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I-Lasers kunyango lomhlaza

Yintoni ukukhanya kwelaser?

Igama elithi "laser" limela ukwanda kokukhanya ngokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwemitha. Ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo, njengaleyo evela kwibhalbhu yesibane, kunee-longuevels ezininzi kwaye zisasazeka macala onke. Ukukhanya kweLaser, kwelinye icala, kunebude obude obuthile. Ijolise kumqadi omxinwa kwaye yenza ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu. Lo msebe wokukhanya unokusetyenziselwa ukusika intsimbi okanye ukubumba iidayimani. Ngenxa yokuba ii-lasers zinokugxila ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezincinci, zinokusetyenziselwa umsebenzi ochanekileyo wotyando okanye ukusika izicwili (endaweni yesikali).

Yintoni unyango lwelaser, kwaye lusetyenziswa njani kunyango lomhlaza?

Unyango lweLaser lusebenzisa ukukhanya okuphezulu ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo. I-Lasers ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukutshabalalisa izicubu okanye ukukhula kwangaphambili. I-Lasers zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ii-cancer ezingaphezulu (zomhlaza ebusweni bomzimba okanye ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi) ezinje ngomhlaza wesikhumba somzimba kunye namanqanaba okuqala omhlaza, anjengomlomo wesibeleko, ipenile, ubufazi, ubukrwada, kunye umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci.

I-Lasers nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulula iimpawu ezithile zomhlaza, njengokuphuma kwegazi okanye ukuphazamiseka. Umzekelo, ii-lasers zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukutshabalalisa ithumba ethintela i-trachea yesigulana (i-windpipe) okanye i-esophagus. I-Lasers nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukususa i-colon polyps okanye i-tumors ezithintela ikholoni okanye isisu.

Unyango lwe-Laser lungasetyenziswa lodwa, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ludityaniswa nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngotyando, ichemotherapy, okanye unyango ngemitha. Ukongeza, i-lasers inokutywina ukuphela kwentliziyo ukunciphisa iintlungu emva kotyando kunye nokutywina imithambo ye-lymph ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa ukusasazeka kweeseli zesisu.

Unikwa njani unyango lwe-laser kumguli?

Unyango lwe-Laser luhlala lunikezelwa nge-endoscope eguqukayo (ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo esetyenziselwa ukujonga izicwili ngaphakathi komzimba). I-endoscope ifakwe kwimicu ye-optical (imicu emincinci ehambisa ukukhanya). Ingeniswa ngokuvula emzimbeni, njengomlomo, impumlo, i-anus, okanye ubufazi. Ukukhanya kweLaser emva koko kujolise ngqo ekusikeni okanye ekutshabalaliseni ithumba.

I-laser-indased thermalapy (LITT), okanye i-laser photocoagulation, ikwasebenzisa ii-lasers ukunyanga eminye imihlaza. I-LITT iyafana nonyango lomhlaza ekuthiwa yi-hyperthermia, esebenzisa ubushushu ukunciphisa amathumba ngokonakalisa okanye ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. (Olunye ulwazi malunga ne-hyperthermia luyafumaneka kwi-NCI sheet sheet Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment.) Ngexesha le-LITT, ifayibha ebonakalayo ifakwa kwithumba. Ukukhanya kweLaser kwincam yefayibha kuphakamisa ubushushu beeseli zethumba kwaye kuyonakalisa okanye kuyitshabalalise. Ngamanye amaxesha i-LITT isetyenziselwa ukuncipha amathumba esibindini.

Unyango lwe-Photodynamic (PDT) lolunye uhlobo lonyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa ii-lasers. Kwi-PDT, iyeza elithile, elibizwa ngokuba yi-photosensitizer okanye i-photosensitizing agent, lifakwe kwisigulana kwaye lifunxwe ziiseli kuwo wonke umzimba wesigulana. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, iarhente ifumaneka ikakhulu kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ukukhanya kweLaser kusetyenziselwa ukwenza iarhente kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba i-photosensitizer yenza ulusu namehlo abe nemvakalelo ekukhanyeni emva koko, abaguli bayacetyiswa ukuba baphephe ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo ngaphakathi ngelo xesha. (Olunye ulwazi malunga ne-PDT luyafumaneka kwi-NCI sheet sheet ye-Photodynamic Therapy yeCancer.)

Zeziphi iintlobo zeelaser ezisetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza?

Iindidi ezintathu zeelaser zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza: icarbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, iargon lasers, kunye neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers. Nganye kwezi inokunciphisa okanye ukutshabalalisa amathumba kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngee-endoscopes.

I-CO2 kunye neeargon lasers zinokusika umphezulu wolusu ngaphandle kokuya kwiileya ezinzulu. Ke, zinokusetyenziselwa ukususa umhlaza ongaphezulu, njengomhlaza wolusu. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-laser ye-Nd: YAG ihlala isetyenziswa nge-endoscope ukunyanga amalungu angaphakathi, anje ngesibeleko, umqala kunye nekholoni.

Nd: Ukukhanya kwe-laser ye-YAG kunokuhamba ngeefayibha ezibonakalayo kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba ngexesha le-LITT. IArgon lasers zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuba iziyobisi zisetyenziswe kwi-PDT.

Zeziphi izibonelelo zonyango lwe-laser?

I-Lasers zichanekile ngakumbi kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zoqhaqho (ii-scalpels), ke zenza umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, izigulana zihlala zineentlungu ezimbalwa, ukopha, ukudumba, kunye nokuba namabala. Ngonyango lwe-laser, imisebenzi ihlala imfutshane. Ngapha koko, unyango lwe-laser lunokwenziwa rhoqo kwizigulana ezingalaliswayo. Kuthatha ixesha elincinci ukuba izigulana ziphilise emva kotyando lwe-laser, kwaye kunqabile ukuba zifumane usulelo. Izigulana kufuneka zinxibelelane nomboneleli wazo wezempilo malunga nokuba ngaba unyango lwe-laser lufanelekile na.

Zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga ngonyango lwe-laser?

Unyango lwe-Laser lukwanemiqobo eliqela. Oogqirha kufuneka babe noqeqesho olukhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba benze unyango lwe-laser, kwaye kufuneka kulandelwe amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo. Unyango lwe-Laser lubiza kakhulu kwaye lufuna izixhobo ezinobuninzi. Ukongeza, iimpembelelo zonyango lwe-laser azinakuhlala ixesha elide, ke oogqirha kuya kufuneka baphinde unyango kwisigulana ukuze bafumane isibonelelo esipheleleyo.

Liyintoni ikamva lonyango lwe-laser?

Kwizilingo zonyango (izifundo zophando), oogqirha basebenzisa ii-lasers ukunyanga umhlaza wobuchopho kunye neprostate, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi, tsalela umnxeba i-NCI's Cancer Information Service kwi-1-800 ukuya ku-4-CANCER (1-800–482-6237) okanye undwendwele iphepha leemvavanyo zeklinikhi ze-NCI.

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