Types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq

Retinoblastoma Kurapa Shanduro

General Ruzivo nezveRetinoblastoma

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Retinoblastoma chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu eitina.

• Retinoblastoma inowanikwa mune inokodzera uye isingagare nhaka mafomu.

• Kurapa kwemaviri mafomu e retinoblastoma kunofanirwa kusanganisira kuraira kwemajini.

• Vana vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye retinoblastoma vanofanirwa kuve nemeso bvunzo kuti vatarise retinoblastoma.

• Mwana ane retinoblastoma inokosheswa ane njodzi yakawedzera yetrilateral retinoblastoma nemamwe makenza.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve retinoblastoma zvinosanganisira "chena mudzidzi" uye kurwadziwa kweziso kana kutsvuka.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora iyo retina kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora retinoblastoma.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Retinoblastoma chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu eitina.

Iyo retina ndiyo tsinga yetsinga inoisa mukati mekuseri kweziso. Iyo retina inonzwa kupenya uye inotumira mifananidzo kuuropi nenzira yeiyo optic nerve.

Anatomy yeziso, inoratidza yekunze uye mukati meziso kusanganisira iyo sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary muviri, choroid, retina, vitreous humor, uye optic nerve. Iyo vitreous kuseka ijeli inozadza pakati peziso.

Kunyangwe retinoblastoma inogona kuitika chero pazera, inoitika kazhinji muvana vadiki pane makore maviri. Kenza inogona kunge iri mune rimwe ziso (unilateral) kana mumaziso ese (bilateral). Retinoblastoma haigari ichipararira kubva paziso kuenda kumaturu ari pedyo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Cavitary retinoblastoma rudzi rwusingawanzo rwe retinoblastoma umo mhango (nzvimbo dzine mhango) dzinoumba mukati mehosha.

Retinoblastoma inowanikwa mune inokodzera uye isingagare nhaka mafomu.

Mwana anofungidzirwa kuva nehunhu hunogadziriswa hwe retinoblastoma kana chimwe cheanotevera chiri chechokwadi:

• Iko kune nhoroondo yemhuri ye retinoblastoma.

• Iko kune kumwe kuchinjika (shanduko) muRB1 geni. Iko kuchinjika muRB1 geni kunogona kupfuudzwa kubva kumubereki kuenda kumwana kana kunogona kuitika muzai kana urume usati wabata pamuviri kana munguva pfupi mushure mekubata.

• Kune inopfuura kamwe bundu muziso kana pane bundu mumaziso ese.

• Kune bundu mune rimwe ziso uye mwana ari mudiki pane gore rimwe.

Mushure mekurapa retinoblastoma yaonekwa uye ikarapwa, mamota matsva anogona kuramba achiumbwa kwemakore mashoma. Kugara uchiongorora maziso kutarisa mamota matsva kunowanzoitwa pamwedzi miviri kusvika mina kwemwedzi ingangosvika makumi maviri nemasere.

Isingagone kuwanikwa retinoblastoma ndeye retinoblastoma iyo isiri iyo inogamuchirwa fomu. Mazhinji kesi dze retinoblastoma ndiyo isingagare nhaka fomu.

Kurapa kwemaviri mafomu e retinoblastoma kunofanirwa kusanganisira kuraira kwemajini.

Vabereki vanofanirwa kupihwa kuraira kwemajini (hurukuro nehunyanzvi hwakadzidziswa nezve njodzi yezvirwere zvechibereko) kuti vakurukure kuongororwa kwemajini kutarisa shanduko (shanduko) muRB1 geni. Kurairidzwa kweGenetic zvakare kunosanganisira kukurukurirana nezvengozi ye retinoblastoma kumwana uye hama kana hanzvadzi dzemwana.

Vana vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye retinoblastoma vanofanirwa kuve nemeso bvunzo kuti vatarise retinoblastoma.

Mwana ane nhoroondo yemhuri ye retinoblastoma anofanirwa kunge aine bvunzo dzemaziso nguva dzose kutanga pakutanga kwehupenyu kuti atarise retinoblastoma, kunze kwekunge zvichizivikanwa kuti mwana haana RB1 geni shanduko. Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwe retinoblastoma kunogona kureva kuti mwana anoda kurapwa kwakanyanya.

Vakoma kana vanin'ina vemwana vane retinoblastoma vanofanirwa kugara vachiongororwa maziso nachiremba wepamoyo kusvika pazera remakore matatu kusvika mashanu, kunze kwekunge zvichizivikanwa kuti hama kana hanzvadzi haina RB1 geni shanduko.

Mwana ane retinoblastoma inokosheswa ane njodzi yakawedzera yetrilateral retinoblastoma nemamwe makenza.

Mwana ane retinoblastoma inokosheswa ane njodzi yakawedzera yechirwere chepineal muuropi. Kana retinoblastoma uye bundu rehuropi zvikaitika panguva imwe chete, inonzi inonzi trinobatinal retinoblastoma. Bundu repfungwa rinowanzoonekwa pakati pemwedzi makumi maviri nemakumi matatu ezera. Kugara uchiongorora uchishandisa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) inogona kuitirwa mwana anofungidzirwa kuti ane nhaka retinoblastoma kana kumwana ane retinoblastoma mune rimwe ziso uye nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere. CT (macomputer tomography) zviyero zvinowanzo zvisinga shandisirwe kuongororwa kwemazuva ese kuitira kuti zvidzivise kuisa mwana ku radiation radiation.

Herinobata retinoblastoma inowedzerawo njodzi yemwana yemamwe marudzi ekenza senge kenza yemapapu, gomarara redundira, kana melanoma mumakore anotevera. Kugara uchitevera-bvunzo kwakakosha.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve retinoblastoma zvinosanganisira "chena mudzidzi" uye kurwadziwa kweziso kana kutsvuka.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa ne retinoblastoma kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba kana mwana wako aine chero chinotevera:

• Mwana weziso anooneka akachena pane mutsvuku kana mwenje uchipenya mariri. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo inopenya yemwana.

• Maziso anoita kunge ari kutarisa nenzira dzakasiyana (ziso rehusimbe).

• Marwadzo kana kutsvuka muziso.

• Utachiona hwakakomberedza ziso.

• Ziso reziso rakakura kupfuura zvakajairwa.

• Rakajeka chikamu cheziso uye mudzidzi anotaridzika kuva nemakore.

Kuyedza kunoongorora iyo retina kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora retinoblastoma.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo. Chiremba anozobvunza kana paine nhoroondo yemhuri ye retinoblastoma.

• Kuongorora kwemaziso nemudzidzi akakwenenzverwa: Kuongororwa kweziso iro mudzidzi akawedzeredzwa (kuvhurwa zvakafara) nemishonga inodonhedza ziso kubvumidza chiremba kuti atarise kuburikidza nelenzi uye mudzidzi kune iro retina. Mukati meziso, kusanganisira iro retina uye tsinga yemaziso, inoongororwa nechiedza. Zvichienderana nezera remwana, bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwa pasi peanesthesia.

Kune akatiwandei bvunzo dzemaziso dzinoitwa nemudzidzi akawedzeredzwa:

• Ophthalmoscopy: Kuongorora kwemukati mekuseri kweziso kutarisa iro retina uye tsinga yemaziso uchishandisa diki inokudza lenzi uye mwenje.

• Yakatsemura-mwenje biomicroscopy: Kuongorora kwemukati meziso kutarisa iyo retina, optic nerve, uye zvimwe zvikamu zveziso uchishandisa danda rakasimba rechiedza uye microscope.

• Fluorescein angiography: Maitiro ekutarisa mitsipa yeropa uye kuyerera kweropa mukati meziso. Dhayi yeorenji fluorescent inonzi fluorescein inorowa mumutsipa weropa paruoko uye unopinda muropa. Sezvo dhayi ichifamba nemidzi yeropa yeziso, kamera yakakosha inotora mifananidzo yeiyo retina uye choroid kutsvaga chero tsinga dzeropa dzakavharwa kana kubuda.

• RB1 gene bvunzo: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo muyedzo weropa kana munyama unoedzwa shanduko muRB1 geni.

• Ultrasound bvunzo yeziso: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati matema eziso kuita maungira. Madonhwe eziso anoshandiswa kudzikamisa ziso uye chiongorori chidiki chinotumira uye chinogashira mafungu ezwi chinoiswa zvinyoro nyoro pamusoro peziso. Iwo maececes anoita mufananidzo wezve mukati ziso uye chinhambwe kubva kukona kusvika kune retina kuyerwa. Iyo pikicha, inonzi sonogram, inoratidza pachiratidziro cheiyo ultrasound yekutarisa. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge ziso. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge ziso, rakatorwa kubva pakona dzakasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scan yemusoro nemutsipa. Mwana akarara patafura inotsvedza kuburikidza neCT scanner, iyo inotora x-ray mifananidzo yemukati memusoro nemutsipa.

Retinoblastoma inowanzoonekwa isina biopsy.

Kana retinoblastoma iri mune rimwe ziso, dzimwe nguva inoumba mune rimwe ziso. Bvunzo dzeziso risina kubatika dzinoitwa kudzamara zvazivikanwa kana iyo retinoblastoma iri fomu rinogamuchirwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Kunyangwe kenza iri mune rimwe kana maviri maziso.

• Kukura uye nhamba yemamota.

• Kunyangwe bundu rakapararira kunzvimbo yakatenderedza ziso, kuuropi, kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Kunyangwe paine zviratidzo panguva yekuongororwa, yetrilateral retinoblastoma.

• Zera remwana.

• Zvingangodaro sei kuti chiratidzo chinogona kuponeswa mune rimwe kana ese maziso.

• Kunyangwe rwechipiri rudzi rwekenza rwakaumbwa.

Matanho eRetinoblastoma

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mokunge retinoblastoma yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati meziso kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Sangano reInternational Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira retinoblastoma.

• Chikamu 0

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Kurapa kwe retinoblastoma kunoenderana nekuti ndeye intraocular (mukati meziso) kana yakawedzera (kunze kweziso).

• Intraocular retinoblastoma

• Yakawedzera retinoblastoma (metastatic)

Mushure mokunge retinoblastoma yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati meziso kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati meziso kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva pakuita staging rinotarisa kana retinoblastoma iri muziso chete (intraocular) kana yakapararira kunze kweziso (extraocular). Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Mhedzisiro yemiyedzo inoshandiswa kuongorora gomarara inowanzo shandiswa kuratidza chirwere. (Ona iyo Ruzivo Ruzhinji chikamu.)

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa ane cancer uye inoonekwa neye scanner iyo zvakare inotora mufananidzo wemuviri. Nzvimbo dzepfupa nekenza dzinoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti dzinotora zvinhu zvine mwaranzi yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru emapfupa.

Bone scan. Chinhu chidiki che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga yemwana uye chinofamba kuburikidza neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa. Sezvo mwana akarara patafura inotsvedza pasi pe scanner, izvo zvine radioactive zvinoonekwa uye mifananidzo inogadzirwa pakombuta.

• Bone marrow aspiration uye biopsy: Kubviswa kwemongo wepfupa uye chidimbu chefupa nekuisa tsono isina mhango muhudyu kana pfupa rechipfuva. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona mwongo wepfupa pasi pe microscope kutsvaga zviratidzo zvecancer. Kupfupa kwemongo wemapfupa uye biopsy inoitwa kana chiremba achifunga kuti gomarara rapararira kunze kweziso.

• Lumbar puncture: Maitiro anoshandiswa kutora cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kubva pamutsipa wepelinha. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuisa tsono pakati pemabhonzo maviri mumuzongoza nekupinda muCSF yakakomberedza musana uye kubvisa sampu yemvura. Muenzaniso weCSF unotariswa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvekuti gomarara rapararira kuuropi uye musana. Maitiro aya anonzi zvakare LP kana musana tap.

Sangano reInternational Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira retinoblastoma.

Kune akatiwandei masisitimu masisitimu eretinoblastoma. Matanho e IRSS anoenderana nekuti gomarara rasara zvakadii mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu uye kuti gomarara rapararira here.

Chikamu 0

Bundu riri muziso chete. Ziso harina kubviswa uye bundu rakarapwa pasina kuvhiyiwa.

Chikamu I

Bundu riri muziso chete. Ziso rakabviswa uye hapana masero ekenza anoramba aripo.

Chikamu II

Bundu riri muziso chete. Ziso rakabviswa uye kune masero egomarara akasara ayo anogona kungoonekwa nemicroscope chete.

Chikamu chechitatu

Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIa uye IIIb:

• Muchikamu chechitatu IIIa, gomarara rakapararira kubva kuziso kusvika kumatishu akakomberedza ziso reso.

• Muchikamu chechitatu IIIb, kenza yakapararira kubva paziso kuenda kune lymph node padyo nenzeve kana mumutsipa.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVa uye IVb:

• Muchikamu IVa, gomarara rapararira muropa asi kwete kuuropi kana musana. Rimwe kana mamwe mamota anogona kunge akapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri senge bone kana chiropa.

• Muchikamu IVb, cancer yakapararira kuuropi kana musana. Iyo inogona zvakare kunge yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana retinoblastoma ikapararira kufupa, masero ekenza ari mupfupa ari masero e-retinoblastoma. Hosha iyi metastatic retinoblastoma, kwete gomarara repfupa.

Kurapa kwe retinoblastoma kunoenderana nekuti ndeye intraocular (mukati meziso) kana yakawedzera (kunze kweziso).

Intraocular retinoblastoma

Mune intraocular retinoblastoma, kenza inowanikwa mune rimwe kana ese maziso uye inogona kunge iri muitina chete kana inogona kunge iri mune mamwe mativi eziso senge choroid, ciliary muviri, kana chikamu cheiyo optic nerve. Gomarara harina kupararira kumatishu akakomberedza kunze kweziso kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Yakawedzera retinoblastoma (metastatic)

Mune extraocular retinoblastoma, kenza yakapararira kupfuura ziso. Inogona kuwanikwa mumatukisi akakomberedza ziso (orbital retinoblastoma) kana inogona kunge yakapararira kune yepakati tsinga system (huropi uye musana) kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvakaita sechiropa, mapfupa, mwongo wemapfupa, kana lymph node.

Inofambira mberi uye Inodzokorodza Retinoblastoma

Kufambira mberi retinoblastoma ndeye retinoblastoma iyo isingapindure pakurapwa. Pane kudaro, gomarara rinokura, rinopararira, kana kutowedzera.

Kudzokorora retinoblastoma kenza yakadzokazve (kudzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka muziso, mumatukisi akakomberedza ziso, kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane retinoblastoma.

• Vana vane retinoblastoma vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanoona nezvehutano vari nyanzvi pakurapa kenza muvana.

• Kurapa kweRelinoblastoma kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Mhando nhanhatu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Cryotherapy

• Thermotherapy

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation kurapa

• Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura

• Kuvhiya (enucleation)

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Targeted kurapwa

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane retinoblastoma.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune varwere vane retinoblastoma. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa.

Nekuti kenza muvana isingawanzo, kutora chikamu mukutongwa kwekiriniki kunofanirwa kutariswa. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Vana vane retinoblastoma vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanoona nezvehutano vari nyanzvi pakurapa kenza muvana.

Zvinangwa zvekurapa ndezvekuchengetedza hupenyu hwemwana, kuchengetedza kuona uye ziso, uye kudzivirira zvakakomba mhedzisiro. Kurapa kunozoonekwa nachiremba wevana oncologist, chiremba ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa vana vane gomarara. Vanachiremba oncologist vanoshanda nevamwe vanopa hutano vanove nyanzvi pakurapa vana vane gomarara remaziso uye vanoziva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemishonga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira chiremba wevana ophthalmologist (chiremba weziso revana) uyo ane ruzivo rwakawanda mukurapa retinoblastoma uye vanotevera vanachiremba:

• Chiremba wechiremba wechiremba.

• Radiation oncologist.

• Chiremba wevana.

• Mukoti wechiremba nyanzvi.

• Rehabilitation nyanzvi.

• Wezvemagariro.

• Geneticist kana chipangamazano.

Kurapa kweRelinoblastoma kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inotanga panguva yekurapa kenza, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kubva pakurapwa nekenza zvinotanga mushure mekurapwa uye kuenderera kwemwedzi kana makore zvinonzi kunonoka kuitika Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekurapa kwe retinoblastoma inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Zvinetso zvepanyama sekuona kana kunzwa matambudziko kana, kana ziso rakabviswa, shanduko muchimiro uye saizi yebhonzo rakakomberedza ziso.

• Shanduko mumanzwiro, manzwiro, kufunga, kudzidza, kana ndangariro.

• Gomarara repiri (mhando nyowani yekenza), senge mapapu nekenza yedundira, osteosarcoma, nyoro sarcoma, kana melanoma

Izvi zvinotevera njodzi zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuva neimwe cancer.

• Kuva nehunhu hunogoneka hwe retinoblastoma.

• Kurapa kwekare ne radiation radiation, kunyanya isati yasvika gore rimwe.

• Sezvo ndatova nekenza yechipiri yapfuura.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure navanachiremba vemwana wako nezve mhedzisiro yekurapwa nekenza kunogona kuve pamwana wako. Kugara uchiteverwa nevanoona nezvehutano avo vari nyanzvi pakuongorora nekurapa mhedzisiro mhedzisiro kwakakosha. Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peMagumo Ekurapa kweKenza Yevacheche kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Mhando nhanhatu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa chishandiso kutonhora uye kuparadza zvisina kujairika nyama. Mhando iyi yekurapa inonziwo cryosurgery.

Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy iko kushandiswa kwekupisa kuparadza cancer maseru. Thermotherapy inogona kupihwa uchishandisa laser beam inotungamirwa kuburikidza neakawedzera mudzidzi kana kuenda kunze kweziso reziso. Thermotherapy inogona kushandiswa yoga kumatota madiki kana kusanganiswa nekemotherapy yemamota akakura. Uku kurapwa kurudzi rwe laser therapy.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nedanho rekenza uye nekenza iri mumuviri.

Kune akasiyana marudzi emakemikari:

• Systemic chemotherapy: Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese. Systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzikisa bundu (chemoreduction) uye kudzivirira kuvhiyiwa kubvisa ziso. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, kumwe kurapa kunogona kusanganisira radiation radiation, cryotherapy, laser therapy, kana remunharaunda chemotherapy.

Systemic chemotherapy inogona zvakare kupihwa kuuraya chero maseru ekenza akasara mushure mekutanga kurapwa kana kune varwere vane retinoblastoma inoitika kunze kweziso. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekutanga kurapwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

• Regional chemotherapy: Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakananga mucerebrospinal fluid (intrathecal chemotherapy), nhengo (senge ziso), kana dumbu remuviri, mishonga inonyanya kukanganisa maseru ekenza munzvimbo idzodzo. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzedunhu chemotherapy dzinoshandiswa kurapa retinoblastoma.

• Ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy: Ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy inotakura anticancer zvinodhaka yakanangana neziso. Catheter inoiswa mune tsinga inotungamira kune ziso uye mushonga weanticancer unopihwa kuburikidza necatheter. Mushure mekunge mushonga wapihwa, chibharumu chidiki chinogona kuiswa mune arteri kuti chivharike uye chengetedza yakawanda yemushonga wecancer yakavharirwa padyo nebundu. Rudzi rwe chemotherapy runogona kupihwa sekutanga kurapwa kana bundu riri muziso chete kana kana bundu risina kupindura kune mamwe marudzi ekurapa. Ophthalmic arteri infusion chemotherapy inopihwa kunzvimbo dzakakosha dzerublastoma.

• Intravitreal chemotherapy: Intravitreal chemotherapy jekiseni remishonga inorwisa kenza yakanangana neiyo vitreous humor (jelly-kunge chinhu) mukati meziso. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa cancer yakapararira kune vitreous kuseka uye isina kupindura kurapwa kana kudzoka mushure mekurapwa.

Ona Mishonga Inotenderwa yeRetinoblastoma kune rumwe ruzivo.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• Kunze-beam radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa muchina kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza. Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Aya marudzi erapi radiation anosanganisira anotevera:

• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT imhando ye3-dimensional (3-D) yekunze radiation kurapwa iyo inoshandisa komputa kugadzira mifananidzo yehukuru uye chimiro chebundu. Matanda matete emwaranzi yemasimba akasiyana (simba) anovavarira bundu kubva pamakona mazhinji.

• Proton-beam radiation Therapy: Proton-beam kurapa rudzi rweakakwira-simba, ekunze radiation kurapwa. Mushini wekurapa nemwaranzi unovavarira nzizi dzemapurotoni (zvidiki, zvisingaonekwe, zvine mutsindo) mumasero ekenza kuvauraya.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza. Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa kwemwaranzi yemukati inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Plaque radiotherapy: Mbeu dzinotepfenyura dzakabatanidzwa kune rimwe divi re diski, inonzi danda, uye inoiswa yakananga kumadziro ekunze kweziso padyo nebundu. Rutivi rwebwe rine mbeu pariri rinotarisana neziso reziso, rinotarisa mwaranzi pabundu. Dombo racho rinobatsira kuchengetedza mamwe matissue ari pedyo kubva pamwaranzi.

Plaque radiotherapy yeziso. Rudzi rwemwaranzi remwaranzi rinoshandiswa kurapa mamota eziso. Mbeu dzinotepfenyura dzinoiswa kune rumwe rutivi rwechidimbu chesimbi (kazhinji kacho ndarama) inonzi plaque. Dombo racho rakasonerwa pamadziro ekunze eziso. Mbeu dzinopa radiation iyo inouraya cancer. Dombo racho rinobviswa panopera kurapwa, izvo zvinowanzoitika kwemazuva akati wandei.

Nzira iyo marapi ekurapa anopiwa anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa uye kuti kenza inopindura sei kune mamwe marapirwo. Kunze uye kwemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandiswa kurapa retinoblastoma.

Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura

Yakakwira madosi ekemotherapy anopiwa kuuraya cancer maseru. Masero ane hutano, kusanganisira masero anogadzira ropa, anoparadzwa nekenza kurapwa. Stem cell kununura kurapwa kutsiva masero anogadzira ropa. Masero emashizha (masero eropa asina kusimba) anobviswa muropa kana mwongo wemapfupa emurwere uye akaomeswa nechando uye akachengetwa. Mushure mekunge murwere apedza chemotherapy, maseru akachengetwa anonyungudutswa uye ndokudzoserwa kumurwere kuburikidza nekumukiswa. Aya akadzikiswa maseru emadzinde anokura kuita (uye kudzoreredza) masero eropa emuviri.

Ona Mishonga Inotenderwa yeRetinoblastoma kune rumwe ruzivo.

Kuvhiya (enucleation)

Enucleation kuvhiya kubvisa ziso uye chikamu cheiyo optic nerve. Muenzaniso weziso reziso rinobviswa rinotariswa pasi pe microscope kuti uone kana paine chero zviratidzo zvekuti gomarara iri rinogona kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa neane ruzivo rwekurwara, uyo anoziva retinoblastoma uye zvimwe zvirwere zveziso. Enucleation inoitwa kana paine mukana mushoma kana pasina mukana wekuti chiratidzo chinogona kuponeswa uye kana bundu racho rakakura, risina kupindura kurapwa, kana kudzoka mushure mekurapwa. Murwere anozogadzirirwa ziso rekugadzira.

Vhara kutevera-kunodiwa kweanopfuura makore maviri kana kupfuura kuti utarise zviratidzo zvekudzoka munzvimbo yakatenderedza ziso rakakanganiswa uye kutarisa rimwe ziso.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy mhando yekurapa inoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kurwisa cancer maseru. Marapirwo akanangwa anowanzo kukonzera kukuvara kushoma kune masero akajairwa kupfuura chemotherapy kana radiation radiation inoita.

Targeted Therapis iri kuongororwa nezve kurapwa kwe retinoblastoma yakadzokazve (kudzoka).

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro emwana wako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeRetinoblastoma

Muchikamu chino

• Kurapa kweUneilateral, Bilateral, uye Cavitary Retinoblastoma

• Kurapa kweIxtraocular Retinoblastoma

• Kurapa kwekufambira mberi kana kudzokorodza Retinoblastoma

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweUneilateral, Bilateral, uye Cavitary Retinoblastoma

Kana zvingangoita kuti ziso rinogona kuponeswa, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy kana ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy, iine kana isina intravitreal chemotherapy, kudzikisa bundu. Izvi zvinogona kuteverwa nechimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera:

• Cryotherapy.

• Thermotherapy.

• Plaque radiotherapy.

• Kunze-beam radiation kurapwa kweyemaviri intraocular retinoblastoma iyo isingapindure kune kumwe kurapwa.

Kana bundu racho rakakura uye zvisingaite kuti ziso riponeswe, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (enucleation). Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, systemic chemotherapy inogona kupihwa kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara ripararire kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana retinoblastoma iri mumaziso ese, kurapwa kweziso rega rega kunogona kunge kwakasiyana, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwebundu uye kana zvingangoita kuti ziso rinogona kuponeswa. Muyero we systemic chemotherapy unowanzoenderana neziso rine kenza yakawanda.

Kurapa kwecivitary retinoblastoma, rudzi rwe intraocular retinoblastoma, inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy kana ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweIxtraocular Retinoblastoma

Kurapa kwe extraocular retinoblastoma yakapararira kunzvimbo yakatenderedza ziso inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy uye yekunze-danda radiation kurapwa.

• Systemic chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiya (enucleation). External-beam radiation therapy uye yakawanda chemotherapy inogona kupihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Kurapa kwe extraocular retinoblastoma yakapararira kuuropi kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic kana intrathecal chemotherapy.

• Kunze-beam radiation radiation kurapwa kuuropi uye musana.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa neyepamusoro-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura.

Hazvisi pachena kana kurapwa ne chemotherapy, radiation radiation, kana yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura inobatsira varwere vane extraocular retinoblastoma kurarama kwenguva refu.

Kune trilateral retinoblastoma, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy inoteverwa neyepamusoro-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura.

• Systemic chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiya uye kwekunze-danda radiation radiation.

Kune retinoblastoma yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, asi kwete huropi, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa neyepamusoro-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura uye yekunze-danda radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kwekufambira mberi kana kudzokorodza Retinoblastoma

Kurapa kwekufambira mberi kana kudzokorora intraocular retinoblastoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• External-beam radiation therapy kana plaque radiotherapy.

• Cryotherapy.

• Thermotherapy.

• Systemic chemotherapy kana ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy.

• Intravitreal chemotherapy.

• Kuvhiya (enucleation).

Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoongorora muyenzaniso wemota yemurwere kune mamwe magene ekuchinja. Rudzi rwekurapa kwakanangwa kuchapihwa kumurwere kunoenderana nerudzi rwechinjo yemajini. Kurapa kwekufambira mberi kana kudzokororazve extraocular retinoblastoma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy uye yekunze-beam radiation kurapwa kwe retinoblastoma iyo inodzoka mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubvisa ziso.

• Systemic chemotherapy inoteverwa neyepamusoro-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell kununura uye yekunze-danda radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoongorora muyenzaniso wemota yemurwere kune mamwe magene ekuchinja. Rudzi rwekurapa kwakanangwa kuchapihwa kumurwere kunoenderana nerudzi rwechinjo yemajini.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Cancer Yevacheche

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve kurapwa kwe retinoblastoma, ona zvinotevera:

• Retinoblastoma Peji Peji

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans uye Cancer

• Cryosurgery muCancer Kurapa: Mibvunzo neMhinduro

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Retinoblastoma

• Kuongorora kweGenetic kweiyo Yakagara nhaka Kenza Kufungira Syndromes

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwegomarara rehucheche uye zvimwe zvecancer zviwanikwa, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Cancers Yevacheche

• Kurapa Kutsvaga Kwevana Cancer Buda Disclaimer

• Mahedhi Ekupedzisira Ekurapwa kweKenza Yevacheche

• Vechidiki uye Vechidiki Vakuru vane Cancer

• Vana vane Cancer: Nhungamiro Yevabereki

• Kenza muVana neVachiri kuyaruka

• Stage

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira