Mhando / musoro-uye-mutsipa / murwere / mukuru / laryngeal-kurapwa-pdq

Laryngeal Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru) Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Laryngeal Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Laryngeal cancer chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba munyama dzedenderedzwa.

• Kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvefodya uye kunwa doro rakawandisa kunogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yemumuromo.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remarara zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa pahuro nenzeve.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora huro uye mutsipa kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora uye kukanda gomarara remarara.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Laryngeal cancer chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba munyama dzedenderedzwa.

Iyo larynx chikamu chehuro, pakati pehwaro hwerurimi uye trachea. Dokoriro rine tambo dzinonzwika, idzo dzinodedera nekuita ruzha kana mhepo yakanangiswa kwadziri. Izwi rinonzwika kuburikidza ne pharynx, muromo, uye mhino kugadzira izwi remunhu.

Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zvemuhomba:

• Supraglottis: Chikamu chepamusoro chekoko pamusoro pemisambo yezwi, kusanganisira epiglottis.

• Glottis: Chikamu chepakati chekoko rinowanikwa tambo dzenzwi.

• Subglottis: Chikamu chepazasi chekorokoto pakati pematambo ezwi uye trachea (pombi yemhepo).

Laryngeal cancer inoumba munyama dzedunduru (nzvimbo yehuro ine tambo dzekutaura). Iyo larynx inosanganisira iyo supraglottis, glottis (tambo dzemazwi), uye subglottis. Gomarara rinogona kupararira kumatishu ari padyo kana kuhutachiona, trachea, kana hosha. Iyo inogona zvakare kupararira kune iyo lymph node mumutsipa, iyo carotid arteri, iyo yekumusoro chikamu chepamuviri mbiru, chipfuva, uye kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri (zvisina kuratidzwa).

Kanzera zhinji dzekorari dzinoumbwa mumaseru anokatyamadza, iwo maseru matete, akati sandara anonamira mukati meguriro.

Gomarara reLaryngeal rudzi rwemusoro wekenza nemutsipa.

Kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvefodya uye kunwa doro rakawandisa kunogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yemumuromo.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remarara zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa pahuro nenzeve.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa negomarara remarara kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Huro huro kana chikosoro chisingapere.

• Dambudziko kana kurwadziwa kana uchimedza.

• Nzeve kurwadziwa.

• Bundu mumutsipa kana pahuro.

• Shanduko kana kushaikwa kwezwi.

Kuyedza kunoongorora huro uye mutsipa kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora uye kukanda gomarara remarara.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama kwehuro nemutsipa: Kuongorora kuongorora huro nemutsipa kwenzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Chiremba anonzwa mukati memuromo nechigunwe chakapfekerwa uye oongorora muromo nehuro negirazi diki-rakareba-ruoko uye mwenje. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora mukati mematama nemiromo; matadza; musana, denga, uye pasi pemuromo; kumusoro, pasi, uye mativi erurimi; nehuro. Mutsipa unonzwika nekuda kwekuzvimba lymph node. Nhoroondo yehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kwekurapa kuchatorwawo.

• Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Muenzaniso wetissue unogona kubviswa pane imwe yeanotevera maitiro:

• Laryngoscopy: Maitiro umo chiremba anoongorora dokoriro (izwi bhokisi) negirazi kana laryngoscope kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iyo laryngoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona mukati mehuro nezwi bhokisi. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

• Endoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa nhengo uye zvinyama mukati memuviri, zvakaita sehuro, esophagus, uye trachea kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Endoscope (chubhu, yakatetepa chubhu ine mwenje uye lens yekuona) inoiswa kuburikidza nekuvhura mumuviri, senge muromo. Chishandiso chakakosha pane iyo endoscope inogona kushandiswa kubvisa sampuli yetishu.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scan yemusoro nemutsipa. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza kuburikidza neCT scanner, iyo inotora x-ray mifananidzo yemukati memusoro nemutsipa.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

• PET-CT scan: Maitiro anosanganisa iyo mifananidzo kubva kune positron emission tomography (PET) scan uye computed tomography (CT) scan. Iyo PET neCT scan inoitwa panguva imwechete nemuchina mumwe chete. Masikirini akabatanidzwa anopa mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri kupfuura chero scan inopihwa yega. PET-CT scan inogona kushandiswa kubatsira kuongorora chirwere, senge kenza, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

• Barium kumedza: Akateedzana e-ray-yegurokuro uye mudumbu. Murwere anonwa mvura ine barium (sirivheri-chena esimbi mukomboni). Iyo yemvura inofukidza esophagus uye mudumbu, uye x-ray inotorwa. Maitiro aya anonzi zvakare epamusoro GI akateedzana.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu chehosha.

• Iyo nzvimbo uye saizi yebundu.

• Chikamu chebundu.

• Zera remurwere, murume kana mukadzi, uye hutano hwakazara, kusanganisira kana murwere ane chirwere chekushaya ropa.

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu chehosha.

• Iyo nzvimbo uye saizi yebundu.

• Kuchengeta kugona kwemurwere kutaura, kudya, uye kufema zvakajairika sezvazvinogona.

• Kunyangwe kenza yakadzoka (yakadzoka).

Kusvuta fodya uye kunwa doro kunoderedza kushanda kwekurapwa kwegomarara remarara. Varwere vane gomarara remarara vanoramba vachiputa nekunwa havakwanisi kurapwa uye vanowanzoita bundu repiri. Mushure mekurapwa kwegomarara remarara, kugara uchiteedzera nekutarisa kwakakosha.

Matanho eLaryngeal Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekunge gomarara remarara raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati megurokuro kana kune mamwe mativi emuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune laryngeal cancer.

• Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

• Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, nhanho yekenza inogona kuchinja uye kumwe kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa.

• Gomarara repamazuvano gomarara igomarara rakadzoka mushure mekurapwa.

Mushure mekunge gomarara remarara raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati megurokuro kana kune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati megurokuro kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho yechirwere kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Mhedzisiro yemimwe bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora cancer yegomarara inowanzo shandiswa kuratidza chirwere.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara reganda richipararira kuenda kumapapu, maseru emukenza ari mumapapu ndiwo maseru emukenza emarara. Hosha iyi metastatic laryngeal cancer, kwete yemapapu cancer.

Aya anotevera matanho anoshandiswa kune laryngeal cancer.

Chikamu 0 (Carcinoma muSitu)

Muchikamu chegumi, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mumutsara wedokoroni. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chinonziwo carcinoma in situ.

Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga ini, kenza yakaumbwa mu supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis nzvimbo yeiyo larynx:

• Supraglottis: Kenza iri mune imwe nzvimbo yeiyo supraglottis uye tambo dzenzwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika.

• Glottis: Kenza iri mune imwe kana tambo dzezwi uye tambo dzemazwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika.

• Subglottis: Kenza iri mune subglottis chete.

Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, kenza yakaumbwa mu supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis nzvimbo yeiyo larynx:

• Supraglottis: Kenza iri munzvimbo dzinopfuura imwechete yeiyo supraglottis kana yakapararira kunzvimbo iri pasi peirimi kana kumatukisi ari padyo netambo dzemazwi. Tambo dzenzwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika.

• Glottis: Kenza yakapararira kune supraglottis, subglottis, kana ese ari maviri, uye / kana tambo dzenzwi hadzishande zvakajairika.

• Subglottis: Gomarara rakapararira kune rimwe kana tambo dzezwi uye tambo dzenzwi dzinogona kusashanda zvakajairika.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, kenza yakaumbwa mu supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis nzvimbo yeiyo larynx:

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Muchikamu chechitatu chekenza yeiyo supraglottis:

• gomarara riri muhuro chete uye tambo dzenzwi hadzishande, uye / kana gomarara rapararira padyo kana kuburikidza nechikamu chemukati cheiyo shwashwa. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• kenza iri mune imwe nzvimbo yeiyo supraglottis uye tambo dzenzwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika. Kenza yakapararira kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• kenza iri munzvimbo dzinopfuura imwechete yeiyo supraglottis kana yakapararira kunzvimbo iri pasi pechirimi kana kumatishu ari padyo netambo dzenzwi. Tambo dzenzwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika. Kenza yakapararirawo kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki.

Muchikamu chechitatu chekenza yeglottis:

• gomarara riri muhuro chete uye tambo dzenzwi hadzishande, uye / kana gomarara rapararira padyo kana kuburikidza nechikamu chemukati cheiyo shwashwa. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• gomarara riri mune rimwe kana tambo dzenzwi uye tambo dzemazwi dzinoshanda zvakajairika. Kenza yakapararira kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• gomarara rapararira kune supraglottis, subglottis, kana zvese zviri zviviri, uye / kana tambo dzenzwi hadzishande zvakajairika. Kenza yakapararirawo kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki.

Muchikamu chechitatu chegomarara reiyo subglottis:

• gomarara riri muhuro chete uye tambo dzenzwi hadzishande, uye / kana gomarara rapararira padyo kana kuburikidza nechikamu chemukati cheiyo shwashwa. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• kenza iri mune subglottis chete. Kenza yakapararira kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• gomarara rapararira kune rimwe kana tambo dzezwi uye tambo dzenzwi dzinogona kusashanda zvakajairika. Kenza yakapararirawo kune imwe node node parutivi rumwe chete rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa kuita nhanho IVA, nhanho IVB, uye nhanho IVC. Chikamu chega chega chakafanana checancer mune supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis.

• Muchikamu IVA:

• Kenza yakapararira kuburikidza nehutachiona hwetiyoti uye / kana yakapararira kumatishu anopfuura mhiri kwegokora, senge mutsipa, trachea, thyroid, kana esophagus. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe lymph node kudivi rimwe chete remutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki; kana

• Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kubva ku supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis kuenda kumatishu ari pamusoro peiyo larynx, senge mutsipa, trachea, thyroid, kana esophagus. Tambo dzenzwi dzinogona kusashanda zvakajairika. Kenza yapararira:

• kune imwe lymph node padivi rimwe chete remutsipa seiri bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node iri 3 masendimita kana madiki. Kenza yakapararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekufukidza kweiyo lymph node; kana

• kune imwe lymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa seiri bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika masendimita matatu asi isina kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu. Gomarara harina kupararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekufukidza kweiyo lymph node; kana

• kune anopfuura lymph node pane rumwe rutivi rwemutsipa sezvo bundu rekutanga uye ma lymph node asina kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu. Gomarara harina kupararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekuvhara kwema lymph node; kana

• kune lymph node kumativi ese emutsipa kana padivi pemutsipa pakatarisana nebundu rekutanga uye ma lymph node haana kukura kupfuura masendimita matanhatu. Gomarara harina kupararira kuburikidza nekuvharira kwekunze kwema lymph node.

• Muchikamu IVB:

• Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kubva ku supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis kuenda kunzvimbo iri pamberi pemuzongoza, nzvimbo yakatenderedza artery carotid, kana nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu. Tambo dzenzwi dzinogona kusashanda zvakajairika. Kenza yapararira:

• kune imwe lymph node yakakura kupfuura masentimita matanhatu. Gomarara harina kupararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekufukidza kweiyo lymph node; kana

• kune imwe lymph node kune rimwe divi remutsipa sezvo iro bundu rekutanga uye iyo lymph node yakakura kudarika 3 masentimita. Kenza yakapararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekufukidza kweiyo lymph node; kana

• kune anopfuura lymph node chero kupi muhuro. Kenza yakapararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekuvhara kwema lymph node; kana

• kune imwe lymph node yehukuru hwese padivi remutsipa pakatarisana nebundu rekutanga. Kenza yakapararira kuburikidza nekunze kwekufukidza kweiyo lymph node;

kana

• Gomarara rapararira kubva kune supraglottis, glottis, kana subglottis kuenda kunzvimbo iri pamberi pemusana, nzvimbo yakatenderedza arteri yeti carotid, kana nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu. Gomarara rinogona kunge rakapararira kune rimwe kana mamwe ma "lymph node" chero kupi muhuro uye ma "lymph node" anogona kunge ari chero saizi.

• Muchikamu IVC, gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge mapapu, chiropa, kana pfupa.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, nhanho yekenza inogona kuchinja uye kumwe kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa.

Kana gomarara rikabviswa nekuvhiyiwa, chiremba wezvekurwara anoongorora muyenzaniso wecancer tishu pasi pe microscope Dzimwe nguva, kuongororwa kwehutachiona kunoguma neshanduko padanho rekenza uye nekuwedzera kurapwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Gomarara repamazuvano gomarara igomarara rakadzoka mushure mekurapwa.

Kana gomarara remarara rinodzoka mushure mekurapwa, inonzi inowanzo gomarara remarara. Gomarara rinonyanya kudzoka mumakore maviri kusvika matatu ekutanga. Inogona kudzoka mubako kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri, senge mapapu, chiropa, kana pfupa.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane gomarara remarara.

• Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Radiation kurapa

• Kuvhiya

• Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Targeted kurapwa

• Radiosensitizers

• Kurapa kwegomarara remarara kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi ekurapa kwevarwere vane gomarara remarara.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kune varwere vane gomarara remarara. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune iyo nzvimbo yemuviri nekenza.

Kunze-danda radiation kurapwa kwemusoro nemutsipa. Mushini unoshandiswa kunongedza mwenje wemagetsi ane simba pane kenza. Mushini unogona kutenderera uchitenderera murwere, uchiendesa mwaranzi kubva kumakona mazhinji akasiyana kuti upe kurapwa kwakaringana. Iyo mesh mask inobatsira kuchengetedza musoro nemutsipa wemurwere kubva pakufamba panguva yekurapwa. Madiki inki mamaki anoiswa pamask. Iwo inki mamaki anoshandiswa kumisikidza iyo radiation radiation mune imwecheteyo nzvimbo pamberi pega kurapwa.

Radiation kurapwa kunogona kushanda zvirinani kune varwere vakamira kuputa vasati vatanga kurapwa. Kurapa kwekunze kwemwaranzi kune iyo utachiona kana iyo pituitary gland inogona kuchinja mashandiro anoita gland yegland. Kuongororwa kweropa kuti uone hutachiona hwehutachiona mumuviri kunogona kuitwa usati uye mushure mekurapa kuti uone kuti gland yegland iri kushanda nemazvo.

Hyperfractionated radiation kurapwa kunogona kushandiswa kurapa laryngeal cancer. Hyperfractionated radiation kurapwa kurapwa kwemwaranzi mune iyo diki pane yakajairwa zuva nezuva muyero we radiation wakakamurwa kuita miviri miviri uye marapirwo anopiwa kaviri pazuva. Hyperfractionated radiation kurapwa kunopihwa pamusoro payo imwe nguva yenguva (mazuva kana mavhiki) seyakajairika radiation radiation. Mhando nyowani dzeradiotherapy kurapa kuri kuongororwa mukurapa gomarara remarara.

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya (kubvisa kenza mukuvhiya) chirwere chinowanzoitika pamatanho ese ekenza yemumarara. Maitiro anotevera ekuvhiya anogona kushandiswa:

• Cordectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa tambo dzenzwi chete.

• Supraglottic laryngectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa supraglottis chete.

• Hemilaryngectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa hafu yeiyo larynx (izwi bhokisi). Hemilaryngectomy inoponesa izwi.

• Yakasarudzika laryngectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa chikamu chekenza (izwi bhokisi). Laryngectomy yakasarudzika inobatsira kuchengetedza kugona kwemurwere kutaura.

• Yese laryngectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa iyo yose larynx. Panguva yekuvhiya uku, gomba rinoitwa kumberi kwemutsipa kubvumidza murwere kufema. Izvi zvinonzi tracheostomy.

• Thyroidectomy: Kubviswa kwezvose kana chikamu chetachiona chetachiona.

• Kuvhiyiwa kweLaser: Maitiro ekuvhiya anoshandisa laser beam (danda rakamanikana rechiedza chakasimba) sebanga rekucheka zvisina ropa muzvinyama kana kubvisa maronda epamusoro senge bundu riri mudumbu.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekumisa maseru kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy).

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvakagamuchirwa kuMusoro neNeck Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. (Laryngeal cancer mhando yemusoro uye wemutsipa kenza.)

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana biologic therapy.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: PD-1 ipuroteni iri pamusoro peT maseru ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Kana PD-1 yakanamatira kune imwe protein inonzi PDL-1 pane kenza kenza, inomisa iyo T cell kuuraya kenza kenza. PD-1 inhibitors inonamira kuPDL-1 uye inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya maseru ekenza. Nivolumab uye pembrolizumab ndiwo marudzi e immune checkpoint inhibitors anoshandiswa kurapa metastatic kana inowanzoitika gomarara remarara.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint mapuroteni, akadai sePD-L1 pane maseru emota uye PD-1 pane T maseru, anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Iko kusungwa kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 kunoita kuti masero eT arege kuuraya tumarara maseru mumuviri (kuruboshwe pani). Kuvhara kusunga kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 ine immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 kana anti-PD-1) inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya matumbo maseru (kurudyi pani).

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy rudzi rwekurapa runoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kurwisa mamwe maseru ekenza. Marapirwo akanangwa anowanzo kukonzera kukuvara kushoma kune masero akajairwa kupfuura chemotherapy kana radiation radiation inoita.

• MaMonoclonal antibodies: Uku kurapa kunoshandisa antibodies akagadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando ye immune immune cell. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane maseru ekenza kana zvakajairika zvinhu muropa kana zvinyama zvinogona kubatsira maseru ekenza kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza. Cetuximab iri kuongororwa mukurapa kenza yemarara.

Radiosensitizers

Radiosensitizers mishonga inoita kuti maseru emota anyanye kujeka kune radiation radiation. Kubatanidza radiation therapy ne radiosensitizers kunogona kuuraya mamwe mamota maseru.

Kurapa kwegomarara remarara kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kurapa kweStage I Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweiyo ichangobva kuongororwa nhanho ini laryngeal cancer inoenderana nekuti kenza inowanikwa kupi mudokorori.

Kana kenza iri mu supraglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

• Supraglottic laryngectomy.

Kana kenza iri muglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

• Laser kuvhiya.

• Cordectomy.

• Yakasarudzika laryngectomy, hemilaryngectomy, kana yakazara laryngectomy.

Kana kenza iri mune subglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya ndega.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage II Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwechangobva kuongororwa chirwere chechipiri gomarara rekenza kunoenderana nekuti kenza inowanikwa kupi mudokorori.

Kana kenza iri mu supraglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa kune bundu uye pedyo node node.

• Supraglottic laryngectomy iyo inogona kuteverwa ne radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri muglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

• Laser kuvhiya.

• Yakasarudzika laryngectomy, hemilaryngectomy, kana yakazara laryngectomy.

Kana kenza iri mune subglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya ndega.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage III Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweanenge achangobva kuongororwa danho rechitatu gomarara remarara rinoenderana nekuti gomarara rinowanikwa kupi.

Kana kenza iri mu supraglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa ne chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete. Laryngectomy inogona kuitwa kana kenza yasara.

• Radiation kurapa chete kune varwere vasingakwanise kurapwa nekemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya, uko kunogona kuteverwa ne radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri muglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa ne chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete. Laryngectomy inogona kuitwa kana kenza yasara.

• Radiation kurapa chete kune varwere vasingakwanise kurapwa nekemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya, uko kunogona kuteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye radiation radiation chete kana ichienzaniswa nemwaranzi uye yakanangwa kurapa (cetuximab).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, kana radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mune subglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Laryngectomy pamwe yakazara thyroidectomy uye kubviswa kwema lymph node muhuro, kazhinji inoteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Radiation therapy inoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa kana kenza ikadzoka munzvimbo imwechete.

• Radiation kurapa chete kune varwere vasingakwanise kurapwa nekemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa ne chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete. Laryngectomy inogona kuitwa kana kenza yasara.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye radiation radiation chete kana ichienzaniswa nemwaranzi uye yakanangwa kurapa (cetuximab).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, kana radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweStage IV Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweiyo ichangobva kuongororwa nhanho IVA, IVB, uye IVC gomarara remarara rinoenderana nekuti gomarara rinowanikwa kupi muremu.

Kana kenza iri mu supraglottis kana glottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa ne chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete. Laryngectomy inogona kuitwa kana kenza yasara.

• Radiation kurapa chete kune varwere vasingakwanise kurapwa nekemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation. Chemotherapy inogona kupihwa neye radiation radiation.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye radiation radiation chete kana ichienzaniswa nemwaranzi uye yakanangwa kurapa (cetuximab).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, kana radiation radiation.

Kana kenza iri mune subglottis, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Laryngectomy pamwe neuzere thyroidectomy uye kubviswa kwema lymph node muhuro, kazhinji inoteverwa ne radiation kurapwa pamwe kana isina chemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inopihwa pamwechete.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki ye radiation radiation chete kana ichienzaniswa nemwaranzi uye yakanangwa kurapa (cetuximab).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweye immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, kana radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa kweMetastatic uye Inowanzoitika Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwekenza yemasastatic uye inowanzoitika yegomarara inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

• Radiation kurapa.

• Chemotherapy.

• Immunotherapy ne pembrolizumab kana nivolumab.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Laryngeal Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve cancer yegomarara, ona zvinotevera:

• Musoro uye Neck Cancer Kumba Peji

• Oral Matambudziko eKemotherapy uye Musoro / Neck Radiation

• Lasers muCancer Kurapa

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Kwemusoro uye Neck Cancer

• Targeted Cancer Therapies

• Immunotherapy Kurapa Cancer

• Musoro uye Neck Cancers

• Fodya (inosanganisira rubatsiro nekurega)

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira