Iindidi / intliziyo / isigulana-umntwana-unyango-lwepdq

Ubuntliziyo bentliziyo (Intliziyo) yoNyango lweeThumba (®) -Patient Version

Ulwazi oluBanzi malunga neentliziyo zomntwana (Intliziyo) tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Izidumbu zentliziyo yomntwana, ezinokuba zilungile okanye zingalunganga, zibunjwe entliziyweni.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zethumba lentliziyo zibandakanya utshintsho kwisingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya intliziyo lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) kunye nokuchonga ithumba lentliziyo.

Izidumbu zentliziyo yomntwana, ezinokuba zilungile okanye zingalunganga, zibunjwe entliziyweni.

Uninzi lwezihlunu ezenzeka entliziyweni zilungile (hayi umhlaza). Izilonda zentliziyo zeBenign ezinokubonakala kubantwana zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• IRhabdomyoma: Ithumba elenza umsipha elenziwe ngemicu emide.

• I-Myxoma: I-tumor enokuba yinxalenye yesifo esizuze ilifa esibizwa ngokuba yiCarney complex. Jonga isishwankathelo se- kubuntwana be-Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

• I-Teratomas: Uhlobo lwe-germ cell tumor. Entliziyweni, ezi tumors zenza rhoqo kwi-pericardium (ingxowa egubungela intliziyo).

• Ezinye iitatomas zibulalayo (umhlaza).

• I-Fibroma: Ithumba elenza kwizicwili ezifana nefayibha eligcina amathambo, izihlunu kunye namanye amalungu endaweni.

• Imbali ye-Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy: Ithumba elenza kwiiseli zentliziyo ezilawula isingqisho sentliziyo.

• IHemangiomas: Ithumba elenzeka kwiiseli ezibeka imithambo yegazi.

• Neurofibroma: Ithumba elenzeka kwiiseli nakwizicubu ezigubungela imithambo-luvo.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunye nakwiintsana, ezona ziqhelekileyo zesisu senhliziyo zii-teratomas. Imeko yelifa ebizwa ngokuba yi-tuberous sclerosis inokubangela ukuba iintlungu zentliziyo zenze usana olungekazalwa (olungekazalwa) okanye usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa.

Amathumba amabi aqala entliziyweni anqabile ngakumbi kunamathumba enentliziyo ebusaneni. Izidumbu zentliziyo ezimbi zibandakanya:

• I-teratoma enobungozi.

• KwiLymphoma.

• IRhabdomyosarcoma: Umhlaza owenza imisipha eyenziwe yimicu emide.

• I-Angiosarcoma: Umhlaza owenziwa kwiiseli ezihambisa imithambo yegazi okanye izitya ze-lymph.

• I-sarcoma ye-pleomorphic sarcoma: Umhlaza oqhele ukwenzeka kwizihlunu ezithambileyo, kodwa unokuthi ubuye ube kwithambo.

• I-Leiomyosarcoma: Umhlaza owenza iiseli zemisipha egudileyo.

• IChondrosarcoma: Umhlaza oqhele ukwenzeka kwi-cartilage yethambo, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ungaqala entliziyweni.

• I-Synovial sarcoma: Umhlaza oqhele ukwenziwa ujikeleze amalungu, kodwa kunqabile ukuba ubenentliziyo okanye ingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo.

• Infantile fibrosarcoma: Umhlaza owenza izicwili ezifana nefayibha ezigcina amathambo, izihlunu kunye namanye amalungu endaweni.

Xa umhlaza uqala kwelinye ilungu lomzimba kwaye usasazeka ukuya entliziyweni, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezinje ngesarcoma, imelanoma, kunye neleukemia, ziqala kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye zisasazeke ziye entliziyweni. Esi sishwankathelo malunga nomhlaza oqala ukwenzeka entliziyweni, hayi umhlaza we-metastatic.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zethumba lentliziyo zibandakanya utshintsho kwisingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla.

Ezi kunye neminye imiqondiso kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa ziintsumpa zentliziyo okanye ngezinye iimeko.

Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Guqula kwisingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo.

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla, ngakumbi xa umntwana elele phantsi.

• Ubuhlungu okanye ukuqina phakathi kwesifuba esivakalayo xa umntwana ehleli.

• Ukukhohlela.

• Ukufa isiqaqa.

• Uziva unesiyezi, udiniwe, okanye ubuthathaka.

• Ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo.

• Ukudumba emilenzeni, emaqatheni, okanye esiswini.

• Ndiziva ndixhalabile.

• Iimpawu zestroke.

• Ukuphazamiseka ngesiquphe okanye ubuthathaka bobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze (ngakumbi kwicala elinye lomzimba).

• Ukudideka ngesiquphe okanye unengxaki yokuthetha okanye ukuqonda.

• Ingxaki engxamisekileyo yokubona ngamehlo omabini okanye omabini.

• Ingxaki ekhawulezileyo yokuhamba okanye yokuziva unesiyezi.

• Ukuphulukana ngesiquphe kwemali eseleyo okanye yokulungelelanisa.

• Intloko ebuhlungu ngesiquphe ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha izilonda zentliziyo azibangeli zimpawu okanye zimpawu.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya intliziyo lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) kunye nokuchonga ithumba lentliziyo.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezempilo: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• I-x-ray yesifuba: IX-reyi yamalungu namathambo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. IX-reyi luhlobo lwe-beam yamandla enokuhamba emzimbeni nakwifilimu, yenza umfanekiso weendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-computed tomography, ikhompyuter ye-tomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi komzimba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• I-Echocardiogram: Inkqubo apho amaza esandi aphembelela amandla aphezulu (i-ultrasound) abethelwa entliziyweni nakwizicubu ezikufuphi okanye kwizitho kunye nokwenza i-echoes. Umfanekiso ohambayo wenziwe ngeentliziyo kunye nezivalo zentliziyo njengoko igazi lifakwa emphefumlweni entliziyweni.

• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ukurekhodwa kwento yombane yentliziyo ukujonga inqanaba kunye nesingqisho sayo. Inani leepads ezincinci (ii-electrode) zibekwe esifubeni sesigulana, iingalo, kunye nemilenze, kwaye zidityaniswe ziintambo kumatshini we-EKG. Umsebenzi wentliziyo emva koko ubhalwa njengegrafu ephepheni. Umsebenzi wombane okhawulezayo okanye ocothayo kunesiqhelo unokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo okanye ukonakala.

• I-catheterization yentliziyo: Inkqubo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi kunye nentliziyo kwimimandla engaqhelekanga okanye umhlaza. I-catheter ende, ebhityileyo, efakwe kwimithambo okanye emthanjeni kwi-groin, entanyeni, okanye engalweni kwaye ifakwa kwimithambo yegazi ukuya entliziyweni. Isampulu yethishu ingasuswa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza.

Amanqanaba eSifo sentliziyo

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba iintlungu zentliziyo (umhlaza) zisasazekile zisuka entliziyweni ziye kwiindawo ezikufutshane okanye amanye amalungu omzimba abizwa ngokuba yistage. Akukho nkqubo ikumgangatho wokumilisela izilonda zentliziyo ebuntwaneni. Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa isifo sentliziyo esibi zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekuthatheni izigqibo ngonyango.

Amathumba entliziyo amabi aphindaphindiweyo aphindaphindiwe (abuye) emva konyango.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanesifo sentliziyo.

• Abantwana abanesifo sentliziyo kufuneka ukuba unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

• Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

• Ukulinda ulindile

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango lwentliziyo yamathumba ebuntwaneni inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanesifo sentliziyo.

Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abanesifo sentliziyo kufuneka ukuba unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela loogqirha abaziingcali kunyango lomhlaza wabantwana.

Unyango lwamathumba amabi entliziyo luya kujongwa ngugqirha oncologist, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza kwaye abagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo kunye nabanye:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Ugqirha wentliziyo yezilwanyana.

• Ingcali yentliziyo yabantwana.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ugqirha wezifo.

• Ingcali yomongikazi wabantwana.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ingcali kubomi bomntwana.

Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

Ukulinda ulindile

Ukuhlala ulindile kubeka esweni imeko yesigulana ngaphandle kokunikezela ngonyango de kuvele iimpawu okanye utshintsho. Olu nyango lunokusetyenziselwa i-rhabdomyoma.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy).

Ugqirha

Xa kunokwenzeka, umhlaza uyasuswa ngotyando. Iindidi zotyando ezinokuthi zenziwe zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kunye nezinye izicubu ezisempilweni.

• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo. Ukuba isiguli silinde intliziyo enikelweyo, olunye unyango luyanikwa xa kufuneka njalo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

• I-mTOR inhibitors iyeka iiseli ukuba zahlule kwaye inokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ekufuneka ukuba amathumba akhule. I-Everolimus isetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abane-rhabdomyoma kunye ne-tuberous sclerosis.

Unyango ekujolise kulo luyafundwa kunyango lwentliziyo yamathumba amabi ebuntwaneni aphindaphindiweyo (abuye).

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango lwentliziyo yamathumba ebuntwaneni inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zomzimba.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza) okanye ezinye iimeko.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neziphumo ezinokubakho emva kwexesha ezibangelwa lunyango oluthile. Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuye wabuya (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lweeNtliziyo zeNtliziyo yaBantwana

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwentliziyo yamathumba entliziyweni inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulinda okubukeleyo, i-rhabdomyoma, ngamanye amaxesha eyancipha kwaye ihambe yodwa.

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo (i-everolimus) kwizigulana ezine-rhabdomyoma kunye ne-tuberous sclerosis.

• I-Chemotherapy elandelwa luqhaqho (olunokubandakanya ukususa ezinye okanye lonke ithumba okanye ukufakelwa kwentliziyo), kwii-sarcomas.

• Ugqirha kuphela, kolunye uhlobo lwethumba.

• Unyango ngemitha yamathumba angenakususwa ngotyando.

Unyango lweziThumba eziPhinda zaKhula zaBantwana

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Unyango lwamathumba aphindaphindiweyo ebuntwaneni anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neeThumba zeentliziyo zaBantwana

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwiZiko leSizwe loMhlaza malunga nezilonda zentliziyo yabantwana, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• IPhepha leKhaya laseKhaya leThumba eliMhlaza

• Ikhompyuter yeTomography (CT) kunye noMhlaza

• Iithagethi zoMhlaza ezijolise kuko

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli

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