Iindidi / isifuba / iphepha lokwakha kwakhona

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele emva kweMastectomy

Yintoni ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele?

Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-mastectomy-utyando lokususa lonke ibele ukunyanga okanye ukunqanda umhlaza wamabele-banokhetho lokuba baphinde babenokwakheka kwebele elisusiweyo.

Abasetyhini abakhetha ukuvuselelwa amabele abo baneendlela ezininzi ekunokwenziwa ngazo. Amabele anokuphinda akhiwe kusetyenziswa izinto zokufakelwa (i-saline okanye i-silicone). Banokwakhiwa kwakhona kusetyenziswa izicwili ezizenzekelayo (Oko kukuthi, izicwili ezivela kwenye indawo emzimbeni). Ngamanye amaxesha ukufakelwa kunye nezicubu ze-autologous zisetyenziselwa ukwakha ibele.

Ugqirha lokwakha ngokutsha amabele lunokwenziwa (okanye kuqalwe) ngexesha le-mastectomy (ebizwa ngokuba kukuphinda kwakhiwe kwangoko) okanye inokwenziwa emva kokuba unyango lwe-mastectomy luphilisile kwaye unyango lomhlaza wamabele ligqityiwe (ekuthiwa kulibaziseka ukwakhiwa kwakhona) . Ukulungiswa kwakhona okulibazisekayo kunokwenzeka kwiinyanga okanye nakwiminyaka emva kwemastectomy.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele, ingono kunye ne-areola zinokuphinda zenziwe kwisifuba esakhiwe ngokutsha, ukuba ezi azigcinwanga ngexesha le-mastectomy.

Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele lubandakanya utyando kwelinye, okanye ngokuthe ngcembe, isifuba ukuze la mabele mabini afane ngobukhulu kunye nokumila.

Ngaba oogqirha bazisebenzisa njani izinto zokufakelwa ukuze bakhe ibele lomfazi?

Izinto ezifakwayo zifakwa phantsi kolusu okanye imisipha yesifuba kulandela imastectomy. (Uninzi lwe-mastectomies lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-skin-sparing mastectomy, apho ulusu oluninzi lwebele ligcinwa ukuze lusetyenziswe ekwakheni kwakhona isifuba.)

Izinto zokutyala zihlala zibekwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yamanqanaba amabini.

• Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ugqirha wotyando ubeka isixhobo, esibizwa ngokuba sisihlunu senyama, phantsi kwesikhumba esishiyekileyo emva kwe-mastectomy okanye phantsi kwesifuba sesifuba (1,2). I-expander izaliswa kancinci nge-saline ngexesha lotyelelo ngogqirha emva kotyando.

• Kwinqanaba lesibini, emva kokuba izicubu zesifuba zikhululekile kwaye ziphilise ngokwaneleyo, i-expander iyasuswa kwaye endaweni yayo kufakelwe ukufakelwa. Izicubu zesifuba zihlala zikulungele ukumiliselwa kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokubeleka.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukufakelwa kunokufakwa ebeleni ngexesha lotyando olufanayo nolwe-mastectomy-Oko kukuthi, i-expander ye-tishu ayisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukufakelwa (3).

Ogqirha baya besebenzisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-acellular dermal matrix njengoluhlobo lwescaffold okanye "isilingi" ukuxhasa izicwili kunye nezinto ezifakwayo. I-Acellular dermal matrix luhlobo lwe-mesh olwenziwe ngesikhumba somntu okanye sehagu esenziwe inzalo kwaye senziwa susa zonke iiseli ukuphelisa umngcipheko wokwaliwa kunye nosulelo.

Oogqirha bazisebenzisa njani izicubu zomzimba womfazi ukuphinda akhe ibele?

Ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwezicubu zomzimba, isiqwenga sezicubu eziqukethe ulusu, amanqatha, imithambo yegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isihlunu sithathwa kwenye indawo emzimbeni womfazi kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukwakha ibele. Eli qhekeza leethishu libizwa ngokuba yi-flap.

Iindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni zinokubonelela ngeempuphu zokwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele. Iiflaps ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele zihlala zivela esiswini okanye ngasemva. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuthathwa ukusuka ethangeni okanye ezinqeni.

Kuxhomekeka kwimithombo yabo, i-flaps inokuhanjiswa okanye isimahla.

• Nge-pedicled flap, izicubu kunye nemithambo yegazi eqhotyoshelweyo zihanjiswa kunye emzimbeni ukuya kwindawo yebele. Ngenxa yokuba ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwizihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kushiyekile, imithambo yegazi ayidingi kuphinda iqhagamshelwe xa izicubu zihanjisiwe.

• Ngeempempe zasimahla, izicwili zinqunyulwa simahla kunikezelo lwegazi. Kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kwimithambo yegazi emitsha kwindawo yebele, kusetyenziswa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-microsurgery. Oku kunika isifuba esakhiwe ngokutsha unikezelo lwegazi.

Isisu kunye nokubuyela umva kubandakanya:

• I-DIEP flap: Amathambo avela esiswini kwaye aqukethe kuphela ulusu, imithambo yegazi, kunye namafutha, ngaphandle kwesihlunu esisisiseko. Olu hlobo lwe-flap yindawo yasimahla.

• I-flap yeLatissimus dorsi (LD): Izicubu zivela embindini nakwicala lomqolo. Olu hlobo lwe-flap luye lwenziwa ngeenyawo xa lusetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele. (Iimpazamo ze-LD zingasetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zokwakha kwakhona.)

• I-SIEA flap (ebizwa ngokuba yi-SIEP flap): Izicubu zivela esiswini njenge-DIEP flap kodwa zibandakanya isethi eyahlukileyo yemithambo yegazi. Ayibandakanyi ukusikwa kwemisipha yesisu kwaye ikhululeke simahla. Olu hlobo lwe-flap alunakukhethwa kubafazi abaninzi kuba imithambo yegazi eyimfuneko ayonelanga okanye ayikho.

• I-TRAM flap: Izicubu zivela kwisisu esisezantsi njenge-DIEP flap kodwa kubandakanya umsipha. Inokuphoswa okanye isimahla.

Iimpuphu ezithathwe ethangeni okanye ezinqeni zisetyenziselwa abantu ababhinqileyo abaye benza utyando lwesisu lwangaphambili okanye abangenazo izicubu ezaneleyo zesisu ukuze baphinde bavuselele ibele. Ezi ntlobo zeempempe zikhululekile. Ngezi mphuphu ukufakelwa kuhlala kusetyenziswa ukubonelela ngevolumu yebele eyaneleyo.

• I-IGAP flap: Izicubu zivela ezimpundwini kwaye ziqulathe ulusu, imithambo yegazi, kunye namafutha.

• I-PAP flap: Ithishu, ngaphandle kwesihlunu, esivela kwithanga elingaphakathi elingaphezulu.

• I-SGAP flap: Izicubu zivela ezinqeni njenge-IGAP flap, kodwa ibandakanya iseti eyahlukileyo yemithambo yegazi kwaye iqulethe ulusu, imithambo yegazi kunye namafutha.

• I-TUG flap: Ithishu, kubandakanya umsipha, ovela kwithanga elingaphakathi elingaphezulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukufakelwa kunye nezicubu ze-autologous zisetyenziswa kunye. Umzekelo, izicwili ezizenzekelayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukugubungela ukufakelwa xa kungekho lusu lwaneleyo kunye nezihlunu ezishiyekileyo emva kwe-mastectomy ukuvumela ukwanda kunye nokusetyenziswa kokumiliselwa (1,2).

Ngaba ogqirha bayakha njani ingono kunye nearola?

Emva kokuba isifuba sinyanga kuqhaqho lokwakhiwa kwakhona kunye nendawo yokuma kwesifuba eludongeni lwesifuba inexesha lokuzinza, ugqirha wotyando unokuyakha ingono kunye ne-areola. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingono entsha yenziwa ngokusika kunye nokuhambisa amaqhekeza amancinci esikhumba ukusuka kwibele eyakhiwe ngokutsha iye kwindawo yengono kwaye uyibumba kwingono entsha. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokwakhiwa kwakhona kweengono, ugqirha wotyando unokuphinda enze i-areola. Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-inki yomvambo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukufakelwa kolusu kunokuthathwa kwi-groin okanye isisu kwaye kuqhotyoshelwe ebeleni ukwenza i-areola ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwengono (1).

Abanye abantu basetyhini abangenakho ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweengono banokucinga ngokufumana umfanekiso oqinisekileyo wengono eyenziwe kwisifuba esakhiwe ngokutsha esivela kumculi we tattoo ojolise kwi-tattoo ye-3-D.

I-mastectomy egcina ingono yowesifazane kunye ne-areola, ebizwa ngokuba yi-nipple-sparing mastectomy, inokuba yinto enokukhetha kuyo abanye abantu basetyhini, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nendawo yomhlaza webele kunye nemilo kunye nobungakanani bamabele (4,5).

Zeziphi izinto ezinokuchaphazela ixesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele?

Inye into enokuchaphazela ixesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele nokuba ngaba ibhinqa liyakufuna unyango lwemitha. Unyango ngemitha ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela iingxaki zokuphilisa amanxeba okanye usulelo kumabele ahlaziyiweyo, ke abanye abantu basetyhini banokukhetha ukulibazisa ukwakhiwa kude kube kugqityiwe unyango ngemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kweendlela zotyando kunye nemitha, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwangoko ngokufakelwa kwesiqhelo kuhlala kuyinto enokukhetha kubafazi abaya kufuna unyango ngemitha. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesifuba se-Autologous kuhlala kugcinelwe unyango lwasemva kwemitha, ukuze isifuba kunye nesifuba sethambo elonakaliswe yimitha sinokutshintshwa sisicubu esisempilweni ukusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Enye into luhlobo lomhlaza wamabele. Abasetyhini abanomhlaza webele odumbayo bahlala befuna ukususwa kolusu ngokubanzi. Oku kunokwenza ukuba ukwakhiwa kwangoko kube nzima ngakumbi, kungacetyiswa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kubambezeleke de kube kugqitywe unyango oluncedisayo.

Nokuba owasetyhini ungumgqatswa wolwakhiwo ngokutsha kwangoko, unokukhetha ukulibaziseka kokwakha kwakhona. Umzekelo, abanye abantu basetyhini bakhetha ukungacingi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokwakha ngokutsha de kube semva kokuchacha kwabo kwi-mastectomy nakunyango olulandelayo lwe-adjuvant. Abasetyhini abalibazisa ukwakhiwa kwakhona (okanye bakhethe ukungayilandeli inkqubo kwaphela) banokusebenzisa ii-prostheses zangaphandle zebele, okanye iifom zebele, ukubonakalisa ukubonakala kwamabele.

Zeziphi izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukhetho lwendlela yokwakha ngokutsha amabele?

Zininzi izinto ezinokuba nefuthe kuhlobo lotyando lokwakha ngokutsha elonyulwa ngumfazi. Oku kubandakanya ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwebele elakhiwayo kwakhona, ubudala bomfazi kunye nempilo yakhe, imbali yakhe yotyando olwenziweyo, iimeko zomngcipheko wotyando (umzekelo, imbali yokutshaya nokutyeba), ubukho bezicubu zomzimba, kunye nendawo ithumba ebeleni (2,6). Abasetyhini abaye benza utyando lwesisu oludlulileyo abanakuba ngabagqatswa ekwakhiweni kwakhona kweflap esiswini.

Uhlobo ngalunye lokwakha ngokutsha lunezinto amabhinqa afanele acinge ngazo ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo. Ezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezibhalwe apha ngezantsi.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezinto ezifakwayo

Utyando kunye nokuchacha

• Isikhumba kunye nesihlunu esoneleyo kufuneka sihlale emva kwembumba yokugubungela ukufakwa

• Inkqubo emfutshane yotyando kunokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezicubu zomzimba; ukulahleka kwegazi kancinci

• Ixesha lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo linokuba mfutshane kunakwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-autologous

• Utyelelo oluninzi olulandelayo lusenokufuneka ukuze kunyuswe isandisi kwaye kufakelwe ukufakelwa

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

• Usulelo

• Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo olucacileyo olubangela ubunzima okanye iqhuma (i-seroma) ngaphakathi kwebele elihlaziyiweyo (7)

• Ukudityaniswa kwegazi (hematoma) ngaphakathi kwebele elihlaziyiweyo

• Amahlwili egazi

• Ukongezwa kokumiliselwa (ukufakelwa kuqhekeka kulusu)

• Ukuqhekeka kokuqhekeka (ukufakelwa kuvuleke kwaye i-saline okanye ukuvuza kwesilicone kwizihlunu ezingqongileyo)

• Ukuqulunqwa kwezicubu ezinzima ezijikeleze ukufakelwa (okwaziwa njengesivumelwano)

• Ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo seswekile kunye nokutshaya kunokunyusa izinga lokuphakama

• Umngcipheko onokubakho wokukhula ngendlela enqabileyo yomhlaza womzimba obizwa ngokuba yi-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (8,9)

Ezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo

• Isenokungabi lukhetho kwizigulana ebezikhe zafumana unyango ngemitha esifubeni

• Isenokungonelisi ngabafazi abanamabele amakhulu kakhulu

• Awuyi kuhlala ubomi bonke; Okona ixesha elide umfazi enofakelo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba abe neengxaki kwaye afune ukuba nezinto zakhe

isuswe okanye ibuyiselwe

• Ukufakwa kwe-silicone kunokuziva kunendalo ngakumbi kunendlela yokufaka i-saline xa uchukumisa

• Ukutya kunye noLawulo lweeMithi (i-FDA) icebisa ukuba abasetyhini abanezilimo ze-silicone bavavanywe rhoqo kwi-MRI ukuze babone ukuqhekeka “kokuthula” okunokwenzeka kokufakelweyo

Olunye ulwazi malunga nokufakelwa lunokufumaneka kwiphepha le-FDA le-Breast Implants.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona ngeTissue Autologous

Utyando kunye nokuchacha

• Inkqubo ende yotyando ngaphandle kokufakwa

• Ixesha lokuqala lokufumana kwakhona kunokuba lide kunezixhobo zokufakelwa

• Ukuphinda kwakhiwe i-flap yokwakha ngokutsha kuhlala kungumsebenzi omfutshane kunokwakhiwa kwakhona kweflap yasimahla kwaye ihlala ifuna isibhedlele esifutshane

• Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweflash yasimahla yinto ende, esebenza kakhulu kubuchwephesha xa kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwakhona kweflap eneepediced efuna ugqirha onamava nge-microsurgery ukuphinda ancamathisele imithambo yegazi

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

• I-Necrosis (ukufa) kwezicubu ezigqithisiweyo

• Amagqabantshintshi egazi anokuphindaphindwa kunye neminye imithombo yeflap

• Ubuhlungu kunye nobuthathaka kwindawo apho izicubu zabanikeli zithathwe khona

• Ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo seswekile kunye nokutshaya kunokunyusa izinga lokuphakama

Ezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo

• Ngamana unokubonelela ngobume bendalo obungaphezulu kwendalo kunokufakwa

• Ngaba uziva uthambile kwaye unendalo ngakumbi ngaphandle kwebala kunezinto ezifakiweyo

• Ishiya isiva kwindawo apho kwathathwe khona izicwili zabanikeli

• Ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela izicubu ezonakaliswe lonyango lwemitha

Bonke abantu basetyhini abafumana i-mastectomy kumava omhlaza wamabele ahluka ngokwamanqanaba okubandezeleka kwamabele kunye nelahleko yovakalelo (imvakalelo) kuba imithambo-luvo enika uvakalelo ebeleni iyanqunyulwa xa izicubu zamabele zisuswa ngexesha lotyando. Nangona kunjalo, umntu wasetyhini unokuphinda abuye nemvakalelo njengoko imithambo-luvo enqunqiweyo ikhula kwaye iphinde ihlaziyeke, kwaye abagqirha bamabele bayaqhubeka nokwenza inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha ezinokuthintela okanye ukulungisa umonakalo kwiimbilini.

Naluphi na uhlobo lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele lunokusilela ukuba ukuphilisa akwenzeki ngokufanelekileyo. Kule meko, ukufakelwa okanye ukufakelwa kuya kufuneka kususwe. Ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kokumiliselwa kuyasilela, umfazi unokuhlala enokwakha okwesibini esebenzisa enye indlela.

Ngaba i-inshurensi yezempilo iya kuhlawula ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele?

Umthetho we-Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act ka-1998 (WHCRA) ngumthetho olawulayo ofuna izicwangciso zezempilo zeqela kunye neenkampani zeinshurensi yezempilo ezibonelela ngokugubungela imastectomy ukuhlawulela uqhaqho lokwakha ngokutsha emva kwe-mastectomy. Olu bhengezo kufuneka lubandakanye onke amanqanaba okwakhiwa ngokutsha kunye notyando ukufezekisa ulingano phakathi kwamabele, ukufakwa kwamabele, kunye nonyango lweengxaki ezibangelwa kukukhula kwamathambo, kubandakanya ne-lymphedema. Olunye ulwazi malunga ne-WHCRA luyafumaneka kwiSebe lezabaSebenzi kunye namaZiko eeNkonzo zeMedare kunye neMedicaid.

Ezinye izicwangciso zezempilo ezixhaswe yimibutho yezenkolo kunye nezinye izicwangciso zezempilo zikarhulumente zinokuxolelwa kwi-WHCRA. Kwakhona, i-WHCRA ayisebenzi kwi-Medicare kunye neMedicaid. Nangona kunjalo, i-Medicare inokugubungela utyando lokwakha kwakhona amabele kunye neeprostheses zangaphandle zebele (kubandakanya ibra yasemva koqhaqho) emva kwe-mastectomy eyimfuneko kwezonyango.

Izibonelelo zeMedicaid ziyahluka ngurhulumente; Umfazi kufuneka aqhagamshelane ne-ofisi yakhe ye-Medicaid ngolwazi malunga nokuba, kwaye kangakanani, ukuvuselelwa kwebele kugutyungelwe.

Umfazi ojonga ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele unokufuna ukuxoxa ngeendleko kunye neinshurensi yezempilo nogqirha wakhe kunye nenkampani yeinshurensi ngaphambi kokukhetha ukwenza utyando. Ezinye iinkampani zeinshurensi zifuna uluvo lwesibini ngaphambi kokuba zivume ukuhlawulela utyando.

Loluphi uhlobo lokhathalelo olulandelayo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo olufunekayo emva kokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele?

Naluphi na uhlobo lokwakhiwa kwakhona lwonyusa inani leziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokufunyanwa libafazi xa kuthelekiswa nezo zisenzeka emva kokubeleka kuphela. Iqela lezonyango labasetyhini liya kumjonga ngokusondeleyo kwiingxaki, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zenzeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka emva kotyando (1,2,10).

Abasetyhini abanezicubu ze-autologous okanye ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okusekwe kwisiseko banokuzuza kunyango lomzimba ukuphucula okanye ukugcina uluhlu lwamagxalaba okanye ukubanceda bachache kubuthathaka obufunyenwe kwindawo apho kwathathwa khona izicubu zabanikeli, njengobuthathaka besisu (11,12) ). Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni lunokunceda umntu wasetyhini ukuba asebenzise imithambo yokufumana amandla kwakhona, ahlengahlengise kwimida emitsha yomzimba, kwaye abone iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ngaba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele kuchaphazela ukubanakho ukujonga ukuphindaphinda komhlaza wamabele?

Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele akunyusi amathuba okuba umhlaza webele ubuye okanye wenze kube nzima ukujonga ukuphindaphinda nge-mammography (13).

Abasetyhini abasuswe ibele elinye nge-mastectomy basaya kuba ne-mammograms yelinye ibele. Abasetyhini abaye banesifo sokukhusela ulusu okanye abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphindaphinda komhlaza wamabele banokuba neemammograms zesifuba esakhiwe ngokutsha ukuba sakhiwe ngokutsha kusetyenziswa izicwili ezizenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-mammograms ngokwesiqhelo azenziwanga emabeleni awakhiwe ngokutsha ngokufakelwa emva kokubeleka.

Umfazi ofakelwe ibele kufuneka axelele ingcali ye-radiology malunga nokufakwa kwakhe ngaphambi kokuba enze i-mammogram. Inkqubo ezizodwa zinokuba yimfuneko ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwe-mammogram kunye nokuphepha ukonakalisa ukufakelwa.

Olunye ulwazi malunga nee-mammograms lunokufumaneka kwi-NCI sheet sheet yeMammograms.

Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezenzekayo ekuvuseleleni amabele emva kwemastectomy?

• Utyando lwe-Oncoplastic. Ngokubanzi, abasetyhini abane-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy ekhethekileyo yomhlaza wamabele webala lokuqala abanakwakhiwa kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye baba bafazi ugqirha wotyando unokusebenzisa ubuchule botyando lweplastikhi ukwenza ibele kwakhona ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza. Olu hlobo lotyando olugcina amabele, olubizwa ngokuba yi-oncoplastic surgery, lusenokusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwethishu lendawo, ulwakhiwo kwakhona ngotyando lokunciphisa amabele, okanye ukuhanjiswa kweethambo. Iziphumo zexesha elide zolu hlobo lotyando zinokuthelekiswa nezo zotyando oluqhelekileyo lokugcina amabele (14).

• Ukudityaniswa kwamanqatha e-Autologous. Uhlobo olutsha lwendlela yokwakha kwakhona ibele ibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwezicubu ezinamanqatha ukusuka kwelinye ilungu lomzimba (ngesiqhelo amathanga, isisu, okanye iimpundu) ukuya kwisifuba esakhiwe ngokutsha. Izicubu ezinamanqatha zivunwa nge-liposuction, zihlanjwe, kwaye zifakwe amanzi ukuze ingene kwindawo enomdla kuyo. Ukudityaniswa kwamanqatha kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulungisa iziphene kunye neeasymmetries ezinokubonakala emva kokwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukuvuselela lonke ibele. Nangona inkxalabo iphakanyisiwe malunga nokusilela kwezifundo zesiphumo sexesha elide, obu buchule buthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo (1,6).

Izalathiso ezikhethiweyo

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