Mhando / musoro-uye-mutsipa / murwere / mukuru / oropharyngeal-kurapwa-pdq

Oropharyngeal Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru) (®) -Patient Shanduro

General Ruzivo nezve Oropharyngeal Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kenza yeOropharyngeal chirwere umo maronda (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu eoropharynx.

• Kusvuta kana kutapukirwa nepillomavirus yemunhu (HPV) kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza ye oropharyngeal.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara re oropharyngeal zvinosanganisira bundu mumutsipa nehuro inorwadza.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora mukanwa nehuro kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora pamwe necancer oropharyngeal cancer.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kenza yeOropharyngeal chirwere umo maronda (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu eoropharynx.

Iyo oropharynx ndiyo yepakati chikamu cheiyo pharynx (huro), kuseri kwemuromo. Iyo pharynx ipombi isina kubhadharira ingangoita mashanu masendimita kureba iyo inotangira kuseri kwemhino uye inopera panotangira trachea (pepa remhepo) nesophagus (chubhu kubva pahuro kusvika mudumbu). Mhepo uye chikafu zvinopfuura nepahosi munzira inoenda kune trachea kana yegurokuro.

Anatomy yeiyo pharynx (huro). Iyo pharynx ipombi ine mhango inotangira kuseri kwemhino, ichidzika nemutsipa, uye inogumira kumusoro kwetirachea uye yegurokuro. Izvo zvikamu zvitatu zvepharynx ndiyo nasopharynx, oropharynx, uye hypopharynx.

Iyo oropharynx inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Muromo munyoro.

• Kurutivi uye kumashure madziro ehuro.

• Tonsils.

• Kudzoka chetatu cherurimi.

Zvikamu zveoropharynx. Iyo oropharynx inosanganisira iyo yakapfava mukanwa, parutivi uye kumashure madziro ehuro, matonhe, uye kumashure kwechitatu kwetong

Kenza yeOropharyngeal rudzi rwemusoro wekenza nemutsipa. Dzimwe nguva kanopfuura kenza imwe inogona kuitika mune oropharynx uye mune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuromo, mhino, pharynx, larynx (izwi bhokisi), trachea, kana esophagus panguva imwe chete.

Mazhinji kanzura ye oropharyngeal ndeye squamous cell carcinomas. Maseru squamous ndiwo matete, matete maseru anonamira mukati meiyo oropharynx.

Ona zvinotevera pfupiso dze kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mamwe marudzi ekenza yemusoro nemutsipa:

• Hypopharyngeal Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru)

• Lip uye Oral Cavity Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru)

• Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, uye Laryngeal Cancer Kudzivirira

• Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, uye Laryngeal Cancer Kuongorora

Kusvuta kana kutapukirwa nepillomavirus yemunhu (HPV) kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza ye oropharyngeal.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi.

Izvo zvinowanzoitika njodzi kune oropharyngeal cancer inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Nhoroondo yekuputa fodya kweanopfuura gumi makore ekurongedza uye kumwe kushandiswa kwefodya.

• Kubatwa nehutachiona hwevanhu papillomavirus (HPV), kunyanya HPV mhando 16. Huwandu hwezviitiko zvecancer oropharyngeal hwakabatana nehutachiona hweHPV huri kuwedzera.

• Nhoroondo yehupenyu hwekenza yemusoro nemutsipa.

• Kunwa doro zvakanyanya.

• Kutsenga betel quid, inokurudzira inowanzoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAsia.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara re oropharyngeal zvinosanganisira bundu mumutsipa nehuro inorwadza.

Izvi uye zvimwe zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekenza ye oropharyngeal kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Huro huro husingaendi.

• Dambudziko kumedza.

• Kunetseka kushama muromo zvizere.

• Dambudziko rekufambisa rurimi.

• Kurera huremu pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa.

• Nzeve kurwadziwa.

• Bundu kumusana kwemuromo, pahuro, kana mutsipa.

• Chigamba chichena parurimi kana mutsetse wemuromo usingapere.

• Kukosora ropa.

Dzimwe nguva kenza ye oropharyngeal haina kukonzera zviratidzo zvekutanga kana zviratidzo.

Kuyedza kunoongorora mukanwa nehuro kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora pamwe necancer oropharyngeal cancer.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo yehutano: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, sekuzvimba kwemazamu node mumutsipa kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Chiremba chiremba kana chiremba wemazino anoita bvunzo yakakwana yemuromo nehuro uye anotarisa pasi perurimi uye achidzika pahuro negirazi diki, rakareba-rakabatwa kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Neurological bvunzo: akateedzana emibvunzo uye bvunzo kutarisa huropi, musana, uye tsinga basa. Bvunzo dzinoongorora chimiro chemunhu chepfungwa, kubatana, uye kugona kufamba zvakajairika, uye mashandiro, pfungwa, uye pfungwa zvinoshanda zvakadii. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kunzi bvunzo yeurouro kana bvunzo yetsinga.

• PET-CT scan: Maitiro anosanganisa iyo mifananidzo kubva kune positron emission tomography (PET) scan uye computed tomography (CT) scan. Iyo PET neCT scan inoitwa panguva imwechete nemuchina mumwe chete. Izvo zviyero zvakasanganiswa zvinopa yakadzama mifananidzo yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri kupfuura chero scan inopihwa yega. PET-CT scan inogona kushandiswa kubatsira kuongorora chirwere, senge kenza, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anogadzira akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge musoro, mutsipa, chifuva, uye lymph node, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inorowa mutsinga kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scan yemusoro nemutsipa. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza kuburikidza neCT scanner, iyo inotora x-ray mifananidzo yemukati memusoro nemutsipa.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

PET (positron emission tomography) scan. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza nemuchina wePET. Musoro unozorora uye tambo chena zvinobatsira murwere kurara zvakadaro. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga yemurwere, uye scanner inogadzira mufananidzo wekuti glucose irikushandiswa sei mumuviri. Cancer maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anotora yakawanda glucose kupfuura zvakajairwa maseru.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Iyo yakanaka-tsono biopsy inowanzoitwa kubvisa sampuli yetishu uchishandisa tsono nhete.

Iyi inotevera nzira inogona kushandiswa kubvisa masampula emaseru kana tishu:

• Endoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa nhengo uye zvinyama mukati memuviri kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Endoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nekucheka (kucheka) paganda kana kuvhura mumuviri, senge muromo kana mhino. Endoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa zvisina kujairika zvinyama kana lymph node sampuli, dzinoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvehosha. Mhino, huro, kumashure kwerurimi, ziso, dumbu, larynx, windpipe, uye nzira huru dzekufema dzinoongororwa. Rudzi rwe endoscopy rwunotumidzwa zita renhengo yemuviri iri kuongororwa. Semuenzaniso, pharyngoscopy bvunzo yekutarisa iyo pharynx.

• Laryngoscopy: Maitiro umo chiremba anoongorora dokoriro (izwi bhokisi) negirazi kana laryngoscope kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iyo laryngoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona mukati mehuro nezwi bhokisi. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Kana gomarara rikawanikwa, bvunzo inotevera inogona kuitwa kuti uongorore maseru ekenza:

• HPV bvunzo (human papillomavirus test): Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kunoshandiswa kuongorora mhando yetissue kune mamwe marudzi ehutachiona hweHIVV, senge HPV mhando 16. Muedzo uyu unoitwa nekuti kenza ye oropharyngeal inogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona hweHPV. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kenza yeHIVV-yakanaka oropharyngeal ine fungidziro iri nani uye inorapwa zvakasiyana pane HPV-isina kana oropharyngeal cancer.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Kunyangwe murwere ane hutachiona hweHIVV yeiyo oropharynx.

• Kunyangwe murwere ane nhoroondo yekusvuta midzanga yegumi kana anopfuura makore ekurongedza.

• Chikamu checancer.

• Nhamba uye saizi yema lymph node nekenza.

Mamota eOropharyngeal ane hukama nehutachiona hweHIVV ane fungidziro iri nani uye kashoma kuti adzokere pane mamota asina kubatana nehutachiona hweHIVV.

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu checancer.

• Kuchengeta kugona kwemurwere kutaura uye kumedza seyakajairika sezvinobvira.

• Hutano hwese hwemurwere.

Varwere vane kenza ye oropharyngeal vane njodzi yakawedzera yeimwe gomarara mumusoro kana mutsipa. Iyi njodzi inowedzerwa nevarwere vanoramba vachiputa kana kunwa doro mushure mekurapwa.

Ona pfupiso ye Yekusvuta Fodya: Njodzi dzehutano uye Maitiro Ekusiya kune rumwe ruzivo.

Matanho eOropharyngeal Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mokunge kenza ye oropharyngeal yaonekwa, miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati me oropharynx kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune HPV-yakanaka oropharyngeal cancer.

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

• Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune HPV-isina kana oropharyngeal cancer.

• Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

Mushure mokunge kenza ye oropharyngeal yaonekwa, miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru apararira mukati me oropharynx kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati meiyo oropharynx kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Mhedzisiro yemimwe bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora kenza ye oropharyngeal inowanzo shandiswa kuisa chirwere.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana kenza ye oropharyngeal ikapararira kuenda kumapapu, maseru emukenza mumapapu ari chaiwo oropharyngeal cancer maseru. Hosha iyi metastatic oropharyngeal cancer, kwete yemapapu cancer.

Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune HPV-yakanaka oropharyngeal cancer.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu ini, chimwe chinotevera ichokwadi:

• imwe kana kupfuura mamwe marimba ane gomarara iri HPV p16-positive anowanikwa asi nzvimbo yakatangira kenza haizivikanwe. Iwo ma "lymph node" ane gomarara ane 6 masendimita kana madiki, kune rumwe rutivi rwehuro; kana

• gomarara rinowanikwa mu oropharynx (huro) uye bundu iri masendimita mana kana kuti madiki. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe kana akawanda ma "lymph node" ari matanhatu masendimita kana madiki, kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sedumbu rekutanga.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Chikamu II

Muchikamu II, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• imwe kana kupfuura mamwe marimba ane gomarara iri HPV p16-positive anowanikwa asi nzvimbo yakatangira kenza haizivikanwe. Iwo ma "lymph node" ane gomarara ane 6 masendimita kana madiki, kune rimwe kana mativi ese emutsipa; kana

• bundu iri masendimita mana kana kuti madiki. Gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node ayo ari masendimita matanhatu kana madiki, kune rimwe divi remutsipa sedumbu rekutanga kana kumativi ese emutsipa; kana

• bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana kana gomarara rapararira kumusoro kweepiglottis (iro rova ​​rinofukidza trachea panguva yekumedza). Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe kana akawanda ma "lymph node" ari matanhatu masendimita kana madiki, chero pamutsipa.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• gomarara rapararira kuhuro (izwi bhokisi), kumberi kwedenga remuromo, shaya yepasi, mhasuru dzinofambisa rurimi, kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemusoro kana mutsipa. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node mumutsipa; kana

• bundu iri chero saizi uye gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kumuromo, kumberi kwedenga remuromo, rushaya rwepasi, mhasuru dzinofambisa rurimi, kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemusoro kana mutsipa. Gomarara rapararira kune rimwe kana anopfuura mamwe ma "lymph node" akakura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu, chero pamutsipa.

Chikamu IV

Muchikamu IV, gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge mapapu kana pfupa.

Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune HPV-isina kana oropharyngeal cancer.

Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

Muchikamu chechipiri, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mumutsara we oropharynx (huro). Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chinonziwo carcinoma in situ.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga, kenza yakaumbwa. Bundu iri 2 masendimita kana madiki.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita maviri asi risina kukura kupfuura masendimita mana.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, kenza:

• ingave yakakura kudarika masendimita mana kana yakapararira kumusoro kweepiglottis (iro rovhara rinovhara trachea panguva yekumedza); kana

• chero saizi. Kenza yakapararira kune imwe node node iyo iri masendimita matatu kana diki, kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sedumbu rekutanga.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA, IVB, uye IVC.

• Muchikamu IVA, kenza:

• yakapararira kune larynx (izwi bhokisi), kumberi kwechikamu chedenga remuromo, shaya yepasi, kana mhasuru dzinofambisa rurimi. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node iri masendimita matatu kana diki, kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sedumbu rekutanga; kana

• chero saizi uye inogona kunge yakapararira kumusoro kweepiglottis, larynx, chikamu chepamberi kwedenga remuromo, shaya yepasi, kana mhasuru dzinofambisa rurimi. Kenza yapararira kune chimwe cheanotevera:

• imwe lymph node yakakura kupfuura masendimita matatu asi isina kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu, kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sedumbu rekutanga; kana

• inopfuura imwechete lymph node iyo iri masendimita matanhatu kana diki, chero kupi muhuro.

• Muchikamu IVB, kenza:

• rapararira kune mhasuru inofambisa shaya yepazasi, bhonzo rakanamatira kune mhasuru inofambisa shaya yepasi, hwaro hwehenya, kana kunharaunda iri kuseri kwemhino kana kutenderedza tsinga yecarotid. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node mumutsipa; kana

• inogona kunge iri saizi uye inogona kunge yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemusoro kana mutsipa. Kenza yakapararira kune lymph node yakakura kudarika masendimita matanhatu kana yakapararira kuburikidza nekuvharidzira kwekunze kweiyo node node mune inowoneka matishu.

• Muchikamu IVC, gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge mapapu, chiropa, kana pfupa.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane oropharyngeal cancer.

• Varwere vane kenza ye oropharyngeal vanofanirwa kurapwa kurapwa nechikwata chevanachiremba vane hunyanzvi hwekurapa kenza yemusoro neyemutsipa.

• Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Targeted kurapwa

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Immunotherapy

• Kurapa kwekenza ye oropharyngeal kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane oropharyngeal cancer.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kune varwere vane kenza ye oropharyngeal. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Varwere vane kenza ye oropharyngeal vanofanirwa kurapwa kurapwa nechikwata chevanachiremba vane hunyanzvi hwekurapa kenza yemusoro neyemutsipa.

Kurapa kwemurwere kuchazotarisirwa nachiremba oncologist, chiremba uyo ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa vanhu vane gomarara. Nekuti iyo oropharynx inobatsira mukufema, kudya, uye kutaura, varwere vangangoda rubatsiro rwakakosha kugadzirisa kune mhedzisiro yekenza uye kurapwa kwayo. Wekurapa oncologist anogona kuendesa murwere kune vamwe vashandi vehutano vane hunyanzvi hwekudzidziswa mukurapa kwevarwere vane kenza yemusoro neyemutsipa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira vanachiremba vanotevera:

• Musoro uye mutsipa anovhiya.

• Radiation oncologist.

• Chiremba wepurasitiki.

• Chiremba wemazino.

• Dietitian.

• Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa.

• Rehabilitation nyanzvi.

• Kutaura murapi.

Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya (kubvisa kenza mukuvhiya) kurapwa kwakajairika kwematanho ese ekenza ye oropharyngeal. Chiremba anovhiya anogona kubvisa kenza uye zvimwe zvezvinyama zvine hutano zvakakomberedza gomarara. Mushure mekunge chiremba anovhiya abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Mhando nyowani dzekuvhiya, kusanganisira yekuvhiya robhoti, iri kuongororwa kuti irapwe kenza ye oropharyngeal. Kuvhiya kwerebhobhoti kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa kenza kubva kunzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika pamuromo nehuro. Makamera akasungirirwa parobhoti anopa 3-dimensional (3D) mufananidzo uyo chiremba anovhiya anogona kuona. Uchishandisa komputa, chiremba anovhiya anotungamira maturusi madiki kumucheto kwemaoko erobhoti kubvisa kenza. Maitiro aya anogona kuitwawo uchishandisa endoscope.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune iyo nzvimbo yemuviri nekenza.

Kunze-danda radiation kurapwa kwemusoro nemutsipa. Mushini unoshandiswa kunongedza mwenje wemagetsi ane simba pane kenza. Mushini unogona kutenderera uchitenderera murwere, uchiendesa mwaranzi kubva kumakona mazhinji akasiyana kuti upe kurapwa kwakaringana. Iyo mesh mask inobatsira kuchengetedza musoro nemutsipa wemurwere kubva pakufamba panguva yekurapwa. Madiki inki mamaki anoiswa pamask. Iwo inki mamaki anoshandiswa kumisikidza iyo radiation radiation mune imwecheteyo nzvimbo pamberi pega kurapwa.

Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Aya marudzi erapi radiation anosanganisira anotevera:

• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT rudzi rwe 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation radiation inoshandisa komputa kugadzira mifananidzo yehukuru uye chimiro chebundu. Matanda matete emwaranzi yemasimba akasiyana (simba) anovavarira bundu kubva pamakona mazhinji.

• Stereotactic muviri radiation radiation: Stereotactic muviri radiation radiation rudzi rwekunze radiation radiation. Zvishandiso zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa kuisa murwere munzvimbo imwechete kune imwe neimwe radiation kurapwa. Kamwe pazuva kwemazuva akati wandei, muchina we radiation unovavarira mwero wakakura kupfuura wenguva dzose wemwaranzi yakananga pabundu. Nekuva nemurwere munzvimbo imwechete yekurapwa kwega kwega, pane kukuvara kudiki kune zvinyama zviri pedyo zvine hutano. Maitiro aya anonziwo stereotactic ekunze-beam radiation kurapwa uye stereotaxic radiation kurapwa.

Mukenza yepamberi ye oropharyngeal, kupatsanura muyero wezuva nezuva wemwaranzi muzvishoma-dziviriro mishonga inovandudza nzira iyo bundu rinopindura kurapwa. Izvi zvinonzi hyperfractionated radiation kurapwa.

Radiation kurapwa kunogona kushanda zvirinani kune varwere vakamira kuputa vasati vatanga kurapwa.

Kana iyo thyroid kana pituitary gland iri chikamu cheiyo radiation nzvimbo yekurapa, murwere ane njodzi yakawedzera yehypothyroidism (shomashoma utachiona hwehomoni). Kuongororwa kweropa kutarisa hutachiona hwehomoni mumuviri kunofanirwa kuitwa usati uye mushure mekurapwa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy).

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvakagamuchirwa kuMusoro neNeck Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. (Kenza yeOropharyngeal mhando yemusoro nekenza yemutsipa.)

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy rudzi rwekurapa runoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kurwisa mamwe maseru ekenza. Marapirwo akanangwa anowanzo kukonzera kukuvara kushoma kune masero akajairwa kupfuura chemotherapy kana radiation radiation inoita. Monoclonal antibodies rudzi rwekurapa kwakanangwa kuri kushandiswa pakurapa kenza ye oropharyngeal.

Monoclonal antibody therapy ndeye kenza kurapa iyo inoshandisa antibodies inogadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando ye immune immune cell. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane maseru ekenza kana zvakajairika zvinhu muropa kana zvinyama zvinogona kubatsira maseru ekenza kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza.

Cetuximab rudzi rwemonoclonal antibody inoshanda nekusunga puroteni iri pamusoro pemasero ekenza uye inomisa maseru kubva mukukura nekukamurwa. Inoshandiswa pakurapa kenza inodzokororwa uye metastatic oropharyngeal.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvakagamuchirwa kuMusoro neNeck Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. (Kenza yeOropharyngeal mhando yemusoro nekenza yemutsipa.)

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza.

PD-1 inhibitors rudzi rweununotherapy unonzi immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. PD-1 ipuroteni iri pamusoro peT maseru ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Kana PD-1 yakanamatira kune imwe protein inonzi PDL-1 pane kenza kenza, inomisa iyo T cell kuuraya kenza kenza. PD-1 inhibitors inonamira kuPDL-1 uye inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya maseru ekenza.

Pembrolizumab uye nivolumab marudzi ePD-1 inhibitors ari kudzidza mukurapa kenza yeoropharnygeal.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint mapuroteni, akadai sePD-L1 pane maseru emota uye PD-1 pane T maseru, anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Iko kusungwa kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 kunoita kuti masero eT arege kuuraya tumarara maseru mumuviri (kuruboshwe pani). Kuvhara kusunga kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 ine immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 kana anti-PD-1) inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya matumbo maseru (kurudyi pani).

Kurapa kwekenza ye oropharyngeal kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kutevera kurapwa, zvakakosha kuve nekungwarira bvunzo dzemusoro nemutsipa kutarisa zviratidzo zvekuti gomarara radzoka. Kuongorora kunozoitwa kwega kwega kusvika kumavhiki gumi nemaviri mugore rekutanga, mwedzi mitatu yega mugore repiri, mwedzi mitatu kusvika mina mina mugore rechitatu, uyezve nemwedzi mitanhatu inotevera.

Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho

Muchikamu chino

• Chikamu I uye Chikamu II Oropharyngeal Cancer

• Stage III uye Stage IV Oropharyngeal Cancer

• Metastatic uye Inowanzoitika Oropharyngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Chikamu I uye Chikamu II Oropharyngeal Cancer

Kurapa kweachangobva kuongororwa nhanho I uye nhanho II oropharyngeal cancer inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

• Kuvhiya.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Stage III uye Stage IV Oropharyngeal Cancer

Kurapa kweachangobva kuongororwa danho III oropharyngeal kenza uye nhanho IV oropharyngeal kenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kune varwere vane kenza yemuno yapfuura, kuvhiyiwa kunoteverwa nemishonga ye radiation. Chemotherapy zvakare inogona kupihwa panguva imwe chete neye radiation radiation.

• Radiation kurapa chete kune varwere vasingakwanise kuve chemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwe chete neye radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa neradiotherapy kurapwa kunopihwa panguva imwechete seyakawanda chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy kunoteverwa nekuvhiya kana radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweakanangwa kurapa (nivolumab) ine chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwecheteyo senge radiation kurapwa mune varwere vane advanced HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekuvhiyiwa kwekuchinja kunoteverwa neyakajairika- kana yakaderera-dose radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina chemotherapy mune varwere vane HPV-yakanaka oropharyngeal cancer.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Metastatic uye Inowanzoitika Oropharyngeal Cancer

Kenza yemaperembudzi inowanzoitika oropharyngeal yadzoka mu oropharynx kana mune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri mushure mekurapwa. Kurapa kwekenza ye oropharyngeal ine metastasized (yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri) kana kudzokazve mu oropharynx inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya, kana bundu risingapindure kune radiation radiation.

• Radiation therapy, kana bundu racho risina kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye nemwaranzi yapfuura haina kupihwa.

• Kuvhiya kwechipiri, kana bundu racho risina kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiya kwekutanga.

• Chemotherapy yevarwere vane gomarara rinowanzoitika risingakwanise kubviswa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Radiation kurapwa kunopihwa panguva imwe chete se chemotherapy.

• Stereotactic muviri radiation radiation inopihwa panguva imwecheteyo seyakagadzirirwa kurapwa (cetuximab).

• Kliniki miedzo yekurapa kwakanangwa, stereotactic muviri radiation radiation, kana hyperfractionated radiation kurapwa kwakapihwa panguva imwechete se chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye immunotherapy (nivolumab kana pembrolizumab).

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Oropharyngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve kenza ye oropharyngeal, ona zvinotevera:

• Musoro uye Neck Cancer Kumba Peji

• Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, uye Laryngeal Cancer Kudzivirira

• Oral Cavity, Pharyngeal, uye Laryngeal Cancer Kuongorora

• Oral Matambudziko eKemotherapy uye Musoro / Neck Radiation

• HPV neCancer

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Kwemusoro uye Neck Cancer

• Musoro uye Neck Cancers

• Fodya (inosanganisira rubatsiro nekurega)

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira