Malunga nomhlaza / unyango / iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga / umlomo-umqala / umlomo-iingxaki zobunzima-pdq

Iingxaki zomlomo zeChemotherapy kunye neNtloko / yeNkozo yeMitha yeVerio

Ulwazi Ngokubanzi Ngeengxaki Zomlomo

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Iingxaki zomlomo zixhaphakile kwizigulana ezinomhlaza, ngakumbi ezo zinomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

• Ukuthintela kunye nokulawula iingxaki zomlomo kunokukunceda uqhubeke nokunyangwa ngumhlaza kwaye ube nomgangatho wobomi obungcono.

• Izigulana ezifumana unyango ezichaphazela intloko nentamo kufuneka zikhathalelwe liqela loogqirha kunye neengcali.

Iingxaki zomlomo zixhaphakile kwizigulana ezinomhlaza, ngakumbi ezo zinomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

Iingxaki ziingxaki ezintsha zonyango ezenzeka ngexesha okanye emva kwesifo, inkqubo, okanye unyango kwaye ezenza ukubanzima ngakumbi. Iingxaki zinokuba ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesifo okanye unyango, okanye zisenokuba nezinye izizathu. Iingxaki zomlomo zichaphazela umlomo.

Izigulana ezinomhlaza zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba neengxaki zomlomo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango ngemitha ziyacotha okanye ziyeke ukukhula kweeseli ezintsha.

Olu nyango lomhlaza luyacotha okanye luyekise ukukhula kweeseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza. Iiseli eziqhelekileyo emgodini womlomo nazo zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke unyango lwe-antiticancer lungabakhulisa, nabo. Oku kunciphisa ukubanakho kwezicubu zomlomo ukuzilungisa ngokwenza iiseli ezintsha.

• Unyango ngemitha lungonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye lwaphule izicubu zomlomo, amadlala amathe, kunye nethambo.

• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation luphazamise ulungelelwaniso olusempilweni lweebhaktheriya emlonyeni.

Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya emlonyeni. Ezinye ziluncedo kwaye ezinye ziyingozi. I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation zinokubangela utshintsho kumngxunya womlomo nakwiincindi zamathe ezenza amathe. Oku kunokucaphukisa ibhalansi esempilweni yebhaktiriya. Olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela kwizilonda zomlomo, usulelo kunye nokubola kwamazinyo.

Esi sishwankathelo simalunga neengxaki zomlomo ezibangelwa yichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Ukuthintela kunye nokulawula iingxaki zomlomo kunokukunceda uqhubeke nokunyangwa ngumhlaza kwaye ube nomgangatho wobomi obungcono.

Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza onyango kufuneka ancitshiswe okanye amiswe unyango ngenxa yeengxaki zomlomo. Unonophelo ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza luqale kunye nokunyanga iingxaki kwakamsinya nje ukuba zivele zinokwenza ukuba iingxaki zomlomo zibe nzima kakhulu. Xa kukho iingxaki ezimbalwa, unyango lomhlaza lunokusebenza ngcono kwaye unokufumana ubomi obungcono.

Izigulana ezifumana unyango ezichaphazela intloko nentamo kufuneka zikhathalelwe liqela loogqirha kunye neengcali.

Ukulawula iingxaki zomlomo, i-oncologist iya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nodokotela wamazinyo kwaye ingakuthumela kwabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo ngoqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ezi ngcali zilandelayo:

• Umongikazi weOncology.

• Iingcali zamazinyo.

• Isidlo.

• Ingcali yokuthetha.

• Unontlalontle.

Iinjongo zokhathalelo lomlomo nolwamazinyo zahlukile ngaphambili, ngexesha, nasemva konyango lomhlaza:

• Phambi konyango lomhlaza, injongo kukulungiselela unyango lomhlaza ngokunyanga iingxaki zomlomo ezikhoyo.

• Ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, iinjongo kukuthintela iingxaki zomlomo kunye nokulawula iingxaki ezenzekayo.

• Emva konyango lomhlaza, iinjongo kukugcina amazinyo kunye neentsini zisempilweni kwaye zilawule naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide zomhlaza kunye nonyango lwayo.

Ezona ngxaki zomlomo zixhaphakileyo kunyango lomhlaza zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Oral mucositis (inwebu yangaphakathi ebusayo emlonyeni).

• Usulelo.

• Iingxaki zedlala yesalivary.

• Guqula incasa.

• Intlungu.

Ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki ezinjengokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokungondleki.

Iingxaki zomlomo kunye noonobangela bazo

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Unyango lomhlaza lunokubangela iingxaki zomlomo nomqala.

• Iingxaki zekhemotherapy

• Iingxaki zonyango lwemitha

• Iingxaki ezibangelwa yichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha

• Iingxaki zomlomo zinokubangelwa lonyango ngokwalo (ngqo) okanye ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango (ngokungathanga ngqo).

• Iingxaki zinokuba nzima (ixesha elifutshane) okanye ezingapheliyo (ezihlala ixesha elide).

Unyango lomhlaza lunokubangela iingxaki zomlomo nomqala.

Iingxaki zekhemotherapy

Iingxaki zomlomo ezibangelwa yichemotherapy zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukudumba kunye nezilonda kwiinwebu zesisu okanye amathumbu.

• Ukopha ngokulula emlonyeni.

• Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Iingxaki zonyango lwemitha

Iingxaki zomlomo ezibangelwa lonyango lwe-radiation entloko nasentanyeni zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Fibrosis (ukukhula kwethishu enemicu) kwi-mucous membrane emlonyeni.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo kunye nesifo seentsini.

• Ukonakala kwezihlunu kwindawo efumana imitha.

• Ukonakala kwethambo kwindawo efumana imitha.

• I-Fibrosis yemisipha kwindawo efumana imitha.

Iingxaki ezibangelwa yichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha

Ezona ngxaki zomlomo zixhaphakileyo zinokubangelwa yi-chemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Iinwebu ezivuthayo emlonyeni.

• Usulelo emlonyeni okanye oluhamba ngegazi. Ezi zinokufikelela kwaye zichaphazele iiseli kuwo wonke umzimba.

• Ngcamla utshintsho.

• Umlomo owomileyo.

• Intlungu.

• Utshintsho ekukhuleni kwamazinyo kunye nokukhula kwabantwana.

• Ukungondleki (ukungafumani ngokwaneleyo kwezakhamzimba umzimba kufuneka uphile) kubangelwa kukungakwazi ukutya.

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (ukungafumani isixa samanzi umzimba kufuneka uphile) kubangelwa kukungakwazi ukusela.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo kunye nesifo seentsini.

Iingxaki zomlomo zinokubangelwa lonyango ngokwalo (ngqo) okanye ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango (ngokungathanga ngqo).

Unyango ngemitha lungonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo izicubu zomlomo, amadlala amathe, kunye nethambo. Iindawo ezinyangiweyo zinokubola okanye zilahle. Imitha ye-radiation yomzimba iyonke inokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kwiincindi zamathe. Oku kunokutshintsha indlela ukutya okungcamla ngayo kwaye kubangele umlomo owomileyo.

Ukuphulukiswa kancinci kunye nosulelo ziingxaki ezingangqalanga kunyango lomhlaza. Zombini i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation zinokumisa iiseli ukuba zahlule kwaye zicothise inkqubo yokuphilisa emlonyeni. I-Chemotherapy inokunciphisa inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nokwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba (amalungu kunye neeseli ezilwa nosulelo kunye nezifo). Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana usulelo.

Iingxaki zinokuba nzima (ixesha elifutshane) okanye ezingapheliyo (ezihlala ixesha elide).

Iingxaki ezinzima zezi zenzeka ngexesha lonyango kwaye emva koko zihambe. I-Chemotherapy ihlala ibangela iingxaki ezibi eziphilisayo emva kokuphela konyango.

Iingxaki ezingapheliyo zezi eziqhubekayo okanye ezivela kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Imitha inokubangela iingxaki ezibi kodwa inokubangela nokonakala okusisigxina okukubeka emngciphekweni wobomi bomlomo. Ezi ngxaki zingapheliyo zilandelayo zinokuqhubeka emva kokuba unyango lwe-radiation entloko okanye entanyeni luphelile:

• Umlomo owomileyo.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo.

• Usulelo.

• Ngcamla utshintsho.

• Iingxaki emlonyeni nasemhlathini zibangelwa kukuphulukana nethishu kunye nethambo.

• Iingxaki emlonyeni nasemhlathini obangelwa kukukhula kwamathumba amabi kulusu nakwisihlunu.

Utyando lomlomo okanye omnye umsebenzi wamazinyo kunokubangela iingxaki kwizigulana ezifumene unyango lwemitha entloko okanye entanyeni. Qiniseka ukuba ugqirha wamazinyo uyayazi imbali yakho yezempilo kunye nonyango lomhlaza owufumeneyo.

Ukuthintela nokunyanga iingxaki zomlomo ngaphambi koNyango lweChemotherapy okanye unyango lweRadiation

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Ukufumana nokunyanga iingxaki zomlomo ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza luqale kunokuthintela iingxaki zomlomo okanye zibenze bungaphantsi.

• Ukuthintela iingxaki zomlomo kubandakanya ukutya okusempilweni, ukhathalelo lomlomo olufanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo.

• Izigulana ezifumana i-chemotherapy yedosi ephezulu, ukufakelwa kweseli, okanye unyango ngemitha kufuneka zibe nesicwangciso sokhathalelo ngomlomo ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale.

• Kubalulekile ukuba izigulana ezinomhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo ziyeke ukutshaya.

Ukufumana nokunyanga iingxaki zomlomo ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza luqale kunokuthintela iingxaki zomlomo okanye zibenze bungaphantsi.

Iingxaki ezinjengemingxunya, amazinyo aqhekekileyo, izithsaba ezikhululekileyo okanye ukugcwaliswa, kunye nesifo seentsini sinokuba mandundu okanye sibangele iingxaki ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza. Iibhaktiriya zihlala emlonyeni kwaye zingabangela usulelo xa amajoni omzimba engasebenzi kakuhle okanye xa ukubala kweeseli ezimhlophe ziphantsi. Ukuba iingxaki zamazinyo ziphathwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza luqale, kunokubakho iingxaki ezimbalwa zomlomo.

Ukuthintela iingxaki zomlomo kubandakanya ukutya okusempilweni, ukhathalelo lomlomo olufanelekileyo, kunye nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo.

Iindlela zokuthintela iingxaki zomlomo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Yitya ukutya okunezondlo. Ukutya okunempilo kunokunceda umzimba umelane noxinzelelo kunyango lomhlaza, kuncede ukugcina amandla akho, ulwe nosulelo, kwaye uphinde wakhe izicwili.

• Gcina umlomo wakho kunye namazinyo acocekile. Oku kunceda ukukhusela imingxunya, izilonda zomlomo kunye nosulelo.

• Yenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomlomo.

Ugqirha wakho wamazinyo kufuneka abe yinxalenye yeqela lokhathalelo lomhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ugqirha wamazinyo onamava okunyanga abaguli abanengxaki yomlomo kunyango lomhlaza. Ukuvavanywa kwempilo yakho yomlomo ubuncinci kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba unyango lomhlaza luqale kuhlala kunika ixesha elaneleyo lokuba umlomo uphilise ukuba ngaba kufuneka umsebenzi wamazinyo. Ugqirha wamazinyo uya kunyanga amazinyo anomngcipheko wosulelo okanye ukubola. Oku kuyakunceda ukunqanda isidingo sonyango lwamazinyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza. Ukunyamekela kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umlomo owomileyo, okuyiyo ingxaki eqhelekileyo yonyango lwe-radiation entloko okanye entanyeni.

Uvavanyo lokuthintela impilo yomlomo luya kujonga oku kulandelayo:

• Izilonda zomlomo okanye usulelo.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo.

• Isifo seentsini.

• Amazinyo okufakelwa angahambelani kakuhle.

• Iingxaki zokuhambisa umhlathi.

• Iingxaki ngamadlala amathe.

Izigulana ezifumana i-chemotherapy yedosi ephezulu, ukufakelwa kweseli, okanye unyango ngemitha kufuneka zibe nesicwangciso sokhathalelo ngomlomo ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale.

Injongo yesicwangciso sokhathalelo lomlomo kukufumana kunye nokunyanga isifo somlomo esinokubangela iingxaki ngexesha lonyango kunye nokuqhubeka nokhathalelo lomlomo ngexesha lonyango kunye nokubuyiselwa. Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zomlomo zinokwenzeka ngexesha lezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa. Amanyathelo anokuthathwa ngaphambi kwexesha ukunqanda okanye ukunciphisa indlela eziya kuba mbi ngayo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukunyamekelwa ngomlomo ngexesha lonyango lwemitha kuya kuxhomekeka kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Izidingo ezithile zesigulana.

• Idosi yemitha.

• Ilungu lomzimba liphathwe.

• Luthabatha ixesha elingakanani unyango ngemitha.

• Iingxaki ezithile ezenzekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuba izigulana ezinomhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo ziyeke ukutshaya.

Ukuqhubeka nokutshaya icuba kunokucothisa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Inokonyusa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo uphinde uphinde okanye umhlaza wesibini oza kubakho.

Ukulawula iingxaki zomlomo ngexesha nangemva kweChemotherapy okanye unyango lweRadiation

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Unonophelo lomlomo rhoqo

• Ucoceko lwamazinyo olulungileyo lunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iingxaki.

• Ukhathalelo lomlomo lwemihla ngemihla kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kubandakanya ukugcina umlomo ucocekile kunye nokuthantamisa izihlunu ezixhome umlomo.

• Umlomo womlomo

• I-Oral mucositis kukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi emlonyeni.

• Ukunyamekela i-mucositis ngexesha le-chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango kubandakanya ukucoca umlomo kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu.

• Intlungu

• Zininzi izizathu ezibangela iintlungu zomlomo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.

• Intlungu yomlomo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza inokubangelwa ngumhlaza.

• Intlungu yomlomo inokuba sisiphumo sonyango.

• Ezinye iziyobisi ezichaphazela umhlaza zingabangela iintlungu zomlomo.

• Ukugaya amazinyo kunokubangela iintlungu emazinyweni okanye kwimisipha yomhlathi.

• Ukulawula iintlungu kunceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi besigulana.

• Usulelo

• Ukulimala kwimbumba yomlomo kunye ne-immune system buthathaka kwenza kube lula ukuba usulelo lwenzeke.

• Usulelo lunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, ukungunda, okanye intsholongwane.

• Ukopha

• Ukopha kunokubakho xa iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza zenza ukuba igazi lingakwazi ukujiya.

• Uninzi lwezigulana zinokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye ne-floss ngelixa ukubala kwegazi kuphantsi.

• Umlomo owomileyo

• Umlomo owomileyo (xerostomia) wenzeka xa amadlala amathe engenzi ngokwaneleyo.

• Izilonda ze-salivary zihlala zibuyela kwimo yesiqhelo emva kokuphela kwekhemotherapy.

• Izibilini ze-salivary zingenakuphila ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba unyango lwe-radiation luphelile.

• Ukucoceka ngomlomo kunokunceda ukukhusela izilonda zomlomo, isifo seentsini, kunye nokubola kwamazinyo okubangelwa ngumlomo owomileyo.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo

• Ngcamla iinguqu

• Utshintsho kunambitha (idysguesia) ziqhelekile ngexesha lokunyanga ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwemitha.

• Ukudinwa

• Ukungondleki

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunokubangela ukungondleki.

• Inkxaso yesondlo inokubandakanya ukutya okungamanzi kunye nokondla ityhubhu.

• Umlomo kunye nokuqina komhlathi

• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Ubuhlungu ngexesha lokuginya kunye nokungakwazi ukugwinya (i-dysphagia) ziqhelekile kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva konyango.

• Ingxaki yokuginya yonyusa umngcipheko wezinye iingxaki.

• Nokuba unyango lwe-radiation luya kuchaphazela ukugwinya kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

• Iingxaki zokuginya ngamanye amaxesha ziyaphela emva konyango

• Iingxaki zokuginya zilawulwa liqela leengcali.

• I-Tissue kunye nokulahleka kwamathambo

Unonophelo lomlomo rhoqo

Ucoceko lwamazinyo olulungileyo lunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iingxaki.

Kubalulekile ukugcina ujongo olusondeleyo kwimpilo yomlomo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza. Oku kunceda ukuthintela, ukufumana, kunye nokunyanga iingxaki ngokukhawuleza. Ukugcina umlomo, amazinyo kunye neentsini zicocekile ngexesha nasemva konyango lomhlaza kunokunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki ezinje ngemithambo, izilonda zomlomo kunye nosulelo.

Ukhathalelo lomlomo lwemihla ngemihla kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kubandakanya ukugcina umlomo ucocekile kunye nokuthantamisa izihlunu ezixhome umlomo.

Unonophelo lomlomo lwemihla ngemihla ngexesha lokunyanga ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwemitha kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Ukuxubha amazinyo

• Bhrasha amazinyo kunye neentsini ngebrashi ethambileyo-2 amaxesha ama-3 ngosuku kangangemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba indawo apho amazinyo ahlangana khona neentsini kwaye uhlambe rhoqo.

• Yipule ibrashi yamazinyo emanzini ashushu rhoqo kwimizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ukuthambisa i-bristles, ukuba iyafuneka.

• Sebenzisa ibrashi yegwebu kuphela ukuba ibrashi ethambileyo ayinakusetyenziswa. Gxobhoza izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngosuku kwaye usebenzise iarse ye-antibacterial. Hlamba rhoqo.

• Vumela ibrashi yamazinyo ukuba yomile phakathi kwebrashi.

• Sebenzisa intlama yamazinyo ye-fluoride enencasa emnene. Ukuvumba kungacaphukisa umlomo, ngakumbi ukunambitheka kweminti.

• Ukuba intlama yamazinyo iyacaphukisa umlomo, xubha ngomxube we 1/4 itispuni yetyuwa eyongezwe kwikomityi enye yamanzi.

Ukucoca

• Sebenzisa into yokuhlanjululwa qho emva kweeyure ezi-2 ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka emlonyeni. Dissolve 1/4 ithisipuni yetyuwa kunye ne-1/4 ithisipuni yesoda yokubhaka kwilitha enye yamanzi.

• I-rinse ye-antibacterial ingasetyenziswa amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngemini yesifo seentsini. Yipule imizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemi-2.

• Ukuba kukho umlomo owomileyo, ukuhlamba akunakwanela ukucoca amazinyo emva kwesidlo. Ukuxubha kunye nokufaka iflossing kungafuneka.

Ukuhamba

Floss ngobunono kanye ngemini.

Ukhathalelo lomlomo

Sebenzisa iimveliso zokhathalelo lomlomo, ezinje ngekhrimu kunye ne-lanolin, ukuthintela ukomisa kunye nokuqhekeka.

Ukunyamekela amazinyo

• Bhrasha uhlambe amazinyo emboleko yonke imihla. Sebenzisa ibrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo okanye eyenzelwe ukucoca amazinyo okufakela.

• Coca ngesicoci samazinyo esinconyelwe ngugqirha wakho wamazinyo.

• Gcina amazinyo emboleko manzi xa ungagqitywanga. Zibeke emanzini okanye kwisisombululo sokufaka amazinyo emboleko esinconyelwe ngugqirha wakho wamazinyo. Sukusebenzisa amanzi ashushu, anokubangela ukuba amazinyo okufakelwa alahleke.

Ukunyamekela ngomlomo ngexesha le-chemotherapy ephezulu kunye nokufakelwa kweseli, jonga ukulawulwa kweengxaki zomlomo ze-High-Dose Chemotherapy kunye / okanye icandelo lokuTshintshiselwa kweSeli yesiTshwankathelo.

Umlomo womlomo

I-Oral mucositis kukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi emlonyeni.

Amagama athi "i-mucositis yomlomo" kunye ne "stomatitis" zihlala zisetyenziswa endaweni yomnye nomnye, kodwa zahlukile.

• I-Oral mucositis kukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi emlonyeni. Ihlala ibonakala ibomvu, izilonda ezitshayo okanye njengezilonda ezinjengezilonda emlonyeni.

• I-Stomatitis kukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi kunye nezinye izicubu emlonyeni. Oku kubandakanya iintsini, ulwimi, uphahla kunye nomgangatho womlomo, nangaphakathi kwemilebe nezidlele.

I-Mucositis inokubangelwa lonyango okanye ngemichiza.

• I-Mucositis ebangelwa yi-chemotherapy iya kuziphilisa ngokwayo, ihlala iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ukuba akukho sulelo.

• I-Mucositis ebangelwa lonyango lwe-radiation ihlala ihlala iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8, kuxhomekeke ekubeni lude kangakanani unyango.

• Kwizigulana ezifumana i-chemotherapy yedosi ephezulu okanye i-chemoradiation yokufakwa kwe-stem cell: I-Mucositis ihlala iqala kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kokuba unyango luqale, kwaye ihlala iiveki ezimbini emva kokuba unyango luphelile.

Ukuqubha ii-ice chips emlonyeni kangangemizuzu engama-30, ukuqala kwimizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuba izigulana zifumane ifluorouracil, kunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-mucositis. Izigulana ezifumana i-chemotherapy yedosi ephezulu kunye nokufakelwa kweseli ye-stem zinokunikwa amayeza okunceda ukuthintela i-mucositis okanye ukuyigcina ihlala ixesha elide.

I-mucositis inokubangela ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• Intlungu.

• Usulelo.

• Ukopha, kwizigulana ezifumana ichemotherapy. Izigulana ezifumana unyango ngemitha zihlala zingenalo ukopha.

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla kunye nokutya.

Ukunyamekela i-mucositis ngexesha le-chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango kubandakanya ukucoca umlomo kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu.

Unyango lwe-mucositis olubangelwa lunyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy lufana ngokufanayo. Unyango luxhomekeke kubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nokuba lukhulu kangakanani i-mucositis. Ezi zilandelayo zindlela zokunyanga i-mucositis ngexesha le-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa kweseli, okanye unyango lweradiation

Ukucoca umlomo

• Coca amazinyo nomlomo rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-4 nangexesha lokulala. Yenza oku rhoqo ukuba i-mucositis iya isiba mandundu.

• Sebenzisa ibrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo.

• Faka ibrashi yakho yamazinyo rhoqo.

• Sebenzisa i-jelly yokuthambisa enyibilikayo emanzini, ukunceda ukugcina umlomo wakho ufumile.

• Sebenzisa iarinses encinci okanye amanzi acocekileyo. Ukuhlanjwa rhoqo kususa iziqwenga zokutya kunye neebhaktiriya emlonyeni, kuthintela ukuqhuma kwezilonda, kwaye kuthambisa kwaye kuthomalalise iintsini kunye nomngxunya womlomo.

• Ukuba izilonda zomlomo ziqala ukukrala ngaphezulu, kunokusetyenziswa okulandelayo:

• Iipesenti ezintathu zehydrogen peroxide exutywe nenani elilinganayo lamanzi okanye amanzi etyuwa. Ukwenza umxube wamanzi anetyuwa, faka 1/4 itispuni yetyuwa kwikomityi enye yamanzi.

Oku akufuneki kusetyenziselwe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-2 kuba kuya kugcina i-mucositis ekuphiliseni.

Ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-mucositis

• Zama amayeza asentloko ukuze ufumane iintlungu. Hlamba umlomo wakho ngaphambi kokuba ubeke iyeza kwiintsini okanye kwilayini yomlomo. Sula umlomo kunye namazinyo ngobunono ngegauze emanzi efakwe emanzini anetyuwa ukususa iziqwenga zokutya.

• Iipilisi zentlungu zinokunceda xa amayeza ezihloko engasebenzi. Iziyobisi ezichasayo (i-NSAIDS, ii-aspirin-type painkillers) akufuneki zisetyenziswe zizigulana ezifumana ichemotherapy kuba zonyusa umngcipheko wokopha.

• Izongezo ze-Zinc ezithathiweyo ngexesha lonyango lwe-radiation zinokunceda ukunyanga iintlungu ezibangelwa yi-mucositis kunye ne-dermatitis (ukudumba kolusu).

• I-Povidone-iodine mouthwash engenayo utywala inokunceda ukulibazisa okanye ukunciphisa i-mucositis ebangelwa yonyango lwe-radiation.

Jonga icandelo leNtlungu lesi sishwankathelo ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nolawulo lweentlungu.

Intlungu

Zininzi izizathu ezibangela iintlungu zomlomo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.

Intlungu yesigulana somhlaza inokuvela kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Umhlaza.

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza.

• Ezinye iimeko zonyango ezingahambelani nomhlaza.

Kuba zinokubakho izizathu ezininzi zentlungu yomlomo, ukuxilongwa ngononophelo kubalulekile. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Imbali yezonyango.

• Uvavanyo lomzimba nolwamazinyo.

• X-reyi zamazinyo.

Intlungu yomlomo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza inokubangelwa ngumhlaza.

Umhlaza unokubangela iintlungu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ithumba licinezela kwiindawo ezikufuphi njengoko likhula kwaye lichaphazela imithambo-luvo kwaye libangele ukudumba.

• Ii-leukemi kunye nee-lymphomas, ezisasazeka emzimbeni kwaye zinokuchaphazela indawo ezibuthathaka emlonyeni. I-myeloma eninzi inokuchaphazela amazinyo.

• Izidumbu zobuchopho zinokubangela iintloko.

• Umhlaza unokusasazeka uye entloko nasentanyeni usuka kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye ubangele iintlungu zomlomo.

• Ngeminye imihlaza, iintlungu zinokuviwa kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba ezingekho kufutshane nomhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yintlungu ekubhekiswa kuyo. Ukudumba kwempumlo, umqala, kunye nemiphunga kunokubangela iintlungu ekubhekiswe kuzo emlonyeni okanye emhlathini.

Intlungu yomlomo inokuba sisiphumo sonyango.

I-mucositis yomlomo yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kunyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ubuhlungu kwiimbumba ezinamaqhekeza zihlala ziqhubeka okwexeshana nasemva kokuphola kwe-mucositis.

Utyando lunokonakalisa ithambo, imithambo-luvo, okanye izicwili kwaye kunokubangela iintlungu. I-Bisphosphonates, iziyobisi ezithathiweyo ukunyanga iintlungu zethambo, ngamanye amaxesha zibangela ukuba amathambo aqhekeke. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu emva kwenkqubo yamazinyo njengokutsalwa kwezinyo. (Jonga iiNgxaki zomlomo ezingahambelani neChemotherapy okanye iCandelo leNyango yeMitha yesisishwankathelo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.)

Izigulana ezinotshintsho zinokuphuhlisa isifo se-graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Oku kunokubangela ukudumba kwenwebu yangaphakathi kunye neentlungu ezidibeneyo. (Jonga ukuLawulwa kweNgcaciso yomlomo ye-High-Dose Chemotherapy kunye / okanye icandelo lokuTshintshiselwa kweSeli eliStem kwesi sishwankathelo ngolwazi oluthe kratya).

Ezinye iziyobisi ezichaphazela umhlaza zingabangela iintlungu zomlomo.

Ukuba iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza zibangela iintlungu, ukumisa iyeza kuhlala kumisa iintlungu. Kuba zinokubakho izizathu ezininzi zentlungu yomlomo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, ukuxilongwa ngononophelo kubalulekile. Oku kunokubandakanya imbali yezonyango, iimviwo zomzimba nezamazinyo, kunye ne-x-ray yamazinyo.

Abanye abaguli banokuba namazinyo abuthathaka iiveki okanye iinyanga emva kokuba ichemotherapy iphelile. Unyango lwe-fluoride okanye intlama yamazinyo kumazinyo abuthathaka kunokunciphisa ukungakhululeki.

Ukugaya amazinyo kunokubangela iintlungu emazinyweni okanye kwimisipha yomhlathi.

Ubuhlungu emazinyweni okanye kwimisipha yomhlathi kunokwenzeka kwizigulana ezitshixayo amazinyo okanye ezinamathele emihlathini, rhoqo ngenxa yoxinzelelo okanye ukungakwazi ukulala. Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuphumla kwezihlunu, iziyobisi ukunyanga uxinzelelo, unyango lomzimba (ukufudumeza okufumileyo, ukuphulula, kunye nokuzolula), kunye nonogada bomlomo abanxiba xa belele.

Ukulawula iintlungu kunceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi besigulana.

Intlungu yomlomo kunye nobuso inokuchaphazela ukutya, ukuthetha, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibandakanya intloko, intamo, umlomo kunye nomqala. Uninzi lwezigulana ezinomhlaza wentloko nentamo zineentlungu. Ugqirha unokucela isigulana ukuba silinganise iintlungu kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokulinganisa. Oku kunokuba kwisikali ukusuka kwi-0 kuye kwi-10, kwaye i-10 yeyona imbi kakhulu. Inqanaba lentlungu evakalayo lichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuba izigulana zithethe noogqirha malunga neentlungu.

Intlungu engalawulwayo inokuchaphazela zonke iindawo zobomi besigulana. Intlungu inokubangela iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye inokuthintela isiguli ekusebenzeni okanye sonwabele ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Ubuhlungu bunokunciphisa ukubuyela kumhlaza okanye kukhokelele kwiingxaki ezintsha zomzimba. Ukulawula iintlungu zomhlaza kunokunceda isigulana ukonwabela iindlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nomgangatho wobomi obungcono.

Ngentlungu yomlomo we-mucositis, unyango lwezihloko zihlala zisetyenziswa. Jonga icandelo le-Oral Mucositis yesisishwankathelo ngolwazi malunga nokunciphisa iintlungu zomlomo womlomo.

Amanye amayeza entlungu asenokusetyenziswa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuye kufuneke amayeza eentlungu angaphezu kwesinye. Izihlaziyi zezihlunu kunye namayeza oxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo okanye ukuthintela ukuxhuzula kunokunceda ezinye izigulana. Ngentlungu ebukhali, i-opioids inokumiselwa.

Unyango olungasebenzisi iziyobisi lunokunceda, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ulungiso lwenyama.

• I-TENS (i-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation).

• Ukufaka isicelo sokubanda okanye ubushushu.

• Unyango.

• Unyango. (Jonga isishwankathelo se ngoNyango.)

• Ukuphazamiseka.

• Unyango lokuphumla okanye umfanekiso.

• Unyango lokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo.

• Unyango lomculo okanye lomdlalo weqonga.

• Ukucebisa.

Usulelo

Ukulimala kwimbumba yomlomo kunye ne-immune system buthathaka kwenza kube lula ukuba usulelo lwenzeke.

I-mucositis yomlomo iphula umgca womlomo, ovumela ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingene egazini. Xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka yi-chemotherapy, nokuba ibacteria esemlonyeni inokubangela usulelo. Iintsholongwane ezicholwe esibhedlele okanye kwezinye iindawo zinokubangela nosulelo.

Njengoko inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liyehla, usulelo lunokwenzeka rhoqo kwaye lube lubi kakhulu. Izigulana ezineeseli ezimhlophe ezisezantsi zegazi ixesha elide zinomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo olubi. Umlomo owomileyo, oqhelekileyo ngexesha lonyango lwe-radiation entloko nasentanyeni, unokuphakamisa umngcipheko wosulelo emlonyeni.

Ukunyamekelwa kwamazinyo okunikwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo emlonyeni, emazinyweni, okanye kwiintsini.

Usulelo lunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, ukungunda, okanye intsholongwane.

Usulelo lwebhakteria

Unyango losulelo lwebacteria kwizigulana ezinesifo seentsini kunye nokufumana idosi ephezulu yonyango ngamayeza anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa amayeza okuhlamba umlomo.

• Ukuxubha kunye nokubhabha.

• Ukunxiba amazinyo okufakela kancinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Usulelo lomngundo

Umlomo ngesiqhelo uqulethe ukungunda onokuhlala kuwo okanye kumlomo ngaphandle kokubangela iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ukugqithisa (iifungi ezininzi) emlonyeni kunokuba nzima kwaye kufuneka kunyangwe.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye neziyobisi ze-steroid zihlala zisetyenziswa xa isigulana esifumana ichemotherapy sinesibalo esisezantsi esimhlophe segazi. Ezi zi yobisi zitshintsha ibhalansi yebhaktheriya emlonyeni, okwenza kube lula ukuba ukwanda kwefungal kwenzeke. Usulelo lokungunda luxhaphake kwizigulana ezinyangwe ngonyango lwemitha. Izigulana ezifumana unyango lomhlaza zinokunikwa iziyobisi zokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lokungunda olungenzeki.

I-Candidiasis luhlobo losulelo lokungunda oluqhelekileyo kwizigulana ezifumana zombini ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya iintlungu ezivuthayo kunye notshintsho lwencasa. Unyango losulelo lomngundo kumngxunya womlomo kuphela lunokubandakanya ukuhlanjwa komlomo kunye neeloshini eziqukethe amachiza okubulala ukungunda. Kufuneka kuhlanjululwe i-antifungal rinse xa kufakwa amazinyo kunye nezixhobo zamazinyo kunye nokuhlamba umlomo. Iziyobisi zinokusetyenziselwa xa iarinses kunye ne-lozenges zingasusi isifo bosulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha iziyobisi zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela usulelo lokungunda.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Izigulana ezifumana ichemotherapy, ngakumbi ezo zinamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngotshintsho lweseli ye-stem, zinomngcipheko owandayo wosulelo lwentsholongwane. Usulelo lwe-Herpesvirus kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezingafakwanga (ezikhoyo emzimbeni kodwa ezingasebenziyo okanye ezibangela iimpawu) zinokuvela. Ukufumana nokunyanga usulelo kwangoko kubalulekile. Ukunika amayeza antiviral ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwentsholongwane.

Ukopha

Ukopha kunokubakho xa iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza zenza ukuba igazi lingakwazi ukujiya.

I-dose ephezulu ye-chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ezinokubangela inani elisezantsi kuneliqhelekileyo leeplatelets egazini. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki kwinkqubo yokuvala igazi emzimbeni. Ukopha kunokuba nobulali (amabala amancinci abomvu emilebeni, inkalakahla ethambileyo, okanye ezantsi emlonyeni) okanye kubenzima, ngakumbi kumgca weentsini nakwizilonda ezisemlonyeni. Iindawo zesifo seentsini zinokuzopha zodwa okanye xa zicatshukiswa kukutya, ukuxubha okanye ukubetha. Xa ubalo lweplatelet luphantsi kakhulu, igazi linokuvela kwiintsini.

Uninzi lwezigulana zinokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye ne-floss ngelixa ukubala kwegazi kuphantsi.

Ukuqhubeka nokhathalelo lomlomo rhoqo kuya kunceda ukuthintela usulelo olunokwenza iingxaki zokopha ngakumbi. Ugqirha wakho wamazinyo okanye ugqirha unokuchaza ukuba ulinyanga njani ukopha kwaye ugcine umlomo wakho ucocekile xa ubalo lweplatelet luphantsi.

Unyango lokuphuma kwegazi ngexesha le-chemotherapy lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Amayeza okunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye noncedo lwamahlwili kwifom.

• Iimveliso eziphambili ezigubungela zitywinwe iindawo ezophayo.

• Ukucoca ngomxube wamanzi etyuwa kunye ne-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide. (Lo mxube kufuneka ubenezihlandlo ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 zamanzi anetyuwa kune-hydrogen peroxide.) Ukwenza umxube wamanzi anetyuwa, beka i-1/4 yethispuni yetyuwa kwikomityi enye yamanzi. Oku kunceda ukucoca amanxeba emlonyeni. Yipule ngononophelo ukuze amahlwili angaphazanyiswa.

Umlomo owomileyo

Umlomo owomileyo (xerostomia) wenzeka xa amadlala amathe engenzi ngokwaneleyo.

Amathe enziwa ngamadlala amathe. Amathe ayadingeka kwincasa, ukuginya kunye nentetho. Inceda ukuthintela usulelo kunye nokubola kwamazinyo ngokucoca amazinyo kunye neentsini kunye nokuthintela i-asidi eninzi emlonyeni.

Unyango ngemitha lungonakalisa amadlala amathe kwaye lubangele ukuba benze amathe amancinci kakhulu. Ezinye iintlobo ze-chemotherapy ezisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell zinokonakalisa amadlala amathe.

Xa kungekho saliva saneleyo, umlomo uyoma kwaye ungakhululeki. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba ngumlomo owomileyo (xerostomia). Umngcipheko wokubola kwamazinyo, isifo seentsini, kunye nosulelo luyanda, kwaye umgangatho wobomi bakho uyasokola.

Iimpawu zomlomo owomileyo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ashinyeneyo, amathe anamtya.

• Ukwanda ukoma.

• Utshintsho kwintetho, ukuginya, okanye intetho.

• Imvakalelo ebuhlungu okanye evuthayo (ngakumbi elwimini).

• Ukusika okanye ukuqhekeka kwimilebe okanye kwiikona zomlomo.

• Utshintsho kumphezulu wolwimi.

• Iingxaki zokunxiba amazinyo okufakelwa.

Izilonda ze-salivary zihlala zibuyela kwimo yesiqhelo emva kokuphela kwekhemotherapy.

Umlomo owomileyo obangelwe yichemotherapy yokutshintshela iseli yesiqhelo ihlala yexeshana. Amadlala amathe ahlala efumana iinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokuphela kwekhemotherapy.

Izibilini ze-salivary zingenakuphila ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba unyango lwe-radiation luphelile.

Isixa samathe esenziwe ngamadlala amathe ahlala eqala ukwehla kwiveki e-1 emva kokuqala unyango lwe-radiation entloko okanye entanyeni. Iyaqhubeka ukwehla njengoko unyango luqhubeka. Ukuqina kangakanani ukoma kuxhomekeke kwidosi yemitha kunye nenani lamadlala amathe afumana imitha.

Amadlala esalivary anokuphola ngokuyinxenye kunyaka wokuqala emva konyango lwemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchacha kuhlala kungagqitywanga, ngakumbi ukuba amadlala amathe afumana imitha ngqo. Amadlala esalivary angafumananga i-radiation anokuqala ukwenza amathe ngakumbi ukwenza ukulahleka kwamathe kwiincindi ezonakalisiweyo.

Ukucoceka ngomlomo kunokunceda ukukhusela izilonda zomlomo, isifo seentsini, kunye nokubola kwamazinyo okubangelwa ngumlomo owomileyo.

Ukuhoywa komlomo owomileyo kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Coca umlomo kunye namazinyo amaxesha amane ngosuku.

• Floss kanye ngemini.

• Gxobhoza intlama yamazinyo ye-fluoride.

• Faka ijeli ye-fluoride kanye ngemini ngexesha lokulala, emva kokucoca amazinyo.

• Hlamba izihlandlo ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngosuku ngomxube wetyuwa kunye nesoda yokubhaka (xuba ½ itispuni yetyuwa kunye ne-½ ithisipuni yokubhaka isoda kwikomityi enye yamanzi ashushu).

• Kuphephe ukutya kunye nolwelo oluneswekile eninzi kubo.

• Sip amanzi rhoqo ukukhulula ukoma komlomo.

Ugqirha wamazinyo unokunika olu nyango lulandelayo:

• Iirinshi zokutshintsha izimbiwa emazinyweni.

• Iirinshi zokulwa usulelo emlonyeni.

• Izinto ezingena endaweni yamathe okanye amayeza anceda amadlala amathe enze amathe ngakumbi.

• Unyango lwe-fluoride ukunqanda ukubola kwamazinyo.

Ukwenza i-acupuncture kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umlomo owomileyo.

Ukubola kwamazinyo

Umlomo owomileyo kunye notshintsho kwibhalansi yebhaktiriya emlonyeni yonyusa umngcipheko wokubola kwamazinyo (imingxunya). Ukucoceka ngomlomo kunye nokunyamekela rhoqo ngugqirha wamazinyo kunokunceda ukukhusela imingxunya. Jonga icandelo loNonophelo loMlomo rhoqo kwesi sishwankathelo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngcamla iinguqu

Utshintsho kunambitha (idysguesia) ziqhelekile ngexesha lokunyanga ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Utshintsho kwimeko yokunambitha sisiphumo esichaphazeleka kwicala lokunyanga ngamayeza kunye nentloko okanye intamo kunyango. Utshintsho lokungcamla lunokubangelwa kukonakala kweencasa zomlomo, umlomo owomileyo, usulelo, okanye iingxaki zamazinyo. Ukutya kunokubonakala ngathi akunancasa okanye kungangcamlwa ngendlela abenza ngayo ngaphambi konyango lomhlaza. Imitha inokubangela utshintsho kwincasa emnandi, emuncu, ekrakra, kunye netyuwa. Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anokubangela incasa engathandekiyo.

Kwizigulana ezininzi ezifumana ichemotherapy kwaye kwezinye izigulana zifumana unyango ngemitha, incasa ibuyela kwisiqhelo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Nangona kunjalo, kwizigulana ezininzi zonyango lwemitha, utshintsho olusisigxina. Kwamanye, iincasa zeflegi zinokuphinda zibuyele kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 okanye nangaphezulu emva kokuphela konyango lwemitha. Izongezo zeZinc sulphate zinokunceda abanye abaguli ukuba baphinde babone ukungcamla kwabo.

Ukudinwa

Izigulana ezinomhlaza ezifumana idosi ephezulu yonyango okanye unyango ngemitha zihlala ziziva zidiniwe (ukunqongophala kwamandla). Oku kunokubangelwa ngumhlaza okanye unyango lwayo. Ezinye izigulana zinokuba neengxaki zokulala. Izigulana zinokuziva zidinwe kakhulu kukukhathalelwa ngomlomo rhoqo, ezinokuthi zonyuse umngcipheko wezilonda zomlomo, usulelo kunye nentlungu. (Jonga isishwankathelo se malunga nokukhathala ngolwazi oluthe kratya.)

Ukungondleki

Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunokubangela ukungondleki.

Izigulana ezinyangwa umhlaza wentloko nentamo zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokungondleki. Umhlaza ngokwawo, ukutya okungalunganga ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, kunye neengxaki ezivela kuqhaqho, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye ne-chemotherapy kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zesondlo. Izigulana zinokuphulukana nomnqweno wokutya ngenxa yesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ingxaki yokuginya, izilonda emlonyeni, okanye umlomo owomileyo. Xa ukutya kubangela ukungonwabi okanye iintlungu, umgangatho wobomi besigulana kunye nokuba sempilweni kwesondlo kuyasokola. Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda izigulana ezinomhlaza zihlangabezane neemfuno zazo zesondlo:

• Nika ukutya okutyunjiweyo, okucoliweyo, okanye okuxutyiweyo, ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo lokuhlala emlonyeni ngaphambi kokuba uginywe.

• Yitya ukutya okulula phakathi kokutya ukongeza iikhalori kunye nezakha mzimba.

• Yitya ukutya okuneekhalori ezininzi neeprotini.

• Thatha izongezo ukufumana iivithamini, iiminerali, kunye neekhalori.

Ukudibana nomcebisi ngezondlo kunokunceda ngexesha nasemva konyango.

Inkxaso yesondlo inokubandakanya ukutya okungamanzi kunye nokondla ityhubhu.

Izigulana ezininzi ziphathwe ngomhlaza wentloko kunye nentamo ezifumana unyango ngemitha kuphela ziyakwazi ukutya ukutya okuthambileyo. Njengoko unyango luqhubeka, uninzi lwezigulana luya kongeza okanye lutshintshe ikhalori ephezulu, ulwelo oluneprotheyini ephezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zesondlo. Abanye abaguli banokufuna ukufumana ulwelo ngombhobho ofakwa esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci. Phantse zonke izigulana ezifumana ichemotherapy kunye nentloko okanye intamo yonyango ngemitha ngaxeshanye ziya kufuna ukondla ngeetyhubhu ngaphakathi kweeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abaguli benza ngcono ukuba baqala oku kutya ekuqaleni konyango, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ubunzima bomzimba.

Ukutya okuqhelekileyo ngomlomo kunokuphinda kuqalise xa unyango lugqityiwe kwaye indawo efumene imitha iphilisiwe. Iqela elibandakanya intetho kunye nokuginya ugqirha linokunceda abaguli ngokubuyela kukutya okuqhelekileyo. Ukutyiswa kweetyhubhu kuyancipha njengoko ukutya ngomlomo kunyuka, kwaye kuyekiswa xa ukwazi ukufumana izondlo ezaneleyo ngomlomo. Nangona uninzi lwezigulana luza kuphinda lukwazi ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo, uninzi luya kuba neengxaki ezihlala luhleli ezinje ngotshintsho lwencasa, umlomo owomileyo, kunye nengxaki yokuginya.

Umlomo kunye nokuqina komhlathi

Unyango lwentloko yomhlaza kunye nentamo inokuchaphazela amandla okuhambisa imihlathi, umlomo, intamo kunye nolwimi. Kunokubakho iingxaki ngokuginya. Ukuqina kunokubangelwa:

• Utyando lomlomo.

• Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyango lweemitha. Ukugqithisa kweethambo ezinemicu (i-fibrosis) kulusu, inwebu yangaphakathi, izihlunu, kunye namalungu omhlathi kungenzeka emva kokuphela konyango lwemitha.

• Uxinzelelo olubangelwa ngumhlaza kunye nonyango lwayo.

Ukuqina komhlathi kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kubandakanya:

• Ukungondleki kunye nokwehla kobunzima ngenxa yokungakwazi ukutya ngesiqhelo.

• Ukuphola kancinci kunye nokuchacha kwisondlo esibi.

• Iingxaki zamazinyo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukucoca amazinyo kunye neentsini kakuhle kunye nonyango lwamazinyo.

• Izihlunu zomhlathi ezibuthathaka ngenxa yokungazisebenzisi.

• Iingxaki zemvakalelo zokuphepha ukunxibelelana nabanye ngenxa yengxaki yokuthetha nokutya.

Umngcipheko wokuba nokuqina kwemihlathi kunyango lwe-radiation unyuka ngeedosi eziphezulu zemitha kunye nonyango oluphindaphindwayo lwemitha. Ukuqina kuhlala kuqala malunga nexesha lokuphela konyango lwemitha. Inokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ihlale injalo, okanye ilunge ngakumbi iyodwa. Unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhawuleza ukugcina imeko ukuba ingambi okanye ibe sisigxina. Unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo

• Izixhobo zonyango emlonyeni.

• Unyango lweentlungu.

• Iyeza lokuphucula izihlunu.

• Ukuzivocavoca kwemihlathi.

• Iyeza lokunyanga uxinzelelo.

Ukuginya iingxaki

Ubuhlungu ngexesha lokuginya kunye nokungakwazi ukugwinya (i-dysphagia) ziqhelekile kwizigulana ezinomhlaza ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva konyango.

Iingxaki zokuginya ziqhelekile kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Iziphumo zonyango lweCancer ezinje nge-mucositis yomlomo, umlomo owomileyo, ukonakala kolusu kwimitha, usulelo, kunye ne-graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) kunokubangela iingxaki ngokuginya.

Ingxaki yokuginya yonyusa umngcipheko wezinye iingxaki.

Ezinye iingxaki zinokukhula ngenxa yokungakwazi ukugwinya kwaye ezi zinokunciphisa ngakumbi umgangatho wobomi besigulana:

• I-pneumonia kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuphefumla: Izigulana ezinengxaki yokuginya zinokufuna (ukungenisa ukutya okanye ulwelo emiphungeni) xa zizama ukutya okanye ukusela. Ukuphefumla kungakhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima, kubandakanya inyumoniya kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla.

• Isondlo esibi: Ukungakwazi ukugwinya ngokwesiqhelo kwenza kube nzima ukutya kakuhle. Ukungondleki kwenzeka xa umzimba ungazifumani zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko empilweni. Amanxeba ayaphola kwaye umzimba awunako ukulwa usulelo.

• Isidingo sokondla ngeetyhubhu: Isigulana esingakwaziyo ukuthatha ukutya okwaneleyo ngomlomo sinokutyiswa ngombhobho. Iqela lokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nesazi sokutya esibhalisiweyo singachaza izibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko wokondla ityhubhu kwizigulana ezineengxaki zokuginya.

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lweentlungu: Iiopioids ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuginya okubuhlungu kunokubangela umlomo owomileyo kunye nokuqunjelwa.

• Iingxaki ngokweemvakalelo: Ukungakwazi ukutya, ukusela, kunye nokuthetha ngesiqhelo kunokubangela uxinzelelo kunye nomnqweno wokuphepha abanye abantu.

Nokuba unyango lwe-radiation luya kuchaphazela ukugwinya kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

Oku kulandelayo kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko wokuginya iingxaki emva konyango lwemitha:

• Itotali iyonke kunye neshedyuli yonyango ngemitha. Iidosi eziphezulu ngaphezulu kwexesha elifutshane zihlala zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Indlela enikwa ngayo imitha. Ezinye iintlobo zemitha zibangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni.

• Nokuba ngaba ichemotherapy inikwa ngexesha elinye. Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga uyonyuka ukuba zombini zinikiwe.

• Ukwenziwa kwemfuza yesigulana.

• Nokuba isigulana sithatha nakuphi na ukutya ngomlomo okanye kuphela ngokondla ityhubhu.

• Nokuba isigulana siyatshaya.

• Ngaba isigulana sihlangabezana njani neengxaki.

Iingxaki zokuginya ngamanye amaxesha ziyaphela emva konyango

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahamba zingaphelanga iinyanga ezi-3 emva kokuphela konyango, kwaye izigulana ziyakwazi ukugwinya ngesiqhelo kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokubangela umonakalo osisigxina okanye iziphumo ezifike kade.

Iziphumo zokugqibela ziingxaki zempilo ezenzeka kudala emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iimeko ezinokubangela iingxaki zokugwinya ngokusisigxina okanye iziphumo zangoku zibandakanya:

• Imithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo.

• Ukutshabalalisa izicubu kwiindawo ezinyangiweyo.

• I-Lymphedema (ulwakhiwo lwe-lymph emzimbeni).

• Ukugqithisa kweethambo ezinemicu entloko okanye emqaleni, ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekuqineni komhlathi.

• Umlomo owomileyo ongapheliyo.

• Usulelo.

Iingxaki zokuginya zilawulwa liqela leengcali.

I-oncologist isebenza nezinye iingcali zononophelo lwempilo ezijolise kunyango lomhlaza wentloko kunye nentamo kunye neengxaki zomlomo zonyango lomhlaza. Ezi ngcali zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Intetho yonyango: Ingcali yezentetho inokuvavanya ukuba isigulana siginya kangakanani kwaye inike isigulana ukuginya unyango kunye nolwazi ukuze iqonde ngcono ingxaki.

• I-Dietitian: Ingcali yokutya inokunceda ukucwangcisa indlela ekhuselekileyo yokuba isigulana sifumane isondlo esifunekayo kwimpilo ngelixa siginya yingxaki.

• Ingcali yamazinyo: Faka amazinyo akhoyo endaweni eyonakeleyo yomlomo ngezixhobo zokufakelwa ukunceda ukugwinya.

• Isazi sengqondo: Kwizigulana ekunzima ukuzihlengahlengisa ekubeni zingakwazi ukugwinya kunye nokutya ngesiqhelo, iingcebiso ngengqondo zinokunceda.

I-Tissue kunye nokulahleka kwamathambo

Unyango ngemitha lunokutshabalalisa imithambo yegazi encinci ngaphakathi kwethambo. Oku kunokubulala izicubu zethambo kwaye kukhokelele ekuqhekekeni kwethambo okanye kusulelo. Imitha inokubulala nethishu emlonyeni. Izilonda zingenza, zikhule, kwaye zibangele iintlungu, ukuphulukana nemvakalelo, okanye usulelo.

Ukunyamekela kunokukwenza ukuba ukulahleka kwezicubu kunye neethambo kungabi nzima.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni ukulahleka kwethambo kunye nethambo:

• Yitya ukutya okunezondlo.

• Nxiba amazinyo emboleko asusekayo okanye izixhobo zincinci kangangoko.

• Musa ukutshaya.

• Musa ukusela utywala.

• Sebenzisa ii-antibiotics.

• Sebenzisa iipilisi zentlungu njengoko kumiselwe.

• Utyando lokususa ithambo elifileyo okanye ukwakha amathambo omlomo kunye nomhlathi.

• Unyango lweoksijini lwehyperbaric (indlela esebenzisa ioksijini phantsi koxinzelelo ukunceda ukuphilisa amanxeba).

Jonga isishwankathelo se- malunga nesondlo kukhathalelo lomhlaza ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokulawulwa kwezilonda zomlomo, umlomo owomileyo, kunye notshintsho lwencasa.

Ukulawulwa kweengxaki zomlomo ze-High-Dose Chemotherapy kunye / okanye ukuTshintshelwa kweSeli yeStem

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Izigulana ezifumana ukufakelwa zinomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo sokudlwengula.

• Izixhobo zomlomo zifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha leedosi ephezulu kunye / okanye ukufakelwa kweseli.

• Ukunyamekelwa kwamazinyo kunye neentsini kubalulekile ngexesha le-chemotherapy okanye i-stem cell transplant.

• Amayeza kunye nomkhenkce zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokunyanga i-mucositis ukusuka kufakelo lweseli ye-stem.

• Unyango lwamazinyo lunokucinywa de amajoni omzimba omzimba abuyele esiqhelweni.

Izigulana ezifumana ukufakelwa zinomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo sokudlwengula.

Isifo se-Graft-versus-host host (i-GVHD) senzeka xa izicwili zakho zisabela kumongo wethambo okanye kwiiseli ezitshisayo ezivela kumnikeli. Iimpawu ze-GVHD yomlomo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Izilonda ezibomvu kwaye zinezilonda, ezibonakala emlonyeni kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokufakelwa.

• Umlomo owomileyo.

• Ubuhlungu obuvela kwiziqholo, utywala, okanye incasa (njenge-mint kwintlama yamazinyo).

• Ukuginya iingxaki.

• Imvakalelo yokuqina kolusu okanye kwilayini yomlomo.

• Ngcamla utshintsho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ezi mpawu ziphathwe kuba zinokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo okanye ukungondleki. Unyango lwe-GVHD yomlomo inokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuhlanjwa kwezihloko, iigels, iikhrim okanye iipowder.

• Amachiza okubola athathwe ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti.

• Unyango lwe-Psoralen kunye ne-ultraviolet A (PUVA).

• Iziyobisi ezinceda amadlala amathe enze amathe ngakumbi.

• Unyango lweFluoride.

• Unyango lokutshintsha izimbiwa ezilahlekileyo emazinyweni ziiacidi emlonyeni.

Izixhobo zomlomo zifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha leedosi ephezulu kunye / okanye ukufakelwa kweseli.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda ekunyamekeleni nasekusebenziseni amazinyo okufakelwa, izihlangu zezilima, kunye nezinye izixhobo zomlomo ngexesha leedosi ephezulu yonyango okanye ukufakelwa kweeseli zesitem:

• Yiba neebakaki, iingcingo, kunye nokugcina kususwe ngaphambi kokuba i-chemotherapy ephezulu iqale.

• Nxiba amazinyo emboleko kuphela xa usitya kwiveki yesi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 zokuqala emva kokufakelwa.

• Bhrasha amazinyo kabini ngemini kwaye uwahlambe kakuhle.

• Gcoba amazinyo okufakela kwisisombululo se-antibacterial xa enganxitywanga.

• Ukucoca amazinyo okufakela okucocekileyo kunye nokutshintsha isisombululo sokufaka isisu yonke imihla.

• Susa amazinyo emboleko okanye ezinye izixhobo zomlomo xa ucoca umlomo.

• Qhubeka ukhathalelo lwakho lomlomo rhoqo amaxesha ama-3 okanye ama-4 ngosuku ngamazinyo okanye ezinye izixhobo eziphuma emlonyeni.

• Ukuba unezilonda zomlomo, kunqande ukusebenzisa izixhobo zomlomo ezisuswayo kude kuphole izilonda.

Ukunyamekelwa kwamazinyo kunye neentsini kubalulekile ngexesha le-chemotherapy okanye i-stem cell transplant.

Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wamazinyo malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokunyamekela umlomo wakho ngexesha le-chemotherapy ephezulu kunye nokufakelwa kweseli. Ukuxubha ngononophelo kunye nokubhabha kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo kwizicubu zomlomo. Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo kunye nokunciphisa ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwezicubu zomlomo:

• Bhrasha amazinyo ngebrashi ethambileyo 2 ukuya kathathu ngemini. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba indawo apho amazinyo ahlangana khona neentsini.

• Yipule ibrashi yamazinyo emanzini ashushu rhoqo kwimizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ukugcina ibhrashi ithambile.

• Yipule umlomo wakho amaxesha ama-3 okanye ama-4 ngelixa uhlamba

• Gwema iirinshi ezinotywala kuzo.

• Sebenzisa intlama yamazinyo ekunambitha kamnandi.

• Vumela ibrashi yamazinyo ukuba yome phakathi kokusetyenziswa.

• I-Floss ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo.

• Coca umlomo emva kokutya.

• Sebenzisa i-foam swabs ukucoca ulwimi kunye nophahla lomlomo.

• Kuphephe oku kulandelayo:

• Ukutya okuqhwethayo okanye okune asidi.

• Ukutya "okunzima" okunokucaphukisa okanye ukwaphule ulusu emlonyeni wakho, njengeetshiphusi.

• Ukutya okushushu kunye neziselo.

Amayeza kunye nomkhenkce zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokunyanga i-mucositis ukusuka kufakelo lweseli ye-stem.

Amayeza anokunikwa ukunceda ukukhusela izilonda zomlomo okanye ukunceda umlomo uphilise ngokukhawuleza ukuba wonakaliswe yichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha. Kwakhona, ukubamba ii-ice chips emlonyeni ngexesha le-chemotherapy ephezulu, kunokunceda ukukhusela izilonda zomlomo.

Unyango lwamazinyo lunokucinywa de amajoni omzimba omzimba abuyele esiqhelweni.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwamazinyo, kubandakanya ukucoca kunye nokupholisha, kufuneka lulinde de amajoni omzimba wokugonywa abuyele esiqhelweni. Amajoni omzimba angathatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukubuyisa emva kwedosi ephezulu yedosi kunye nokufakelwa kweseli. Ngeli xesha, umngcipheko weengxaki zomlomo uphezulu. Ukuba unyango lwamazinyo luyafuneka, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nononophelo lwenkxaso bayanikwa.

Unonophelo oluxhasayo ngaphambi kweenkqubo zomlomo kunokubandakanya ukunika i-antibiotics okanye i-immunoglobulin G, ukulungiswa kwamayeza e-steroid, kunye / okanye ukufakelwa kweplatelet.

Iingxaki zomlomo kwiCancer yesiBini

Abasindileyo bomhlaza abafumana i-chemotherapy okanye ukufakelwa okanye abafumana unyango lwe-radiation basengozini yokuphuhliswa ngumhlaza wesibini kamva ebomini. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko somlomo ngowona wesibini umhlaza womlomo oqhelekileyo kwizigulana zokufakelwa. Imilebe nolwimi ziindawo ezichaphazeleka rhoqo.

Umhlaza wesibini uxhaphake kakhulu kwizigulana ezinyangelwa i-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma, izigulana ezininzi ze-myeloma ezifumene ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem kusetyenziswa iiseli zazo zeziqu ngamanye amaxesha zikhulisa iplasmacytoma yomlomo.

Izigulana ezifumene ukufakelwa kufuneka zibonane nogqirha ukuba zine-lymph node okanye amaqhuma kwiindawo zethishu ezithambileyo. Oku kunokuba luphawu lomhlaza wesibini.

Iingxaki zomlomo ezingahambelani neChemotherapy okanye iTransation Therapy

IINGONGOMA EZIPHAMBILI

• Amachiza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nezinye iingxaki zamathambo zinxulunyaniswa nokuphulukana nethambo emlonyeni.

• Unyango lwe-ONJ luhlala lubandakanya ukunyanga usulelo kunye nococeko lwamazinyo.

Amachiza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nezinye iingxaki zamathambo zinxulunyaniswa nokuphulukana nethambo emlonyeni.

Ezinye iziyobisi ziqhekeza izicubu zamathambo emlonyeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-osteonecrosis yomhlathi (ONJ). I-ONJ inokubangela nosulelo. Iimpawu zibandakanya iintlungu kunye nezilonda ezivuthayo emlonyeni, apho iindawo ezinethambo elonakeleyo zinokubonisa.

Iziyobisi ezinokubangela i-ONJ zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• I-Bisphosphonates: Iziyobisi zinikwa ezinye izigulana ezinomhlaza osele udlulele emathanjeni. Zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nomngcipheko wamathambo aphukileyo. I-Bisphosphonates ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eninzi egazini). I-Bisphosphonates esetyenziswa rhoqo ibandakanya i-zoledronic acid, i-pamidronate, kunye ne-alendronate.

• I-Denosumab: Iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga iingxaki ezithile zethambo. I-Denosumab luhlobo lwe-monoclonal antibody.

• I-Angiogenesis inhibitors: Iziyobisi okanye izinto ezigcina imithambo yegazi emitsha ingenzeki. Kunyango lomhlaza, ii-angiogenesis inhibitors zinokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ekufuneka ukuba amathumba akhule. Ezinye ze-angiogenesis inhibitors ezinokubangela i-ONJ yi-bevacizumab, sunitinib, kunye ne-sorafenib.

Kubalulekile kwiqela lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba lazi ukuba ngaba isigulana siphathwe ngonyango kusini na. Umhlaza osasazeke emhlathini ungabonakala njenge-ONJ. I-biopsy ingafuneka ukuze kufumaneke unobangela we-ONJ.

I-ONJ ayikho imeko eqhelekileyo. Kwenzeka rhoqo kwizigulana ezifumana i-bisphosphonates okanye i-denosumab ngenaliti kunezigulana ezizithatha ngomlomo. Ukuthatha i-bisphosphonates, i-denosumab, okanye i-angiogenesis inhibitors yonyusa umngcipheko we-ONJ. Umngcipheko we-ONJ mkhulu kakhulu xa ii-angiogenesis inhibitors kunye ne-bisphosphonates zisetyenziswa kunye.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-ONJ:

• Kususwe amazinyo.

• Ukunxiba amazinyo emboleko angahambelani kakuhle.

• Ukuba ne-myeloma ezininzi.

Izigulana ezinamathambo e-metastase zinokunciphisa umngcipheko we-ONJ ngokuvavanywa nokunyangwa kwiingxaki zamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango lwe-bisphosphonate okanye i-denosumab.

Unyango lwe-ONJ luhlala lubandakanya ukunyanga usulelo kunye nococeko lwamazinyo.

Unyango lwe-ONJ lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukususa izicwili ezosulelekileyo, ezinokubandakanya ithambo. Utyando lwe-Laser lunokusetyenziswa.

• Ukuthambisa imiphetho ebukhali yethambo elivelileyo.

• Sebenzisa i-antibiotics ukulwa nosulelo.

• Sebenzisa imilomo yokuhlanjwa ngomlomo.

• Sebenzisa iyeza lentlungu.

Ngexesha lonyango lwe-ONJ, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokubrasha kunye nokuthambisa emva kokutya ukugcina umlomo wakho ucocekile. Kukulungele ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwecuba ngelixa i-ONJ iphilisa.

Wena kunye nogqirha wakho unokugqiba ukuba ngaba kufuneka uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza abangela i-ONJ, ngokusekelwe kwimpembelelo eya kuba nayo kwimpilo yakho jikelele.

Iingxaki zomlomo kunye neengxaki zentlalo

Iingxaki zentlalo ezinxulumene neengxaki zomlomo zinokuba zezona ngxaki zinzima kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Iingxaki zomlomo zichaphazela ukutya kunye nokuthetha kwaye zinokukwenza ungakwazi okanye ungathandi ukuthatha inxaxheba ngamaxesha okutya okanye ekutyeni. Izigulana zinokukhathazeka, zirhoxe, okanye zidandatheke, kwaye zingabaphepha abanye abantu. Ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo azinakusetyenziswa kuba zinokwenza iingxaki zomlomo zibe mbi ngakumbi. Jonga ezi zishwankathelo zilandelayo ze- ngolwazi oluthe kratya:

• Uhlengahlengiso kuCancer: Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo

• Uxinzelelo

Imfundo, ukhathalelo oluxhasayo, kunye nonyango lweempawu zibalulekile kwizigulana ezinengxaki yomlomo ezinxulumene nonyango lomhlaza. Izigulana zijongwa ngononophelo ziintlungu, ukukwazi ukumelana nazo, kunye nokuphendula kunyango. Inkxaso yenkxaso evela kubanikezeli bezempilo kunye nosapho kunokunceda isiguli sikwazi ukumelana nomhlaza kunye neengxaki zawo.

Iingxaki zomlomo zeChemotherapy kunye nonyango lweRadiation kuBantwana

Abantwana abafumene i-chemotherapy yedosi ephezulu okanye unyango ngemitha entloko nasentanyeni basenokungabikho ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwamazinyo kunye nophuhliso. Amazinyo amatsha anokuvela emva kwexesha okanye hayi kwaphela, kwaye ubukhulu bezinyo bunokuba bincinci kunesiqhelo. Intloko kunye nobuso zisenokungakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Utshintsho zihlala zifana kumacala omabini entloko kwaye azisoloko zibonwa.

Unyango lwe-Orthodontic kwizigulana ezinokukhula kwamazinyo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zophando ziyafundwa.