezempilo kunye novavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ophindaphindiweyo kunye neziphumo zonyango ezifike mva.

Ukhetho lonyango ngeSigaba

Kweli Candelo

• ICarcinoma kwiSitu

• Inqanaba IA Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

• Amanqanaba IB kunye ne-IIA yomhlaza wesibeleko

• Amanqanaba IIB, III, kunye ne-IVA Cancer Cancer

• Inqanaba IVB Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

ICarcinoma kwiSitu

Unyango lwe-carcinoma in situ lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukucola, njengokubandezeleka kwemela ebandayo, inkqubo ye-loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP), okanye utyando lwe-laser.

• I-Hysterectomy yabasetyhini abangakwaziyo okanye abangasafuniyo ukuba nabantwana. Oku kwenziwa kuphela ukuba ithumba alinakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngokudibana.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha yabasetyhini abangenakho ukwenza utyando.

Inqanaba IA Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Inqanaba IA Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko wahlulwe waya kwinqanaba IA1 kunye IA2.

Unyango lwenqanaba IA1 lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukucwangcisa.

• Iyonke i-hysterectomy kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-salpingo-oophorectomy yamazwe amabini.

Unyango lwenqanaba IA2 lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulungiswa kwe-hysterectomy eguqulweyo kunye nokususwa kwee-lymph node.

• I-trachelectomy egqibeleleyo.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha yabasetyhini abangenakho ukwenza utyando.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Amanqanaba IB kunye ne-IIA yomhlaza wesibeleko

Unyango lwenqanaba IB kunye nenqanaba IIA lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukunyanga ngemitha ngamayeza enziwa ngaxeshanye.

• I-Radical hysterectomy kunye nokususwa kwe-lymph node ze-pelvic kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-radiation kwi-pelvis, kunye ne-chemotherapy.

• I-trachelectomy egqibeleleyo.

• I-Chemotherapy ilandelwa luqhaqho.

• Unyango ngemitha kuphela.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Amanqanaba IIB, III, kunye ne-IVA Cancer Cancer

Unyango lwenqanaba IIB, inqanaba III, kunye nenqanaba IVA umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukunyanga ngemitha ngamayeza enziwa ngaxeshanye.

• Utyando lokususa ii-lymph node ze-pelvic ezilandelwa ngonyango lwe-radiation kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy ukunciphisa i-tumor elandelwa luqhaqho.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation olunikezwe ngaxeshanye, lulandelwa yi-chemotherapy.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Inqanaba IVB Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Unyango lwe-IVB yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango ngemitha njengonyango lokuthomalalisa ukukhupha iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo.

• I-Chemotherapy njengonyango lokunyanga ukukhupha iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

• Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwamachiza amatsha omhlaza okanye indibaniselwano yeziyobisi.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukhetho kunyango loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ophindaphindiweyo unokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy.

• Unyango ngemitha kunye nonyango.

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo.

• I-Chemotherapy njengonyango lokunyanga ukukhupha iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

• Ingqumbo yePelvic.

• Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwamachiza amatsha omhlaza okanye indibaniselwano yeziyobisi.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Umhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Kweli Candelo

• Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko ngexa lokukhulelwa

• Ukhetho kunyango lomhlaza wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

• I-Carcinoma kwi-Situ ngexesha lokukhulelwa

• Isigaba I Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

• Isigaba II, III, kunye no-IV Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga noMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko ngexa lokukhulelwa

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nokuba isigulana simithi ixesha elingakanani. Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy kunye nemifanekiso lunokwenziwa ukumisela inqanaba lesi sifo. Ukuthintela ukuveza isisu kwimitha, kusetyenziswa i-MRI (imaging resonance imaging).

Ukhetho kunyango lomhlaza wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

I-Carcinoma kwi-Situ ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho lunyango lufunekayo kwi-carcinoma in situ ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-colposcopy inokwenziwa ukujonga umdlavuza ongenayo.

Isigaba I Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanenqanaba lokukhula kancinci umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko banakho ukulibazisa unyango kude kube yikota yesibini yesibini yokukhulelwa okanye emva kokubeleka.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanenqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokufuna unyango kwangoko. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukucwangcisa.

• I-trachelectomy egqibeleleyo.

Abasetyhini kufuneka bavavanywe ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza unwenwele kwii-lymph node. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node, kungafuneka unyango kwangoko.

Isigaba II, III, kunye no-IV Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Unyango lwenqanaba II, inqanaba III, kunye nenqanaba IV umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Chemotherapy yokunciphisa ithumba kwikota yesibini okanye yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Utyando okanye unyango ngemitha lunokwenziwa emva kokubeleka.

• Unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nefuthe lemitha kwimveku engekazalwa. Kunganyanzeleka ukuba kuphele ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga noMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko loMhlaza leSizwe malunga nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Iphepha Lasekhaya Lomhlaza Wesibeleko

• Uthintelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

• Uvavanyo loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko

• Umhlaza ongaqhelekanga woNyango lwaBantwana

• Iziyobisi ezivunyiweyo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

• I-Lasers kunyango lomhlaza

• Ukuqonda utshintsho lomlomo wesibeleko: Isikhokelo seMpilo yaBasetyhini

• Amachiza okugonya iPapillomavirus (HPV)

• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV kunye nePap

Ngolwazi lomhlaza ngokubanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivela kwiNational Cancer Institute, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Ukuqokelela

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomdlavuza

• Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: Inkxaso yabantu abanomhlaza

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli