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Unyango lwe-Craniopharyngioma yoBuntwana (®) -iPatient Version

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga neCraniopharyngioma yoBuntwana

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• I-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana zizilonda ezinobuchopho ezinobungozi ezifumaneka kufutshane nedlala lepituitary.

• Akukho bungozi baziwayo be-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana.

• Iimpawu zobuntwana be-craniopharyngioma zibandakanya utshintsho lombono kunye nokukhula kancinci.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho, umbono, kunye namanqanaba ehomoni asetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) i-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana.

• I-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana ifunyenwe kwaye inokususwa kutyando olunye.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

I-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana zizilonda ezinobuchopho ezinobungozi ezifumaneka kufutshane nedlala lepituitary.

I-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana ngamathumba anqabileyo afunyanwa kufutshane ne-pituitary gland (ilungu elilingana nepea elisezantsi kwengqondo elilawula amanye amadlala) kunye ne-hypothalamus (ilungu elincinci elimeyile elidityaniswe ne-pituitary gland ngemithambo).

I-Anatomy yangaphakathi kwengqondo, ebonisa iipineal kunye ne-pituitary gland, i-optic nerve, i-ventricles (ene-cerebrospinal fluid eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kunye nezinye iindawo zobuchopho.

I-Craniopharyngiomas zihlala ziyinxalenye yobunzima obuqinileyo kunye nenxalenye ye-cyst egcwele ulwelo. Zizinto ezinobungozi (hayi umhlaza) kwaye azisasazeki kwamanye amalungu engqondo okanye amanye amalungu omzimba. Nangona kunjalo, banokukhula kwaye bacinezele kwiindawo ezikufuphi zobuchopho okanye ezinye iindawo, kubandakanya i-pituitary gland, i-optic chiasm, i-optic nerves, kunye neendawo ezizaliswe ngamanzi kwi-brain. I-Craniopharyngiomas inokuchaphazela imisebenzi emininzi yengqondo. Banokuchaphazela ukwenziwa kwehomoni, ukukhula, kunye nombono. Izidumbu zengqondo zeBenign zifuna unyango.

Esi sishwankathelo simalunga nokunyangwa kwamathumba engqondo aphambili (amathumba aqala kwingqondo). Unyango lwamathumba obuchopho be-metastatic, amathumba abunjwe ziiseli zomhlaza eziqala kwezinye iinxalenye zomzimba kwaye zisasazeke kwingqondo, aligutyungelwanga kwesi sishwankathelo. Jonga isishwankathelo sonyango lwe- kubuNtwana boBuntwana kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview yolwazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors.

Izidumbu zobuchopho zinokubakho kokubini ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala; nangona kunjalo, unyango lwabantwana lunokwahluka kunonyango lwabantu abadala. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- kuNyango lwaBantu abaDala oluNyango lweeThumba ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.)

Akukho bungozi baziwayo be-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana.

I-Craniopharyngiomas inqabile kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kwaye bahlala befunyanwa kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala. Ayaziwa ukuba yintoni ebangela ezi tumors.

Iimpawu zobuntwana be-craniopharyngioma zibandakanya utshintsho lombono kunye nokukhula kancinci.

Ezi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa yi-craniopharyngiomas okanye ngezinye iimeko. Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Intloko ebandayo, kubandakanya iintloko zakusasa okanye intloko ehambayo emva kokugabha.

• Umbono utshintsha.

• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

• Ukuphulukana nokulingana okanye ukuhamba nzima.

• Ukwanda kunxano okanye ukuchama.

• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye utshintsho kumanqanaba amandla.

• Utshintsho kubuntu okanye ekuziphatheni.

• Ukufutshane okanye ukukhula kancinci.

• Ukuphulukana nokuva.

• Ukutyeba kwakho.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho, umbono, kunye namanqanaba ehomoni asetyenziselwa ukukhangela (ukufumana) i-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Neurological: Uthotho lwemibuzo kunye novavanyo lokujonga ubuchopho, intambo yomqolo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. Uvavanyo lujonga imeko yomntu ngokwengqondo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye namandla okuhamba ngesiqhelo, kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo izihlunu, imizwa kunye nengqondo. Oku kunokubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-neuro okanye uvavanyo lwe-neurologic.

• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo: Uvavanyo lokujonga indawo yokubona yomntu (indawo iyonke ekubonwa kuyo izinto). Olu vavanyo lilinganisa umbono ophakathi (umntu angabona kangakanani xa ejonge phambili) kunye nombono wendlela (ungakanani umntu anokuzibona kuzo zonke ezinye iindlela ngelixa ejonge phambili). Nakuphi na ukuphulukana nombono kunokuba luphawu lwethumba elonakalisiweyo okanye elicinezelweyo kwiindawo zobuchopho ezichaphazela ukubona.

• Ukuskena i-CT (ukuskena i-CAT): Inkqubo eyenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ezithathwe kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yenziwe yikhompyuter edityaniswe kumatshini we-x-ray. Idayi inokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni okanye iginywe ukunceda amalungu okanye izicwili zibonise ngokucacileyo. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yicompography tomography, ikhompyuter yeTomography, okanye ikhompyuter ye-axial tomography

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo kunye ne-gadolinium: Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha yeendawo ezingaphakathi kwengqondo. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium itofelwe emthanjeni. I-gadolinium iqokelela ijikeleze iiseli zethumba ukuze zibonakale zikhanya emfanekisweni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Izifundo ze-chemistry yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lwento elinokuba ngumqondiso wesifo.

• Izifundo zehomoni yegazi: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zehomoni ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Inani elingaqhelekanga (eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo) lexabiso linokuba luphawu lwesifo kwilungu okanye kwithishu eyenzayo. Umzekelo, igazi linokujongwa kumanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) okanye i-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). I-TSH kunye ne-ACTH zenziwa yidlala yebhinqa kwingqondo.

I-craniopharyngiomas yobuntwana ifunyenwe kwaye inokususwa kutyando olunye.

Oogqirha banokucinga ukuba ubunzima yi-craniopharyngioma esekwe apho ikhoyo kwingqondo kwaye ijongeka njani kwi-CT scan okanye kwi-MRI. Ukuze uqiniseke, kufuneka isampulu yethishu.

Enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zenkqubo ye-biopsy inokusetyenziselwa ukuthatha isampulu yethishu:

• I-biopsy evulekileyo: Inaliti engenanto ifakwa kumngxunya wokakayi kwingqondo.

• I-biopsy ekhokelwa yikhompyuter: Inaliti engenanto ekhokelwa yikhompyuter ifakwe ngaphakathi kumngxunya omncinci okakayi kwingqondo.

• I-biopsy yeTranssphenoidal: Izixhobo zifakwa ngempumlo kunye nethambo le-sphenoid (ithambo elenziwe libhabhathane kwisiseko sokhakhayi) nasezingqondweni.

Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zethumba. Ukuba kufunyenwe iiseli zethumba, kususwe ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha lotyando olunye.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lweelebhu lunokwenziwa kwisampulu yethishyu esuswayo:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukukhangela ii-antigen ezithile (iimpawu) kwisampulu yesicwili somguli. Amachiza omzimba ahlala enxulunyaniswa ne-enzyme okanye idayi ye-fluorescent. Emva kokuba ii-antibodies zibophelela kwi-antigen ethile kwisampulu yethishu, i-enzyme okanye idayi iyasebenza, kwaye i-antigen iya kuthi emva koko ibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza kunye nokunceda uxelele olunye uhlobo lomhlaza kolunye uhlobo lomhlaza.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango luxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Ubungakanani bethumba.

• Apho ithumba lisengqondweni.

• Nokuba kukho iiseli zethumba ezisele emva kotyando.

• Iminyaka yomntwana.

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka emva konyango.

• Nokuba ithumba lisandula ukufumanisa ukuba likhe lafunyaniswa okanye laphinda labuya (buyela).

Amanqanaba obuNtwana beCranopharyngioma

Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwengqondo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba kuthiwa yi-staging. Akukho nkqubo ikumgangatho wokumisa umntwana okwi-craniopharyngioma. I-Craniopharyngioma ichazwa njengesifo esandula ukufunyanwa okanye isifo esiphindaphindayo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziwe zokufumanisa i-craniopharyngioma zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ekuthatheni izigqibo ngonyango.

ICraniopharyngioma yaBantwana aBafundayo

I-craniopharyngioma yesiqhelo sisifo esibuhlungu esibuye sabuya (sabuya) emva kokuba sinyangiwe. I-tumor inokubuyela kwindawo efanayo yengqondo apho yafunyanwa khona okokuqala.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwabantwana abane-craniopharyngioma.

• Abantwana abane-craniopharyngioma kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngezempilo abaziingcali kunyango lobuchopho

amathumba ebantwaneni.

• Amathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni anokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ubhaqwe kwaye uqhubeke kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka.

• Unyango lwe-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

• Ugqirha (ukuthengiswa kwakhona)

• Utyando kunye nonyango lwemitha

• Utyando kunye ne-cyst drainage

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwabantwana abane-craniopharyngioma.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kubantwana abane-craniopharyngioma. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinamathumba. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba amathumba ebantwaneni anqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo oluqhubekayo lwezonyango luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-NCI. Ukukhetha olona nyango lufanelekileyo sisigqibo esibandakanya isigulana, usapho kunye neqela lokhathalelo lwempilo.

Abantwana abane-craniopharyngioma kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngezempilo abaziingcali kunyango lwesisu kubantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana ngamathumba. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye ababoneleli ngezempilo babantwana abaziingcali kunyango lwabantwana abanezilonda zobuchopho kwaye bagxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Neurosurgeon.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ingcali yonyango.

• Ingcali yezigulana.

• Ophthalmologist.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yomongikazi.

Amathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni anokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ubhaqwe kwaye uqhubeke kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba zingaqala ngaphambi kokuxilongwa kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neempawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba eliya kuqhubeka emva konyango.

Unyango lwe-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lwethumba eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyangwa kwesisu zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Iingxaki zomzimba ezinje ngokuxhuzula.

• Iingxaki zokuziphatha.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza).

Ezi ngxaki zibalulekileyo zomzimba zinokwenzeka ukuba isifo sedlala, i-hypothalamus, i-optic nerves, okanye i-carotid artery iyachaphazeleka ngexesha lotyando okanye unyango lwemitha:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu.

• Isifo seMetabolic syndrome, kubandakanya isifo sesibindi esinamafutha esingabangelwa kukusela utywala.

• Iingxaki zombono, kubandakanya ukungaboni.

• Iingxaki zomthambo wegazi okanye ukubetha.

• Ukuphulukana namandla okwenza iihomoni ezithile.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Unyango lwe-hormone yobomi obude kunye namayeza aliqela anokufuneka. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neziphumo zonyango lwethumba olunokuba nomntwana wakho. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya).

Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

Ugqirha (ukuthengiswa kwakhona)

Indlela yotyando olwenziwa ngayo ixhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba nalapho likhona kwingqondo. Kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba eli thumba likhule laba ziithishu ezikufutshane ngendlela efana nomnwe kwaye kulindelwe iziphumo emva kotyando.

Iindidi zotyando ezingasetyenziselwa ukususa lonke ithumba elinokubonwa ngamehlo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lweTranssphenoidal: Uhlobo lotyando apho izixhobo zifakwa kwinxalenye yengqondo ngokuqhekezwa (okusikiweyo) okwenziwe phantsi komlomo ongaphezulu okanye ezantsi kwempumlo phakathi kwempumlo emva koko kwithambo le-sphenoid (ibhabhathane -ithambo elibunjiweyo emazantsi okhakhayi) ukufikelela kwisisu kufutshane nedlala lobuchopho kunye ne-hypothalamus.

Utyando lweTranssphenoidal. I-endoscope kunye ne-curette zifakwa ngeempumlo kunye ne-sphenoid sinus ukususa ithumba.

• I-Craniotomy: Utyando lokususa ithumba ngokuvula okwenziwe kwikakayi.

I-Craniotomy: Kuvulwa ukakayi kwaye kususwe iqhekeza lekhakhayi ukubonisa indawo yengqondo.

Ngamanye amaxesha lonke ithumba elinokubonwa liyasuswa kuqhaqho kwaye akukho lunye unyango olufunekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunzima ukususa ithumba kuba liyakhula okanye licinezela kumalungu akufuphi. Ukuba kukho ithumba elisele emva kotyando, unyango lwemitha luhlala lunikezelwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zethumba ezishiyekileyo. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Utyando kunye nonyango lwemitha

Ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye i-craniopharyngiomas. Isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ithumba, isuse ulwelo kwi-cyst, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiimbilini ze-optic. Ukuba ithumba likufutshane nedlala lengqula okanye ihypothalamus, alisuswanga. Oku kunciphisa inani leziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandla emva kotyando. Ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kulandelwa lonyango lwemitha.

Unyango ngemitha lunyango lwethumba olusebenzisa amandla amakhulu e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zesisu okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kwi-tumor.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba.

Indlela enikwa ngayo unyango lwe-radiation kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba, nokuba ngaba eli thumba lisanda kufunyaniswa okanye libuyile, kwaye apho ithumba lenzeke khona kwingqondo. Unyango lwangaphandle nolwangaphandle lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana.

Kuba unyango lwe-radiation kwingqondo lunokuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwabantwana abancinci, iindlela zokunika unyango lwe-radiation oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa ziyasetyenziswa. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-radiosurgery ye-stereotactic: Kwii-craniopharyngiomas ezincinci kakhulu kwisiseko sobuchopho, i-stereotactic radiosurgery inokusetyenziswa. I-radiosurgery yestereotactic luhlobo lonyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Isakhelo sentloko esiqinileyo siqhotyoshelwe kukhakhayi ukugcina intloko ithe cwaka ngexesha lonyango lwemitha. Umatshini ujolise kwidosi enye enkulu yemitha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tumor. Le nkqubo ayibandakanyi utyando. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-stereotaxic radiosurgery, radiosurgery, kunye notyando lwemitha.

• Unyango lwe-radiation yangaphakathi emzimbeni: Unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphakathi luhlobo lonyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha olunokuthi lusetyenziswe kwizidumba eziyinxalenye yobunzima obuqinileyo kunye necyst egcwele ulwelo. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo zibekwe ngaphakathi kwithumba. Olu hlobo lonyango lwemitha lubangela umonakalo omncinci kwi-hypothalamus ekufuphi kunye ne-optic nerves.

• Ukunyanga okunyanzelekileyo: Unyango lwonyango olusebenzisa i-x-reyi okanye i-gamma ray evela kumatshini okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-linear accelerator (linac) ukubulala iiseli zesisu. Ikhompyuter isetyenziselwa ukujolisa ngqo kubume kunye nendawo elihlala kuyo ithumba. Imiqadi emincinci yeefotoni zamandla ahlukeneyo ijolise kwithumba elivela kwii-engile ezininzi. Olu hlobo lonyango lwe-radiation olunemilinganiselo emi-3 lunokubangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni kwingqondo nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Unyango lwe-Photon lwahlukile kunyango lweproton.

• Unyango lwe-proton yangaphakathi: Uhlobo lonyango lwemitha olusebenzisa imijelo yeeproton (amasuntswana amancinci anexabiso elifanelekileyo) ukubulala iiseli zesisu. Ikhompyuter isetyenziselwa ukujolisa ngqo kubume kunye nendawo elihlala kuyo ithumba. Imiqadi emincinci yeeproton zamandla ahlukeneyo ijolise kwithumba elivela kwii-engile ezininzi. Olu hlobo lonyango lwe-radiation olunemilinganiselo emi-3 lunokubangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni kwingqondo nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Imitha yeProton yahlukile kwimitha ye-x-ray.

Utyando kunye ne-cyst drainage

Utyando lunokwenziwa ukukhupha izicubu ezinama-cysts azele lulwelo. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwingqondo kwaye kunciphisa iimpawu. I-catheter (ityhubhu ebhityileyo) ifakwe kwi-cyst kwaye isikhongozeli esincinci sibekwe phantsi kolusu. Ulwelo ludlulela kwisitya kwaye lususwe kamva. Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuba i-cyst ikhutshwe, isilwanyana sifakwa kwi-catheter kwi-cyst. Oku kubangela ukuba udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-cyst lube lusisi kwaye luyeke i-cyst ekubeni yenze ulwelo okanye yonyuse inani lexesha elithathayo ukuze ulwakhiwo lwakhiwe kwakhona. Utyando lokususa ithumba lunokwenziwa emva kokuba i-cyst icinyiwe.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amachiza e-anticancer ukumisa ukukhula kweeseli zethumba, nokuba kungokubulala iiseli okanye ukuziyeka zahlule. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomzimba kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa ichemotherapy ibekwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid okanye kwilungu, amachiza ikakhulu achaphazela iiseli zethumba kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi).

I-chemotherapy yangaphakathi luhlobo lwe-chemotherapy yengingqi ebeka iziyobisi ngokuthe ngqo emgodini, njenge-cyst. Isetyenziselwa i-craniopharyngioma ebuyileyo emva konyango.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba okanye ezenziwe elebhu zisetyenziselwa ukonyusa, ukuqondisa, okanye ukubuyisela ukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba kumhlaza. Olu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-biotherapy okanye unyango lwe-biologic. Kwi-craniopharyngioma, ichiza le-immunotherapy (interferon-alpha) libekwe emthanjeni (ngaphakathi) okanye ngaphakathi kwithumba kusetyenziswa i-catheter (intracavitary).

Kubantwana abasandula ukufunyanwa, i-interferon-alpha inokubekwa ngqo kwi-cyst (intracystic) yokulibazisa isidingo sotyando okanye unyango ngemitha. Kubantwana abanesifo esiye saphinda sabuya (buya buya), i-intracavitary interferon-alpha isetyenziselwa ukunyanga intsholongwane.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango ekujolise kulo luyafundelwa kunyango lwe-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana ebuye yabuya.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando lwezonyango. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba unyango olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela eziza kunyangwa ngayo izifo kwixesha elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezingakhange ziphucule. Kukwakho novavanyo lweklinikhi oluvavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa isifo ukuba singaphindi (sibuye) okanye sinciphise iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa isifo okanye ukuthatha isigqibo ngendlela yokusinyanga zingaphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yakho itshintshile. Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Emva konyango, ukuvavanywa kokulandelwa nge-MRI kuyakwenziwa iminyaka eliqela ukujonga ukuba eli thumba libuyile na.

Ukhetho kunyango lweCranopharyngioma yaBantwana

Kweli Candelo

• Isandula ukufumanisa isifo iCraniopharyngioma yaBantwana

• ICraniopharyngioma yaBantwana aBafundayo

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Isandula ukufumanisa isifo iCraniopharyngioma yaBantwana

Unyango lwe-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana esandula ukufunyanwa inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (ukuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo) kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha.

• Ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kulandelwe lonyango lwemitha.

• Umjelo wecyst kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwemitha okanye utyando.

• Intracavitary okanye intracystic immunotherapy (interferon-alpha).

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

ICraniopharyngioma yaBantwana aBafundayo

I-Craniopharyngioma inokuphinda ibuye (ibuye) nokuba iphathwe njani okokuqala. Ukhetho kunyango lwe-craniopharyngioma ebuntwaneni ephindaphindiweyo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olunikiweyo xa kwafunyaniswa ithumba okokuqala kunye neemfuno zomntwana.

Unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando (ukuthengiswa kwakhona).

• Unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphandle.

• Iiradiooserege zestereotactic.

• Unyango lwe-radiation yangaphakathi.

• I-chemotherapy yangaphakathi.

• I-intravenous (systemic) okanye i-intracavitary immunotherapy (interferon-alpha).

• Umjelo wecyst.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neCraniopharyngioma yoBuntwana kunye naBanye abaDala beBongo

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-craniopharyngioma yobuntwana kunye namanye amathumba engqondo ebuntwaneni, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane zeBongo leTumor Consortium (PBTC) Phuma kwisichaso

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli