Types/brain/patient/child-cns-embryonal-treatment-pdq

Unyango lwaBantwana oluPhakathi lweNervous Embryonal Tumors Treatment (®) -Patient Version

Ulwazi oluBanzi malunga neNkqubo yoBuntwana ePhakamileyo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) yamathumbu embryonal anokuqala kwiiseli ze-embryonic (fetal) ezihlala kwingqondo emva kokuzalwa.

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CNS embryonal tumors.

• Ifom ye-Pineoblastomas kwiiseli ze-pineal gland.

• Iimeko ezithile zofuzo zonyusa umngcipheko wobuntwana be-CNS tumryonal tumors.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zobuntwana be-CNS tumryonal tumors okanye ipineoblastomas zixhomekeke kubudala bomntwana kwaye apho kukho ithumba.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana (ukufumana) amathumba e-embryonal tumors okanye iipinoblastomas zobuntwana.

• I-biopsy inokwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-CNS embryonal tumor okanye ipineoblastoma.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) yamathumbu embryonal anokuqala kwiiseli ze-embryonic (fetal) ezihlala kwingqondo emva kokuzalwa.

Inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) ye-embryonal tumors form kwiiseli ze-embryonic ezihlala kwingqondo emva kokuzalwa. I-CNS embryonal tumors zihlala zisasazeka nge-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukuya kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo.

Izidumbu zinokuba nobungozi (umhlaza) okanye ubungozi (hayi umhlaza). Uninzi lwe-CNS embryonal tumors ebantwaneni ababi. Izilonda ezinobuchopho ezinobungozi kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Xa ithumba likhula lingena okanye licinezela kwingingqi yengqondo, linokuyekisa loo ndawo yobuchopho ukuba isebenze ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba isebenza ngayo. Izidumbu zengqondo zeBenign ziyakhula kwaye zicinezele kwiindawo ezikufuphi zobuchopho. Banqabile ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu engqondo. Zombini izicubu zobuchopho ezinobungozi nezinobungozi zinokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu kwaye zifuna unyango.

Nangona umhlaza unqabile ebantwaneni, amathumba engqondo lolona hlobo lwesibini luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuntwana, emva kweleukemia. Esi sishwankathelo simalunga nokunyangwa kwamathumba engqondo aphambili (amathumba aqala kwingqondo). Unyango lwamathumba obuchopho be-metastatic, aqala kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye asasazeka kwingqondo, awuxutyushwanga kwesi sishwankathelo. Ngolwazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho kunye ne-spinal cord tumors, jonga isishwankathelo se- kuBrain Brain kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview.

Amathumba ebuchwephesha avela kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Unyango lwabantu abadala lunokwahluka kunyango lwabantwana. Jonga isishwankathelo se- kunyango lwe-Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment ngolwazi oluthe kratya kunyango lwabantu abadala.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CNS embryonal tumors.

I-Anatomy yangaphakathi kwengqondo, ebonisa iipineal kunye ne-pituitary gland, i-optic nerve, i-ventricles (ene-cerebrospinal fluid eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kunye nezinye iindawo zobuchopho.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeCSS embryonal tumors zibandakanya:

I-Medulloblastomas

Uninzi lwe-CNS embryonal tumors zi-medulloblastomas. IMedulloblastomas ngamathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza enza iiseli zobuchopho kwi-cerebellum. I-cerebellum ikwindawo esezantsi engqondweni phakathi kwecerebrum kunye nesiqu sobuchopho. I-cerebellum ilawula ukuhamba, ibhalansi kunye nokuma. I-Medulloblastomas ngamanye amaxesha isasazeka ithambo, umongo wethambo, umphunga, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Amathumba e-nonmedulloblastoma embryonal

I-nonmedulloblastoma yamathumba e-embryonal ngamathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza ahlala esenza kwiiseli zobuchopho kwi-cerebrum. Isithsaba siphezulu kwentloko kwaye lelona candelo likhulu lobuchopho. I-cerebrum ilawula ukucinga, ukufunda, ukusombulula iingxaki, iimvakalelo, intetho, ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nentshukumo yokuzithandela. I-nonmedulloblastoma embryonal tumors inokuthi ikwenze kwingcambu yengqondo okanye kwintambo yomqolo.

Zine iindidi zamathumba e-nonmedulloblastoma embryonal:

• Amathumba e-embryonal aneerosettes ezininzi

Izidumba ze-embryonal ezinee-rosettes ezininzi (i-ETMR) zinqabile amathumba enza kwingqondo nakumqolo. I-ETMR ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni abancinci kwaye ngamathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza.

• I-Medulloepitheliomas

I-Medulloepitheliomas ngamathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza ahlala esenza kwingqondo, emqolo okanye kwimithambo-luvo engaphandle komqolo. Zenzeka rhoqo kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci.

• CNS neuroblastomas

I-CNS neuroblastomas luhlobo olunqabileyo kakhulu lwe-neuroblastoma eyenzeka kwinyama ye-cerebrum okanye kumaleko eethishu egubungele ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. I-CNS neuroblastomas inokuba nkulu kwaye isasazeke kwamanye amalungu engqondo okanye umnqonqo.

• CNS ganglioneuroblastomas

I-CNS ganglioneuroblastomas zizidumbu ezinqabileyo ezakha izicwili zemithambo-luvo yengqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Zingabumba kwindawo enye kwaye zikhule ngokukhawuleza okanye zenze indawo engaphezulu kwesinye kwaye zikhule kancinci.

Ubuntwana be-CNS atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor ikwaluhlobo lwe-embryonal tumor, kodwa iphathwa ngokwahlukileyo kunolunye ulutsha lwe-CNS embryonal tumors. Jonga isishwankathelo se kwiNkqubo yoKhuseleko lwaBantwana e-Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ifom ye-Pineoblastomas kwiiseli ze-pineal gland.

Ipineal gland lilungu elincinci embindini wengqondo. Eli dlala lenza i <em> melatonin, into esinceda ekulawuleni umjikelo wokulala kwethu.

I-Pineoblastomas ifom kwiiseli ze-pineal gland kwaye zihlala zibi. I-Pineoblastomas ngamathumba akhula ngokukhawuleza kunye neeseli ezibonakala zahluke kakhulu kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo zepineal gland. I-Pineoblastomas ayilulo uhlobo lwe-CNS embryonal tumor kodwa unyango lwabo lufana nonyango lwe-CNS tumryonal tumors.

I-Pineoblastoma inxulunyaniswa notshintsho oluziwe kwilifa le-retinoblastoma (RB1). Umntwana onesimo selifa se-retinoblastoma (umhlaza kuneefom kwizihlunu zeretina) unobungozi obandayo bepineoblastoma. Xa i-retinoblastoma ifom ngexesha elifanayo njenge-tumor ngaphakathi okanye kufuphi ne-pineal gland, ibizwa ngokuba yi-retinoblastoma. I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) yovavanyo kubantwana abane-retinoblastoma inokufumana i-pineoblastoma kwinqanaba lokuqala xa inokunyangwa ngempumelelo.

Iimeko ezithile zofuzo zonyusa umngcipheko wobuntwana be-CNS tumryonal tumors.

Nantoni na eyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo ibizwa ngokuba yingozi. Ukuba nomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza; ukungabinamngcipheko oko akuthethi ukuba awuzukufumana umhlaza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-CNS embryonal tumors zibandakanya ukuba nezifo zilandelayo:

• Isifo seTurcot.

• Isifo seRubinstein-Taybi.

• Isifo seNevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin).

• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni.

• I-Fanconi anemia.

Abantwana abaneenguqu ezithile zofuzo okanye imbali yosapho yomhlaza enxulunyaniswe notshintsho kuhlobo lwe-BRCA inokuqwalaselwa kuvavanyo lwemfuzo. Nangona kunqabile, oku kukujonga ukuba umntwana unesifo somhlaza esibeka umntwana emngciphekweni wezinye izifo okanye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela we-CNS embryonal tumors akaziwa.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zobuntwana be-CNS tumryonal tumors okanye ipineoblastomas zixhomekeke kubudala bomntwana kwaye apho kukho ithumba.

Ezi kunye neminye imiqondiso kunye neempawu zinokubangelwa kukukhula kwengqondo kwi-CNS ye-embryonal tumors, ipineoblastomas, okanye ezinye iimeko. Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuphulukana nokulingana, ukungahambi kakuhle, ukonakalisa ukubhala, okanye intetho ecothayo.

• Ukungabikho kolungelelaniso.

• Intloko ebuhlungu, ngakumbi kusasa, okanye intloko ehambayo emva kokugabha.

• Umbono ophindwe kabini okanye ezinye iingxaki zamehlo.

• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

• Ubuthathaka ngokubanzi okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lobuso.

• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye utshintsho kumanqanaba amandla.

• Ukuxhuzula.

Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci abanamathumba banokuba nomsindo okanye bakhule kancinci. Kananjalo abanakutya kakuhle okanye bahlangane namanqanaba okukhula okufana nokuhlala, ukuhamba nokuthetha kwizivakalisi.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana (ukufumana) amathumba e-embryonal tumors okanye iipinoblastomas zobuntwana.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Neurological: Uthotho lwemibuzo kunye novavanyo lokujonga ubuchopho, intambo yomqolo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. Uvavanyo lujonga imeko yengqondo yesigulana, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba ngokwesiqhelo, kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo izihlunu, imizwa kunye nengqondo. Oku kunokubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-neuro okanye uvavanyo lwe-neurologic.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo kunye ne-gadolinium: Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha yeendawo ezingaphakathi kwengqondo kunye nomqolo. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium itofelwe emthanjeni. I-gadolinium iqokelela malunga neeseli zomhlaza ukuze zibonakale zikhanya emfanekisweni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI). Ngamanye amaxesha i-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) yenziwa ngexesha lokuvavanywa kweMRI ukujonga iikhemikhali kwinyama yobuchopho.

• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar: Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukusuka kumqolo womqolo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubeka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabini emqolo kunye nakwi-CSF ejikeleze intambo yomqolo kunye nokususa isampulu yolwelo. Isampulu ye-CSF ihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngeempawu zeeseli zethumba. Isampulu inokujongwa kwakhona kwixabiso leprotein kunye neswekile. Inani elingaphezulu kweprotheyini eliqhelekileyo okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo iswekile inokuba luphawu lwethumba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-LP okanye impompo yomqolo.

Ukugqobhoza iLumbar. Isigulana silele endaweni egobileyo phezu kwetafile. Emva kokuba indawo encinci kumqolo ongezantsi ifakwe inaliti, inaliti yomgogodla (inaliti ende, ebhityileyo) ifakwe kwinxalenye esezantsi yomqolo womqolo ukususa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ulwelo lunokuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri kuvavanyo.

I-biopsy inokwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-CNS embryonal tumor okanye ipineoblastoma.

Ukuba oogqirha bacinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-CNS embryonal tumor okanye ipineoblastoma, kungenziwa i-biopsy. Kwiimpawu zengqondo, i-biopsy yenziwa ngokususa inxalenye yekhayi kunye nokusebenzisa inaliti ukususa isampuli yezicubu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusetyenziswa inaliti ekhokelwa yikhompyuter ukususa isampulu yethishu. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zifunyenwe, ugqirha unokususa i-tumor eninzi ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lotyando olufanayo. Ingcezu yekhakhayi ihlala ibekwa endaweni yayo emva kwenkqubo.

I-Craniotomy: Kuvulwa ukakayi kwaye kususwe iqhekeza lekhakhayi ukubonisa indawo yengqondo.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa kwisampulu yethishu esusiweyo:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukukhangela ii-antigen ezithile (iimpawu) kwisampulu yesicwili somguli. Amachiza omzimba ahlala enxulunyaniswa ne-enzyme okanye idayi ye-fluorescent. Emva kokuba ii-antibodies zibophelela kwi-antigen ethile kwisampulu yethishu, i-enzyme okanye idayi iyasebenza, kwaye i-antigen iya kuthi emva koko ibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza kunye nokunceda uxelele olunye uhlobo lomhlaza kolunye uhlobo lomhlaza.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokufumana kwakhona) kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha) kunye nokhetho kunyango luxhomekeke:

• Uhlobo lwethumba kwaye luphi kwingqondo.

• Nokuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwengqondo kunye nomqolo xa kufunyenwe ithumba.

• Iminyaka yomntwana xa ifunyenwe ithumba.

• Lungakanani ithumba elihlala likhona emva kotyando.

• Nokuba kukho utshintsho oluthile kwii-chromosomes, zofuzo, okanye iiseli zengqondo.

• Nokuba ithumba lisandula ukufumanisa ukuba likhe lafunyaniswa okanye laphinda labuya (buyela).

UkuQulunqa ubuntwana boMbindi weNkqubo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Unyango lwenkqubo yobuntwana embindini (CNS) yamathumba embryonal kunye nepineoblastomas kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nobudala bomntwana.

• Unyango lwe-medulloblastoma kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 ikwaxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba eli thumba lingumngcipheko ophakathi okanye umngcipheko omkhulu.

• Umngcipheko ophakathi (umntwana mdala kuneminyaka emi-3 ubudala)

• Umngcipheko omkhulu (umntwana ungaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala)

• Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa (ukufumana) i-CNS yamathumba e-embryonal okanye i-pineoblastomas isetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango lomhlaza.

Unyango lwenkqubo yobuntwana embindini (CNS) yamathumba embryonal kunye nepineoblastomas kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nobudala bomntwana.

Inqanaba yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ungakanani umhlaza okhoyo kwaye ukuba umhlaza usasazekile. Kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango.

Akukho nkqubo yokulinganisa esemgangathweni yenkqubo yobuntwana engaphakathi (CNS) yamathumba embryonal kunye nepineoblastomas. Endaweni yoko, unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nobudala bomntwana (iminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu kuneminyaka emi-3).

Unyango lwe-medulloblastoma kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 ikwaxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba eli thumba lingumngcipheko ophakathi okanye umngcipheko omkhulu.

Umngcipheko ophakathi (umntwana mdala kuneminyaka emi-3 ubudala)

I-Medulloblastomas ibizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko ophakathi xa zonke ezi zinto ziyinyani:

• Ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando okanye bekusele isixa esincinci kakhulu.

• Umhlaza awunwenwanga nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Umngcipheko omkhulu (umntwana ungaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala)

I-Medulloblastomas ibizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko omkhulu ukuba ngaba oku kulandelayo kuyinyani:

• Elinye ithumba alizange lisuswe ngotyando.

• Umhlaza unwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zobuchopho okanye umnqonqo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngokubanzi, umhlaza kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde ubuye (ubuye) kwizigulana ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.

Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa (ukufumana) i-CNS yamathumba e-embryonal okanye i-pineoblastomas isetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango lomhlaza.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-CNS ye-embryonal tumors okanye i-pineoblastomas iphindaphindwe emva kotyando ukususa ithumba. (Jonga icandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi.) Oku kukufumanisa ukuba lisale kangakanani ithumba emva kotyando.

Olunye uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zinokwenziwa ukufumana ukuba umhlaza usasazekile:

• Umnqweno womongo wethambo kunye ne-biopsy: Ukususwa komongo wethambo, igazi, kunye nesiqwenga samathambo ngokufaka inaliti engenanto kumqolo okanye ithambo lesifuba. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga umongo wethambo, igazi kunye nethambo phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iimpawu zomhlaza. Umnqweno wethambo kunye ne-biopsy yenziwa kuphela xa kukho imiqondiso yokuba umhlaza usasazekile kumongo wethambo.

Umnqweno wethambo lomnqweno kunye ne-biopsy. Emva kokuba indawo encinci yolusu iphonyiwe, inaliti yomongo wethambo ifakwa kwithambo lesinqe somntwana. Iisampulu zegazi, ithambo, kunye nomongo wethambo ziyasuswa ukuze zihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope.

• Ukuskena amathambo: Inkqubo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza, emathanjeni. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo ziqokelela emathanjeni anomhlaza kwaye zifunyenwe siskena. Ukuvavanywa kwethambo kwenziwa kuphela xa kukho iimpawu okanye iimpawu zomhlaza osele udlulele kwithambo.

• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar: Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukusuka kumqolo womqolo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubeka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabini emqolo kunye nakwi-CSF ejikeleze intambo yomqolo kunye nokususa isampulu yolwelo. Isampulu ye-CSF ihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngeempawu zeeseli zethumba. Isampulu inokujongwa kwakhona kwixabiso leprotein kunye neswekile. Inani elingaphezulu kweprotheyini eliqhelekileyo okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo iswekile inokuba luphawu lwethumba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-LP okanye impompo yomqolo.

Ukuphinda-phinda ubuntwana boMbindi weNkqubo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors

Inkqubo ephindaphindayo yobuntwana ebuchotsheni (i-CNS) ithumba lesibeleko sisisu esiphindaphindayo (esibuyayo) emva kokunyangwa. Ubuntwana beCSS embryonal tumors zihlala ziphindaphinda kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3 emva konyango kodwa zinokubuya emva kweminyaka emininzi. Ukuphindaphindeka kobuntwana be-CNS amathumba e-embryonal anokubuyela kwindawo enye kunye nethumba lasekuqaleni kunye / okanye kwindawo eyahlukileyo kwingqondo okanye kwintambo yomqolo. I-CNS embryonal tumors kunqabile ukuba isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanesistim semithambo-luvo (CNS).

• Abantwana abane-CNS embryonal tumors kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo abaziingcali kunyango lwesisu kubantwana.

• Amathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni anokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ubhaqwe kwaye uqhubeke kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka.

• Unyango lwenkqubo yobuntwana embindini yamathumba e-embryonal kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanesistim semithambo-luvo (CNS).

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kubantwana abanesistim se-nervous system (CNS). Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abane-CNS embryonal tumors kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo abaziingcali kunyango lwesisu kubantwana.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo yabantwana abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanezilonda zobuchopho kwaye begxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Neurosurgeon.

• Ingcali yonyango.

• Neuropathologist.

• Neuroradiologist.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

Amathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni anokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ubhaqwe kwaye uqhubeke kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba zingaqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe kwaye uqhubeke kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga neempawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba eliya kuqhubeka emva konyango.

Unyango lwenkqubo yobuntwana embindini yamathumba e-embryonal kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Iingxaki zomzimba.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza).

Abantwana abafunyaniswe ukuba une-medulloblastoma banokuba neengxaki ezithile emva kotyando okanye unyango ngemitha olufana notshintsho kumandla okucinga, ukufunda nokujonga. Kwakhona, i-cerebellar mutism syndrome inokwenzeka emva kotyando. Iimpawu zesi sifo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulibazisa amandla okuthetha.

• Ingxaki yokuginya nokutya.

• Ukuphulukana nebhalansi, ukuhamba nzima, kunye nokubhala ngokubi.

• Ukuphulukana nethoni yezihlunu.

• Ukutshintsha kwemo kunye notshintsho kubuntu.

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga nefuthe unyango lomhlaza olunokuba nalo emntwaneni wakho. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya).

Iintlobo ezintlanu zonyango zisetyenzisiwe:

Ugqirha

Utyando lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokunyanga ithumba lobuntwana le-CNS njengoko kuchaziwe kwicandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi kwesi sishwankathelo.

Emva kokuba ugqirha ewususile wonke umhlaza onokubonakala ngexesha lotyando, ezinye izigulana zinokunikwa ichemotherapy, unyango ngemitha, okanye zombini emva kotyando lokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele. Unyango olunikezwe emva kotyando, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona, lubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluncedisayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza. Iindlela ezithile zokunika unyango ngemitha kunokunceda ukugcina imitha ingonakalisi izicubu ezisempilweni ezikufutshane. Ezi ntlobo zonyango lwe-radiation zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Unyango lwe-radiation oluguquguqukayo: Unyango lwe-radiation oluguquguqukayo luhlobo lonyango lwangaphandle lwemitha olusebenzisa ikhompyuter ukwenza umfanekiso we-3-dimensional (3-D) yesisu kunye nokuma kwemitha yemitha ukuze ilingane nethumba. Oku kuvumela idosi ephezulu yemitha ukuba ifikelele kwithumba kwaye ibangele umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni ezikufutshane.

• Unyango lwe-stereotactic radiation: Unyango lwe-stereotactic radiation luhlobo lonyango lwangaphandle lwemitha. Isakhelo sentloko esiqinileyo siqhotyoshelwe kukhakhayi ukugcina intloko ithe cwaka ngexesha lonyango lwemitha. Umatshini ujolise kwimitha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tumor, ebangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisondeleyo ezikufutshane. Idosi epheleleyo yemitha yohlulwe yaziidosi ezincinci ezinikezwe kwiintsuku ezininzi. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yinyango ye-stereotactic yangaphandle ye-radiation kunye nonyango lwe-stereotaxic radiation.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.

Ukunyanga ngemitha kwingqondo kunokuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwabantwana abancinci. Ngesi sizathu, ulingo lweklinikhi lufunda ngeendlela ezintsha zokunika imitha enokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kuneendlela eziqhelekileyo.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumbu e-embryonal tumors.

Ngenxa yokuba unyango lwe-radiation lunokuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwengqondo kubantwana abancinci, ngakumbi abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu okanye engaphantsi, ichemotherapy inokunikwa ukulibazisa okanye ukunciphisa isidingo sonyango lwemitha.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa i-chemotherapy ibekwa ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, iziyobisi zichaphazela kakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Umdibaniso wekhemotherapy yonyango olusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwesiyobisi esinye somhlaza. Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Amachiza e-anticancer efumaneka rhoqo enikezelwa ngomlomo okanye emthanjeni ukunyanga inkqubo ye-tumors esembindini ayinakuwela isithintelo segazi-ngengqondo kwaye ingene kulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Endaweni yoko, iyeza elinika umhlaza lifakwa kwisithuba esigcwele ulwelo ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zisasazeke apho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-intrathecal okanye i-intraventricular chemotherapy.

Unyango lwe-chemotherapy. Amachiza e-anticancer afakwe kwisithuba se-intrathecal, esi sithuba esigcina i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Zimbini iindlela zokwenza oku. Enye indlela, eboniswe kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzobo, kukujova amachiza kwindawo yokugcina izilwanyana i-Ommaya (isikhongozeli esimile okomgangatho obekwe phantsi kwentloko entloko ngexesha lotyando; ibamba amachiza njengoko ehamba ngombhobho omncinci esiya kwingqondo ). Enye indlela, eboniswe kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzobo, kukujova amachiza ngqo kwi-CSF kwinxalenye esezantsi yomqolo womqolo, emva kokuba indawo encinci kumqolo ongezantsi ifakwe amanxeba.

I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-chemotherapy anikezelwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iiseli ezisempilweni, kubandakanya iiseli ezenza igazi, nazo ziyatshatyalaliswa lunyango lomhlaza. Ukufakelwa kweseli kwistem kunyango endaweni yeeseli ezenza igazi. Iiseli zeziqu (iiseli zegazi ezingafakwanga) ziyasuswa egazini okanye kumongo wethambo wesigulana okanye somnikeli kwaye zibandisiwe kwaye zigcinwe. Emva kokuba isiguli sigqibe i-chemotherapy, iiseli ezigciniweyo ezigciniweyo ziyanyibilika kwaye zibuyiselwe kwisigulana ngokufakwa. Ezi seli ze-stem ziphinde zafakwa zikhula ziye (kwaye zibuyisele) iiseli zegazi lomzimba.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luhlobo lonyango olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ukuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lubangela ukwenzakala okuncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunonyango lwechemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha.

I-inhibitors yokuhambisa umqondiso luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-medulloblastoma ephindaphindayo. Ukutshintshwa kwesiginali inhibitors kuthintela imiqondiso edluliswayo ukusuka kwenye iamolekyuli ukuya kwenye ngaphakathi kweseli. Ukuthintela le miqondiso kunokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. IVismodegib luhlobo lwesiginali yokuhambisa inhibitor.

Unyango ekujolise kulo luyafundwa kunyango lwe-CNS ye-embryonal tumors ye-embryonal ebuye yabuya (buyela).

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. (Jonga icandelo leNgcaciso ngokuBanzi malunga noluhlu lweemvavanyo.) Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba kukuphinda kwenziwe isiteji.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo zokucinga ziya kuqhubeka zisenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba ithumba lobuchopho liphinde labuya (buyela). Ukuba iimvavanyo zokucinga zibonisa izicubu ezingaqhelekanga kwingqondo, i-biopsy inokwenziwa kwakhona ukufumanisa ukuba izihlunu zenziwe ngeeseli zethumba ezifileyo okanye ukuba iiseli zomhlaza ezintsha ziyakhula. Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Ukhetho kunyango lweNkqubo yaBantwana ePhakamileyo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors kunye nePineoblastoma yobuntwana

Kweli Candelo

• Ukuchongwa kweMedulloblastoma yaBantwana

• Ukuchongwa okutsha koBuntwana i-Nonmedulloblastoma Embryonal Tumors

• Ukutsha okuchongiweyo ukuBumba komntwana isisu esineeRosette ezininzi okanye iMedulloepithelioma

• Ukuchongwa kwePineoblastoma yabantwana

• Ukuphinda-phinda ubuntwana boMbindi weNkqubo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors kunye nePineoblastomas

Ngolwazi malunga nonyango oludweliswe ngezantsi, jonga kwiCandelo loKhetho ngokujonga uKhetho.

Ukuchongwa kweMedulloblastoma yaBantwana

Kwi-medulloblastoma yobuntwana esandula ukufunyanwa, ithumba ngokwalo alikanyangwa. Umntwana usenokuba ufumene iziyobisi okanye unyango ukukhupha iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba.

Abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 nge-medulloblastoma yomngcipheko ophakathi

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-medulloblastoma yomngcipheko kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kulandelwa lonyango lwemitha kwingqondo nakwimithambo yomqolo. I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwakhona ngexesha nasemva konyango lwemitha.

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba, unyango ngemitha, kunye nonyango lweedosi ephezulu kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

Abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 abanomngcipheko ophezulu we-medulloblastoma

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-medulloblastoma yomngcipheko kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kulandelwa yidosi enkulu yonyango lwemitha kwingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kunedosi enikezelwe kumngcipheko we-medulloblastoma. I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwakhona ngexesha nasemva konyango lwemitha.

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba, unyango ngemitha, kunye nonyango lweedosi ephezulu kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwendibaniselwano entsha yonyango lwemitha kunye nonyango ngamayeza.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi

Unyango olusezantsi lwe-medulloblastoma kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi yile:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kulandele ikhemotherapy.

Olunye unyango olunokuthi lunikezwe emva kotyando lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Chemotherapy kunye okanye ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-radiation kwindawo apho isisu sisuswe khona.

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuchongwa okutsha koBuntwana i-Nonmedulloblastoma Embryonal Tumors

Kwimiba ebusandul 'ukufumanisa ukuba ngumntwana engekadlloblastoma amathumba embryonal, ithumba ngokwalo alikanyangwa. Umntwana usenokuba ufumene iziyobisi okanye unyango ukuze akhulule iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba.

Abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-nonmedulloblastoma embryonal tumors kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 yile:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kulandelwa lonyango lwemitha kwingqondo nakwimithambo yomqolo. I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwakhona ngexesha nasemva konyango lwemitha.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-nonmedulloblastoma embryonal tumors kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kulandele ikhemotherapy.

Olunye unyango olunokuthi lunikezwe emva kotyando lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation kwindawo apho lalisuswe khona ithumba.

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukutsha okuchongiweyo ukuBumba komntwana isisu esineeRosette ezininzi okanye iMedulloepithelioma

Kwisifo esandula ukufunyanwa esibelekweni somntwana esine-rosettes enee-multilayered (ETMR) okanye i-medulloepithelioma, ithumba ngokwalo alikanyangwa. Umntwana usenokuba ufumene iziyobisi okanye unyango ukuze akhulule iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba.

Abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-ETMR okanye i-medulloepithelioma kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kulandelwa lonyango lwemitha kwingqondo nakwimithambo yomqolo. I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwakhona ngexesha nasemva konyango lwemitha.

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba, unyango ngemitha, kunye nonyango lweedosi ephezulu kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwendibaniselwano entsha yonyango lwemitha kunye nonyango ngamayeza.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-ETMR okanye i-medulloepithelioma kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha lokususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kulandele ikhemotherapy.

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

• Unyango ngemitha, xa umntwana emdala.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwendibaniselwano entsha kunye neeshedyuli ze-chemotherapy okanye indibaniselwano entsha ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

Unyango lwe-ETMR okanye i-medulloepithelioma kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi kuhlala kulingo lweklinikhi.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuchongwa kwePineoblastoma yabantwana

Kwi-pineoblastoma yobuntwana esandula ukufunyanwa, ithumba ngokwalo alikanyangwa. Umntwana usenokuba ufumene iziyobisi okanye unyango ukuze akhulule iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba.

Abantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwepinoblastoma kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emi-3 kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Utyando lokususa ithumba. Ithumba ngesiqhelo alinakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba liphi kwingqondo. Utyando luhlala lulandelwa lonyango lwe-radiation kwingqondo kunye nomqolo kunye ne-chemotherapy.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango lweedosi ephezulu emva konyango lwemitha kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli ye-stem.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwe-chemotherapy ngexesha lonyango lwe-radiation.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-pineoblastoma kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 nangaphantsi kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Biopsy yokufumanisa i-pineoblastoma elandelwa yi-chemotherapy.

• Ukuba ithumba liphendula kunyango lwe-chemotherapy, unyango ngemitha lunikezelwa xa umntwana sele ekhulile.

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokuhlangulwa kweseli.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuphinda-phinda ubuntwana boMbindi weNkqubo yeNervous Embryonal Tumors kunye nePineoblastomas

Unyango lwenkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) ye-embryonal tumors kunye ne-pineoblastoma ephindayo (ebuyayo) ixhomekeke:

• Uhlobo lwethumba.

• Nokuba eli thumba liphinde labuya apho laqala khona ukubakho okanye lasasazeka kwamanye amalungu engqondo, umnqonqo, okanye umzimba.

• Uhlobo lonyango olunikezwe ngaphambili.

• Lingakanani ixesha elidlulileyo ukusukela ukuba unyango lokuqala luphelile.

• Nokuba isigulana sineempawu okanye iimpawu.

Unyango lwe-CNS ebusaneni yamathumba e-embryonal kunye ne-pineoblastomas inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Kubantwana ababekade befumana unyango ngemitha kunye nonyango ngamayeza, unyango lunokubandakanya ukuphindaphinda imitha kwindawo apho umhlaza waqala khona nalapho isifo sithe sanwenela khona. Unyango lwe-stereotactic radiation kunye / okanye ichemotherapy inokusetyenziswa.

• Kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci ababekade befumana i-chemotherapy kuphela kwaye benokuphindaphindeka kwengingqi, unyango lunokuba yi-chemotherapy ngonyango lwe-radiation kwi-tumor kunye nendawo ekufutshane nayo. Ugqirha lokususa ithumba nalo linokwenziwa.

• Kwizigulana ebekade zifumana unyango ngemitha, i-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye ne-stem cell Rescue inokusetyenziswa. Ayaziwa ukuba ngaba olu nyango luphucula ubomi.

• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo ngesithinteli somqondiso wokuhambisa isigulana kwizigulana ezinomhlaza oneenguqu ezithile kwimfuza.

• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olujonga isampulu yethumba lesigulana kutshintsho oluthile kwimfuza. Uhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo oluya kunikwa isigulana luxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwemfuza.

Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwethu lweklinikhi ukufumana ulingo lweklinikhi oluxhaswayo lwekliniki olwamkela izigulana. Unokukhangela izilingo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubudala besigulana, kwaye nokuba zenziwa phi izilingo. Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga neNkqubo yaBantwana ePhakathi yeNervous Embryonal Tumors

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenkqubo ye-nervous central embryonal tumor, bona oku kulandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane zeBongo leTumor Consortium (PBTC) Phuma kwisichaso

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli