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Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer Kurapa Vhezheni

General Ruzivo nezve Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza chirwere umo mune yakaipa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu emapapu.

• Kune akatiwandei mhando dzisiri-diki maseru kenza yemapapu.

• Kusvuta ndicho chinhu chikuru chengozi yekenza isiri-diki yemukenza yemapapu.

• Zviratidzo zveasina-madiki maseru kenza yemapapu anosanganisira chikosoro chisingaendi uye kupfupika kwemweya.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora mapapu kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga), kuongorora, uye kuyera isiri-diki kenza yemapapu yemukenza.

• Kana kenza yemapapu ichifungidzirwa, biopsy inoitwa.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

• Kune vazhinji varwere vane isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza, kurapwa kwazvino hakurape kenza.

Isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza chirwere umo mune yakaipa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu emapapu.

Mapapu ari maviri enhengo dzakaumbwa-dzakafema nhengo muchipfuva. Mapapu anounza okisijeni mumuviri sezvaunenge uchifemera mukati. Dzinoburitsa carbon dioxide, chinova tsvina yemasero emuviri, paunenge uchifemera kunze. Mapapu ega ega ane zvikamu zvinonzi makobvu. Mapapu ekuruboshwe ane maruva maviri. Mapapu ekurudyi akakurisa zvishoma uye ane marobvu matatu. Machubhu maviri anonzi bronchi anotungamira kubva kune trachea (windpipe) kuenda kurudyi uye kuruboshwe mapapu. Iyo bronchi dzimwe nguva inobatanidzwawo mukenza yemapapu. Zvidiki zvemweya masaga anonzi alveoli uye madiki machubhu anonzi bronchioles anoita mukati memapapu.

Anatomy yeiyo nzira yekufema, inoratidza iyo trachea nemapapu ese maviri uye avo lobes uye mweya. Lymph node uye diaphragm inoratidzwawo. Oxygen inoputirwa mumapapu uye inopfuura nepakati pehutete hutete hwealveoli uye muropa (ona mufananidzo).

Kamudzira katete kanonzi pleura kanofukidza kunze kwemapapu ega ega uye kanotenderera madziro emukati mechipfuva. Izvi zvinogadzira saga inonzi pleural cavity. Iyo pleural mhango inowanzo ine shoma shoma yemvura iyo inobatsira mapapu kufamba mushe muchipfuva kana iwe uchifema.

Kune maviri akakosha marudzi ekenza yemapapu: isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza uye diki maseru kenza yemapapu.

Ona zvinotevera pfupiso dze kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kenza yemapapu:

• Diki Sero Lung Cancer Kurapa

• Zvisina kujairika Cancers zveVana Kurapa

• Kenza Kenza Kudzivirira

• Lung Cancer Kuongorora

Kune akatiwandei mhando dzisiri-diki maseru kenza yemapapu.

Mhando yega yega yekenza isiri-diki yemukenza yemapapu ine mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza maseru. Maseru egomarara erudzi rumwe nerumwe anokura nekupararira nenzira dzakasiyana. Mhando dzisiri diki kenza yemapapu yemukenza inonzi mazita emhando dzemasero anowanikwa mukenza uye masero anotaridzika pasi pe microscope:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: Gomarara rinoumbika mumaseru matete, akapfava anonamira mukati memapapu. Izvi zvinonziwo epidermoid carcinoma.

• Yakakura cell carcinoma: Cancer iyo inogona kutanga mumhando dzinoverengeka dzemasero makuru.

• Adenocarcinoma: Kenza inotangira mumasero anoisa alveoli uye inogadzira zvinhu zvakaita semukasi.

Dzimwe dzisingawanzo kujairika mhando dzisiri-diki maseru kenza yemapapu ndeaya: pleomorphic, carcinoid bundu, salivary gland carcinoma, uye unclassified carcinoma.

Kusvuta ndicho chinhu chikuru chengozi yekenza isiri-diki yemukenza yemapapu.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wako wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi yekenza yemapapu.

Njodzi dzinokonzera kenza yemapapu dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusvuta fodya, mapaipi, kana fodya, ikozvino kana munguva yakapfuura. Ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha njodzi yekenza yemapapu. Pakutanga muhupenyu munhu anotanga kusvuta, kazhinji munhu achiputa, uye kana munhu achinge aputa makore, ndipo paanowedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu.

• Kuoneswa hutsi hwefodya.

• Kuiswa pachena kune asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, kana tar munzvimbo yebasa.

• Kufumurwa kune radiation kubva kune chero chinotevera:

• Radiation kurapwa kuzamu kana chipfuva.

• Radon mumba kana kubasa.

• Kufungidzira bvunzo senge CT scans.

• Atomic bhomba radiation.

• Kugara iko kune kusvibiswa kwemhepo.

• Kuve nenhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemapapu.

• Kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwevanhu (HIV).

• Kutora beta carotene zvinowedzera uye kuva munhu anoputa zvakanyanya.

Kukwegura ndiyo njodzi huru kune vakawanda kanzira. Mukana wekubata cancer unowedzera paunenge uchikura.

Kana kusvuta kuchisanganiswa nezvimwe zvinenjodzi, njodzi yekenza yemapapu inowedzerwa.

Zviratidzo zveasina-madiki maseru kenza yemapapu anosanganisira chikosoro chisingaendi uye kupfupika kwemweya.

Dzimwe nguva kenza yemapapu haina kukonzera chero zviratidzo kana zviratidzo. Inogona kuwanikwa panguva yechifuva x-ray inoitirwa imwe mamiriro. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekenza yemapapu kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Chifuva kusagadzikana kana kurwadziwa.

• Kukosora kusingaendi kana kutonyanya kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva.

• Kunetseka kufema.

• Kushungurudza.

• Ropa mu sputum (mamasi akakosora kubva mumapapu)

• Kuchema.

• Kupererwa nechido.

• Kurera huremu pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa.

• Kunzwa kuneta chaizvo.

• Dambudziko kumedza.

• Kuzvimba kumeso uye / kana tsinga mumutsipa.

Kuyedza kunoongorora mapapu kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga), kuongorora, uye kuyera isiri-diki kenza yemapapu yemukenza.

Kuyedza uye maitiro ekuona, kuongorora, uye danho risiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inowanzoitwa panguva imwe chete. Mimwe bvunzo inotevera nemaitiro zvinogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yehutano hwemurwere, kusanganisira kuputa, uye mabasa apfuura, zvirwere, uye kurapwa zvichatorwawo.

• Miedzo yeLaborari: Maitiro ekurapa anoedza sampu yetishu, ropa, weti, kana zvimwe zvinhu mumuviri. Aya maedzo anobatsira kuongorora chirwere, kuronga uye kutarisa kurapwa, kana kuongorora chirwere ichi nekufamba kwenguva.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

X-ray yechipfuva. X-ray inoshandiswa kutora mifananidzo yenhengo nemapfupa echipfuva. X-ray inopfuura nemurwere kupinda mufirimu.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge chipfuva, chakatorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• Sputum cytology: Maitiro ekuti murapi anoona sampu yekukosora (mucus yakakosora kubva mumapapu) pasi pe microscope, kutarisa masero ekenza.

• Thoracentesis: Kubviswa kwemvura kubva panzvimbo iri pakati pechidzitiro chechipfuva nemapapu, uchishandisa tsono. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona fluid ari pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza.

Kana kenza yemapapu ichifungidzirwa, biopsy inoitwa.

Imwe yemhando dzinotevera dze biopsies inowanzo shandiswa:

• Fine-sindano aspiration (FNA) biopsy yemapapu: Kubviswa kwetishu kana mvura kubva mupapu uchishandisa tsono nhete. A CT scan, ultrasound, kana imwe nzira yekufungidzira inoshandiswa kutsvaga zvisikwa zvisina kujairika kana fluid mumapapu. Chinhu chidiki chinogona kuburitswa muganda umo tsono yebiopsy inoiswa mune isina kujairika nyama kana fluid. Muenzaniso unobviswa netsono wotumirwa kurabhoritari. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anozoona muyenzaniso pasi pe microscope kutsvaga masero ekenza. X-ray yechipfuva inoitwa mushure mekuita kuti uone kuti hapana mhepo iri kubuda kubva mupapu ichienda muchipfuva.

Yakanaka-tsono yekutsvaira biopsy yemapapu. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza nemuchina wecomputer tomography (CT), unotora mifananidzo yeX-ray yemukati memuviri. Iyo x-ray mifananidzo inobatsira chiremba kuti aone pane iyo isina kujairika nyama iri mumapapu. Tsono yebhiopsy inoiswa kuburikidza nechidziro chechipfuva uye munzvimbo yemapapu asina kujairika. Chidimbu chidiki chetishu chinobviswa kuburikidza netsono uye chinotariswa pasi pe microscope kuti dzive nezviratidzo zvecancer.

Iyo endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) rudzi rwe ultrasound iyo inogona kushandiswa kutungamira iyo FNA biopsy yemapapu, lymph node, kana dzimwe nzvimbo. EUS maitiro anoiswa endoscope mumuviri. Endoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Probe panoperera endosikopu inoshandiswa kubaya mafungu ane simba-ruzha (ultrasound) kubva munyama dzemukati kana mitezo uye kuita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram.

Endoscopic ultrasound-inotungamirirwa yakanaka-tsono aspiration biopsy. Endoscope ine chishandiso che ultrasound uye tsono yebhiopsy inoiswa kuburikidza nemuromo uye mukati medu. Iyo probe inoburitsa mafungu eruzha kubva kumatumbu emuviri kuita maungira anoita sonogram (komputa pikicha) yeiyo lymph node padhuze nesophagus. Iyo sonogram inobatsira chiremba kuona kwaanoisa iyo biopsy tsono kubvisa zvinyama kubva kune lymph node. Tissue iyi inoongororwa pasi pe microscope kuti iwane zviratidzo zvecancer.

• Bronchoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa mukati me trachea uye makuru emhepo mumapapu enzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Bronchoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nemhuno kana muromo mu trachea nemapapu. Bronchoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nemuromo, trachea, uye bronchi huru mumapapu, kutsvaga nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Bronchoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechinhu chekucheka. Masampuli enyama anogona kutorwa kuti aongororwe pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvehosha.

• Thoracoscopy: Nzira yekuvhiya yekutarisa nhengo dziri mukati mechipfuva kuti utarise nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iko kucheka (kucheka) kunoitwa pakati pembabvu mbiri, uye thoracoscope inoiswa mubhokisi. Iyo thoracoscope chinhu chakaonda, chubhu-senge chiedza chine mwenje nelenzi yekutarisa. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa tishu kana lymph node samples, inoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, maitiro aya anoshandiswa kubvisa chikamu cheyophagus kana mapapu. Kana mamwe matukisi, nhengo, kana lymph node isingakwanise kusvikwa, thoracotomy inogona kuitwa. Mune maitiro aya, kucheka kukuru kunoitwa pakati pembabvu uye chipfuva chinovhurwa.

• Mediastinoscopy: Nzira yekuvhiya yekutarisa nhengo, zvinyama, uye lymph node pakati pemapapu enzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Kuchekwa (kucheka) kunoitwa nechepamusoro pechipfuva uye mediastinoscope inoiswa mubhokisi. Mediastinoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa tishu kana lymph node samples, inoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Mediastinoscopy. Mediastinoscope inoiswa muchipfuva kuburikidza necision pamusoro pechipfuva kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika pakati pemapapu. Mediastinoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechokucheka chishandiso. Sampuli dzemashuga dzinogona kutorwa kubva kuma lymph node kurudyi rwechipfuva uye kuongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvecancer. Mune anterior mediastinotomy (Chamberlain maitiro), iyo incision inogadzirwa padivi pechipfuva kubvisa masuru maturu kubva kune lymph node kuruboshwe kuruboshwe rwechipfuva.

• Anterior mediastinotomy: Nzira yekuvhiya yekutarisa nhengo nemaviri mukati memapapu uye pakati pechipfuva uye nemoyo wenzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Kuchekwa (kucheka) kunoitwa padivi pechipfuva uye mediastinoscope inoiswa muchipfuva. Mediastinoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa tishu kana lymph node samples, inoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara. Izvi zvinodaidzwa zvakare kuti Chamberlain maitiro.

• Lymph node biopsy: Kubviswa kwezvose kana chikamu chema lymph node. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona iyo lymph node tishu pasi pe microscope kutarisa masero ekenza

Imwe kana kupfuura eanotevera eongororo yeirabhorari angaitwe kuti aongorore iwo matissue sampuli:

• Molecular test: Kuedzwa kwerabhoritari kutarisa mamwe majeni, mapuroteni, kana mamwe mamorekuru mune sampu yetishu, ropa, kana imwe mvura yemuviri. Mamorekuru bvunzo anotarisa kune mamwe majini kana echromosome shanduko inoitika mune isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza.

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira mamwe maantigen (mamaki) mune imwe sampuro yetishu yemurwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anowanzo sunganidzwa ne enzyme kana dhayi ye fluorescent. Mushure mekunge maantibodies akasunga kune yakasarudzika antigen mune yeiyo sampuli, iyo enzyme kana dhayi inogoneswa, uye iyo antigen inogona kuzoonekwa pasi pe microscope. Rudzi urwu rweyedzo runoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora gomarara uye kubatsira kutaurira imwe mhando yekenza kubva kune imwe mhando yegomarara.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu chegomarara (saizi yebundu uye kuti riri mumapapu chete here kana kuti rapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri).
• Rudzi rwekenza yemapapu.

• Kunyangwe iyo kenza ine shanduko (shanduko) mune mamwe majeni, senge iyo epidermal yekukura factor receptor (EGFR) gene kana iyo anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) geni.

• Kunyangwe paine zviratidzo nezviratidzo sekukosora kana kunetseka kufema.

• Hutano hwese hwemurwere.

Kune vazhinji varwere vane isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza, kurapwa kwazvino hakurape kenza.

Kana gomarara remapapu rikawanikwa, kutora chikamu mune imwe yemakiriniki miedzo irikuitwa kunatsiridza kurapwa kunofanirwa kutariswa. Makiriniki miedzo iri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika kune varwere vane nhanho dzese dzisiri diki kenza yemapapu yemapapu. Ruzivo nezve inoenderera kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuCI webhusaiti

Nhanho dzeiyo Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekunge kenza yemapapu yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana maseru ekenza apararira mukati memapapu kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Aya matanho anotevera anoshandiswa kune isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza:

• Zvemashiripiti (zvakavanzika) nhanho

• Chikamu 0

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

Mushure mekunge kenza yemapapu yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana maseru ekenza apararira mukati memapapu kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati memapapu kana kune mamwe mativi emuviri anonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Mimwe bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inoshandiswawo kuratidza chirwere. (Ona iyo Ruzivo Ruzhinji chikamu.)

Mimwe bvunzo nemaitiro angangoshandiswa mukugadzirisa matanho anosanganisira anotevera:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge huropi. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge huropi, dumbu, uye lymph node, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

PET (positron emission tomography) scan. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza nemuchina wePET. Musoro unozorora uye tambo chena zvinobatsira murwere kurara zvakadaro. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga yemurwere, uye scanner inogadzira mufananidzo wekuti glucose irikushandiswa sei mumuviri. Cancer maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anotora yakawanda glucose kupfuura zvakajairwa maseru.

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

• Pulmonary function test (PFT): Chiyero chekuona kuti mapapu ari kushanda sei. Inoyera kuti mapapu anogona kubata mweya wakadii uye kuti mweya unokurumidza kupinda sei nekubuda mumapapu. Inotarisawo kuti yakawanda sei oxygen inoshandiswa uye kuti yakawanda sei carbon dioxide inopihwa panguva yekufema. Izvi zvinodaidzwa zvakare kuti lung function function test.

• Bone marrow aspiration uye biopsy: Kubviswa kwemongo wefupa, ropa, uye chidimbu chefupa nekuisa tsono isina mhango muhudyu kana pfupa rechipfuva. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona pfupa, ropa, uye pfupa pasi pe microscope kutsvaga zviratidzo zvegomarara.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inopararira kuuropi, masero ekenza ari muuropi ari chaiwo maseru emukenza emapapu. Chirwere ichi kenza yemapapu yemapapu, kwete gomarara repfungwa.

Aya matanho anotevera anoshandiswa kune isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza:

Zvemashiripiti (zvakavanzika) nhanho

Muchikamu chemashiripiti (chakavanzika), gomarara harigone kuoneka nekufungidzira kana bronchoscopy. Cancer maseru anowanikwa mune sputum kana bronchial washings (sampuro yemasero akatorwa kubva mukati memhepo inoenda kumapapu). Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Chikamu 0

Muchikamu chechipiri, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune yekumonera yemhepo. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chingave adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) kana squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS).

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga, kenza yakaumbwa. Chikamu I chakakamurwa muzvikamu IA uye IB.

• Chikamu IA:

Chikamu IA kenza yemapapu. Bundu riri mumapapu chete uye rine masendimita matatu kana kuti madiki. Kenza haina kupararira kune iyo lymph node.

Bundu riri mumapapu chete uye rine masendimita matatu kana kuti madiki. Kenza haina kupararira kune iyo lymph node.

• Chikamu IB:

Nhanho IB kenza yemapapu. Bundu iri rakakura kupfuura masendimita matatu asi risingakure kupfuura masendimita mana. Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node"; KANA kuti bundu racho riri masendimita mana kana kuti madiki. Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" uye chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) kenza yapararira kune bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina; uye / kana (b) kenza yakapararira kune membrane yemukati inovhara mapapu; uye / kana (c) chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana ane pneumonitis (kuzvimba kwemapapu).

Bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita matatu asi harikure kupfuura masendimita mana. Kenza haina kupararira kune iyo lymph node.

kana

Bundu iri masendimita mana kana diki uye imwe kana anopfuura eanotevera anowanikwa:

• Kenza yakapararira kune iyo bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina.

• Gomarara rapararira kusvika mukati memukati memukoko unofukidza mapapu.

• Chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana kuita pneumonitis.

Kenza haina kupararira kune iyo lymph node.

Chikamu II

Chikamu chechipiri chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIA uye IIB.

• Chikamu IIA:

Chikamu IIA kenza yemapapu. Bundu iri rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana asi risingakure kupfuura masendimita mashanu. Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" uye imwe kana dzinopfuura pane dzinotevera dzinogona kuwanikwa: (a) gomarara rapararira kune bronchus huru, asi harina kupararira kune carina; uye / kana (b) kenza yakapararira kune membrane yemukati inovhara mapapu; uye / kana (c) chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana ane pneumonitis (kuzvimba kwemapapu).

Bundu iri rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana asi risingakure kupfuura masendimita mashanu. Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" uye imwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:

• Kenza yakapararira kune iyo bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina.

• Gomarara rapararira kusvika mukati memukati memukoko unofukidza mapapu.

• Chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana kuita pneumonitis.

• Chikamu IIB:

Stage IIB kenza yemapapu (1). Bundu rekutanga masentimita mashanu kana madiki uye gomarara rapararira kune ma "lymph node" kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva sedumbu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus.

Bundu iri masendimita mashanu kana diki uye gomarara rapararira kune ma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva sebundu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:

• Kenza yakapararira kune iyo bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina.

• Gomarara rapararira kusvika mukati memukati memukoko unofukidza mapapu.

• Chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana kuita pneumonitis.

kana

Chikamu IIB kenza yemapapu (2). Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" uye imwe kana dzinopfuura pane dzinotevera dzinowanikwa: (a) bundu rekutanga rakakura kupfuura masendimita mashanu asi risina kukura kupfuura masendimita manomwe; uye / kana (b) pane rimwe kana mamwe mamota akaparadzana mune rimwe lobe remapapu sedumbu rekutanga; uye / kana gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera: (c) rusvingo rwechipfuva uye / kana membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva, (d) tsinga inodzora diaphragm, uye / kana (e) yekunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

Gomarara harina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" uye chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa.

• Bundu iri rakakura kupfuura masendimita mashanu asi kwete rakakura kupfuura masendimita manomwe.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu akapatsanurwa mune rimwechete remapapu sepamuviri rekutanga.

• Gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Iyo membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva.

• Chest wall.

• Tsinga dzinodzora diaphragm.

• Rokunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

Chikamu chechitatu

Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIA, IIIB, uye IIIC.

• Chikamu IIIA:

Chikamu IIIA kenza yemapapu (1). Bundu iri masendimita mashanu kana diki uye gomarara rapararira kune ma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva sebundu rekutanga. Iwo maLymph node ane gomarara akakomberedza trachea kana aorta (isina kuratidzwa), kana iko uko trachea inopatsanuka kuita bronchi. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa: (a) gomarara rapararira kune chikuru bronchus, asi harina kupararira kune carina; uye / kana (b) kenza yakapararira kune membrane yemukati inovhara mapapu; uye / kana (c) chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana ane pneumonitis (kuzvimba kwemapapu).

Bundu iri masendimita mashanu kana diki uye gomarara rapararira kune ma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva sebundu rekutanga. Iwo maLymph node ane gomarara akakomberedza trachea kana aorta, kana iko uko trachea inopatsanuka kuita bronchi. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:

• Kenza yakapararira kune iyo bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina.

• Gomarara rapararira kusvika mukati memukati memukoko unofukidza mapapu.

• Chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana kuita pneumonitis.

kana

Chikamu IIIA kenza yemapapu (2). Gomarara rakapararira kuma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva kunge bundu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) bundu rakakura kudarika masendimita mashanu asi risina kukura kupfuura masendimita manomwe; uye / kana (b) pane rimwe kana mamwe mamota akaparadzana mune rimwe lobe remapapu sedumbu rekutanga; uye / kana gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera: (c) rusvingo rwechipfuva uye / kana membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva, (d) tsinga inodzora diaphragm, uye / kana (e) yekunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

Gomarara rakapararira kuma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva kunge bundu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa.

• Bundu iri rakakura kupfuura masendimita mashanu asi kwete rakakura kupfuura masendimita manomwe.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu akapatsanurwa mune rimwechete remapapu sepamuviri rekutanga.

• Gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Iyo membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva.

• Chest wall.

• Tsinga dzinodzora diaphragm.

• Rokunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

kana

Chikamu IIIA kenza yemapapu (3). Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kuma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva kunge bundu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) bundu rekutanga rakakura kupfuura masendimita manomwe; uye / kana (b) pane rimwe kana mamwe mamota akaparadzana mune rimwe lobe repapu rine bundu rekutanga uye / kana bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera: (c) trachea, (d) carina, (e) ezophagus, (f) chipfuva kana musana, (g) diaphragm, (h) moyo, (i) tsinga huru dzeropa dzinoendesa kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava), kana tsinga inodzora dokoriro (isina kuratidzwa).

Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kuma lymph node kudivi rimwe chete rechipfuva kunge bundu rekutanga. Iyo lymph node ine kenza iri mumapapu kana padyo nebronchus. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa.

• Bundu rakakura kudarika masendimita manomwe.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu akapatsanurwa mune rakasiyana lobe yemapapu pamwe neyekutanga bundu.

• Bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Trachea.

• Carina.

• Esophagus.

• Chipfuva kana musana.

• Hwidibiro.

• Mwoyo.

• Midzi mikuru yeropa inotungamira kune kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava).

• Tsinga inodzora iyo larynx (izwi bhokisi).

• Chikamu IIIB:

Chikamu IIIB kenza yemapapu (1). Bundu rekutanga rine masendimita mashanu kana madiki uye gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node pamusoro pekora padivi rimwe rechipfuva sedumbu rekutanga kana kune chero node dzedumbu kune rakatarisana nechipfuva sedumbu rekutanga. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa: (a) gomarara rapararira kune chikuru bronchus, asi harina kupararira kune carina; uye / kana (b) kenza yakapararira kune membrane yemukati inovhara mapapu; uye / kana (c) chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana ane pneumonitis (kuzvimba kwemapapu).

Bundu iri masendimita mashanu kana diki uye gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node pamusoro pekora padivi rimwe rechipfuva sepamuviri pekutanga kana kune chero node dzedumbu kune rakatarisana nechipfuva sedumbu rekutanga. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:

• Kenza yakapararira kune iyo bronchus huru, asi haina kupararira kune carina.

• Gomarara rapararira kusvika mukati memukati memukoko unofukidza mapapu.

• Chikamu chemapapu kana mapapu ese akadonha kana kuita pneumonitis.

kana

Chikamu IIIB kenza yemapapu (2). Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune lymph node parutivi rumwe chete rwechifuva sepamoyo yekutanga. Iwo maLymph node ane gomarara akakomberedza trachea kana aorta (isina kuratidzwa), kana iko uko trachea inopatsanuka kuita bronchi. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu akapatsanurwa mune rimwe lobe kana rimwe bundu rakasiyana remapapu rine bundu rekutanga; uye / kana (b) gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera: rusvingo rwechipfuva kana membrane inotenderera mukati merusvingo rwechipfuva, tsinga inodzora bhokisi rezwi, trachea, carina, ezophagus, chipfuva kana musana (hauna kuratidzwa), diaphragm, tsinga inodzora diaphragm, moyo, iyo mikuru yeropa inotungamira kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava)

Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune lymph node parutivi rumwe chete rwechifuva sepamoyo yekutanga. Iwo maLymph node ane gomarara akakomberedza trachea kana aorta, kana iko uko trachea inopatsanuka kuita bronchi. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mamota akaparadzana mune rimwe lobe kana rimwe lobe repapu rine bundu rekutanga.

• Gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Iyo membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva.

• Chest wall.

• Tsinga dzinodzora diaphragm.

• Rokunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

• Trachea.

• Carina.

• Esophagus.

• Chipfuva kana musana.

• Hwidibiro.

• Mwoyo.

• Midzi mikuru yeropa inotungamira kune kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava).

• Tsinga inodzora iyo larynx (izwi bhokisi).

• Chikamu IIIC:

Chikamu IIIC kenza yemapapu. Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune lymph node pamusoro pekora pane rumwe rutivi rwechifuva sepamuviri pekutanga kana kune chero lymph node kune rimwe divi repachipfuva sebundu rekutanga. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu akapatsanurwa mune rimwe lobe kana rimwe bundu rakasiyana remapapu rine bundu rekutanga; uye / kana (b) gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera: rusvingo rwechipfuva kana membrane inonamira mukati memadziro echifuva, tsinga inodzora bhokisi rezwi, trachea, carina, ezophagus, chipfuva kana musana (usina kuratidzwa), diaphragm, tsinga inodzora diaphragm, moyo, iyo mikuru yeropa inotungamira kuenda kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava), kana iyo yekunze tambo yeturu yesaga rakakomberedza moyo.

Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rapararira kune lymph node pamusoro pekora pane rumwe rutivi rwechifuva sepamuviri pekutanga kana kune chero lymph node kune rimwe divi repachipfuva sebundu rekutanga. Zvakare, chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mamota akaparadzana mune rimwe lobe kana rimwe lobe repapu rine bundu rekutanga.

• Gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Iyo membrane inoisa mukati memadziro echifuva.

• Chest wall.

• Tsinga dzinodzora diaphragm.

• Rokunze rukoko rwechitunha chesaga chakakomberedza moyo.

• Trachea.

• Carina.

• Esophagus.

• Chipfuva kana musana.

• Hwidibiro.

• Mwoyo.

• Midzi mikuru yeropa inotungamira kune kana kubva pamoyo (aorta kana vena cava).

• Tsinga inodzora iyo larynx (izwi bhokisi).

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA uye IVB.

• Chikamu IVA:

Chikamu cheIVA kenza yemapapu. Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune ma lymph node. Chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zvinowanikwa: (a) pane rimwe kana mamwe mapundu mumapapu asina bundu rekutanga; uye / kana (b) kenza inowanikwa mune zvinoyerera zvakapoteredza mapapu kana pamoyo kana pane mamota emukenza mumutsara wakakomberedza mapapu kana saga rakakomberedza moyo; uye / kana (c) kenza yakapararira kunzvimbo imwechete munhengo kana munyama isiri padyo nemapapu, senge huropi, adrenal gland, itsvo, chiropa, kana pfupa, kana kune lymph node isiri padyo nemapapu.

Bundu ringave chero saizi uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune ma lymph node. Imwe kana yakawanda yeinotevera inowanikwa.

• Kune rimwe kana mamwe mapundu mumapapu asina bundu rekutanga.

• Gomarara rinowanikwa mumucheto wakakomberedza mapapu kana saga rakakomberedza moyo.

• Kenza inowanikwa mune zvinoyerera zvakapoteredza mapapu kana nemoyo

• Gomarara rakapararira kunzvimbo imwechete munhengo isiri padyo nemapapu, senge huropi, chiropa, adrenal gland, itsvo, bone, kana kune lymph node isiri padyo nemapapu.

• Chikamu IVB:

Chikamu IVB kenza yemapapu. Kenza yakapararira kunzvimbo dzakawanda mune imwe kana kupfuura nhengo dzisiri padyo nemapapu, senge huropi, adrenal gland, itsvo, chiropa, lymph node dziri kure, kana pfupa.

Gomarara rapararira kunzvimbo dzakawanda mune imwe kana kupfuura nhengo dzisiri padyo nepapu.

Dzokororo Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Anowanzoitika asiri madiki maseru kenza yemapapu kenza yakadzokazve (kudzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Kenza inogona kudzoka muuropi, mapapu, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane isina-diki maseru kenza yemapapu.

• Mhando gumi dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Targeted kurapwa

• Immunotherapy

• Laser kurapa

• Photodynamic kurapa (PDT)

• Kuchema

• Electrocautery

• Kurinda kumirira

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Chemoprevention

• Radiosensitizers

• Mutsva musanganiswa

• Kurapa kwekenza isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane isina-diki maseru kenza yemapapu.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune varwere vane isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando gumi dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Mhando ina dzekuvhiya dzinoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemapapu:

• Wedge resection: Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu uye mamwe eakajairwa matissue akarikomberedza. Kana huwandu hwakati kurei hwetinyama hwatorwa, inonzi segmental resection.

Wedge resection yemapapu. Chikamu chepombi yemapapu ine kenza uye hushoma hwezvinyama zvine hutano zvakakomberedza zvinobviswa.

• Lobectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa yakazara lobe (chikamu) chepapu.

Lobectomy. Lobe yemapapu inobviswa.

• Pneumonectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa rimwe chete mapapu.

Pneumonectomy. Mapapu ese anobviswa.

• Sleeve resection: Kuvhiya kubvisa chikamu chebronchus.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Stereotactic body radiation kurapwa rudzi rwekunze radiation radiation. Zvishandiso zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa kuisa murwere munzvimbo imwechete kune imwe neimwe radiation kurapwa. Kamwe pazuva kwemazuva akati wandei, muchina we radiation unovavarira mwero wakakura kupfuura wenguva dzose wemwaranzi yakananga pabundu. Nekuva nemurwere munzvimbo imwechete yekurapwa kwega kwega, pane kukuvara kudiki kune zvinyama zviri pedyo zvine hutano. Maitiro aya anonziwo stereotactic ekunze-beam radiation kurapwa uye stereotaxic radiation kurapwa.

Stereotactic radiosurgery rudzi rwekunze radiation radiation inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemapapu yakapararira kuuropi. Rakaomarara musoro furemu wakasungirirwa padehenya kuti musoro urambe wakadzikama panguva yekurapwa nemwaranzi. Mushini unonanga imwe chete hombe yemwaranzi yakananga pabundu muuropi. Maitiro aya haabatanidzi kuvhiyiwa. Iyo inonziwo stereotaxic radiosurgery, radiosurgery, uye radiation radiation.

Kune mamota mune emumhepo, mwaranzi inopihwa yakananga kune bundu kuburikidza ne endoscope.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Zvinoenderana nekuti gomarara rinowanikwa kupi. Kunze uye kwemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandiswa kurapa isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy).

Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy rudzi rwekurapa runoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kurwisa mamwe maseru ekenza. Marapirwo akanangwa anowanzo kukonzera kukuvara kushoma kune masero akajairwa kupfuura chemotherapy kana radiation radiation inoita. Monoclonal antibodies uye tyrosine kinase inhibitors ndiwo maviri epamoyo mhando dzakanangwa kurapwa kurapa yakakwira, metastatic, kana inowanzoitika isiri-diki kenza yemapapu yemapapu.

Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibody therapy ndeye kenza kurapa iyo inoshandisa antibodies inogadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando ye immune immune cell. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane maseru ekenza kana zvakajairika zvinhu muropa kana zvinyama zvinogona kubatsira maseru ekenza kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze monoclonal antibody therapy:

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor therapy: Masero eCancer anoita chinhu chinonzi VEGF, icho chinokonzera mitsipa yeropa mitsva kuumba (angiogenesis) uye inobatsira gomarara kukura. VEGF inhibitors inovhara VEGF uye inomisa matsva eropa kubva pakuumba. Izvi zvinogona kuuraya maseru egomarara nekuti anoda matsva eropa matsva kukura. Bevacizumab uye ramucirumab ndivo VEGF inhibitors uye angiogenesis inhibitors.

• Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy: EGFRs mapuroteni anowanikwa pamusoro pemamwe maseru, anosanganisira cancer maseru. Epidermal kukura chinhu chinonamira kune EGFR pamusoro pechiso uye chinokonzeresa kuti masero akure uye apatsanurane. EGFR inhibitors inodzivirira iyo inogamuchira uye inomisa iyo epidermal yekukura chinhu kubva pakubatanidza kune kenza kenza. Izvi zvinomisa kenza yesero kubva mukukura nekukamurana. Cetuximab uye necitumumab ndeye EGFR inhibitors.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors madiki-mamorekuru madhiragi ayo anodarika nepanhengo yesero uye anoshanda mukati memukenza maseru kuvharira masaini ekuti cancer maseru anoda kukura nekukamurwa. Mamwe tyrosine kinase inhibitors zvakare ane angiogenesis inhibitor mhedzisiro.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze tyrosine kinase inhibitors:

• Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors: EGFRs mapuroteni anowanikwa pamusoro uye mukati memamwe maseru, anosanganisira cancer maseru. Epidermal kukura chinhu chinonamatira kune EGFR mukati mechitokisi uye chinotumira masaini kune tyrosine kinase nzvimbo yesero, iyo inotaurira sero kukura nekuparadzanisa. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors vanomisa aya ma sign uye vanomisa iyo cancer kenza kubva mukukura nekukamurwa. Erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, uye osimertinib marudzi eEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mimwe yemishonga iyi inoshanda zvirinani kana paine shanduko (shanduko) muEGGR gene.

• Kinase inhibitors inokanganisa maseru ane mamwe majini shanduko: Dzimwe shanduko muALK, ROS1, BRAF, uye MEK majini, uye NTRK gene fusions, inokonzeresa mapuroteni akawandisa. Kuvhara mapuroteni aya kunogona kumisa kenza kubva mukukura nekupararira. Crizotinib inoshandiswa kumisa mapuroteni kubva mukugadzirwa neALK neROS1 majini. Ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib, uye lorlatinib zvinoshandiswa kumisa mapuroteni kubva mukugadzirwa neALK geni. Dabrafenib inoshandiswa kumisa mapuroteni ari kuitwa neBRAF gene. Trametinib inoshandiswa kumisa mapuroteni ari kugadzirwa neMEK geni. Larotrectinib inoshandiswa kumisa mapuroteni anoitwa neNTRK gene fusion.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana biologic therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy rudzi rwe immunotherapy.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: PD-1 ipuroteni iri pamusoro peT maseru ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Kana PD-1 yakanamatira kune imwe protein inonzi PDL-1 pane kenza kenza, inomisa iyo T cell kuuraya kenza kenza. PD-1 inhibitors inonamira kuPDL-1 uye inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya maseru ekenza. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, uye durvalumab ndiwo marudzi e immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint mapuroteni, akadai sePD-L1 pane maseru emota uye PD-1 pane T maseru, anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Iko kusungwa kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 kunoita kuti masero eT arege kuuraya tumarara maseru mumuviri (kuruboshwe pani). Kuvhara kusunga kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 ine immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 kana anti-PD-1) inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya matumbo maseru (kurudyi pani).

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Laser kurapa

Laser kurapa mushonga wekenza unoshandisa laser beam (danda rakamanikana rechiedza chakanyanya) kuuraya cancer maseru.

Photodynamic kurapa (PDT)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) kurapwa kwekenza iyo inoshandisa mushonga uye imwe mhando yeraser light kuuraya cancer maseru. Mushonga usingashande kusvikira waburitswa muchiedza unopinzwa mutsinga. Iyo mishonga inounganidza yakawanda mumasero ekenza kupfuura mumasero akajairwa. Fiberoptic machubhu anobva ashandiswa kutakura iyo laser mwenje kuenda kumasero ekenza, uko mushonga unoshanda uye unouraya maseru. Photodynamic kurapwa kunokonzera kukuvara kudiki kune hutano hutano. Inoshandiswa kunyanya kurapa mamota kana kana pasi peganda chete kana mukati memukati memukati mitezo. Kana bundu racho riri mumhepo, PDT inopihwa yakanangana nebundu kuburikidza neiyo endoscope.

Kuchema

Cryosurgery imushonga unoshandisa chishandiso kupisa uye kuparadza zvisizvo zvisina kujairika, senge carcinoma in situ. Mhando iyi yekurapa inonziwo cryotherapy. Kune mamota mune emumhepo, cryosurgery inoitwa kuburikidza ne endoscope.

Electrocautery

Electrocautery kurapwa kunoshandisa chishandiso kana tsono inopisa ne magetsi magetsi kuparadza zvishuwo zvisina kujairika. Kune mamota mune emhepo, electrocautery inoitwa kuburikidza ne endoscope.

Kurinda kumirira

Kurindira kumirira kuri kunyatsoongorora mamiriro emurwere pasina kupa chero kurapwa kusvikira zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa kana kuchinja. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa mune dzimwe nguva zvisingawanzoitika dzisiri diki kenza yemapapu kenza.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Chemoprevention

Chemoprevention iko kushandiswa kwemishonga, mavitamini, kana zvimwe zvinhu kudzikisa njodzi yekenza kana kudzikisira njodzi kenza inodzokazve (kudzoka). Kune kenza yemapapu, chemoprevention inoshandiswa kudzikisira mukana wekuti bundu idzva riumbe mumapapu.

Radiosensitizers

Radiosensitizers zvinhu zvinoita kuti tumarara maseru zvive nyore kuuraya nemushonga wemwaranzi. Iko kusanganiswa kwe chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa ne radiosensitizer iri kuongororwa mukurapa kweasina-madiki kenza yemapapu kenza.

Mutsva musanganiswa

Mitsva mitsva yekurapa iri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Kurapa kwekenza isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho

Muchikamu chino

• Zvemashiripiti Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

• Chikamu 0

• Stage I Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

• Stage II Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

• Chikamu IIIA Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

• Chikamu IIIB uye Stage IIIC Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Chikamu cheV IV, Yakadzokororwa, uye Inodzokororwa Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

• Progressive Stage IV, Yakadzokororwa, uye Inodzokororwa Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Zvemashiripiti Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Kurapa kwemashiripiti asiri madiki maseru kenza yemapapu kunoenderana padanho rechirwere. Mamota emashiripiti anowanzo kuwanikwa padanho rekutanga (bundu riri mumapapu chete) uye dzimwe nguva rinogona kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu 0

Kurapa kwedanho 0 kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (wedge resection kana segmental resection).

• Photodynamic Therapy, electrocautery, cryosurgery, kana laser kuvhiya yemamota mukati kana padyo nebronchus.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Stage I Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

Kurapa kwechikamu IA isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza uye nhanho IB isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (wedge resection, segmental resection, sleeve resection, kana lobectomy).

• External radiation therapy, kusanganisira stereotactic body radiation kurapwa kwevarwere vasingakwanise kuvhiyiwa kana kusarudza kusavhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy kana radiation radiation inotevera kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kunopihwa kuburikidza neiyo endoscope, senge photodynamic therapy (PDT).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemoprevention.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Stage II Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IIA isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza uye nhanho IIB isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (wedge resection, segmental resection, sleeve resection, lobectomy, kana pneumonectomy).

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemotherapy.

• Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapwa kwevarwere vasingakwanise kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye radiation kurapwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu IIIA Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IIIA isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza iyo inogona kubviswa nekuvhiya inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemotherapy.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemotherapy pamwe chete ne radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inoteverwa nekuvhiya.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemasanganiswa matsva ekurapa.

Kurapa kwedanho IIIA isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza isingakwanise kubviswa nekuvhiya inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa panguva imwecheteyo yenguva kana imwe inoteverwa neimwe.

• Kunze kwekurapwa nemwaranzi kwega kwevarwere vasingakwanise kurapwa neakasanganiswa kurapwa, kana sekurapa kwekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kana laser kuvhiyiwa, sekurapa kwekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inoteverwa ne immunotherapy ine immune checkpoint inhibitor, senge durvalumab.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemasanganiswa matsva ekurapa.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve rubatsiro rwekutsigira zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinosanganisira kukosora, kufema, uye kurwadziwa pachipfuva, ona pfupiso ye paCardiopulmonary Syndromes.

Isiri-diki kenza yemapapu yemukenza yeiyo yepamusoro sulcus, inowanzonzi Pancoast bundu, inotanga muchikamu chepamusoro chemapapu uye inopararira kumatunhu ari padyo senge chipfuva chemadziro, huru yeropa tsinga, uye musana. Kurapa kwePancoast tumors kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa chete.

• Kuvhiya.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inoteverwa nekuvhiya.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemasanganiswa matsva ekurapa.

Dzimwe nhanho IIIA isiri-diki maseru mapapu matumbu akakurira mumadziro echifuva anogona kubviswa zvachose Kurapa kwechipfuva madziro mamota kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation.

• Radiation kurapa chete.

• Chemotherapy inosanganiswa ne radiation radiation uye / kana kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemasanganiswa matsva ekurapa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu IIIB uye Stage IIIC Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IIIB isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza uye nhanho IIIC isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa neyekunze radiation kurapwa.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa semarapirwo akapatsanurwa panguva imwecheteyo yenguva.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa semarapirwo akapatsanurwa panguva imwe cheteyo yenguva, pamwe neiyo dose ye radiation radiation iri kuwedzera nenguva.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa semarapirwo akapatsanurwa panguva imwecheteyo yenguva. Chemotherapy chete inopihwa usati kana mushure mekurapwa uku.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inoteverwa ne immunotherapy ine immune checkpoint inhibitor, senge durvalumab.

• Kunze kwemwaranzi kurapwa kwega kwevarwere vasingakwanise kurapwa nekemotherapy.

• Kunze kweye radiation kurapwa sekurapa kwekurapa, kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Laser kurapwa uye / kana yemukati radiation kurapwa kurapa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Makiriniki miedzo yenyowani ekunze radiation radiation marongero uye mhando nyowani dzekurapa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy uye radiation kurapwa pamwe ne radiosensitizer.

• Zvemakiriniki miedzo yeakanangwa kurapwa pamwe nekemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve rutsigiro rwekutarisira zviratidzo nezviratidzo sekukosora, kufema kwekufema, uye kurwadziwa pachipfuva, ona inotevera pfupiso:

• Cardiopulmonary Syndromes

• Kanzera kurwadziwa

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Chikamu cheV IV, Yakadzokororwa, uye Inodzokororwa Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Kurapa kweachangobva kuongororwa nhanho IV, kudzoka zvakare, uye kudzokororazve isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy uye yakanangwa kurapwa ne monoclonal antibody, senge bevacizumab, cetuximab, kana necitumumab.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kunoteverwa nemamwe chemotherapy senzira yekuchengetedza kurapwa kubatsira kuchengetedza kenza kubva mukufambira mberi.

• Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa neepidermal kukura factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, senge osimertinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, kana afatinib.

• Targeted Therapy ine anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, senge alectinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, kana lorlatinib.

• Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa neBRAF kana MEK inhibitor, senge dabrafenib kana trametinib.

• Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa neNTRK inhibitor, senge larotrectinib.

• Immunotherapy ine immune checkpoint inhibitor, senge pembrolizumab, iine kana isina chemotherapy.

• Laser kurapa uye / kana yemukati radiation kurapa kwemamota ari kuvharira mafafitera.

• Kunze kweye radiation kurapwa sekurapa kwekurapa, kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu repiri rekutanga.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa cancer yakapararira kuuropi, ichiteverwa nemwaranzi kurapwa kuuropi hwese.

• Stereotactic radiosurgery yemamota akapararira kuuropi uye haigone kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemishonga mitsva uye kusanganiswa kwemishonga.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Progressive Stage IV, Yakadzokororwa, uye Inodzokororwa Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Kurapa kweanofambira mberi nhanho IV, kudzokazve, uye kudzokororwa isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy.

• Targeted Therapy ine epidermal kukura factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, senge erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, kana osimertinib.

• Targeted Therapy ineaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, senge crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, kana brigatinib.

• Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa neBRAF kana MEK inhibitor, senge dabrafenib kana trametinib.

• Immunotherapy ine immune checkpoint inhibitor, senge nivolumab, pembrolizumab, kana atezolizumab.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemishonga mitsva uye kusanganiswa kwemishonga.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Isiri-Diki Cell Lung Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza, ona zvinotevera:

• Lung Cancer Kumba Peji

• Kenza Kenza Kudzivirira

• Lung Cancer Kuongorora

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer

• Targeted Cancer Therapies

• Lasers muCancer Kurapa

• Photodynamic Therapy yeCancer

• Cryosurgery muCancer Kurapa

• Fodya (inosanganisira rubatsiro nekurega)

• Hutsi hweChipiri neCancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira