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Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru) Versi

General Ruzivo nezveParanasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara chirwere umo maronda (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu ezvitadzo zveparanasal uye mhino yemhino.

• Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero muparanasal sinus uye mhino mhino inogona kuve yakaipa.

• Kuoneswa pachena kune mamwe makemikari kana guruva munzvimbo yebasa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yeparanasal sinus nekenza yemumhino.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara zvinosanganisira sinus matambudziko uye nosebleeds.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora zvitadzo uye mhino zvinoshandiswa kuongorora chirwere cheparanasal uye gomarara remumhino.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara chirwere umo maronda (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu ezvitadzo zveparanasal uye mhino yemhino.

Paranasal zvivi

"Paranasal" zvinoreva padyo nemhino. Iyo para sinuses haina mhango, nzvimbo dzakazadzwa nemhepo mumapfupa akakomberedza mhino. Iwo masinuse akafukidzwa nemaseru anogadzira mamasi, ayo anochengeta mukati memhino kuti irege kuoma panguva yekufema.

Anatomy yezvitadzo zveparanasal (nzvimbo pakati pemabhonzo akatenderedza mhino).

Kune akati wandei para zvitadzo zvakatumidzwa mushure memapfupa anoatenderedza.

• Mativi ekumberi ari muhuma yepasi pamusoro pemhino.

• Iyo maxillary sinuses ari mumatama ematama kune ese mativi emhino.

• Iwo matema ethmoid ari padivi pemhino yepamusoro, pakati pemeso.

• Iwo maspenoid sinuses ari kumashure kwemhino, pakati pehenya.

Nasal mhango

Mhino inovhurika mukati memhino, iyo yakakamurwa kuita miviri yemhino. Mhepo inofamba nepakati pendima idzi panguva yekufema. Mhino yemhuno iri pamusoro pebhonzo inoumba denga remuromo uye inodzika kumusana kuti ubatanidze huro. Nzvimbo ingori mukati memhino inonzi mhino yemhino. Nharaunda diki yemasero akakosha padenga reimwe neimwe nzira yemhino inotumira mameseji kuuropi kuti ipe pfungwa yekunhuwidza.

Pamwe chete zvitadzo zveparanasal uye nasal mhango yekusefa uye kudziya mweya, uye kuigadzira yakanyorova isati yapinda mumapapu. Kufamba kwemweya kuburikidza nezvitadzo nezvimwe zvikamu zvefemero zvinobatsira kuita ruzha rwekutaura.

Paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara rudzi rwemusoro negomarara gomarara.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero muparanasal sinus uye mhino mhino inogona kuve yakaipa.

Rudzi rwakajairika rweparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara squamous cell carcinoma. Rudzi urwu rwegomarara runoumbika mumatete, matete maseru anonamira mukati mezvitadzo zveparanasal uye mhino yemhino.

Dzimwe mhando dzeparanasal sinus uye yemhino mhino kenza inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Melanomas: Kenza inotanga mumasero anonzi melanocytes, iwo maseru anopa ganda ruvara rwechisikirwo.

• Sarcomas: Kenza inotanga mune mhasuru kana inosangana nyama.

• Inverting papillomas: Bhenign tumors inoumba mukati memhino. Chiverengero chidiki cheichi chinoshanduka kuita cancer.

• Midline granulomas: Cancer yemasuru mukati mepakati pechiso.

Kuoneswa pachena kune mamwe makemikari kana guruva munzvimbo yebasa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yeparanasal sinus nekenza yemumhino.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wako wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi. Njodzi zvinhu zveparanasal sinus uye yemhino mhanza kenza inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuoneswa pachena kune mamwe makemikari epabasa kana guruva, senge anowanikwa mune anotevera mabasa:

• Kugadzira fanicha.

• Basa remasaha.

• Kuveza (kuveza).

• Kugadzira shangu.

• Simbi-yakanamirwa pamifananidzo.

• Flour mill kana bakery basa.

• Kutapukirwa nepillomavirus yemunhu (HPV).

• Kuva murume uye mukuru kudarika makore makumi mana.

• Kusvuta.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara zvinosanganisira sinus matambudziko uye nosebleeds.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa neparanasal sinus uye yemumhino mhanza gomarara kana nemamwe mamiriro. Panogona kunge pasina zviratidzo kana zviratidzo mumatanho ekutanga. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka apo bundu rinokura. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Akavharirwa mativi asina kujeka, kana sinus kumanikidza.

• Kutemwa nemusoro kana kurwadziwa munzvimbo dzechitema.

• Mhino inomhanya.

• Mhino dzemhino.

• Bundu kana ronda mukati memhuno risingarape.

• Bundu kumeso kana padenga remuromo.

• Unhu kana kugwinha kumeso.

• Kuzvimba kana rimwe dambudziko nemaziso, sekutarisa kaviri kana maziso anongedzera munzira dzakasiyana.

• Marwadzo emazino ekumusoro, mazino akasununguka, kana mazino ekuti haachakwanise mushe.

• Marwadzo kana kumanikidza munzeve.

Kuyedza kunoongorora zvitadzo uye mhino zvinoshandiswa kuongorora chirwere cheparanasal uye gomarara remumhino.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwemuviri uye nhoroondo yehutano: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Kuongorora kwepanyama kwemhino, kumeso, uye mutsipa: Kuongorora uko chiremba anotarisa mumhino negirazi diki, rakareba-rakareba kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika uye kutarisa kumeso nemutsipa kwemapundu kana kuzvimba kwema lymph node.

• X-ray yemusoro nemutsipa: X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, ichigadzira mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Kune matatu marudzi ebiopsy:

• Fine-sindano aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Kubviswa kwetissue kana fluid kushandisa tsono yakatetepa.

• Incisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwechikamu chenzvimbo yetishu isingatarise kunge yakajairwa.

• Excisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwenzvimbo yese yetissue iyo isingatarise seyakajairika.

• Nasoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa mukati memhino yenzvimbo dzisina kujairika. A nasoscope inoiswa mumhino. Nasoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje nelenzi yekutarisa. Chishandiso chakakosha pane nasoscope inogona kushandiswa kubvisa sampuli yetishu. Iwo matissue sampuli anoonekwa pasi pe microscope nana pathologist kutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer.

• Laryngoscopy: Maitiro umo chiremba anoongorora dokoriro (izwi bhokisi) negirazi kana laryngoscope kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iyo laryngoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona mukati mehuro nezwi bhokisi. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Iko iko bundu riri mune yeparanasal sinus kana yemhino mhango uye kuti yapararira here.

• Kukura kwebundu.

• Rudzi rwecancer.

• Zera remurwere uye hutano hwese.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza kanzuru inowanzove yakapararira nenguva yavanowanikwa uye yakaoma kupora. Mushure mekurapwa, hupenyu hwese hwekungwarira uye nekungwarira kutevedzera kwakakosha nekuti kune njodzi yakawedzera yekuvandudza rwechipiri rudzi rwekenza mumusoro kana mutsipa.

Matanho eParanasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure meparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara yaonekwa, kuyedzwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati meparanasal sinuses uye nasal mhango kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Iko hakuna yakajairwa staging system yekenza yeiyo sphenoid uye yekumberi zvivi.

• Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune maxillary sinus cancer:

• Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

• Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa kumhino yemhino uye ethmoid sinus cancer

• Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

• Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, nhanho yekenza inogona kuchinja uye kumwe kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa.

Mushure meparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara yaonekwa, kuyedzwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati meparanasal sinuses uye nasal mhango kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana kenza yapararira mukati mezvipenga zveparanasal uye mhino yemhino kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinodaidzwa kunzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• Endoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa nhengo uye zvinyama mukati memuviri kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Endoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nekuvhura mumuviri, senge mhino kana muromo. Endoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa tishu kana lymph node sampuli, dzinoongororwa pasi pe microscope kuti dzive nezviratidzo zvehosha.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ine gadolinium: Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Dzimwe nguva chinhu chinonzi gadolinium chinopinzwa mutsinga. Iyo gadolinium inounganidza yakatenderedza maseru ekenza kuitira kuti varatidze kupenya mumufananidzo. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara remumhino remhino richipararira kusvika kumapapu, masero emukenza mumapapu ndiwo masero emukenza emumhino. Chirwere ichi chinonzi metastatic nasal cavity cancer, kwete cancer yemukenza

Iko hakuna yakajairwa staging system yekenza yeiyo sphenoid uye yekumberi zvivi.

Iyo staging inotsanangurwa pazasi yeiyo maxillary uye ethmoid sinuses uye iyo mhino mhango inoshandiswa chete kune varwere vasina kumbobvira vaine lymph node mumutsipa kubviswa uye kutariswa zviratidzo zvecancer.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune maxillary sinus cancer:

Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

Muchikamu che0, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune mucous membranes anonamira maxillary sinus. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chinonziwo carcinoma in situ.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga ini, kenza yakaumbwa mukati memukati memukati meiyo maxillary sinus.

Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, kenza yakapararira kusvika pfupa rakatenderedza maxillary sinus, kusanganisira padenga remuromo nemhino, asi kwete kune bhonzo kuseri kweiyo maxillary sinus kana chikamu cheiyo sphenoid bone kuseri kweiyo kumusoro shaya.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, kenza yapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Bhonzo riri kumashure kweiyo maxillary sinus.

• Iwo matukisi ari pasi peganda.

• Chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino kana pasi pegumi reziso.

• Nzvimbo iri kuseri kwedama pfupa.

• Iyo ethmoid sinus.

kana

Cancer inowanikwa mune maxillary sinus uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune chero eanotevera:

• Iwo mapfupa akatenderedza maxillary sinus, kusanganisira padenga remuromo nemhino.

• Iwo matukisi ari pasi peganda.

• Chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino kana pasi pegumi reziso.

• Nzvimbo iri kuseri kwedama pfupa.

• Iyo ethmoid sinus.

Kenza yakapararirawo kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe rwemutsipa segomarara, uye iyo node node iri masendimita matatu kana madiki.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA, IVB, uye IVC.

Chikamu IVA

Muchikamu cheIVA, gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Ziso.

• Ganda redama.

• Icho chikamu che sphenoid bone kuseri kweiyo shaya yepamusoro.

• Nzvimbo iri kuseri kwesaya yepamusoro.

• Bhonzo riri pakati pemeso.

• Iyo sphenoid kana yekumberi zvivi.

Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe remutsipa sekenza, uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki.

kana

Cancer inowanikwa mune maxillary sinus uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune chero eanotevera:

• Iwo mapfupa akatenderedza maxillary sinus, kusanganisira padenga remuromo nemhino.

• Bhonzo riri pakati pemeso.

• Iwo matukisi ari pasi peganda.

• Ganda redama.

• Ziso, chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino, kana pasi peziso reziso.

• Nzvimbo iri kuseri kwedama pfupa.

• Icho chikamu che sphenoid bone kuseri kweiyo shaya yepamusoro.

• Nzvimbo iri kuseri kwesaya yepamusoro.

• Iyo ethmoid, sphenoid, kana yekumberi zvivi.

Kenza yakapararirawo kune chimwe cheanotevera:

• imwe lymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa sekenza uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika 3 masentimita asi isina kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu; kana

• zvinopfuura imwe lymph node padivi rimwe remutsipa sekenza uye ma "lymph node" haakure kupfuura masendimita matanhatu; kana

• maLymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa sekenza kana pamativi ese emutsipa, uye ma "lymph node" haana kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu.

Chikamu IVB

Muchikamu IVB, kenza yapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Nzvimbo iri kumashure kweziso.

• Uropi.

• Nhengo dzepakati pehenya.

• Tsinga dzinotanga muuropi uye dzinoenda kumeso, mutsipa, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi (cranial nerves).

• Chikamu chepamusoro chehuro kuseri kwemhino.

• Hwaro hwehenya iri padyo netambo yemusana.

Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe kana mamwe ma "lymph node" ehukuru hwese, chero pamutsipa.

kana

Gomarara rinogona kuwanikwa chero mukati kana padyo neiyo maxillary sinus. Kenza yakapararira kune lymph node yakakura kudarika masendimita matanhatu kana yakapararira kuburikidza nekuvharidzira kwekunze kweiyo node node mune inowoneka matishu.

Nhanho IVC

Muchikamu cheIVC, gomarara rinogona kuwanikwa chero mukati kana padyo neiyo maxillary sinus, inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node, uye yakapararira kune nhengo dziri kure neiyo maxillary sinus, semapapu.

Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa kumhino yemhino uye ethmoid sinus cancer

Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

Muchikamu chechipiri, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune mucous membranes anonamira mhino yemhino kana ethmoid sinus. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chinonziwo carcinoma in situ.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga, kenza yakaumbwa uye inowanikwa munzvimbo imwechete chete yemhino kana iyo ethmoid sinus uye inogona kunge yakapararira ikaita pfupa.

Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, gomarara rinowanikwa munzvimbo mbiri dzenzvimbo yemhino kana sinamo ethmoid iri padhuze nepadhuze, kana gomarara rapararira kunharaunda iri padyo nezvivi. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kuita pfupa.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, kenza yapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino kana pasi pegumi reziso.

• Iyo maxillary sinus.

• Denga remuromo.

• Bhonzo riri pakati pemeso.

kana

Kenza inowanikwa mukati memhino kana ethmoid sinus uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune chero eanotevera:

• Chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino kana pasi pegumi reziso.

• Iyo maxillary sinus.

• Denga remuromo.

• Bhonzo riri pakati pemeso.

Kenza yakapararirawo kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe rwemutsipa segomarara, uye iyo node node iri masendimita matatu kana madiki.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA, IVB, uye IVC.

Chikamu IVA

Muchikamu cheIVA, gomarara rapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Ziso.

• Ganda remhino kana dama.

• Zvikamu zvemberi zvehenya.

• Icho chikamu che sphenoid bone kuseri kweiyo shaya yepamusoro.

• Iyo sphenoid kana yekumberi zvivi.

Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe remutsipa sekenza, uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki.

kana

Kenza inowanikwa mukati memhino kana ethmoid sinus uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune chero eanotevera:

• Ziso, chikamu cheketeni reziso padyo nemhino, kana pasi peziso reziso.

• Ganda remhino kana dama.

• Zvikamu zvemberi zvehenya.

• Icho chikamu che sphenoid bone kuseri kweiyo shaya yepamusoro.

• Iyo sphenoid kana yekumberi zvivi.

Kenza yakapararirawo kune chimwe cheanotevera:

• imwe lymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa sekenza uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika 3 masentimita asi isina kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu; kana

• zvinopfuura imwe lymph node padivi rimwe remutsipa sekenza uye ma "lymph node" haakure kupfuura masendimita matanhatu; kana

• maLymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa sekenza kana pamativi ese emutsipa, uye ma "lymph node" haana kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu.

Chikamu IVB

Muchikamu IVB, kenza yapararira kune chero chinotevera:

• Nzvimbo iri kumashure kweziso.

• Uropi.

• Nhengo dzepakati pehenya.

• Tsinga dzinotanga muuropi uye dzinoenda kumeso, mutsipa, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi (cranial nerves).

• Chikamu chepamusoro chehuro kuseri kwemhino.

• Hwaro hwehenya iri padyo netambo yemusana.

Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe kana mamwe ma "lymph node" ehukuru hwese, chero pamutsipa.

kana

Gomarara rinogona kuwanikwa chero mukati kana padyo nemhino uye ethmoid sinus. Kenza yakapararira kune lymph node yakakura kudarika masendimita matanhatu kana yakapararira kuburikidza nekuvharidzira kwekunze kweiyo node node mune inowoneka matishu.

Nhanho IVC

Muchikamu cheIVC, kenza inogona kuwanikwa chero mukati kana padyo nemhino uye ethmoid sinus, inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node, uye yakapararira kunhengo dziri kure nemhino uye ethmoid sinus, semapapu.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, nhanho yekenza inogona kuchinja uye kumwe kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa.

Kana gomarara rikabviswa nekuvhiyiwa, chiremba wezvekurwara anoongorora muyenzaniso wecancer tishu pasi pe microscope Dzimwe nguva, kuongororwa kwehutachiona kunoguma neshanduko padanho rekenza uye kumwe kurapwa kunodiwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Dzokororo Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Anowanzoitika paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara kenza yakadzokazve (kudzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka muzvivi zveparanasal uye mhino yemumhino kana mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara.

• Varwere vane paranasal sinus uye yemumhino mhanza gomarara vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kwakarongwa nechikwata chemachiremba ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa kenza yemusoro neyemutsipa.

• Mhando mitatu yekurapa kwakajairika inoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Kurapa kweparanasal sinus uye yemumhino yemukenza yemukenza kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kune varwere vane paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Varwere vane paranasal sinus uye yemumhino mhanza gomarara vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kwakarongwa nechikwata chemachiremba ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa kenza yemusoro neyemutsipa.

Kurapa kuchazotarisirwa nachiremba oncologist, chiremba uyo ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa vanhu vane gomarara. Chiremba oncologist anoshanda nevamwe vanachiremba vanove nyanzvi pakurapa varwere vane gomarara remusoro nemutsipa uye vanoziva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemishonga nekuvandudza. Varwere vane paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza kenza vangangoda rubatsiro rwakakosha kugadzirisa kumatambudziko ekufema kana zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvecancer uye kurapwa kwayo. Kana huwandu hwakawanda hweturu kana bhonzo rakatenderedza mativi eparanasal kana mhino yemhino ichiburitswa, kuvhiya kwepurasitiki kunogona kuitwa kugadzirisa kana kuvakazve nzvimbo. Bato rekurapa rinogona kusanganisira vanachiremba vanotevera:

• Radiation oncologist.

• Neurologist.

• Chiremba wemumuromo kana chiremba wemutsipa.

• Chiremba wepurasitiki.

• Chiremba wemazino.

• Nutritionist.

• Kutaura uye mutauro pathologist.

• Rehabilitation nyanzvi.

Mhando mitatu yekurapa kwakajairika inoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya (kubvisa kenza mukuvhiya) kurapwa kwakajairika kune ese matanho eparanasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara. Chiremba anogona kubvisa gomarara uye mamwe matissue ane hutano uye bone rakakomberedza gomarara. Kana kenza yapararira, chiremba anogona kubvisa lymph node uye mamwe matukisi mumutsipa.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza. Iyo yakazara dhizeti ye radiation radiation dzimwe nguva inogoverwa kuita akati wandei madiki, akaenzana madhizaini akaendeswa mukati memazuva akati wandei Izvi zvinonzi chidimbu.

Kunze-danda radiation kurapwa kwemusoro nemutsipa. Mushini unoshandiswa kunongedza mwenje wemagetsi ane simba pane kenza. Mushini unogona kutenderera uchitenderera murwere, uchiendesa mwaranzi kubva kumakona mazhinji akasiyana kuti upe kurapwa kwakaringana. Iyo mesh mask inobatsira kuchengetedza musoro nemutsipa wemurwere kubva pakufamba panguva yekurapwa. Madiki inki mamaki anoiswa pamask. Iwo inki mamaki anoshandiswa kumisikidza iyo radiation radiation mune imwecheteyo nzvimbo pamberi pega kurapwa.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Kunze uye kwemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandiswa kurapa paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara.

Kurapa kwekunze kwemwaranzi kune iyo utachiona kana iyo pituitary gland inogona kuchinja mashandiro anoita gland yegland. Utachiona hwehormone muropa hunogona kuongororwa usati uye mushure mekurapwa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy). Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa anopfuura imwe anticancer mushonga.

Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvakagamuchirwa kuMusoro neNeck Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. (Paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza kenza mhando yemusoro uye wemutsipa kenza.)

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa . Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Kurapa kweparanasal sinus uye yemumhino yemukenza yemukenza kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kurapa kweStage I Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwedanho I paranasal sinus uye yemhino mhanza kenza inoenderana nekuti kenza inowanikwa kupi muparanasal sinuses uye nasal mhango:

• Kana kenza iri mune maxillary sinus, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation radiation.

• Kana kenza iri mune ethmoid sinus, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation uye / kana kuvhiyiwa.

• Kana kenza iri mune sphenoid sinus, kurapwa kwakafanana nekenza nasopharyngeal, kazhinji radiation radiation. (Ona pfupiso ye paNasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

• Kana gomarara riri mumhino, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Nezve inverting papillomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

• Kune melanomas uye sarcomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation radiation uye chemotherapy.

• Kune midline granulomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation.

• Kana kenza iri mumhino yemhino, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa kana kurapwa kwemwaranzi.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage II Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwechitsauko II paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza kenza inoenderana nekuti kenza inowanikwa kupi muparanasal sinuses uye nasal mhango:

• Kana kenza iri mune maxillary sinus, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve kwakakwira-dose radiation radiation kurapwa usati kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kana kenza iri mune ethmoid sinus, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation uye / kana kuvhiyiwa.

• Kana kenza iri mune sphenoid sinus, kurapwa kwakafanana nekenza nasopharyngeal cancer, kazhinji radiation radiation pamwe kana kana pasina chemotherapy. (Ona pfupiso ye paNasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

• Kana gomarara riri mumhino, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Nezve inverting papillomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

• Kune melanomas uye sarcomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation radiation uye chemotherapy.

• Kune midline granulomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation.

• Kana kenza iri mumhino yemhino, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa kana kurapwa kwemwaranzi.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage III Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwechitsauko III paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara zvinoenderana nekenza yekenza inowanikwa muzvipenga zveparanasal uye yemhino mhango.

Kana kenza iri mune maxillary sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Yepamusoro-dhiza radiation kurapwa pamberi kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechikamu chakaparadzaniswa nemwaranzi kurapwa usati kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Kana kenza iri mune ethmoid sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

Kana kenza iri mune sphenoid sinus, kurapwa kwakafanana nekenza nasopharyngeal cancer, kazhinji radiation radiation pamwe kana kana pasina chemotherapy. (Ona pfupiso ye paNasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

Kana kenza iri mumhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

Nezve inverting papillomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

Kune melanomas uye sarcomas, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Radiation kurapa.

• Kuvhiya, radiation radiation, uye chemotherapy.

Kune midline granulomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mumhino yemhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• External radiation therapy uye / kana yemukati radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage IV Paranasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwedanho IV paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza gomarara zvinoenderana nekenza inowanikwa mune dzeparanasal sinuses uye yemhino mhango.

Kana kenza iri mune maxillary sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Yepamusoro-dhiza radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo yakatsemurwa nemwaranzi yekurapa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana kurapwa nemwaranzi.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mune ethmoid sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapwa usati kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana kurapwa nemwaranzi.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mune sphenoid sinus, kurapwa kwakafanana nekenza nasopharyngeal cancer, kazhinji radiation radiation pamwe kana kana pasina chemotherapy. (Ona pfupiso ye paNasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

Kana kenza iri mumhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yemubatanidzwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

Nezve inverting papillomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

Kune melanomas uye sarcomas, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Radiation kurapa.

• Chemotherapy.

Kune midline granulomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mumhino yemhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• External radiation therapy uye / kana yemukati radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy usati wavhiyiwa kana kurapwa nemwaranzi.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana kumwe kurapwa kwekenza.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy uye radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweParanasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweanowanzoitika paranasal sinus uye yemhino mhanza kenza inoenderana nekuti kenza inowanikwa kupi muparanasal sinuses uye nasal mhango.

Kana kenza iri mune maxillary sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Radiation therapy inoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Kana kenza iri mune ethmoid sinus, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Kana kenza iri mune sphenoid sinus, kurapwa kwakafanana nekenza nasopharyngeal uye inogona kusanganisira radiation radiation pamwe kana isina chemotherapy. (Ona pfupiso ye paNasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

Kana kenza iri mumhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Nezve inverting papillomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuvhiyiwa pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

Kune melanomas uye sarcomas, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

Kune midline granulomas, kurapwa kunowanzo kuve radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mumhino yemhino, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye / kana radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda NezveParanasal Sinus uye Nasal Cavity Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve paranasal sinus uye nasal mhanza kenza, ona zvinotevera:

• Musoro uye Neck Cancer Kumba Peji

• Oral Matambudziko eKemotherapy uye Musoro / Neck Radiation

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Kwemusoro uye Neck Cancer

• Musoro uye Neck Cancers

• Fodya (inosanganisira rubatsiro nekurega)

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira