Mhando / isingazivikanwe-yepakutanga / murwere / isingazivikanwe-yekutanga-kurapwa-pdq

Carcinoma yeusingazivikanwe ekutanga Kurapa Shanduro

General Ruzivo nezveCarcinoma yeusingazivikanwe Primary

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Carcinoma yechisingazivikanwe yepuraimari (CUP) chirwere chisingawanzo mune maseru (gomarara) anouraya anowanikwa mumuviri asi nzvimbo yakatangira gomarara hazvizivikanwe.

• Dzimwe nguva gomarara rekutanga harimbowanikwa.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveCUP zvakasiyana, zvinoenderana nekuti kenza yapararira sei mumuviri.

• Kuedzwa kwakasiyana kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (tsvaga) gomarara.

• Kana bvunzo dzichiratidza kuti panogona kunge paine cancer, biopsy inoitwa

• Kana mhando yekenza maseru kana zvinyama zvabviswa zvakasiyana nemhando yekenza maseru anotarisirwa kuwanikwa, kuongororwa kweCUP kunogona kuitwa.

• Miedzo nemaitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga cancer yekutanga zvinoenderana nekuti kenza yapararira kupi.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora).

Carcinoma yechisingazivikanwe yepuraimari (CUP) chirwere chisingawanzo mune maseru (gomarara) anouraya anowanikwa mumuviri asi nzvimbo yakatangira gomarara hazvizivikanwe.

Kenza inogona kuumba mune chero nyama yemuviri. Iyo cancer yekutanga (iyo cancer iyo yakatanga kuumba) inogona kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Maitiro aya anonzi metastasis. Cancer masero anowanzoita semasero erudzi rwechitunha makatangira cancer. Semuenzaniso, maseru ekenza yemazamu anogona kupararira kusvika kumapapu. Nekuti kenza yakatanga muzamu, maseru egomarara mumapapu anotaridzika semasero ekenza yemazamu.

Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanowana uko gomarara rapararira asi vasingakwanise kuwana kuti mumuviri kenza yakatanga kupi kukura. Mhando yegomarara iyi inonzi gomarara risingazivikanwe wepuraimari (CUP) kana bundu remashiripiti.

Mu carcinoma yeprimary isingazivikanwe, maseru egomarara akapararira mumuviri asi nzvimbo yakatangira gomarara repakutanga haizivikanwe.

Kuedzwa kunoitwa kutsvaga kwakatangira gomarara rekutanga uye kuwana ruzivo nezvekuti gomarara rapararira kupi. Kana bvunzo dzikakwanisa kuwana gomarara rekutanga, gomarara harisisiri CUP uye kurapwa kunoenderana nerudzi rwegomarara rekutanga.

Dzimwe nguva gomarara rekutanga harimbowanikwa.

Iyo kenza yekutanga (iyo kenza yakatanga kuumbwa) inogona kunge isingawanikwe kune chimwe chezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Iyo cancer yekutanga idiki kwazvo uye inokura zvishoma nezvishoma.

• Ma immune immune akauraya cancer yekutanga.

• Kenza yekutanga yakabviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa kweimwe mamiriro uye vanachiremba havana kuziva kuti cancer yakaumbwa. Semuenzaniso, chibereko chine gomarara chinogona kubviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa kurapa chirwere chakakomba.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveCUP zvakasiyana, zvinoenderana nekuti kenza yapararira sei mumuviri.

Dzimwe nguva CUP haina kukonzera chero zviratidzo kana zviratidzo. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa neCUP kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Bundu kana kuomesa mune chero chikamu chemuviri.

• Marwadzo ari mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri uye haapere.

• Kukosora kusingaendi kana kushaikwa kwezwi.

• Chinja ura kana dundira maitiro, sekuzvimbirwa, manyoka, kana kugara uchiita weti.

• Kubuda ropa zvisina kujairika kana kubuda.

• Fivha pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa icho hachiendi.

• Night sweats.

• Kurera huremu pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa kana kurasikirwa kwechido.

Kuedzwa kwakasiyana kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (tsvaga) gomarara.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

Urinalysis: Chiyero chekutarisa ruvara rweweti uye nezviri mukati, senge shuga, protein, ropa, uye hutachiona.

• Ropa kemesitiri zvidzidzo: Maitiro umo muyedzo weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) chiyero chechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere.

• Yakazara kuverenga kweropa: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa unodhonzwa uye kuongororwa kune zvinotevera:

• Huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa, machena masero eropa, uye maplatelet.

• Huwandu hwehemoglobin (protein inotakura oxygen) mumasero matsvuku eropa.

• Chikamu chemuenzaniso chakaumbwa nemasero matsvuku eropa.

• Fecal zvemashiripiti kuongororwa ropa: Chiyero chekutarisa tsvina (yakasimba tsvina) yeropa iyo inogona kungoonekwa ne microscope. Zvidiki masampuru ezvigaro anoiswa pamakadhi akakosha uye anodzoserwa kuna chiremba kana murabhoritari kunoongororwa. Nekuti mimwe kanzira ichibuda ropa, ropa muchitsiko rinogona kunge riri chiratidzo checancer mune colon kana rectum.

Kana bvunzo dzichiratidza kuti panogona kunge paine cancer, biopsy inoitwa

Bhiopsy ndiko kubviswa kwemaseru kana matukisi kuti agone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba. Nyanzvi yezvirwere inoona munyama pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza uye kutsvaga rudzi rwekenza. Mhando yebhiopsy inoitwa inoenderana nechikamu chemuviri chiri kuongororwa gomarara. Imwe yedzinotevera mhando dze biopsies dzinogona kushandiswa:

• Excisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwebundu rese rezvinyama.

• Incisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwechikamu chebundu kana sampuro yetishu.

• Core biopsy: Kubviswa kwetishu uchishandisa tsono yakafara.

• Yakanaka-tsono yekutsvaira (FNA) biopsy: Iyo inobvisa tishu kana fluid uchishandisa tsono yakatetepa.

Kana gomarara rikawanikwa, imwe kana dzinopfuura dzeongororo dzinotevera dzemurabhoritari dzinogona kushandiswa kuongorora masosi enyama uye nekuziva mhando yekenza.

• Ongororo yeGenetic: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo iyo DNA mune muyenzaniso wekenza maseru kana nyama inodzidziswa kuongorora shanduko (shanduko) dzinogona kubatsira kufanotaura kurapwa kwakanyanya kwecarcinoma yepasina kuzivikanwa.

• Histologic kudzidza: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo maronda anowedzerwa kumuenzaniso wekenza maseru kana zvinyama uye anotariswa pasi pemaikorosikopu kutsvaga dzimwe shanduko mumasero. Dzimwe shanduko mumasero dzakabatana nedzimwe mhando dzekenza.

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira mamwe maantigen (mamaki) mune imwe sampuro yetishu yemurwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anowanzo sunganidzwa ne enzyme kana dhayi ye fluorescent. Mushure mekunge maantibodies akasunga kune yakasarudzika antigen mune yeiyo sampuli, iyo enzyme kana dhayi inoitwa, uye iyo antigen inogona kuzoonekwa pasi pe microscope. Rudzi urwu rweyedzo runoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora gomarara uye kubatsira kutaurira imwe mhando yekenza kubva kune imwe mhando yegomarara.

• Reverse transcript- polymerase chain reaction (RT – PCR) bvunzo: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo huwandu hwechibereko chinonzi mRNA chakagadzirwa neimwe geni chinoyerwa. Enzyme inonzi reverse transcriptase inoshandiswa kushandura chidimbu cheRNA kuita chidimbu cheDNA, icho chinogona kukwidziridzwa (chakaitwa muzvizhinji) neimwe enzyme inonzi DNA polymerase. Akawedzeredzwa maDNA makopi anobatsira kutaurira kana chaiyo mRNA iri kugadzirwa negene. RT-PCR inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kumisikidza kwemamwe majeni anogona kuratidza kuvepo kwemasero ekenza. Iyi bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kutsvaga kumwe kuchinjika mugene kana chromosome, iyo inogona kubatsira kuongorora kenza.

• Kuongorora kweCytogenetic: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo ma chromosomes emaseru mune imwe sampu yematumbo inoverengwa uye kuongororwa chero shanduko, dzakadai sekutyoka, kushaikwa, kugadziriswazve, kana mamwe ma chromosomes. Shanduko mune mamwe ma chromosomes inogona kunge iri chiratidzo checancer. Kuongorora kweCytogenetic kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora cancer, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Shanduko mune mamwe ma chromosomes akabatanidzwa kune mamwe marudzi ekenza.

• Chiedza uye elektroni microscopy: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo masero ari mune imwe sampu yetishu anoonekwa pasi pemaikorosikopu akajairwa uye akakwirira-simba kuti atsvage kumwe kushanduka mumasero.

Kana mhando yekenza maseru kana zvinyama zvabviswa zvakasiyana nemhando yekenza maseru anotarisirwa kuwanikwa, kuongororwa kweCUP kunogona kuitwa.

Maseru mumuviri ane kumwe kutaridzika kunoenderana nemhando yetishu yavanobva nayo. Semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso wechirwere chegomarara chakatorwa pazamu chinotarisirwa kuve nemaseru emuzamu. Nekudaro, kana iyo sampuro yetissue iri imwe mhando yesero (isina kugadzirwa nemazamu maseru), zvingangoita kuti maseru akapararira kuzamu kubva kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri. Kuti varonge kurapwa, vanachiremba vanotanga vaedza kutsvaga gomarara rekutanga (iyo cancer yakatanga kuumbwa)

Miedzo nemaitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga cancer yekutanga zvinoenderana nekuti kenza yapararira kupi.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikamu chemuviri panowanikwa maseru egomarara chinobatsira chiremba kusarudza kuti ndedzipi ongororo dzekuongorora dzinenge dzichinyanya kubatsira.

• Kana gomarara rikawanikwa pamusoro pechidimbu (mhasuru nhete iri pasi pemapapu inobatsira nekufema), gomarara rekutanga kenza rinogona kunge riri muchikamu chepamusoro chemuviri, senge mumapapu kana pazamu.

• Kana gomarara rikawanikwa pazasi pechirafu, nzvimbo yekutanga yegomarara inogona kunge iri muchikamu chezasi chemuviri, chakadai sepancreas, chiropa, kana imwe nhengo mudumbu.

• Dzimwe gomarara dzinowanzopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri. Zvegomarara rinowanikwa mune ma lymph node mumutsipa, nzvimbo yekutanga yegomarara inogona kunge iri mumusoro kana mutsipa, nekuti kanzuru yemusoro neyemutsipa zvinowanzopararira kumitezo yemumutsipa.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kuitwa kuti uwane uko kenza yakatanga kutanga:

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge chipfuva kana dumbu, zvakatorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

• Mammogram: X-ray yezamu.

• Endoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa nhengo uye zvinyama mukati memuviri kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Endoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nekucheka (kucheka) paganda kana kuvhura mumuviri, senge muromo. Endoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa tishu kana lymph node sampuli, dzinoongororwa pasi pe microscope kuti dzive nezviratidzo zvehosha. Semuenzaniso, colonoscopy inogona kuitwa.

• Tumor marker bvunzo: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa, weti, kana zvinyama zvinoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nenhengo, nyama, kana tumarara masero mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosunganidzwa kune chaiwo marudzi ekenza kana akawanikwa mune akawedzera mwero mumuviri. Aya anonzi mamarara mamark. Ropa rinogona kuongororwa pamatanho eC CA-125, CgA, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), kana prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Dzimwe nguva, hapana bvunzo dzinogona kuwana yekutanga kenza saiti. Mune zviitiko izvi, kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pane izvo chiremba anofunga kuti ndiyo ingangoita mhando yekenza.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora).

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Kwakatangira gomarara mumuviri uye kwarakapararira.

• Huwandu hwenhengo dzine gomarara mavari.

• Maitiro ayo maseru emota anotaridzika kana achionekwa pasi pe microscope.

• Kunyangwe murwere ari murume kana mukadzi.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Kune vazhinji varwere vane CUP, kurapwa kwazvino hakurape kenza. Varwere vangangoda kutora chikamu mune imwe yemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuvandudza kurapwa. Makiriniki ekuedzwa kweCUP ari kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Matanho eCarcinoma eusingazivikanwe Primary

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Iko hakuna staging system yecarcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa epuraimari (CUP).

• Ruzivo rwunozivikanwa nezve gomarara runoshandiswa kuronga kurapwa.

Iko hakuna staging system yecarcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa epuraimari (CUP).

Iko kukura kana kupararira kwegomarara kunowanzo rondedzerwa sematanho. Chikamu checancer chinowanzo shandiswa kuronga kurapwa. Zvisinei, CUP yakatopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri kana yawanikwa.

Ruzivo rwunozivikanwa nezve gomarara runoshandiswa kuronga kurapwa.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa aya anotevera marudzi eruzivo kuronga kurapwa:

• Nzvimbo iri mumuviri munowanikwa kenza, senge peritoneum kana remuromo (remutsipa), axillary (armpit), kana inguinal (groin) lymph node.

• Rudzi rwecancer cell, senge melanoma.

• Kunyangwe iyo kenza kenza isina kusiyaniswa zvisina tsarukano (inotaridzika zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kumasero akajairwa kana ichionekwa pasi pe microscope)

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekenza.

• Mhedzisiro yemayedzo nemaitiro.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane carcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa epuraimari (CUP).

• Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Hormone kurapa

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Kurapa kwecarcinoma kwepasina kuzivikanwa kwepakutanga kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane carcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa epuraimari (CUP).

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune varwere vane CUP. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya kurapwa kwakajairika kweCUP. Chiremba anogona kubvisa kenza uye zvimwe zvezvinyama zvine hutano zvakakomberedza.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza. Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Iyi mhando ye radiation radiation inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT rudzi rwe 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation radiation inoshandisa komputa kugadzira mifananidzo yehukuru uye chimiro chebundu. Matanda matete emwaranzi yemasimba akasiyana (simba) anovavarira bundu kubva pamakona mazhinji. Rudzi urwu rwekunze kwemwaranzi kurapwa kunokonzeresa kukuvara kudiki kune hutano hutano uye kashoma kukonzeresa kuoma muromo, kunetseka kumedza, uye kukuvadza paganda.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Kunze uye kwemukati kurapwa kwemwaranzi kunoshandiswa kurapa carcinoma yezvisingazivikanwe zvepuraimari.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy). Kubatanidzwa chemotherapy ndiko kushandiswa kwemaviri kana anopfuura anticancer zvinodhaka.

Hormone kurapa

Hormone kurapwa kurapa kenza inobvisa mahormone kana ichivhara maitiro avo uye inomisa maseru ekenza kubva mukukura. Mahormone zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemaronda mumuviri uye zvinotenderera muropa. Mamwe mahormone anogona kukonzera mamwe cancer kuti ikure. Kana bvunzo dzichiratidza kuti maseru egomarara ane nzvimbo dzinogona kubatirira mahormone (receptors), zvinodhaka, kuvhiyiwa, kana kurapwa nemwaranzi kunoshandiswa kudzikisa kugadzirwa kwehormone kana kuvharidzira kushanda.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Kurapa kwecarcinoma kwepasina kuzivikanwa kwepakutanga kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeCarcinoma yeusingazivikanwe Primary

Muchikamu chino

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Carcinoma yeusingazivikanwe Primary

• Cervical (Neck) Lymph Nzvimbo

• Akanyatsosiyanisa Carcinomas

• Vakadzi vane Peritoneal Cancer

• Isolated Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis

• Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis

• Melanoma mune Imwe Lymph Node Nzvimbo

• Multiple Kubatanidzwa

• Dzokororo Carcinoma yeUkusazivikanwa Primary

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Carcinoma yeusingazivikanwe Primary

Cervical (Neck) Lymph Nzvimbo

Gomarara rinowanikwa mune remuromo wechibereko (mutsipa) lymph node inogona kunge yakapararira kubva pabundu mumusoro kana mutsipa. Kurapa kwecervical lymph node carcinoma yezvisingazivikanwe primary (CUP) kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa matoni.

• Radiation kurapa chete. Intensity-modulated radiation kurapwa (IMRT) inogona kushandiswa.

• Radiation therapy inoteverwa nekuvhiya kubvisa ma lymph node.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo lymph node, iine kana isina radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemhando nyowani yekurapa.

Ona pfupiso ye paMetastatic Squamous Neck Cancer ine Occult Primary Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Akanyatsosiyanisa Carcinomas

Cancer masero asina kunyatso kusiyaniswa anotaridzika akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kumasero akajairwa. Rudzi rwechitokisi chavakabva hachizivikanwe. Kurapa kweasina kusiyaniswa carcinoma yezvisingazivikanwe zvepuraimari, kusanganisira mamota mune neuroendocrine system (iyo chikamu chehuropi icho chinodzora maronda-anogadzira gland mumuviri wese) anogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemhando nyowani yekurapa.

Vakadzi vane Peritoneal Cancer

Kurapa kwevakadzi vane peritoneal (lining yemudumbu) carcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa eprimary inogona kunge yakafanana neyecancer ovarian. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemhando nyowani yekurapa.

Ona pfupiso ye pane Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, uye Primary Peritoneal Cancer Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Isolated Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis

Kenza inowanikwa chete mune axillary (armpit) lymph node inogona kunge yakapararira kubva pabundu muzamu.

Kurapa kweaxillary lymph node metastasis inowanzo:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa ma lymph node.

Kurapa zvakare kunogona kusanganisira imwe kana kupfuura anotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa zamu.

• Radiation kurapa kuchipfuva.

• Chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemhando nyowani yekurapa.

Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis

Gomarara rinowanikwa chete mune inguinal (groin) lymph node dzinogona kunge dzakatanga munzvimbo yekubereka, anal, kana rectal nzvimbo. Kurapa kweiyo inguinal lymph node metastasis inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa kenza uye / kana lymph node mukati meguruva.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa kenza uye / kana lymph node mukati meguruva, ichiteverwa ne radiation radiation kana chemotherapy.

Melanoma mune Imwe Lymph Node Nzvimbo

Kurapa kwemelanoma iyo inowanikwa chete mune imwechete lymph node nzvimbo inowanzo kuve:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa ma lymph node.

Ona pfupiso yePDPQ nezveMelanoma Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Multiple Kubatanidzwa

Iko hakuna kwakajairwa kurapwa kwecarcinoma yeasina kuzivikanwa epakutanga iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana dzemuviri. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Hormone kurapa.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa.

• Chemotherapy neimwe kana yakawanda anticancer zvinodhaka.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki.

Dzokororo Carcinoma yeUkusazivikanwa Primary

Kurapa kweanowanzoitika carcinoma yezvisingazivikanwe zvepuraimari kazhinji kuri mukati mekuedzwa kwekiriniki. Kurapa kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Rudzi rwecancer.

• Kanzenza yairapwa sei kare.

• Iko gomarara rakadzoka mumuviri.

• Mamiriro uye zvido zvemurwere.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda NezveCarcinoma yeusingazivikanwe Primary

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve carcinoma yenzvimbo isingazivikanwe yekutanga, ona zvinotevera:

• Carcinoma Yekusazivikanwa Kwekutanga Peji Peji

• Kenza yeMetastatic

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira