Mhando / testicular / murwere / testicular-kurapwa-pdq

Testicular Cancer Kurapa Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Testicular Kenza

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Gomarara repapachirwere chirwere chine maseru (gomarara) akaipisisa anoumba munyama imwe kana maviri machende.

• Nhoroondo yehutano inogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yemachende.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara repamazamu zvinosanganisira kuzvimba kana kusagadzikana muganda.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora machende neropa kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (tsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara repatumbu.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

• Kurapa kwecancer testicular kunogona kukonzera kushaya mbereko.

Gomarara repapachirwere chirwere chine maseru (gomarara) akaipisisa anoumba munyama imwe kana maviri machende.

Iwo machende ari maviri maseru akaumbika ezai ari mukati mechirume (saga reganda rakasununguka rakarara rakananga pazasi pepenhengo). Iwo machende anobatwa mukati mechikwambo netambo yespermatic, iyo zvakare ine vas deferens nemidziyo uye tsinga dzemachende.

Anatomy yehurume yekubereka uye yehurongwa masisitimu, inoratidza machende, prostate, dundira, uye dzimwe nhengo.

Iwo machende ndiwo maronda epabonde echirume uye anogadzira testosterone uye urume. Makemikari masero ari mukati memachende anoburitsa urume husina kukura hunofamba nepakati peti tubules (madiki machubhu) uye machubhu mahombe kupinda muepididymis (chubhu refu yakamonerwa padivi pemachende) uko urume hunokura uye hunochengetwa.

Anenge ese cancer testicular anotanga mumasero ehutachiona. Iyo miviri mikuru mhando ye testicular germ cell tumors ndiwo maseminoma uye nonseminomas. Aya marudzi maviri anokura uye anopararira zvakasiyana uye anorapwa zvakasiyana. Nonseminomas inowanzo kukura nekupararira nekukurumidza kupfuura masemina. Seminomas anonyanya kutarisisa nemwaranzi. Bundu repamuviri rine ese maseminoma uye nonseminoma maseru anorapwa senonseminoma.

Gomarara repachirwere ndiro gomarara rakajairika kuvarume vane makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu ekuberekwa.

Nhoroondo yehutano inogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yemachende.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi. Njodzi zvinhu zvecancer testicular dzinosanganisira:

• Kuve neyakange isingadiwe testicle.

• Kuve nekuve nekukura kwakasarudzika kwemachende.

• Kuve neyako nhoroondo yekenza yemachende.

• Kuva nenhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemachende (kunyanya kuna baba kana mukoma).

• Kuva chena.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara repamazamu zvinosanganisira kuzvimba kana kusagadzikana muganda.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa negomarara repamazamu kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Bundu risingarwadzi kana kuzvimba mune chero testicle.

• Shanduko mune iyo testicle inonzwa sei.

• Kurwadziwa mukati mezasi dumbu kana kugomera.

• Kamwe kamwe-kamwe kuvaka kwemvura mune chikanda.

• Marwadzo kana kusagadzikana mune testicle kana muchibereko.

Kuyedza kunoongorora machende neropa kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (tsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara repatumbu.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Iwo machende anozoongororwa kuongorora mabundu, kuzvimba, kana kurwadziwa. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Ultrasound bvunzo yemayeseti: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati nyama kana nhengo uye kuita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram.

• Serum tumor marker bvunzo: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo, nyama, kana tumarara masero mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosunganidzwa kune chaiwo marudzi ekenza kana akawanikwa mune akawedzera mwero muropa. Aya anonzi mamarara mamark. Aya anotevera mamaki mamaki anoshandiswa kuona cancer testicular:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-yevanhu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

Tumor marker mazinga anoyerwa pamberi peiyouinal orchiectomy uye biopsy, kubatsira kuongorora chirwere chekenza.

• Inguinal orchiectomy: Maitiro ekubvisa iro chese testicle kuburikidza nekukanganisa muguyo. Muenzaniso wetishu kubva mudundundu unobva watariswa pasi pe microscope kutarisa masero ekenza. (Chiremba anovhiya haadimburi chikanda muchibereko kuti abvise sampuro yetissu yebiopsy, nekuti kana gomarara riripo, maitiro aya anogona kuita kuti ripararire muchikwama uye node dzemuviri. Zvakakosha kusarudza chiremba ane ruzivo nemhando iyi yekuvhiya.) Kana gomarara rikawanikwa, sero rudzi (seminoma kana nonseminoma) rinotemerwa kuitira kubatsira kuronga kurapwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu chegomarara (ringave riri mukati kana padyo netende kana rapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri, uye mwero yeropa yeAFP, β-hCG, uye LDH).

• Rudzi rwecancer.

• Kukura kwebundu.

• Nhamba uye saizi yeti retroperitoneal lymph node.

Chirwere chechipupuriro chinogona kupora mune varwere vanogamuchira adjuvant chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekurapwa kwavo kwekutanga.

Kurapa kwecancer testicular kunogona kukonzera kushaya mbereko.

Mimwe mishonga yekurapa cancer inogona kukonzera kushaya mbereko kunogona kugara zvachose. Varwere vangangoshuvira kuve nevana vanofanirwa kufunga nezve sperm banking vasati varapwa. Sperm banking ndiyo nzira yekutonhodza urume uye kuichengetera kuti ishandiswe gare gare.

Nhanho dzeChipupuriro Kenza

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekuonekwa kuti gomarara repatumbu, kuongororwa kunoitwa kutsvaga kuti masero egomarara apararira mukati memachende here kana kune mamwe mativi emuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Inguinal orchiectomy inoitwa kuti uzive nhanho yechirwere.

• Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune testicular cancer.

• Chikamu 0

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

Mushure mekuonekwa kuti gomarara repatumbu, kuongororwa kunoitwa kutsvaga kuti masero egomarara apararira mukati memachende here kana kune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati memachende kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge dumbu, rakatorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge dumbu. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Abdominal lymph node dissection: Maitiro ekuvhiya umo lymph nodes mudumbu inobviswa uye sampuro yetishu inotariswa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara. Iyi nzira inonziwo lymphadenectomy. Kune varwere vane nonseminoma, kubvisa lymph node kunogona kubatsira kumisa kupararira kwechirwere. Cancer masero ari mune ma lymph node eeminoma varwere vanogona kurapwa ne radiation radiation.

• Serum tumor marker bvunzo: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo, nyama, kana tumarara masero mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosunganidzwa kune chaiwo marudzi ekenza kana akawanikwa mune akawedzera mwero muropa. Aya anonzi mamarara mamark. Aya anotevera matatu mamakisi anoshandiswa mukuratidzira cancer yekenza.

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Beta-yevanhu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Tumor marker mazinga anoyerwa zvakare, mushure meiyo inguinal orchiectomy uye biopsy, kuitira kuti uone danho rekenza. Izvi zvinobatsira kuratidza kana gomarara rese rakabviswa kana kuti kurapa kwakawanda kuri kudikanwa. Tumor marker nhanho dzinoyerwawo panguva yekutevera senzira yekutarisa kana gomarara radzoka.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana cancer testicular ikapararira ichienda kumapapu, masero emukenza ari mumapapu ndiwo masero emukondombera chaiwo. Hosha iyi metastatic testicular cancer, kwete yemapapu cancer.

Inguinal orchiectomy inoitwa kuti uzive nhanho yechirwere.

Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune testicular cancer.

Chikamu 0

Muchikamu che0, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune tubules tudiki uko masero emurume anotanga kukura. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa. Stage 0 inonzi zvakare germ cell neoplasia in situ.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga, kenza yakaumbwa. Chikamu I chakakamurwa muzvikamu IA, IB, uye IS.

• Muchikamu IA, gomarara rinowanikwa mune testicle, kusanganisira rete testis, asi harina kupararira kumitsipa yeropa kana emidziyo ye lymph mune testicle.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa.

• Muchikamu IB, kenza:

• inowanikwa mukati mechipupuriro, kusanganisira rete testis, uye yakapararira kumitsipa yeropa kana lymph lymph mumutsetse; kana

• yakapararira mukati mehilar soft tishu (tishu rakagadzirwa nefibisi uye mafuta ane tsinga dzeropa nemidziyo ye lymph), iyo epididymis, kana iyo yekunze membranes yakakomberedza testicle; kana

• yakapararira kune tambo yemurume; kana

• yakapararira kuchikanda.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa.

• Muchikamu IS, gomarara rinowanikwa chero mune testicle uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mukati meshinda netambo.

Tumor marker mazinga anotangira pane zvishoma pamusoro peyakajairwa kusvika pakakwirira.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Chikamu II

Chikamu chechipiri chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIA, IIB, uye IIC.

• Muchikamu IIA, gomarara rinowanikwa chero munzvimbo yechipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mutambo wespermatic kana scrotum. Gomarara rapararira kusvika kune mashanu kusvika kumashanu ma lymph node uye ma lymph node ari 2 masentimita kana madiki.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa kana zvishoma zvishoma pane zvakajairwa.

• Muchikamu IIB, gomarara rinowanikwa chero munzvimbo yechipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mumutsipa wespermatic kana scrotum. Kenza yapararira ku:

• 1 lymph node iri padyo uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika 2 masentimita asi isina kukura kupfuura masendimita mashanu; kana

• anopfuura mashanu edzimba dzemukati uye ma "lymph node" haana kukura kupfuura masendimita mashanu; kana

• lymph node iri padyo uye gomarara rapararira kunze kweiyo lymph node.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa kana zvishoma zvishoma pane zvakajairwa.

• Muchikamu cheIIC, gomarara rinowanikwa chero munzvimbo yechipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mutambo wespermatic kana scrotum. Kenza yakapararira kune lymph node iri padyo uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika masendimita mashanu.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa kana zvishoma zvishoma pane zvakajairwa.

Chikamu chechitatu

Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIA, IIIB, uye IIIC.

• Muchikamu IIIA, gomarara rinowanikwa chero mune testicle uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mukati meshinda netambo. Kanzera inogona kunge yakapararira kune imwe kana kupfuura ma lymph node. Gomarara rapararira kune lymph node dziri kure kana kumapapu.

Ese mamark marker mazinga akajairwa kana zvishoma zvishoma pane zvakajairwa.

• Muchikamu IIIB, gomarara rinowanikwa chero muchipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira tambo yespermatic kana scrotum. Kenza yapararira:

• kune imwe kana anopfuura pedyo node uye haana kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri; kana

• kune imwe kana kupfuura pedyo node. Gomarara rapararira kune lymph node dziri kure kana kumapapu.

Iyo nhanho yeimwe kana anopfuura mamota mamaki ari zvine mwero pamusoro peyakajairwa.

• Muchikamu IIIC, gomarara rinowanikwa chero munzvimbo yechipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mumutsipa wespermatic kana scrotum. Kenza yapararira:

• kune imwe kana anopfuura pedyo node uye haana kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri; kana

• kune imwe kana kupfuura pedyo node. Gomarara rapararira kune lymph node dziri kure kana kumapapu.

Iyo nhanho yeimwe kana anopfuura mamota mamaki akakwira.

kana

Gomarara rinowanikwa chero muchipupuriro uye rinogona kunge rakapararira mukati meshinda netambo kana mhezi. Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" kana mapapu ari kure, asi rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, dzakadai sechiropa kana pfupa.

Tumor marker mazinga anogona kutangira kubva pane zvakajairwa kusvika kumusoro.

Kakawanda Testicular Cancer

Gomarara repata testicular igomarara rakadzokazve (radzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka makore mazhinji mushure mekenza yekutanga, mune imwe testicle kana mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwevarwere vane testicular cancer.

• Mamota echipupuriro akapatsanurwa kuita mapoka matatu, zvichibva nekuti mamota anotarisirwa kupindura sei pakurapwa.

• Kufungidzira Kwakanaka

• Kufungidzira Pakati

• Kufungidzira Kwakashata

• Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Kuongorora

• Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell yekuisa

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Kurapa kwecancer testicular kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwevarwere vane testicular cancer.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune varwere vane gomarara repata. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mamota echipupuriro akapatsanurwa kuita mapoka matatu, zvichibva nekuti mamota anotarisirwa kupindura sei pakurapwa.

Kufungidzira Kwakanaka

Nezve nonseminoma, zvese zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuve zvechokwadi:

• Bundu rinowanikwa chete mune testicle kana mu retroperitoneum (nzvimbo yekunze kana kuseri kwemadziro edumbu); uye

• Bundu harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo kunze kwemapapu; uye

• Iwo mazinga eese mamota mamaki ari zvishoma pamusoro peyakajairwa.

Zve seminoma, zvese zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuve zvechokwadi:

• Bundu harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo kunze kwemapapu; uye

• Chiyero cheAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) chakajairika. Beta-yemunhu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) uye lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inogona kunge iri chero nhanho.

• Kufungidzira Pakati

Nezve nonseminoma, zvese zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuve zvechokwadi:

• Bundu rinowanikwa mune imwe testicle chete kana mu retroperitoneum (nzvimbo yekunze kana kuseri kwemadziro edumbu); uye

• Bundu harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo kunze kwemapapu; uye

• Iyo nhanho yechero ipi yemamota mamaki inopfuura zvishoma zvishoma pane zvakajairwa.

Zve seminoma, zvese zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuve zvechokwadi:

• Bundu rakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo kunze kwemapapu; uye

• Iyo nhanho yeAFP yakajairwa. β-hCG uye LDH inogona kunge iri chero nhanho.

Kufungidzira Kwakashata

Nezve nonseminoma, chimwe chete chinotevera chinofanira kunge chiri chokwadi:

• Bundu iri riri pakati pechipfuva pakati pemapapu; kana

• Bundu rakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo kunze kwemapapu; kana

• Iyo nhanho yechero ipi yemamota mamaki yakakwira.

Iko hakuna kushomeka kwekufungidzira kuunganidza seminoma testicular tumors.

Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo testicle (inguinal orchiectomy) uye mamwe emamota node anogona kuitwa pakuongororwa uye staging. (Ona iyo General Ruzivo uye Matanho zvikamu zveichi chidimbu.) Mamota akapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri anogona kuve chikamu kana kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. External radiation therapy inoshandiswa kurapa cancer testicular.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekumisa maseru kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy). Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa.

Maona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa zveChipupuriro Gomarara kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Kuongorora

Kuongorora kuri padhuze kutevera mamiriro emurwere pasina kupa chero kurapwa kunze kwekunge paine shanduko mune bvunzo mhedzisiro. Iyo inoshandiswa kuwana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuti cancer yakadzoka (dzoka). Mukutarisa, varwere vanopihwa mimwe bvunzo uye bvunzo pane yakajairwa nguva.

Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell yekuisa

Yakakwira madosi ekemotherapy anopiwa kuuraya cancer maseru. Masero ane hutano, kusanganisira masero anogadzira ropa, anoparadzwa nekenza kurapwa. Stem cell transplant kurapwa kwekutsiva maseru anogadzira ropa. Masero emashizha (masero eropa asina kusimba) anobviswa muropa kana mwongo wemapfupa emurwere kana mupi uye anoomeswa nechando. Mushure mekunge murwere apedza chemotherapy, maseru akachengetwa anonyungudutswa uye ndokudzoserwa kumurwere kuburikidza nekumukiswa. Aya akadzikiswa maseru emadzinde anokura kuita (uye kudzoreredza) masero eropa emuviri.

Maona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa zveChipupuriro Gomarara kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Stem cell kuisirwa. (Nhanho 1): Ropa rinotorwa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rweanopa. Murwere kana mumwe munhu angave ari mupi. Ropa rinoyerera nemuchina unobvisa masero emadzinde. Ipapo iro ropa rinodzoserwa kune anenge apa kuburikidza netsinga iri mune rumwe ruoko. (Nhanho 2): Murwere anogamuchira chemotherapy kuuraya masero anogadzira ropa. Murwere anogona kupihwa radiation radiation (isina kuratidzwa). (Nhanho 3): Murwere anogamuchira masero emadzinde kuburikidza nekateti yakaiswa mumudziyo weropa muchipfuva.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Kurapa kwecancer testicular kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Varume vane gomarara repatenda vane njodzi yakawedzera yekuva nekenza mune imwe testicle. Murwere anorayirwa kuti agare achiongorora rimwe testicle nekumhan'arira chero zviratidzo zvisina kujairika kuna chiremba ipapo ipapo.

Yenguva refu-kliniki bvunzo dzakakosha kwazvo. Murwere anogona kunge achiongororwa kakawanda mukati megore rekutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kashoma kazhinji mushure meizvozvo.

Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho

Muchikamu chino

• Chikamu 0 (Testicular Intraepithelial Neoplasia)

• Stage I Testicular Kenza

• Chikamu chechipiri cheCancer test

• Chikamu chechitatu cheCancer test

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Chikamu 0 (Testicular Intraepithelial Neoplasia)

Kurapa kwedanho 0 kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

• Kuongorora.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Stage I Testicular Kenza

Kurapa kwedanho I testicular kenza kunoenderana nekuti kenza iyi iseminoma kana nonseminoma.

Kurapa kweseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle, kuchiteverwa nekutarisa.

• Kune varwere vanoda kurapwa kunoshanda pane kuongororwa, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle, ichiteverwa nekemotherapy.

Kurapa kwe nonseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo testicle, iine yakareba-nguva yekutevera.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle uye lymph node mudumbu, iine yakareba-nguva yekutevera.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemotherapy kune varwere vari panjodzi huru yekudzokazve, pamwe nekutevera kwenguva refu.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu chechipiri cheCancer test

Kurapa kwechikamu chechipiri chegomarara testicular kunoenderana nekuti gomarara iri seminoma kana nonseminoma.

Kurapa kweseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kana bundu iri masentimita mashanu kana madiki:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo testicle, ichiteverwa nemwaranzi kurapwa kune lymph node mudumbu uye chiuno.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle uye lymph node mudumbu.

• Kana bundu racho rakakura kudarika masendimita mashanu:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo testicle, inoteverwa nekubatanidzwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation kune lymph node mudumbu uye pelvis, iine kwenguva refu yekutevera.

Kurapa kwe nonseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo testicle uye lymph node, iine yakareba-nguva yekutevera.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle uye lymph node, inoteverwa nekubatanidzwa chemotherapy uye yekutevera-kwenguva refu.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle, kuchiteverwa nekubatanidzwa chemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa kwechipiri kana gomarara riripo, nekutevera kwenguva refu.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kubvisa testicle, yekenza yakapararira uye inofungidzirwa kunge iri kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu chechitatu cheCancer test

Kurapa kwechikamu chechitatu chegomarara testicular kunoenderana nekuti kenza iri seminoma kana nonseminoma.

Kurapa kweseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle, kuchiteverwa nekubatanidzwa chemotherapy. Kana paine mamota akasara mushure memakemikari, kurapwa kunogona kuve kweanotevera:

• Kuongororwa pasina kurapwa kunze kwekunge mamota akura.

• Kuongororwa kwemamota madiki pane masendimita matatu uye kuvhiya kubvisa mamota akakura kupfuura masendimita matatu.

• PET inoongorora mwedzi miviri mushure memakemikari uye kuvhiyiwa kubvisa mamota anoratidza nekenza pane scan.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Kurapa kwe nonseminoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa testicle, kuchiteverwa nekubatanidzwa chemotherapy.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kunoteverwa nekuvhiya kubvisa testicle uye mamwe ese mamota. Kuwedzera chemotherapy kunogona kupihwa kana bundu remuviri rikabviswa rine masero ekenza ari kukura kana kana bvunzo dzekutevera dzichiratidza kuti gomarara riri kufambira mberi.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kubvisa testicle, yekenza yakapararira uye inofungidzirwa kunge iri kutyisidzira hupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeRecurrent Testicular Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwecancer testicular kunoitika kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy.

• Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy uye stem cell yekuisa.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa kenza ine kana:

• dzoka anopfuura makore maviri mushure mekuregererwa kwakakwana; kana

• dzoka munzvimbo imwe chete uye haupindure kune chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwerapi itsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve testicular Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve cancer testicular, ona zvinotevera:

• Testicular Cancer Kumba Peji

• Ongororo yeKenza Kuongorora

• Mishonga Inotenderwa YeChipupuriro Gomarara

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira