Mhando / thyroid / murwere / thyroid-kurapwa-pdq
Zviri Mukati
Utachiona hweCancer Cancer (Adult) (®) -Patient Shanduro
Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Thyroid Cancer
PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA
- Kenza yeTihyenza chirwere umo maseru (gomarara) akaipisisa anoumba mumatumbu egland.
- Matunduru ehutachiona akajairika asi kazhinji kenza.
- Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzegomarara rekenza.
- Zera, murume kana murume, uye kuburitswa nemwaranzi zvinogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yetachiona.
- Kenza yeMedullary yegomarara dzimwe nguva inokonzerwa neshanduko yemajini inopfuudzwa kubva kumubereki kuenda kumwana.
- Zviratidzo zvegomarara rekenza zvinosanganisira kuzvimba kana bundu mumutsipa.
- Kuyedza kunoongorora utachiona, mutsipa, uye ropa kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (kuwana) uye kuongorora gomarara rekenza.
- Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.
Kenza yeTihyenza chirwere umo maseru (gomarara) akaipisisa anoumba mumatumbu egland.
Utachiona igland riri pasi pehuro padyo netrachea (windpipe). Yakaumbwa kunge shavishavi, iine rukoko rwekurudyi uye rwekuruboshwe. Iyo ismusmus, chidimbu chakatetepa chenyama, inobatanidza iyo miviri miviri. Utachiona hune hutano hwakati kurei kupfuura kota. Kazhinji hazvigone kunzwika kuburikidza neganda.
Utachiona hunoshandisa iodine, chicherwa chinowanikwa mune zvimwe zvekudya uye munyu iodized, kubatsira kugadzira mahormone akati wandei. Mahormone ehutachiona anoita zvinotevera:
- Chengetedza kurova kwemoyo, tembiricha yemuviri, uye nekukurumidza chikafu chinoshandurwa kuita simba (metabolism).
- Chengetedza huwandu hwecalcium muropa.
Matunduru ehutachiona akajairika asi kazhinji kenza.
Chiremba wako anogona kuwana bundu (nodule) muhutano hwako panguva yekuongororwa kwechiremba. Uturu nodule inokura zvisina kujairika yemasero ehutachiona muiyo thyroid. Nodules inogona kunge yakasimba kana izere nemvura.
Kana hutachiona huturu hunowanikwa, iyo ultrasound yeiyo thyroid uye yakanaka-tsono aspiration biopsy inowanzoitwa kutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Kuongororwa kweropa kutarisa hutachiona hwehutachiona uye maantithyroid antibodies muropa kunogona kuitwawo kutarisa mamwe marudzi echirwere chetachiona.
Makemikari emakemikari kazhinji haakonzere zviratidzo kana kuda kurapwa. Dzimwe nguva matinji ehutachiona anova akakura zvakakwana zvekuti zvinonetsa kumedza kana kufema uye mimwe miedzo uye kurapwa kunodiwa. Chete chiverengero chidiki chetachiona matinji anoonekwa sekenza.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzegomarara rekenza.
Kenza yehutachiona inogona kurondedzerwa seimwe:
- Kusiyanisa kenza yehutachiona, iyo inosanganisira zvakanaka-musiyano mamota, asina kunyatso kusiyaniswa mamota, uye asina kukosheswa mamota; kana
- Medullary cancer yegomarara.
Mamota akanyatsosiyaniswa (papillary thyroid kenza uye follicular thyroid cancer) inogona kurapwa uye inogona kupora.
Mamota akasarudzika uye asina kusarudzika (anaplastic cancer yekenza) haana kujairika. Aya mamota anokura uye anopararira nekukurumidza uye ave nemurombo mukana wekupora. Varwere vane anaplastic cancer yekenza vanofanirwa kunge vaine mamorekuru kuyedza shanduko muRAF geni.
Kenza yeMedullary kenza yemauroendocrine inokura muC maseru etachiona. Iwo maC masero anogadzira hormone (calcitonin) iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka hwecalcium muropa.
Ona pfupiso ye paChidiki Chidiki Kenza Kurapwa kweruzivo nezve kenza yehutachiona hwehudiki
Zera, murume kana murume, uye kuburitswa nemwaranzi zvinogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yetachiona.
Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi.
Njodzi zvinhu zvegomarara rekenza zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kuva pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa.
- Kuva mukadzi.
- Kuburitswa nemwaranzi kumusoro nemutsipa semucheche kana mwana kana kuratidzwa kune radioactive kudonha. Kenza inogona kuitika nekukurumidza makore mashanu mushure mekuratidzwa.
- Kuve nenhoroondo ye goiter (yakawedzera thyroid).
- Kuve nenhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere chetachiona kana gomarara redenhe.
- Kuva nehumwe hutachiona hwakadai semhuri medullary cancer kenza (FMTC), akawanda endocrine neoplasia mhando 2A syndrome (MEN2A), kana akawanda endocrine neoplasia mhando 2B syndrome (MEN2B).
- Kuve wekuAsia.
Kenza yeMedullary yegomarara dzimwe nguva inokonzerwa neshanduko yemajini inopfuudzwa kubva kumubereki kuenda kumwana.
Magen'a ari mumasero anotakura ruzivo rwekugara nhaka kubva kumubereki kuenda kumwana. Imwe shanduko muRET geni inopfuudzwa kubva kumubereki kuenda kumwana (nhaka) inogona kukonzera medullary cancer kenza.
Kune genetiki bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora geni rakachinja. Murwere anotanga aongororwa kuti aone kana iye ane geni rakachinja. Kana murwere achinayo, dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona zvakare kuyedzwa kuti vaone kana vari panjodzi yekuwedzera yegomarara remudumbu. Nhengo dzemhuri, kusanganisira vana vadiki, vane iyo yakachinja geni vanogona kunge vane thyroidectomy (kuvhiya kubvisa utachiona). Izvi zvinogona kudzora mukana wekuvandudza medullary cancer kenza.
Zviratidzo zvegomarara rekenza zvinosanganisira kuzvimba kana bundu mumutsipa.
Kenza yehutachiona haigone kukonzera zviratidzo zvekutanga kana zviratidzo. Iyo dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mukati mekujaidzwa kwepanyama bvunzo. Zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika apo bundu rinokura. Dzimwe mamiriro anogona kukonzera iwo iwo iwo zviratidzo kana zviratidzo. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:
- Bundu (nodule) mumutsipa.
- Kunetseka kufema.
- Dambudziko kumedza.
- Marwadzo kana uchimedza.
- Kuchema.
Kuyedza kunoongorora utachiona, mutsipa, uye ropa kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (kuwana) uye kuongorora gomarara rekenza.
Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:
- Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu (maqhumu) kana kuzvimba mumutsipa, izwi bhokisi, uye lymph node, uye chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.
- Laryngoscopy: Maitiro umo chiremba anoongorora iyo larynx (izwi bhokisi) negirazi kana laryngoscope. Iyo laryngoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Bundu rehutachiona rinogona kumanikidza tambo dzenzwi. Iyo laryngoscopy inoitwa kuti uone kana tambo dzenzwi dziri kufamba zvakajairika.
- Ropa mahormone zvidzidzo: Maitiro ekuti muyero weropa unotariswa kuyera huwandu hwemamwe mahormone akaburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) huwandu hwechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere munhengo kana munyama inoigadzira. Ropa rinogona kuongororwa kuti riite zvisina kujairika huwandu hwehutachiona-hunokurudzira mahormone (TSH). TSH inogadzirwa nepituitary gland muuropi. Iyo inokurudzira kuburitswa kweiyo thyroid hormone uye inodzora kuti inokurumidza sei follicular thyroid maseru inokura. Ropa rinogonawo kuongororwa kuti riite huwandu hwehomoni calcitonin uye antithyroid antibodies.
- Ropa kemesitiri zvidzidzo: Maitiro ekuti muyero weropa unotariswa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu, senge calcium, inoburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) chiyero chechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere.
- Ultrasound bvunzo: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy kurira mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati matumbu kana mitezo mumutsipa uye kuita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare. Maitiro aya anogona kuratidza saizi yetinji yegonyeti uye kuti yakasimba here kana cyst inozadzwa nemvura. Ultrasound inogona kushandiswa kutungamira yakanaka-tsono aspiration biopsy.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge mutsipa, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.
- Yakanakira-tsono yekutsvagisa biopsy yeiyo thyroid: Kubviswa kwetikisi matishu uchishandisa nhete tsono. Tsono yacho inoiswa kuburikidza neganda muhutachiona. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzemasuru dzinobviswa kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeiyo thyroid. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona masampuli enyama pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza. Nemhaka yekuti rudzi rwecancer yegland inogona kuoma kuongorora, varwere vanofanirwa kukumbira kuongororwa masayopisiti nachiremba ane ruzivo rwekuongorora chirwere chegomarara.
- Kuvhiya biopsy: Kubviswa kweiyo thyroid nodule kana rimwe lobe yeiyo thyroid panguva yekuvhiyiwa kuitira kuti maseru nematishu zvionekwe pasi pe microscope nachiremba kuti aone zviratidzo zvegomarara. Nemhaka yekuti rudzi rwecancer yegland inogona kuoma kuongorora, varwere vanofanirwa kukumbira kuongororwa masayopisiti nachiremba ane ruzivo rwekuongorora chirwere chegomarara.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.
Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:
- Zera remurwere panguva yekuongororwa.
- Rudzi rwecancer yegland.
- Chikamu checancer.
- Kunyangwe kenza yakabviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.
- Kunyangwe murwere aine akawanda endocrine neoplasia mhando 2B (MEN 2B).
- Hutano hwese hwemurwere.
- Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).
Matanho eTienza Cancer
PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA
- Mushure mekunge kenza yehutachiona yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati meganda kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri
- Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.
- Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
- Matanho anoshandiswa kurondedzera kenza yehutachiona zvichibva parudzi rwegomarara rekenza uye zera remurwere:
- Papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza mune varwere vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu
- Papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza mune varwere makore makumi mashanu nemashanu nekure
- Anaplastic cancer kenza mune varwere veese mazera
- Medullary cancer kenza mune varwere veese mazera
Mushure mekunge kenza yehutachiona yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati meganda kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri
Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana kenza yapararira mukati meganda kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive zera remurwere uye nhanho yekenza kuronga kurapwa.
Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:
- CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge chipfuva, dumbu, uye huropi, zvakatorwa kubva kumativi akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.
- Ultrasound bvunzo: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati nyama kana nhengo uye anoita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare.
- Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.
- Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Kubviswa kweiyo sentinel lymph node panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Iyo sentinel lymph node ndiyo yekutanga lymph node muboka rema lymph node ekugamuchira lymphatic drainage kubva kune yekutanga bundu. Iyo yekutanga lymph node kenza ingangopararira ichienda kubva kune yekutanga bundu. Chinhu chine radioactive uye / kana dhayi yebhuruu inorohwa padyo nebundu. Icho chinhu kana dhayi inoyerera kuburikidza nemakiromita ducts kuenda kune ma lymph node. Iyo yekutanga lymph node yekugamuchira chinhu kana dhayi inobviswa. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona tishu pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza. Kana masero emukenza asingawanikwe, zvinogona kunge zvisiri kudikanwa kubvisa mamwe ma "lymph node".
Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.
Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:
- Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.
- Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
- Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.
- Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.
- Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.
Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara rekenza richipararira kuenda kumapapu, masero emukenza ari mumapapu ndiwo masero ekenza yetachiona. Hosha iyi metastatic cancer cancer, kwete yemapapu cancer.
Matanho anoshandiswa kurondedzera kenza yehutachiona zvichibva parudzi rwegomarara rekenza uye zera remurwere:
Papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza mune varwere vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu
- Chikamu I: Muchikamu ini papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza, bundu iri chero saizi uye inogona kunge yakapararira kumatunhu ari pedyo uye lymph node. Gomarara harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
- Stage II: Muchikamu chechipiri papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara inogona kunge yakapararira kumatunhu ari pedyo uye lymph node. Gomarara rapararira kubva pahutachiona kuenda kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvakaita semapapu kana mapfupa.
Papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza mune varwere makore makumi mashanu nemashanu nekure
- Chikamu I: Muchikamu ini papillary uye follicular cancer yegomarara, gomarara rinowanikwa muhutachiona chete uye bundu iri masendimita mana kana diki.
- Chikamu II: Muchikamu chechipiri papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza, chimwe cheanotevera chinowanikwa:
- gomarara rinowanikwa muhutachiona uye bundu racho riri masendimita mana kana kuti madiki; kenza yapararira kune lymph node dziri pedyo; kana
- gomarara rinowanikwa muhutachiona, bundu racho rakakura kudarika masendimita mana, uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune ma "lymph node" ari pedyo; kana
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kubva pahutachiona kuenda kumhasuru dziri pedyo mumutsipa uye rinogona kunge rakapararira kune ma lymph node ari pedyo.
- Stage III: Muchikamu chechitatu papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rakapararira kubva kuhutachiona kuenda kune zvinyoro zvinyoro pasi peganda, esophagus, trachea, iyo larynx, kana iyo inowanzoitika laryngeal nerve (tsinga inoenda kumarara). Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
- Chikamu IV: Chikamu IV papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza yakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA uye IVB.
- Muchikamu cheIVA, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rakapararira kumatishu pamberi pemuzongoza kana rakakomberedza aroti yecarotid kana tsinga dzeropa munzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
- Muchikamu IVB, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, semapapu kana mapfupa. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
Anaplastic cancer kenza mune varwere veese mazera
Anaplastic cancer yekenza inokura nekukurumidza uye kazhinji inopararira mukati memutsipa painowanikwa. Anaplastic cancer yekenza inoonekwa seyero IV cancer kenza. Stage IV anaplastic thyroid kenza yakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA, IVB, uye IVC.
- Muchikamu IVA, gomarara rinowanikwa muhutachiona chete uye bundu ringave chero saizi.
- Muchikamu IVB, chimwe cheanotevera chinowanikwa:
- kenza inowanikwa muhutachiona uye bundu ringave chero saizi; kenza yapararira kune lymph node dziri pedyo; kana
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kubva kuhutachiona kuenda kune mhasuru dziri pedyo mumutsipa uye zvinogona kunge zvakapararira kune ma lymph node ari pedyo; kana
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kubva kuhutachiona kuenda kune zvinyoro pasi peganda, ziso, trachea, dokoriro, huta hwemutsipa (tsinga inoenda kudokora), kana munyama pamberi pemuzongoza, kana kuti yakakomberedza artery carotid kana tsinga dzeropa munzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu; kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
- Muchikamu IVC, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge mapapu kana mapfupa. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
Medullary cancer kenza mune varwere veese mazera
- Stage I: Padanho ini medullary cancer yegomarara, gomarara rinowanikwa muhutachiona chete uye bundu iri 2 masendimita kana madiki.
- Chikamu II: Muchikamu chechipiri medullary cancer kenza, chimwe cheanotevera chinowanikwa:
- gomarara riri muhutachiona chete uye bundu rakakura kudarika masendimita maviri; kana
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kubva kutachiona kusvika kumhasuru dziri padhuze.
- Chikamu chechitatu: Muchikamu chechitatu medullary cancer yegomarara, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kubva kuhutachiona kuenda kune mhasuru dzepedyo mumutsipa. Kenza yakapararira kune lymph node kune rimwe kana maviri mativi etrachea kana larynx.
- Chikamu IV: Chikamu IV medullary cancer kenza yakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA, IVB, uye IVC.
- Muchikamu IVA, chero chinotevera chinowanikwa:
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kubva pahutachiona kuenda kune zvinyoro pasi peganda, yegurokuro, yetrachea, yegurokuro, kana yetsinga yedzokororo (tsinga inoenda kugurokuro); kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node kune rimwe kana mativi ese emutsipa; kana
- bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kubva pahutachiona kuenda kumhasuru dziri padhuze; kenza yakapararira kune lymph node kune rimwe kana mativi ese emutsipa.
- Muchikamu IVB, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kusvika munyama pamberi pemuzongoza kana kumuzongoza kana kukomberedza tsinga ye carotid kana tsinga dzeropa munzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
- Muchikamu IVC, bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge mapapu kana chiropa. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node.
Inowanzoitika Thyroid Cancer
Kazhinji kenza yegurosi igomarara rakadzokazve (radzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Kenza yehutachiona inogona kudzoka muhutachiona kana mune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.
Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora
PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA
- Kune marudzi akasiyana ekurapa kwevarwere vane gomarara rekenza.
- Mhando nhanhatu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:
- Kuvhiya
- Radiation therapy, kusanganisira radioactive iodine therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Utachiona hwehomoni
- Targeted kurapwa
- Kurinda kumirira
- Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.
- Immunotherapy
- Kurapa kwekenza yehutachiona kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.
- Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.
- Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.
- Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.
Kune marudzi akasiyana ekurapa kwevarwere vane gomarara rekenza.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kune varwere vane gomarara rekenza. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.
Mhando nhanhatu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:
Kuvhiya
Kuvhiya ndiyo inowanzo kurapa kenza yehutachiona. Imwe yemaitiro anotevera anogona kushandiswa:
- Lobectomy: Kubviswa kweiyo lobe mune iyo cancer kenza inowanikwa. Lymph node padyo nekenza inogona zvakare kubviswa uye kuongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.
- Pedyo-yakazara thyroidectomy: Kubviswa kwezvose asi chikamu chidiki kwazvo chetachiona. Lymph node padyo nekenza inogona zvakare kubviswa uye kuongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.
- Yese thyroidectomy: Kubviswa kweiyo yakazara utachiona. Lymph node padyo nekenza inogona zvakare kubviswa uye kuongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.
- Tracheostomy: Kuvhiya kugadzira yakavhurika (stoma) mupombi yemhepo kuti ikubatsire kufema. Kuvhura pachako kunogona zvakare kunzi tracheostomy.
Radiation therapy, kusanganisira radioactive iodine therapy
Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:
- External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza. Dzimwe nguva mwaranzi inotarisana yakanangana nebundu panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvinonzi intraoperative radiation kurapwa.
- Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.
Radiation kurapa kunogona kupihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara remukenza maseru asina kubviswa. Follicular uye papillary thyroid kenza dzimwe nguva inorapwa ne radioactive iodine (RAI) kurapa. RAI inotorwa nemuromo uye inounganidza mune chero zvasara matissue tishu, kusanganisira cancer maseru ekenza ayo akapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri. Sezvo chete utachiona hwehutachiona hunotora iodini, RAI inoparadza utachiona uye masero emukenza ehutachiona pasina kukuvadza zvimwe zvinyama. Pamberi pekurapwa kwakazara kweRAI kupihwa, diki-bvunzo-muyero unopihwa kuti uone kana bundu rikatora iodine.
Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapa uye radioactive iodine (RAI) kurapa kunoshandiswa kurapa gomarara rekenza.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy).
Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa.
Ona Mishonga Inotenderwa yeTiroid Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Utachiona hwehomoni
Hormone kurapwa kurapa kenza inobvisa mahormone kana ichivhara maitiro avo uye inomisa maseru ekenza kubva mukukura. Mahormone zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemaronda mumuviri uye zvinotenderera muropa. Mukurapa gomarara retachiona, mishonga inogona kupihwa kudzivirira muviri kubva mukugadzira utachiona-hunosimudzira mahormone (TSH), iyo hormone inokwanisa kuwedzera mukana wekuti gomarara remukoko rikure kana kudzoka zvakare.
Zvakare, nekuti kurapwa gomarara rekirinoroi kunouraya masero etachiona, utachiona haugone kugadzira yakakwana hormone yehutachiona. Varwere vanopihwa thyroid thyroid kutsiva mapiritsi.
Targeted kurapwa
Targeted therapy mhando yekurapa inoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvione uye kurwisa chaiwo maseru ekenza pasina kukuvadza zvakajairika maseru. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeakanangwa kurapwa.
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy inovhara maseru anodiwa kuti mamota akure. Sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib, uye cabozantinib zvinoshandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi ekenza yekenza. Mhando nyowani dze tyrosine kinase inhibitors dziri kuongororwa kuti dzirape gomarara repamoyo.
- Protein kinase inhibitor. Protein kinase inhibitor therapy inovhara mapuroteni anodiwa kukura kwesero uye anogona kuuraya maseru ekenza. Dabrafenib uye trametinib zvinoshandiswa kurapa anaplastic cancer yekenza mune varwere vane imwe shanduko mubraf gene.
Ona Mishonga Inotenderwa yeTiroid Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Kurinda kumirira
Kurindira kumirira kuri kunyatsoongorora mamiriro emurwere pasina kupa chero kurapwa kusvikira zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa kana kuchinja.
Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana biologic therapy. Immunotherapy iri kuongororwa senzira yekurapa kenza yehutachiona.
Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.
Kurapa kwekenza yehutachiona kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.
Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.
Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.
Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.
Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.
Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.
Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.
Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.
Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.
Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.
Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.
Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.
Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho
Muchikamu chino
- Matanho I, II, uye III Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Yemunharaunda / Yenharaunda)
- Stage IV Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Metastatic)
- Dzokororo Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer
- Cancer yeMedullary Kenza
- Anaplastic Thyroid Kenza
Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.
Matanho I, II, uye III Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Yemunharaunda / Yenharaunda)
Kurapa kwechitsauko I (mudiki pane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu, makore makumi mashanu nemashanu zvichikwira), nhanho yechipiri (pasi pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu; makore makumi mashanu nemashanu zvichikwira), uye nhanho III papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kuvhiya (thyroidectomy kana lobectomy).
- Radioactive iodine kurapa.
- Hormone Therapy yekudzivirira muviri kubva mukugadzira thyroid-inosimudzira mahormone (TSH).
- External radiation kurapwa.
Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.
Stage IV Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer (Metastatic)
Kana kenza yapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri, senge mapapu uye pfupa, kurapwa kazhinji hakurape gomarara, asi kunogona kubvisa zviratidzo nekuvandudza hupenyu. Kurapa kwedanho IV papillary uye follicular cancer yekenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Kune mamota anotora ayodini
- Yakazara thyroidectomy.
- Radioactive iodine kurapa.
- Hormone Therapy yekudzivirira muviri kubva mukugadzira thyroid-inosimudzira mahormone (TSH).
Kune mamota asingatore ayodini
- Yakazara thyroidectomy.
- Hormone Therapy yekudzivirira muviri kubva mukugadzira thyroid-inosimudzira mahormone (TSH).
- Targeted Therapy ine tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib kana lenvatinib).
- Kuvhiya kubvisa gomarara kubva munzvimbo dzarakapararira.
- Kunze-beam radiation radiation.
- Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.
- Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechirwere chakanangwa.
- Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweyemunotherapy.
Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.
Dzokororo Papillary uye Follicular Thyroid Cancer
Kurapa kwechirwere chepillary chinowanzoitika papillary uye follicular kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu riine kana isina radioactive iodine therapy.
- Radioactive iodine therapy apo kenza inogona kuwanikwa chete nehutachiona scan uye haigone kunzwikwa panguva yekuongorora kwemuviri.
- Targeted Therapy ine tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib kana lenvatinib).
- Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapwa kana intraoperative radiation kurapwa senge palliative kurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.
- Chemotherapy.
- Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechirwere chakanangwa.
- Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweyemunotherapy.
Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.
Cancer yeMedullary Kenza
Yakanowanikwa medullary yegomarara kenza iri muhutachiona chete uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune mhasuru dziri padhuze. Mukaka wepamberi uye metastatic cancer yegomarara yakapararira kune mamwe mativi emutsipa kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
Kurapa kwekenza medullary kenza yehutachiona inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Yakazara thyroidectomy kana kenza isina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Lymph node padyo nekenza inobviswa zvakare.
- Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapwa kwevarwere vane gomarara rakadzokazve mutachiona.
Kurapa kwekanzu yepamusoro / metastatic medullary cancer yekenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa ne tyrosine kinase inhibitor (vandetanib kana cabozantinib) yekenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
- Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwevarwere vane kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
Radioactive iodine therapy haina kushandiswa kurapa medullary cancer kenza.
Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.
Anaplastic Thyroid Kenza
Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Yakazara thyroidectomy senge palliative kurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwevarwere vane kenza iri mukati kana padyo neiyo thyroid.
- Tracheostomy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.
- External radiation kurapwa.
- Chemotherapy.
- Targeted Therapy neprotein kinase inhibitors (dabrafenib uye trametinib) yevarwere vane kumwe kuchinjika muBRAF gene.
Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.
Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Thyroid Cancer
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezvegomarara rekenza, ona zvinotevera:
- Utachiona hweCancer Homeji Peji
- Wechidiki Utachiona hweCancer Kurapa
- Mishonga Inotenderwa YeTienza Cancer
- Targeted Cancer Therapies
- Kuongorora kweGenetic kweiyo Yakagara nhaka Kenza Kufungira Syndromes
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:
- Nezve Kenza
- Stage
- Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza
- Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza
- Kurarama neCancer
- Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer
- Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira
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