Mhando / leukemia / murwere / mwana-wese-kurapwa-pdq

Yevacheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Kurapa (®) -Patient Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezvehucheche Rakanyanya Lymphoblastic Leukemia

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Zvepwere acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA) rudzi rwegomarara umo mwongo wepfupa unoita akawandisa ma lymphocyte (rudzi rwechena ropa maseru).

• Leukemia inogona kukanganisa masero matsvuku eropa, machena masero eropa, uye maplatelet.

• Kurapa kwakapfuura kwekenza uye mamwe magene maitiro anokanganisa njodzi yekuve nehucheche ZVESE.

• Zviratidzo zvehucheche ZVESE zvinosanganisira kupisa muviri uye kupwanya.

• Kuyedzwa kunoongorora ropa nemwongo wemapfupa kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora hudiki ZVESE.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Zvepwere acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA) rudzi rwegomarara umo mwongo wepfupa unoita akawandisa ma lymphocyte (rudzi rwechena ropa maseru).

Udiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia (inonziwo ZVESE kana acute lymphocytic leukemia) igomarara reropa nemapfupa. Rudzi urwu rwegomarara kazhinji runokurumidza kukura kana rukasarapwa.

Anatomy yebhonzo. Bhonzo rinoumbwa necompact bone, spongy bone, uye mwongo wefupa. Compact bone rinoumba chikamu chekunze chepfupa. Spongy bone rinowanikwa zvakanyanya kumagumo emabhonzo uye rine mutsvuku. Bhonzo remapfupa rinowanikwa pakati pemapfupa mazhinji uye rine tsinga zhinji dzeropa. Kune mhando mbiri dzemongo wemapfupa: tsvuku uye yero. Mutsvuku mutsvuku une masero eropa anogona kuve masero matsvuku eropa, machena masero eropa, kana maplatelet. Yero mwongo inogadzirwa kazhinji yemafuta.

ZVESE ndiyo mhando yakajairika yegomarara muvana.

Leukemia inogona kukanganisa masero matsvuku eropa, machena masero eropa, uye maplatelet.

Mumwana ane hutano, mwongo wemapfupa unoita maseru eropa (maseru asina kukura) anova masero eropa akakura nekufamba kwenguva. Sero reropa rinogona kuva myeloid stem cell kana lymphoid stem cell.

Iyo myeloid stem sero inova imwe yemhando nhatu dzemasero eropa akura:

• Masero matsvuku eropa anotakura okisijeni nezvimwe zvinhu kumatishu ese emuviri.

• Maplatelet ayo anogadzira ropa kuwacha kubuda ropa.

• Masero machena eropa anorwisa hutachiona nezvirwere.

A lymphoid stem cell inova lymphoblast cell uyezve imwe yemhando nhatu dze lymphocyte (machena masero eropa):

• B ma lymphocyte anogadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

• T lymphocyte dzinobatsira B lymphocyte kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira anobatsira kurwisa hutachiona.

• Maseru anouraya chaiwo anorwisa cancer maseru uye hutachiona.

Ropa masero kukura. Sero reropa rinopinda nematanho akati wandei kuti riite tsvuku reropa, platelet, kana chena reropa.

Mune mwana ane ZVESE, akawandisa masero emadzinde anova ma lymphoblasts, B lymphocyte, kana T lymphocyte. Masero haashande seakajairwa lymphocyte uye haakwanise kurwisa hutachiona zvakanaka. Aya maseru mukenza (leukemia) masero. Zvakare, sezvo huwandu hwemaseru eukemia hunowedzera muropa nemongo wemapfupa, pane nzvimbo shoma yemasero eropa ane hutano, masero matsvuku eropa, uye maplatelet. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuhutachiona, kupererwa neropa, uye nyore kubuda ropa.

Iyi pfupiso iri pamusoro peacute lymphoblastic leukemia muvana, vachiri kuyaruka, uye vechidiki vakuru. Ona inotevera pfupiso yePDPQ yeruzivo nezve mamwe marudzi eleukemia:

• Zvepwere Acute Myeloid Leukemia / Imwe Myeloid Malignancies Kurapa

• Vakuru Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Kurapa

• Chisingaperi Lymphocytic Leukemia Kurapa

• Vakuru Acute Myeloid Leukemia Kurapa

• Chisingaperi Myelogenous Leukemia Kurapa

• Bvudzi Cell Leukemia Kurapa

Kurapa kwakapfuura kwekenza uye mamwe magene maitiro anokanganisa njodzi yekuve nehucheche ZVESE.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wemwana wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako angave ari panjodzi.

Zvimwe zvinogona kuisa njodzi kune VESE zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kufumurwa kuma x-ray asati aberekwa.

• Kuve pachena kune radiation.

• Kurapa kwekare nekemotherapy.

• Kuve nehumwe mamiriro echisikigo, akadai se:

• Down chirwere.

• Neurofibromatosis mhando 1.

• Bloom chirwere.

• Fanconi anemia.

• Ataxia-telangiectasia.

• Li-Fraumeni chirwere.

• Constitutional mismatch kugadzirisa kushomeka (shanduko mune mamwe majeni anomisa DNA kubva pakuzvigadzirisa, izvo zvinotungamira mukukura kwekenza pazera diki).

• Kuva nedzimwe shanduko mumakromosomes kana magene.

Zviratidzo zvehucheche ZVESE zvinosanganisira kupisa muviri uye kupwanya.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa nehucheche ZVESE kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nechiremba wemwana wako kana mwana wako ane chero chinotevera:

• Kupindwa nechando.

• Kupwanya kuri nyore kana kubuda ropa.

• Petechiae (sandara, pini, matema-matsvuku mavara pasi peganda anokonzerwa nekubuda ropa).

• Bone kana kurwadziwa kwemajoini.

• Mapundu asingarwadzire mumutsipa, pasi pechipfuva, mudumbu, kana kugomera.

• Marwadzo kana kunzwa kwekuzara pazasi pembabvu.

• Kushaya simba, kunzwa kuneta, kana kutarisika kuchena.

• Kupererwa nechido.

Kuyedzwa kunoongorora ropa nemwongo wemapfupa kunoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora hudiki ZVESE.

Iyi inotevera miedzo nemaitiro anogona kushandiswa kuongorora hudiki ZVESE uye kuona kana leukemia masero apararira kune mamwe mativi emuviri senge huropi kana machende:

Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

Yakazara huwandu hweropa (CBC) nemusiyano: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa unodhonzwa nekuongororwa zvinotevera:

• Huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa nemaplatelet.

• Nhamba uye mhando yemasero machena eropa.

• Huwandu hwehemoglobin (protein inotakura oxygen) mumasero matsvuku eropa.

• Chikamu chemuenzaniso chakaumbwa nemasero matsvuku eropa.

Yakazara kuverenga ropa (CBC). Ropa rinounganidzwa nekupinza tsono mutsinga uye richiita kuti ropa riyerere muhubhu. Muenzaniso weropa unotumirwa murabhoritari uye masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet anoverengwa. Iyo CBC inoshandiswa kuyedza, kuongorora, uye kuongorora akawanda mamiriro akasiyana.

• Ropa kemesitiri zvidzidzo: Maitiro umo muyedzo weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) chiyero chechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere.

• Bone marrow aspiration uye biopsy: Kubviswa kwemongo wepfupa uye chidimbu chefupa nekuisa tsono isina mhango muhudyu kana pfupa rechipfuva. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona pfupa nemabhonzo pasi pe microscope kutsvaga zviratidzo zvecancer.

Bone marora chishuwo uye biopsy. Mushure mekunge nzvimbo diki yeganda yave nechiveve, tsono yemongo wemapfupa inoiswa mupfupa rehudyu remwana. Samples reropa, bhonzo, uye mwongo wemapfupa zvinobviswa kuti zviongororwe pasi pe microscope.

Iyi bvunzo inotevera inoitwa paropa kana munyama wemapfupa unobviswa:

• Kuongorora kweCytogenetic: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo ma chromosomes emaseru mune muyenzaniso weropa kana mongo wemapfupa anoverengwa uye kuongororwa chero shanduko, sekutyorwa, kushaikwa, kurongedzwa patsva, kana mamwe ma chromosomes. Shanduko mune mamwe ma chromosomes inogona kunge iri chiratidzo checancer. Semuenzaniso, muPhiladelphia chromosome-yakanaka ZVESE, chikamu cheimwe chromosome inoshandura nzvimbo ine chikamu cheimwe chromosome. Iyi inonzi "chromosome yePhiladelphia." Kuongorora kweCytogenetic kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora cancer, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

Philadelphia chromosome. Chidimbu chechromosome 9 uye chidimbu chekromosome 22 chinoputsa uye nzvimbo dzekutengesa. Iyo BCR-ABL gene inoumbwa pane chromosome 22 apo chidimbu che chromosome 9 chinonamira. Iyo yakachinja chromosome 22 inonzi iyo Philadelphia chromosome.

• Immunophenotyping: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira kenza maseru zvichibva pamhando dzemaantigen kana mamaki ari pamusoro pemasero. Iyi bvunzo inoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora chaiwo marudzi eleukemia. Semuenzaniso, masero ekenza anoongororwa kuti aone kana ari maL lymphocyte kana maT lymphocyte.

• Lumbar puncture: Maitiro anoshandiswa kuunganidza sampu yecebrospinal fluid (CSF) kubva pamutsipa wepelinha. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuisa tsono pakati pemabhonzo maviri mumuzongoza nekupinda muCSF yakakomberedza musana uye kubvisa sampu yemvura. Muenzaniso weCSF unotariswa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvekuti masero erukemia apararira kuuropi uye musana. Maitiro aya anonzi zvakare LP kana musana tap.

Lumbar kubaya. Murwere akarara panzvimbo yakamonana patafura. Mushure mekunge diki nzvimbo kumucheto kumashure yave chiveve, tsono yemusana (tsono refu, nhete) inoiswa muchikamu chezasi chepamuviri mbichana kubvisa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, inoratidzwa mublue). Mvura yacho inogona kutumirwa kurabhoritari kunoongororwa.

Maitiro aya anoitwa mushure mekunge leukemia yaonekwa kuti yawana kana masero erukemia apararira kuuropi nemuzongoza. Intrathecal chemotherapy inopihwa mushure mekunge muyero wemvura wabviswa kurapa chero maseru eleukemia anogona kunge akapararira kuuropi uye musana.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. X-ray yechipfuva inoitwa kuti uone kana masero eleukemia aumba hura pakati pechipfuva.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) kunoenderana ne:

• Inokurumidza zvakadii uye yakadzika sei leukemia cell kuverenga inodonha mushure memwedzi wekutanga wekurapa.

• Zera panguva yekuongororwa, bonde, dzinza, uye dzinza.

• Huwandu hwemasero machena eropa muropa panguva yekuongororwa.

• Kunyangwe masero eleukemia akatanga kubva kuB lymphocyte kana T lymphocyte.

• Kunyangwe paine dzimwe shanduko muma chromosomes kana magene ema lymphocyte ane cancer.

• Kunyangwe mwana ane Down syndrome.

• Kunyangwe masero eleukemia anowanikwa mune cerebrospinal fluid.

• Kurema kwemwana panguva yekuongororwa uye panguva yekurapwa.

Kurapa sarudzo kunoenderana ne:

• Kunyangwe masero eleukemia akatanga kubva kuB lymphocyte kana T lymphocyte.

• Kunyangwe mwana ane njodzi-yakatarwa, njodzi-yepamusoro, kana yakanyanya-njodzi ZVESE.

• Zera remwana panguva yekuongororwa.

• Kunyangwe paine dzimwe shanduko mumakromosomes ema lymphocyte, senge chromosome yePhiladelphia.

• Kunyangwe mwana akarapwa nesteroids kutanga kweiyo induction kurapwa.

• Inokurumidza sei uye yakaderera sei iyo leukemia cell kuverenga inodonha panguva yekurapa.

Kune leukemia inodzokazve (inodzoka) mushure mekurapwa, fungidziro uye nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderana zvishoma pane zvinotevera:

• Inguva yakareba zvakadii pakati penguva yekuongororwa uye kana leukemia yadzoka.

• Kunyangwe iyo leukemia inodzoka mumongo wemapfupa kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Njodzi Mapoka Ehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Muhudiki ZVESE, mapoka enjodzi anoshandiswa kuronga kurapwa.

• Kudzokerazve pahudiki ZVESE ikenza yakadzoka mushure mekurapwa.

Muhudiki ZVESE, mapoka enjodzi anoshandiswa kuronga kurapwa.

Kune matatu mapoka enjodzi muhudiki ZVESE. Ivo vanotsanangurwa se:

• Yakajairwa (yakaderera) njodzi: Inosanganisira vana vane makore 1 kusvika pasi pemakore gumi vane chena masero eropa asingasviki 50,000 / /L panguva yekuongororwa.

• Njodzi yakanyanya: Inosanganisira vana vane makore gumi zvichikwira uye / kana vana vane chena masero eropa anosvika zviuru makumi mashanu / µL kana kupfuura panguva yekuongororwa.

• Njodzi yakanyanya kwazvo: Inosanganisira vana vadiki pane zera rekutanga, vana vane dzimwe shanduko mumagen'a, vana vanononoka kupindura kurapwa kwekutanga, uye vana vane zviratidzo zveleukemia mushure memavhiki mana ekutanga ekurapwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa boka rine njodzi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kunyangwe masero eleukemia akatanga kubva kuB lymphocyte kana T lymphocyte.

• Kunyangwe paine dzimwe shanduko muma chromosomes kana magene ema lymphocyte.

• Inokurumidza zvakadii uye yakadzika sei leukemia cell kuverenga inodonha mushure mekutanga kurapwa.

• Kunyangwe masero eleukemia anowanikwa mune cerebrospinal fluid panguva yekuongororwa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive boka rine njodzi kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Vana vane njodzi huru kana vane njodzi huru VOSE vanowanzo gamuchira akawanda anticancer madhiragi uye / kana akanyanya madosi emishonga inorwisa kenza kupfuura vana vane mwero-panjodzi ZVESE.

Kudzokerazve pahudiki ZVESE ikenza yakadzoka mushure mekurapwa.

Iyo leukemia inogona kudzoka muropa uye pfupa mwongo, huropi, musana, machende, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Kunokanganisa hudiki ZVESE ikenza isingapindure pakurapwa.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwehucheche lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA).

• Vana vane VESE vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanachiremba vanova nyanzvi pakurapa chirwere cheleukemia yehucheche.

• Kurapa kwehucheche lymphoblastic leukemia kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Kurapa kwehucheche ZVESE kazhinji kune zvikamu zvitatu.

• Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy ne stem cell yekuisa

• Targeted kurapwa

• Kurapa kunopihwa kuuraya maseru eukemia akapararira kana anogona kupararira kuuropi, musana, kana machende.

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell kurapa

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwehucheche lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA).

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune vana vane acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA). Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa.

Nekuti kenza muvana isingawanzo, kutora chikamu mukutongwa kwekiriniki kunofanirwa kutariswa. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Vana vane VESE vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanachiremba vanova nyanzvi pakurapa chirwere cheleukemia yehucheche. Kurapa kunozoonekwa nachiremba wevana oncologist, chiremba ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa vana vane gomarara. Vanachiremba oncologist vanoshanda nevamwe vana vezvehutano vana vanove nyanzvi yekurapa vana vane leukemia uye vanoziva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemishonga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira vanachiremba vanotevera:

• Chiremba wevana.

• Hematologist.

• Chiremba oncologist.

• Chiremba wechiremba wechiremba.

• Radiation oncologist.

• Neurologist.

• Nyanzvi yezvirwere.

• Radiologist.

• Mukoti wechiremba nyanzvi.

• Wezvemagariro.

• Rehabilitation nyanzvi.

• Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa.

• Mwana-hupenyu nyanzvi.

Kurapa kwehucheche lymphoblastic leukemia kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inotanga panguva yekurapa kenza, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Kugara uchitevera-bvunzo kwakakosha kwazvo. Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kubva pakurapwa nekenza zvinotanga mushure mekurapwa uye kuenderera kwemwedzi kana makore zvinonzi kunonoka kuitika

Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekurapwa nekenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Zvinetso zvepanyama, zvinosanganisira matambudziko ane moyo, tsinga dzeropa, chiropa, kana mapfupa, uye kubereka. Kana dexrazoxane ikapihwa chemotherapy mishonga inonzi anthracyclines, njodzi yekunonoka kwemhedzisiro yemoyo inoderera.

• Shanduko mumanzwiro, manzwiro, kufunga, kudzidza, kana ndangariro. Vana vari pasi pemakore mana vakagamuchira kurapwa nemwaranzi kuuropi vane njodzi yakakwira yemhedzisiro iyi.

• Gomarara repiri (mhando nyowani dzekenza) kana mamwe mamiriro, senge mamota europi, cancer yegomarara, acute myeloid leukemia uye myelodysplastic syndrome

Mimwe mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inogona kurapwa kana kudzorwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure navanachiremba vemwana wako nezve zvingangoitika zvinononoka mhedzisiro zvinokonzerwa nekumwe kurapwa. Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peMagumo Ekurapa kweKenza Yevacheche.

Kurapa kwehucheche ZVESE kazhinji kune zvikamu zvitatu.

Kurapa kwehucheche ZVESE kunoitwa muzvikamu:

• Kuregererwa induction: Ichi chikamu chekutanga chekurapa. Chinangwa ndechekuuraya masero eleukemia muropa nemongo wemapfupa. Izvi zvinoisa leukemia mukuregererwa.

• Kubatanidzwa / kusimbiswa: Ichi chikamu chechipiri chekurapa. Inotanga kana leukemia yava mukuregererwa. Chinangwa chekubatanidza / kusimbisa kurapwa kuuraya chero maseru eecemia anoramba ari mumuviri uye anogona kukonzera kudzokazve.

• Kugadziriswa: Ichi chikamu chechitatu chekurapa. Chinangwa ndechekuuraya chero asara eeleukemia maseru anogona kudzoka uye kukonzera kudzokazve. Kazhinji kurapwa kwegomarara kunopihwa muyero yakaderera pane iyo inoshandiswa panguva yekuregererwa induction uye yekusimbisa / yekuwedzera zvikamu. Kusatora mishonga sekurairwa nachiremba panguva yekurapa kwekuchengetedza kunowedzera mukana kenza ichadzoka. Izvi zvinonzi zvakare kuenderera mberi kwechikamu chechirapa.

Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid (intrathecal), nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, mishonga inokanganisa maseru egomarara munzvimbo idzodzo (chemotherapy yedunhu). Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa anopfuura imwe anticancer mushonga.

Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana neboka renjodzi remwana. Vana vane njodzi huru VOSE vanogamuchira akawanda anticancer madhiragi uye epamusoro madhizaini eanticancer zvinodhaka kupfuura vana vane yakajairwa- njodzi ZVEZVO. Intrathecal chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa kurapa hucheche ZVESE izvo zvakapararira, kana zvinogona kupararira, kune huropi uye musana.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Iyo nzira iyo radiation radiation inopihwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwegomarara riri kurapwa. External radiation therapy inogona kushandiswa kurapa hudiki ZVESE izvo zvakapararira, kana zvinogona kupararira, kune huropi, musana, kana machende. Iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzirira mwongo wefupa weiyo stem cell transplant.

Chemotherapy ne stem cell yekuisa

Chemotherapy uye dzimwe nguva yakazara-muviri irradiation inopihwa kuuraya cancer maseru. Masero ane hutano, kusanganisira masero anogadzira ropa, anoparadzwa nekenza kurapwa. Stem cell transplant kurapwa kwekutsiva maseru anogadzira ropa. Masero emashizha (masero eropa asina kusimba) anobviswa muropa kana mwongo wemapfupa emurwere kana mupi uye anoomeswa nechando. Mushure mekunge murwere apedza chemotherapy uye radiation radiation, iyo yakachengetwa masero maseru anonyungudutswa uye ndokudzoserwa kumurwere kuburikidza nekumukiswa. Aya akadzikiswa maseru emadzinde anokura kuita (uye kudzoreredza) masero eropa emuviri.

Stem cell transplant haigone kushandiswa sekutanga kurapwa kwevana nevechiri kuyaruka neVOSE. Inoshandiswa kazhinji sechikamu chekurapa kweZVESE izvo zvinodzokazve (zvinodzoka mushure mekurapwa).

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Stem cell kuisirwa. (Nhanho 1): Ropa rinotorwa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rweanopa. Ropa rinoyerera nemuchina unobvisa masero emadzinde. Ipapo iro ropa rinodzoserwa kune anenge apa kuburikidza netsinga iri mune rumwe ruoko. (Nhanho 2): Murwere anogamuchira chemotherapy kuuraya masero anogadzira ropa. Murwere anogona kupihwa radiation radiation (isina kuratidzwa). (Nhanho 3): Murwere anogamuchira masero emadzinde kuburikidza nekateti yakaiswa mumudziyo weropa muchipfuva.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted Therapise kurapwa kunoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvione uye nekurwisa chaiwo maseru ekenza pasina kukuvadza zvakajairika maseru. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeakanangwa kurapwa.

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inotarisirwa kurapa mishonga inovhara iyo enzyme, tyrosine kinase, iyo inokonzeresa masero emadzimai kuti ave akawanda machena masero eropa kana kuputika kupfuura izvo zvinoda muviri. Imatinib mesylate ndeye TKI inoshandiswa pakurapa vana vane Philadelphia chromosome-positive YOSE. Dasatinib uye ruxolitinib ndezveTKI izvo zviri kuongororwa mukurapa kweachangobva kuongororwa ane njodzi huru ZVESE.

• Monoclonal antibody therapy ndeye kenza kurapa iyo inoshandisa masoja akagadzirwa murabhoritari, kubva kune imwechete mhando yemasoja ekudzivirira maseru. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane cancer cancer kana zvakajairika zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira gomarara maseru kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuachengeta kuti asapararire. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza. Blinatumomab uye inotuzumab ndiwo monoclonal antibodies ari kuongororwa mukurapa kweanopokana achiri mudiki ZVESE.

• Proteasome inhibitor therapy rudzi rwekurapa kwakanangwa kunodzivirira kuita kweproteasomes mumasero ekenza. MaProteasomes anobvisa mapuroteni asingachadiwe nesero. Kana maproteasomes akavharwa, mapuroteni anovakwa muchitokisi uye anogona kukonzera kuti kenza sero ife. Bortezomib rudzi rweproteasome inhibitor kurapa inoshandiswa kurapa kudzokazve paudiki ZVAZVO.

Mhando nyowani yemishonga yakanangwa irikudzidzwawo mukurapa kwehucheche ZVESE.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Kurapa kunopihwa kuuraya maseru eukemia akapararira kana anogona kupararira kuuropi, musana, kana machende.

Kurapa kwekuuraya maseru eukemia kana kudzivirira kupararira kwemasero eleukemia kuenda kuuropi uye musana (wepakati tsinga system; CNS) inonzi CNS-inotungamirwa kurapwa. Chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa kurapa maseru eukemia akapararira, kana anogona kupararira, kuuropi uye musana. Nekuti zviyero zvakajairika zvemakemotherapy zvinogona kutadza kusvika kumasero eecukemia muCNS, maseru anokwanisa kuhwanda muCNS Systemic chemotherapy inopihwa yakakwira doses kana intrathecal chemotherapy (mukati meiyo cerebrospinal fluid) inokwanisa kusvika masero eleukemia muCNS. Dzimwe nguva kurapwa kwekunze kwemwaranzi kuuropi kunopihwa zvakare.

Intrathecal chemotherapy. Anticancer zvinodhaka zvinopinda mukati meiyo intrathecal nzvimbo, inova iyo nzvimbo inobata iyo cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, inoratidzwa mublue). Pane nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuita izvi. Imwe nzira, inoratidzwa muchikamu chepamusoro chemufananidzo, kuisa majekiseni mumugodhi weOmaya (mudziyo wakaita sedome wakaiswa pasi peganda panguva yekuvhiyiwa; inobata mishonga painenge ichiyerera nepombi diki ichienda muuropi ). Imwe nzira, inoratidzwa muchikamu chepazasi chemufananidzo, kupinza mishonga yakananga muCSF muchikamu chezasi chepamuviri, mushure mekunge nharaunda diki kumusana wezasi yave nechiveve.

Aya marapirwo anopiwa mukuwedzera kurapa uko kunoshandiswa kuuraya maseru eukemia mune ese muviri. Vese vana vane Vese vanogamuchira CNS-inotungamirwa kurapwa sechikamu cheiyo induction kurapwa uye yekubatanidza / yekusimbisa kurapwa uye dzimwe nguva panguva yekuchengetedza kurapwa

Kana masero eleukemia akapararira kumachende, kurapwa kunosanganisira madosi epamusoro e systemic chemotherapy uye dzimwe nguva kurapwa nemwaranzi.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell kurapa

CAR T-cell kurapa rudzi rwe immunotherapy iyo inoshandura yemurwere T masero (rudzi rwe immune immune cell) saka ivo vanozorwisa mamwe mapuroteni ari pamusoro pecancer maseru. T maseru anotorwa kubva kumurwere uye akakosha maakagamuchirwa anowedzerwa kumusoro kwawo murabhoritari. Masero akachinjwa anonzi chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T masero. Masero eCAR T anokurirwa murabhoritari uye anopiwa murwere nekumukisa. Masero eCAR T anowanda muropa remurwere uye anorwisa maseru egomarara. CAR T-cell kurapa kuri kuongororwa mukurapa kwehucheche ZVESE izvo zvadzoka (dzoka) kechipiri.

MOTO T-cell kurapa. Rudzi rwekurapa umo masero eT emurwere (rudzi rwemuviri wemasero emuviri) anochinjwa murabhoritari kuitira kuti vasunge masero egomarara vovauraya. Ropa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwemurwere inoyerera nepombi kusvika kumuchina weapheresis (usina kuratidzwa), unobvisa masero eropa machena, kusanganisira maT seli, uye wotumira iro rasara rose ropa kumurwere. Zvino, iyo geni yeakagamuchirwa yakakosha inonzi chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) inoiswa mukati meT maseru murabhoritari. Mamirioni emaCAR T maseru anokurirwa murabhoritari uye ndokuzopihwa kumurwere nekumukisa. Masero eCAR T anokwanisa kusunga kune antigen pane masero ekenza uye nekuvauraya.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro emwana wako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Bone marrow aspiration uye biopsy inoitwa panguva dzese dzekurapa kuti uone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Muchikamu chino

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Standard Risk)

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Yakanyanya Njodzi)

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Yakanyanya Njodzi)

• Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Akakosha Mapoka)

• T-cell yehudiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia

• Vacheche vane ALL

• Vana vane makore gumi zvichikwira uye vachiri kuyaruka neVOSE

• Philadelphia chromosome – yakanaka ZVESE

• Refractory Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

• Kudzokerazve Kwehudiki Zvakanyanya Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Standard Risk)

Kurapa kweyakajairika-panjodzi yehudiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVESE) panguva yekuregererwa induction, kubatanidzwa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogara zvinosanganisira mubatanidzwa chemotherapy. Kana vana vari mukuregererwa mushure mekuregererwa induction kurapwa, iyo stem cell yekuisa uchishandisa maseru emuti kubva kune anopa anogona kuitwa. Kana vana vasiri mukuregererwa mushure mekuregererwa induction kurapwa, kumwezve kurapwa kazhinji kurapwa kwakafanana kunopihwa kune vana vane njodzi huru ZVEZVO.

Intrathecal chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kupararira kwemaseru eukemia kuuropi uye musana.

Mishonga iri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kweyakajairika-njodzi ZVESE zvinosanganisira nyowani chemotherapy regimens.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Yakanyanya Njodzi)

Kurapa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona (ALL) panguva yekuregererwa kwekuregererwa, kusimbiswa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza nguva dzose zvinosanganisira kusanganiswa chemotherapy. Vana vari munjodzi huru BOKA rese rinopihwa akawanda anticancer madhiragi uye madosi epamusoro emushonga wekenza, kunyanya panguva yekusimbisa / yekuwedzera chikamu, kupfuura vana vari muboka rine njodzi.

Intrathecal uye systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kana kurapa kupararira kwemasero eleukemia kuuropi uye musana. Dzimwe nguva kurapwa nemwaranzi kuuropi kunopihwa zvakare.

Mishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwengozi-huru ZVESE zvinosanganisira nyowani chemotherapy regimens ine kana isina yakanangwa kurapa kana stem cell kuisirwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Yakanyanya Njodzi)

Kurapa kwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hweacute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVESE) panguva yekuregererwa induction, kubatanidzwa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogara zvichisanganisa chemotherapy. Vana vari muboka rine njodzi huru Boka rose vanopihwa mishonga inorwisa kenza kupfuura vana vari muboka rine njodzi huru. Hazvisi pachena kana stem cell yekuisa mukati mekuregererwa kwekutanga ichabatsira mwana kurarama kwenguva yakareba.

Intrathecal uye systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kana kurapa kupararira kwemasero eleukemia kuuropi uye musana. Dzimwe nguva kurapwa nemwaranzi kuuropi kunopihwa zvakare.

Mishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuyedzwa kweakanyanya-njodzi ZVESE zvinosanganisira matsva machemotherapy marimeni ane kana asina tarisiro yekurapa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Ichangobva Kuzivikanwa Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Akakosha Mapoka)

T-cell yehudiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Kurapa kweT-cell yehucheche lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVESE) panguva yekuregererwa induction, kubatanidzwa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogara zvichisanganisa chemotherapy. Vana vane T-cell Vese vanopihwa akawanda anticancer madhiragi uye epamusoro madhizaini eanticancer zvinodhaka kupfuura vana vari muchangobva kuchangobva kuwanikwa standard-njodzi boka.

Intrathecal uye systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kupararira kwemaseru eukemia kuuropi uye musana. Dzimwe nguva kurapwa nemwaranzi kuuropi kunopihwa zvakare.

Mishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kweT-cell ZVESE zvinosanganisira nyowani anticancer vamiririri uye chemotherapy regimens ine kana isina yakanangwa kurapa.

Vacheche vane ALL

Kurapa kwevacheche neZVESE panguva yekuregererwa kuburitswa, kusimbiswa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogara zvinosanganisira mubatanidzwa chemotherapy. Vacheche vaneZVESE vanopihwa akasiyana anticancer madhiragi uye madosi epamusoro emushonga wekenza kupfuura vana vane gore rimwe uye vakuru muboka rine njodzi. Hazvisi pachena kana stem cell yekuisa mukati mekuregererwa kwekutanga ichabatsira mwana kurarama kwenguva yakareba.

Intrathecal uye systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kupararira kwemaseru eukemia kuuropi uye musana.

Mishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwevacheche neZVESE zvinosanganisira chemotherapy kune vacheche vane imwe geni shanduko.

Vana vane makore gumi zvichikwira uye vachiri kuyaruka neVOSE

Kurapa kweZVESE muvana nevechiri kuyaruka (makore gumi zvichikwira) panguva yekuregererwa kuburitswa, kusimbiswa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogara zvinosanganisira mubatanidzwa chemotherapy. Vana vane makore gumi zvichikwira uye vachiri kuyaruka neVOSE vanopihwa akawanda anticancer madhiragi uye madosi epamusoro emishonga inorwisa kenza kupfuura vana vari muboka rine njodzi.

Intrathecal uye systemic chemotherapy inopihwa kudzivirira kupararira kwemaseru eukemia kuuropi uye musana. Dzimwe nguva kurapwa nemwaranzi kuuropi kunopihwa zvakare.

Mishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwevana vane makore gumi uye vakuru uye vachiri kuyaruka neVOSE anosanganisira matsva anticancer vamiririri uye chemotherapy regimens ine kana isina yakanangwa kurapa.

Philadelphia chromosome – yakanaka ZVESE

Kurapa kwePhiladelphia chromosome-yakanaka yehucheche ZVESE panguva yekuregererwa kuburitswa, kusimbiswa / kusimbiswa, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kubatanidzwa chemotherapy uye yakanangwa kurapwa ne tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) ine kana isina stem cell yekuisa uchishandisa masero emuti kubva kune anopa.

Marapirwo ari kufundwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwePhiladelphia chromosome-yakanaka hudiki ZVESE zvinosanganisira itsva regimen yeiyo yakanangwa kurapa (imatinib mesylate) uye musanganiswa chemotherapy pamwe kana isina stem cell yekuisa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Refractory Yehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Iko hakuna kwakajairika kurapwa kwekurapa kweanopokana kwehucheche acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVESE).

Kurapa kwekuratidzira kwehucheche ZVESE zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Targeted therapy (blinatumomab kana inotuzumab).

• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell kurapa.

Kudzokerazve Kwehudiki Zvakanyanya Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Kurapa kwakasarudzika kwekudzokazve kwevechidiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA) iyo inodzoka mumongo wemapfupa inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy pamwe kana isina yakanangwa kurapwa (bortezomib).

• Stem cell transplant, uchishandisa maseru emadziro kubva kune anopa.

Kurapa kwakasarudzika kwekudzokazve kwevechidiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ZVA) iyo inodzoka kunze kwemongo wemapfupa inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Systemic chemotherapy uye intrathecal chemotherapy ine radiation radiation kuuropi uye / kana musana wesana wekenza unodzoka muuropi uye musana chete.

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy uye radiation radiation yekenza inodzoka mumachende chete.

• Stem cell transplant yekenza yakadzokedzana muuropi uye / kana musana wesipinha.

Mimwe yemishonga irikudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa kwehukama hwakadzoserwa ZVESE zvinosanganisira:

• Iyo itsva regimen yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy uye yakanangwa kurapa (blinatumomab).

• Rudzi rutsva rwemakemikari mushonga.

• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell kurapa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Pamusoro Pehucheche Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezvehudiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ona zvinotevera:

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans uye Cancer

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kune Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

• Ropa-Richigadzira Stem Cell Inoshandura

• Targeted Cancer Therapies

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwegomarara rehucheche uye zvimwe zvecancer zviwanikwa, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Cancers Yevacheche

• Kurapa Kutsvaga Kwevana Cancer Buda Disclaimer

• Mahedhi Ekupedzisira Ekurapwa kweKenza Yevacheche

• Vechidiki uye Vechidiki Vakuru vane Cancer

• Vana vane Cancer: Nhungamiro Yevabereki

• Kenza muVana neVachiri kuyaruka

• Stage

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira