Types/brain/patient/child-brain-treatment-pdq

Ubunzima bobuntwana kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview

Ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga neBongo yoBuntwana kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Ingqondo yobuntwana okanye ithumba lomqolo wesifo sisifo apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zenza izicwili zobuchopho okanye intambo yomqolo.

• Ingqondo ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba.

• Intambo yomqolo idibanisa ingqondo kunye neethambo kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

• Ingqondo kunye ne-spinal cord tumors ziqhelekileyo kuhlobo lomhlaza wobuntwana.

• Unobangela wobuchopho obuninzi bobuntwana kunye nomqolo womqolo awaziwa.

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zobuchopho bobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors azifani kuye wonke umntwana.

• Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana (ukufumana) ubuchopho bobuntwana kunye nethumba lomqolo.

• Uninzi lwamathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni afunyaniswa kwaye asuswa kuqhaqho.

• Obunye ubuchopho bobuntwana kunye neethambo zomqolo womqolo zifunyaniswa ngovavanyo lokucinga.

• Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Ingqondo yobuntwana okanye ithumba lomqolo wesifo sisifo apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zenza izicwili zobuchopho okanye intambo yomqolo.

Zininzi iintlobo zobuchopho bobuntwana kunye nomqolo womqolo. Izidumba zenziwa kukukhula ngokungaqhelekanga kweeseli kwaye zinokuqala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho okanye intambo yomqolo.

Izidumbu zinokuba nobungozi (hayi umhlaza) okanye isifo esibi (umhlaza). Izidumbu zengqondo zeBenign ziyakhula kwaye zicinezele kwiindawo ezikufuphi zobuchopho. Banqabile ukusasazeka kwezinye izicwili. Izilonda ezinobuchopho ezinobungozi kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinwenwe nakwezinye izicwili zobuchopho. Xa ithumba likhula lingena okanye licinezela kwingingqi yengqondo, linokuyekisa loo ndawo yobuchopho ukuba isebenze ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba isebenza ngayo. Zombini izicubu zobuchopho ezinobungozi nezinobungozi zinokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu kwaye zifuna unyango.

Ngokudibeneyo, ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo yenza inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS).

Ingqondo ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba.

Ingqondo inamalungu amathathu aphambili:

• I-cerebrum lelona candelo likhulu lobuchopho. Kuphezulu kwentloko. Isithsaba silawula ukucinga, ukufunda, ukusombulula iingxaki, iimvakalelo, intetho, ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nentshukumo yokuzithandela.

• I-cerebellum ikumqolo ongezantsi kwengqondo (kufutshane embindini wentloko). Ilawula ukuhamba, ukulinganisela kunye nokuma.

• Ingcambu yengqondo idibanisa ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo. Kukweyona ndawo isezantsi yengqondo (ngaphezulu ngentla komqolo wentamo). Ingqondo ilawula ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye neethambo kunye nezihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukubona, ukuva, ukuhamba, ukuthetha, kunye nokutya.

I-anatomy yengqondo. Indawo ye-supratentorial (inxalenye ephezulu yengqondo) iqulethe i-cerebrum, i-lateral ventricle kunye ne-ventricle yesithathu (ene-cerebrospinal fluid eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-choroid plexus, ipineal gland, i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, kunye ne-optic nerve. Indawo yangasemva ye-fossa / indawo engafakwanga amandla (icandelo elisezantsi lengqondo) liqukethe i-cerebellum, i-tectum, i-ventricle yesine, kunye nengqondo yengqondo (i-midbrain, iipon, kunye ne-medulla). I-tentorium yahlulahlula i-supratentorium kwi-infratentorium (ipaneli esekunene). Ukhakhayi kunye ne-meninges zikhusela ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo (ipaneli yasekhohlo).

Intambo yomqolo idibanisa ingqondo kunye neethambo kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

Intambo yomqolo yikholamu yeethambo zesisu ezibaleka ukusuka kwingqondo ziyehla embindini womva. Igqunywe ngamalaphu amathathu acekeceke ebizwa ngokuba ziimbrane. Ezi zinwe zijikelezwe zii-vertebrae (amathambo angasemva). Imisipha yomqolo ithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nomzimba uphela, njengomyalezo ovela kwingqondo obangela ukuba izihlunu zihambe okanye umyalezo osuka kulusu uye kwingqondo ukuze uve ukubamba.

Ingqondo kunye ne-spinal cord tumors ziqhelekileyo kuhlobo lomhlaza wobuntwana.

Nangona umhlaza unqabile ebantwaneni, ingqondo kunye nomqolo wamathumba luhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuntwana, emva kweleukemia. Izidumbu zobuchopho zinokubakho kokubini ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala. Unyango lwabantwana luhlala luhlukile kunonyango lwabantu abadala. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- kunyango lwe-Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nonyango lwabantu abadala.)

Esi sishwankathelo sichaza unyango lwengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo (amathumba aqala kwingqondo kunye nomqolo). Unyango lobuchopho be-metastatic kunye ne-spinal cord tumors ayigutyungelwanga kwesi sishwankathelo. Amathumba e-Metastatic akhiwa ziiseli zomhlaza eziqala kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye zisasazeke kwingqondo okanye kwintambo yomqolo.

Unobangela wobuchopho obuninzi bobuntwana kunye nomqolo womqolo awaziwa.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zobuchopho bobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors azifani kuye wonke umntwana.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zixhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Apho ithumba lenza khona kwingqondo okanye emqolo.

• Ubungakanani bethumba.

• Ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwethumba.

• Iminyaka yomntwana kunye nokukhula.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zisenokubangelwa yingqondo yobuntwana kunye nethambo lomqolo okanye ngezinye iimeko, kubandakanya umhlaza osasazeke waya kwingqondo. Jonga kugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

Iimpawu zeThumba leBongo kunye neMpawu

• Intloko yentsasa okanye intloko ehambayo emva kokugabha.

• Isicaphucaphu rhoqo kunye nokugabha.

• Umbono, iindlebe, kunye neengxaki zokuthetha.

• Ukuphulukana nokulingana kunye nengxaki yokuhamba.

• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye utshintsho kwinqanaba lomsebenzi.

• Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kubuntu okanye ekuziphatheni.

• Ukuxhuzula.

• Ukonyuka kubungakanani bentloko (kwiintsana).

Intambo yomqolo Iimpawu zempawu kunye neempawu

• Umqolo obuhlungu okanye iintlungu ezisasazeka ukusuka ngasemva ziye ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni.

• Utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu okanye ingxaki yokuchama.

• Ubuthathaka emilenzeni.

• Unengxaki yokuhamba.

Ukongeza kule miqondiso kunye neempawu zobuchopho kunye nomqolo wamathumba, abanye abantwana abakwazi ukufikelela kumanqanaba athile okukhula kunye nophuhliso njengokuhlala, ukuhamba nokuthetha kwizivakalisi.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana (ukufumana) ubuchopho bobuntwana kunye nethumba lomqolo.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokusetyenziswa:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zempilo ngokubanzi, kubandakanya nokujonga iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamaqhuma okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Imbali yemikhwa yempilo yesigulana kunye nezifo zangaphambili kunye nonyango ziya kuthathwa.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Neurological: Uthotho lwemibuzo kunye novavanyo lokujonga ubuchopho, intambo yomqolo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. Uvavanyo lujonga imeko yomntu ngokwengqondo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye namandla okuhamba ngesiqhelo, kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo izihlunu, imizwa kunye nengqondo. Oku kunokubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-neuro okanye uvavanyo lwe-neurologic.

• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) enegadolinium: Inkqubo esebenzisa umazibuthe, amaza erediyo kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium itofelwe emthanjeni. I-gadolinium iqokelela malunga neeseli zomhlaza ukuze zibonakale zikhanya emfanekisweni. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yenyukliya yokujonga umfanekiso (i-NMRI).

• Uvavanyo lwe-serum tumor marker: Inkqubo apho kuvavanywa khona isampulu yegazi ukulinganisa izixa zezinto ezithile ezikhutshelwe egazini ngamalungu, izicwili, okanye iiseli zethumba emzimbeni. Izinto ezithile zinxulunyaniswa neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza xa zifunyenwe kumanqanaba anyukayo egazini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuphawula amathumba.

Uninzi lwamathumba obuchopho ebuntwaneni afunyaniswa kwaye asuswa kuqhaqho.

Ukuba oogqirha bacinga ukuba kunokubakho ithumba ebuchotsheni, kungenziwa i-biopsy ukususa isampulu yethishu. Kwiithumba ebuchotsheni, i-biopsy yenziwa ngokususa inxenye yokakayi kunye nokusebenzisa inaliti ukususa isampulu yethishu. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga izicwili phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zifunyenwe, ugqirha unokususa i-tumor eninzi ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lotyando olufanayo. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga iiseli zomhlaza ukufumanisa uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lethumba ebuchotsheni. Inqanaba lethumba lisekwe kwindlela engaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli zomhlaza ezijongeka phantsi kwemicroscope kunye nokuba ikhawuleze njani ukuba ikhule ize isasazeke.

I-Craniotomy: Kuvulwa ukakayi kwaye kususwe iqhekeza lekhakhayi ukubonisa indawo yengqondo.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa kwisampulu yethishu esusiweyo:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukukhangela ii-antigen ezithile (iimpawu) kwisampulu yesicwili somguli. Amachiza omzimba ahlala enxulunyaniswa ne-enzyme okanye idayi ye-fluorescent. Emva kokuba ii-antibodies zibophelela kwi-antigen ethile kwisampulu yethishu, i-enzyme okanye idayi iyasebenza, kwaye i-antigen iya kuthi emva koko ibonwe phantsi kwemicroscope. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo somhlaza kunye nokunceda uxelele olunye uhlobo lomhlaza kolunye uhlobo lomhlaza.

Obunye ubuchopho bobuntwana kunye neethambo zomqolo womqolo zifunyaniswa ngovavanyo lokucinga.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy okanye utyando alunakwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngenxa yokuba apho ithumba lenzeke kwingqondo okanye kwintambo yomqolo. Ezi tumors zichongiwe ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokucinga kunye nezinye iinkqubo.

Izinto ezithile zichaphazela isifo (ithuba lokuchacha kwakhona).

Ukuxela kwangaphambili (ithuba lokuchacha) kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Nokuba zikhona iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kotyando.

• Uhlobo lwethumba.

• Apho ithumba likhona emzimbeni.

• Iminyaka yomntwana.

• Nokuba ithumba lisandula ukufumanisa ukuba likhe lafunyaniswa okanye laphinda labuya (buyela).

Ubunzima beBongo yoBuntwana kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Ebuchotsheni bobuntwana kunye nomqolo wamathumba, ukhetho lonyango lusekwe kwizinto ezininzi.

• Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa (ukufumana) ubuntwana bengqondo kunye ne-spinal cord tumors zisetyenziselwa ukumisela iqela lomngcipheko wethumba.

• Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors inokuphinda ibuye (ibuye) emva konyango.

Ebuchotsheni bobuntwana kunye nomqolo wamathumba, ukhetho lonyango lusekwe kwizinto ezininzi.

Inqanaba yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufumana ukuba ungakanani umhlaza okhoyo kwaye ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ngaphakathi kwengqondo, umnqonqo, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba. Kubalulekile ukuba ulazi inqanaba ukuze ucwangcise unyango lomhlaza.

Kwingqondo yobuntwana kunye nethumbu lomqolo, akukho nkqubo ikumgangatho oqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, icebo lonyango lomhlaza lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Uhlobo lwethumba kunye nalapho ithumba lenzeke khona kwingqondo.

• Nokuba ithumba lisanda kufunyaniswa okanye liphindaphindekile. Ingqondo esandula ukufumanisa ukuba ichaphazelekile okanye ithumba lentambo yomqolo yenye engazange inyangwe. Ingqondo ephindaphindayo yobuntwana okanye ithumba lomqolo lelinye eliye laphinda (labuya) emva kokuba liphathwe. Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye nethumbu lomqolo lingabuya endaweni enye okanye kwenye indawo yobuchopho, okanye intambo yomqolo. Ngamanye amaxesha abuyela kwelinye ilungu lomzimba. Ithumba linokubuya emva kweminyaka emininzi lunyangwe okokuqala. Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanya ne-biopsy, eyenziweyo ukufumanisa kunye nokwenza inqanaba ithumba inokwenziwa ukufumana ukuba ngaba eli thumba liphinde labuya na.

• Inqanaba lethumba. Inqanaba lethumba lisekwe kwindlela engaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli zomhlaza ezijongeka phantsi kwemicroscope kunye nokuba ikhawuleze njani ukuba ikhule ize isasazeke. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi inqanaba lethumba kwaye ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kotyando ukuze ucwangcise unyango. Inqanaba lethumba alisetyenziswanga ukucwangcisa unyango kuzo zonke iintlobo zobuchopho kunye nomqolo womqolo.

• Iqela lomngcipheko wethumba. Amaqela emingcipheko angumngcipheko ophakathi kunye nomngcipheko omncinci okanye ophantsi, ophakathi kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu. Amaqela omngcipheko asekwe kwinani lesisu esisele emva kotyando, ukusasazeka kweeseli zomhlaza ngaphakathi kwengqondo kunye nomnqonqo okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, apho ithumba lenze khona, kunye nobudala bomntwana. Iqela lomngcipheko alisetyenziswanga ukucwangcisa unyango kuzo zonke iintlobo zobuchopho kunye nomqolo womqolo.

Ulwazi oluvela kuvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa (ukufumana) ubuntwana bengqondo kunye ne-spinal cord tumors zisetyenziselwa ukumisela iqela lomngcipheko wethumba.

Emva kokuba ithumba lisuswe kuqhaqho, ezinye iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuntwana bengqondo kunye ne-spinal cord tumors ziyaphindwa ukunceda ukumisela iqela lomngcipheko we-tumor (jonga icandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi). Oku kukufumanisa ukuba lisale kangakanani ithumba emva kotyando.

Olunye uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zinokwenziwa ukufumana ukuba umhlaza usasazekile:

• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar: Inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukusuka kumqolo womqolo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubeka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabini emqolo kunye nakwi-CSF ejikeleze intambo yomqolo kunye nokususa isampulu yolwelo. Isampulu ye-CSF ihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope ngeempawu zokuba ithumba linwenwele kwi-CSF. Isampulu inokujongwa kwakhona kwixabiso leprotein kunye neswekile. Inani elingaphezulu kweprotheyini eliqhelekileyo okanye elisezantsi kunesiqhelo iswekile inokuba luphawu lwethumba. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-LP okanye impompo yomqolo. Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar kuhlala kungasetyenziswanga kwinqanaba lesisu somqolo wobuntwana.

Ukugqobhoza iLumbar. Isigulana silele endaweni egobileyo phezu kwetafile. Emva kokuba indawo encinci kumqolo ongezantsi ifakwe inaliti, inaliti yomgogodla (inaliti ende, ebhityileyo) ifakwe kwinxalenye esezantsi yomqolo womqolo ukususa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, eboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ulwelo lunokuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri kuvavanyo.

• Ukuskena amathambo: Inkqubo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza, emathanjeni. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezinto ezisasazeka ngemitha lifakwa emthanjeni kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi. Izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo ziqokelela emathanjeni anomhlaza kwaye zifunyenwe siskena.

• Umnqweno womongo wethambo kunye ne-biopsy: Ukususwa komongo wethambo, igazi, kunye nesiqwenga samathambo ngokufaka inaliti engenanto kumqolo okanye ithambo lesifuba. Ugqirha wezifo ujonga umongo wethambo, igazi kunye nethambo phantsi kwemicroscope ukukhangela iimpawu zomhlaza.

Umnqweno wethambo lomnqweno kunye ne-biopsy. Emva kokuba indawo encinci yolusu iphonyiwe, inaliti yomongo wethambo ifakwa kwithambo lesinqe somntwana. Iisampulu zegazi, ithambo, kunye nomongo wethambo ziyasuswa ukuze zihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope.

Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors inokuphinda ibuye (ibuye) emva konyango.

Ingqondo ephindaphindayo yobuntwana okanye ithumba lomqolo lelinye eliye laphinda (labuya) emva kokuba liphathwe. Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye nethumba lomqolo lingabuya endaweni enye okanye kwenye indawo yobuchopho. Ngamanye amaxesha abuyela kwelinye ilungu lomzimba. Ithumba linokubuya emva kweminyaka emininzi lunyangwe okokuqala. Uvavanyo lokuchonga kunye nokubeka esiteji kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanya i-biopsy, inokwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ithumba liphindile.

Unyango ngoKhetho lonyango

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanengqondo kunye nomqolo wesisu.

• Abantwana abanengxaki yobuchopho okanye ingqumbo yomqolo kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngezempilo abaziingcali

• Ukunyanga iingqondo zobuntwana kunye nomqolo womqolo.

• Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors kunokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe kwaye uqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

• Unyango lobuchopho bengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo onokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

• Ugqirha

• Unyango ngemitha

• Unyango ngamayeza

• Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweseli

• Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

• Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

• Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kubantwana abanengqondo kunye nomqolo wesisu.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka kubantwana abanengqondo kunye nethambo lomnqonqo. Olunye unyango lusemgangathweni (unyango olusetyenziswayo ngoku), kwaye olunye luvavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi yonyango luphononongo olwenzelwe ukunceda ukuphucula unyango lwangoku okanye ukufumana ulwazi kunyango olutsha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Xa uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango olutsha kunokuba lunyango olusemgangathweni.

Kuba umhlaza ebantwaneni unqabile, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango luvuleleke kuphela kwizigulana ezingaluqalanga unyango.

Abantwana abanengxaki yobuchopho okanye ingqumbo yomqolo kufuneka unyango lwabo lucwangciswe liqela lababoneleli ngezempilo abaziingcali kunyango lobuntwana kunye nasezilondeni zomqolo.

Unyango luya kujongwa yi-oncologist yabantwana, ugqirha ogxile ekunyangeni abantwana abanomhlaza. I-oncologist yabantwana isebenza nabanye ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo abaziingcali ekunyangeni abantwana abanezilonda zobuchopho kwaye begxile kwiindawo ezithile zamayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo:

• Ugqirha wabantwana.

• Neurosurgeon.

• Ingcali yonyango.

• Neuro-oncologist.

• Neuropathologist.

• Neuroradiologist.

• Imitha ye-oncologist.

• Ingcali yezigulana.

• Ingcali yeengqondo.

• Ophthalmologist.

• Ingcali yokuvuselela.

• Unontlalontle.

• Ingcali yomongikazi.

Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors kunokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqala ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe kwaye uqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye nethumbu lomqolo onokubangela iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqhubeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lithumba zingaqala ngaphambi kokuxilongwa. Iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibangelwa lonyango zinokuqala ngexesha okanye kanye emva konyango.

Unyango lobuchopho bengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo onokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqala ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, jonga iphepha lethu Iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango lomhlaza eziqala emva konyango kwaye ziqhubeke iinyanga okanye iminyaka zibizwa ngokuba ziziphumo ezifike kade. Iziphumo zokunyanga komhlaza zingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Iingxaki zomzimba.

• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukucinga, ukufunda, okanye inkumbulo.

• Umhlaza wesibini (iintlobo ezintsha zomhlaza).

Ezinye iziphumo ezinokufika emva kwexesha zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe noogqirha bomntwana wakho malunga nefuthe unyango lomhlaza olunokuba nalo emntwaneni wakho. (Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga neZiphumo eziMva zaNyango zoMhlaza woMntwana ngolwazi oluthe kratya).

Zintathu iintlobo zonyango olusetyenziswayo:

Ugqirha

Utyando lunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokunyanga ubuntwana bengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo. Jonga icandelo loLwazi ngokubanzi kwesi sishwankathelo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa amandla e-x-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzigcina zikhula. Zimbini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusebenzisa umatshini ngaphandle komzimba ukuthumela imitha kumhlaza.

• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha lusebenzisa into enemitha ye-radio etywinwe kwiinaliti, iimbewu, iingcingo, okanye iicatheters ezibekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nomhlaza.

Indlela unyango lwe-radiation olunikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ophathwayo. Unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingqondo zobuntwana kunye nezilonda zomqolo.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy yonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, nokuba zibulale iiseli okanye uziyekise ekwahlukaneni. Xa i-chemotherapy ithathwa ngomlomo okanye ifakwe kwi-vein okanye kwimisipha, amachiza angena kwigazi kwaye anokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (systemic chemotherapy). Xa ichemotherapy ibekwe ngqo kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, ilungu, okanye indawo yomzimba efana nesisu, amachiza ikakhulu achaphazela iiseli zomhlaza kwezo ndawo (chemotherapy yengingqi). Indlela i-chemotherapy enikezelwa ngayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ophathwayo.

Amachiza e-anticancer anikezwe ngomlomo okanye emthanjeni ukunyanga iingqondo kunye nomqolo wentambo yomqolo ayinakuwela isithintelo segazi-lobuchopho kwaye ingene kulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Endaweni yoko, iyeza elichaphazela umhlaza lifakwa kwisithuba esigcwele ulwelo ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza apho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-intrathecal chemotherapy.

Iindidi ezintsha zonyango ziyavavanywa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Eli candelo lesishwankathelo lichaza unyango olufundwayo kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isenokungakhankanyi lonke unyango olutsha olufundwayo. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi luyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeNCI.

I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweseli

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-chemotherapy anikezelwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Iiseli ezisempilweni, kubandakanya iiseli ezenza igazi, nazo ziyatshatyalaliswa lunyango lomhlaza. Ukufakelwa kweseli kwistem kunyango endaweni yeeseli ezenza igazi. Iiseli zeziqu (iiseli zegazi ezingafakwanga) ziyasuswa egazini okanye kumongo wethambo wesigulana okanye somnikeli kwaye zibandisiwe kwaye zigcinwe. Emva kokuba isiguli sigqibe i-chemotherapy, iiseli ezigciniweyo ezigciniweyo ziyanyibilika kwaye zibuyiselwe kwisigulana ngokufakwa. Ezi seli ze-stem ziphinde zafakwa zikhula ziye (kwaye zibuyisele) iiseli zegazi lomzimba.

Izigulana zinokufuna ukucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Kwezinye izigulana, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolona khetho lonyango lufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyinxalenye yenkqubo yophando ngomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwezonyango luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lonyango oluqhelekileyo lwanamhlanje lomhlaza lusekwe kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lwangaphambili. Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zingafumana unyango olusemgangathweni okanye zibe phakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana unyango olutsha.

Izigulana ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi zikwanceda ukuphucula indlela umhlaza oza kunyangwa ngayo kwixa elizayo. Nokuba uvavanyo lwezonyango alukhokeleli kunyango olusebenzayo, bahlala bephendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye bancedisa ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Izigulana zinokungena kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuqala unyango lomhlaza.

Olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango lubandakanya kuphela izigulana ezingekafumani unyango. Olunye uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunyango kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ongakhange ubengcono. Kukwakho nezilingo zeklinikhi ezivavanya iindlela ezintsha zokumisa umhlaza ekubuyeleni (ekubuyeni) okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluxhaswe yi-NCI lunokufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu le-NCI. Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluxhaswa yiminye imibutho lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeClinicalTrials.gov.

Iimvavanyo zokulandelela zisenokufuneka.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezenziweyo ukufumanisa umhlaza okanye ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zinokuphindwa. Olunye uvavanyo luya kuphindwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lusebenza njani unyango. Izigqibo malunga nokuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango zinokusekwa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ziya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zingabonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho itshintshile okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuye wabuya (buyela). Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ukuhlolwa.

Unyango lwezifo zengqondo zobutsha ezisandula ukufumanisa isifo kunye nokuPhinda kwakhona

Ingqondo yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Izidumbu zobuntwana zobuntwana ziqokelelwe kwaye zanyangwa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli umhlaza owenziwe ngaphakathi nalapho ithumba laqala ukukhula kwi-CNS. Ezinye iintlobo zamathumba zahlulwe zangama-subtypes ngokusekwe kwindlela ithumba elibukeka ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope kwaye nokuba luneenguqu ezithile zofuzo. Jonga itafile yoku-1 yoluhlu lweentlobo zethumba kunye nokuqokelelwa kunye nolwazi lonyango lwezifo zengqondo ezisandula ukufunyaniswa kunye nokuphindaphindeka kobuntwana.

Unyango lweziTyungu eziTsha ukuChongwa kunye nokuPhinda kwaMva komntwana oMncinci

Izidumba zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeseli zingenza kwintambo yomqolo. Amathumba omqolo womgangatho ophantsi ahlala asasazeka. Amathumba omthambo womgangatho ophakamileyo aphezulu anokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo kwintambo yomqolo okanye kwingqondo. Jonga ezi zishwankathelo zilandelayo ze- ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokubeka kunye nokunyanga amathumba omqolo womqolo osandula ukufunyanwa kunye nokuphindaphindeka:

• Unyango lweAstrocytomas yoBuntwana

• Unyango lweNkqubo yoBuntwana ePhakathi yeNyango

• Unyango lwe-Ependymoma yobuntwana

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga neBongo yaBantwana kunye ne-Spinal Cord Tumors

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nengqondo yobuntwana kunye nethumbu lomqolo, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane zeBongo leTumor Consortium (PBTC) Phuma kwisichaso

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lomhlaza wabantwana kunye nezinye izixhobo zomhlaza ngokubanzi, jonga oku kulandelayo:

• Malunga noMhlaza

• Umhlaza wabantwana

• Unyango lokuKhangela uMhlaza waBantwanaPhuma kwiNgcazelo yokuzihlangula

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweCancer yoMntwana

• Abafikisayo kunye naBantu abaDala abaDala abanomhlaza

• Abantwana abanomhlaza: Isikhokelo sabazali

• Umhlaza kuBantwana nakwishumi elivisayo

• Ukuqokelela

• Ukujamelana noMhlaza

• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga neCancer

• Abasindileyo kunye nabaNonopheli