Mhando / extracranial-germ-cell / murwere / germ-cell-kurapwa-pdq

Yevacheche Kuwedzera kweGerman Cell Tumors Kurapa Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Mwana Wekuwedzera Kuwedzera kweGerm Cell Tumors

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Yevacheche extracranial germ maseru mamota anoumba kubva kumajemusi maseru muzvikamu zvemuviri kunze kwehuropi.

• Yevacheche yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru inogona kunge iri benign kana yakaipa.

• Yevacheche yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru akabatanidzwa segonadal kana extragonadal extracranial tumors.

• Gonadal Germ Cell Tumarara

• Extragonadal Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

• Kune matatu marudzi ezvekuwedzera maseru hutachiona maseru.

• Teratomas

• Inotyisa Germ Cell Tumarara

• Yakasanganiswa Germ Cell Tumors

• Chikonzero chevazhinji hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona maseru maseru hachizivikanwe.

• Kuve nekumwe kusagadzikana kwakagara nhaka kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru.

• Zviratidzo zvehucheche hwekunze hutachiona hutachiona hunotsamira pane panowanikwa bundu mumuviri.

• Kufungidzira zvidzidzo uye bvunzo dzeropa zvinoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Yevacheche extracranial germ maseru mamota anoumba kubva kumajemusi maseru muzvikamu zvemuviri kunze kwehuropi.

Utachiona hwemajusi rudzi rwechitokisi chinoumba sechibereko (mwana asati aberekwa) anokura. Masero aya anozoita urume mumachende kana mazai mumazai.

Iyi pfupiso iri pamusoro pehutachiona hwemasero hutachiona hunoumba muzvikamu zvemuviri zvinowedzera (kunze kwehuropi). Extracranial germ cell tumors kazhinji inoumba munzvimbo dzinotevera dzemuviri:

• Machende.

• Ovaries.

• Sacrum kana coccyx (tailbone).

• Retroperitoneum (nzvimbo iri kuseri kwedumbu kuseri kwetissue inoisa madziro emudumbu uye inovhara mitezo mizhinji mudumbu).

• Mediastinum (nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu).

• Musoro nemutsipa.

Extracranial germ maseru mamota anoumba muzvikamu zvemuviri kunze kwehuropi. Izvi zvinosanganisira machende, mazai, sacrum (chikamu chepazasi chemuzongoza), coccyx (tailbone), mediastinum (nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu), retroperitoneum (rusvingo rwekuseri kwedumbu), uye musoro nemutsipa.

Extracranial germ cell tumors zvinowanzoitika kune vechidiki.

Wona pfupiso ye paUdiki Hwepakati Nervous SystemGerm Cell Tumors Kurapa kweruzivo nezve kusagadzikana (mukati mehuropi) hutachiona hwemaseru.

Yevacheche yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru inogona kunge iri benign kana yakaipa.

Extracranial germ cell tumors inogona kunge iri benign (noncancer) kana yakaipa (cancer).

Yevacheche yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru akabatanidzwa segonadal kana extragonadal extracranial tumors.

Malignant extracranial germ cell tumors ndiwo mamota anoita kunze kwehuropi. Ivo gonadal kana extragonadal.

Gonadal Germ Cell Tumarara

Gonadal germ cell tumors form in the gonads (testicles uye ovaries).

• Testicular utachiona sero mamota. Testicular germ cell tumors dzakakamurwa kuita maviri makuru mhando, seminoma uye nonseminoma. Nonseminomas anowanzo kuve makuru uye anokonzera zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvehosha. Ivo vanowanzo kukura uye kupararira nekukurumidza kupfuura maseminoma.

Testicular germ cell tumors zvinowanzoitika pamberi pemakore mana emakore kana muvachiri kuyaruka nevakuru vechidiki. Testicular germ cell tumors muvachiri kuyaruka (makore gumi nerimwe nekure) uye vechidiki vakuru vakasiyana nevaya vanoumba vachiri vadiki.

• Ovarian germ maseru mamota. Ovarian germ maseru mamota anowanzoitika muvasikana vachiri kuyaruka uye vakadzi vadiki. Mazhinji ovarian germ cell tumors ane benign akura teratomas (dermoid cysts). Mamwe mamota esvoma ehutachiona maseru, senge matatoma asina kukura, dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, kana musanganiswa wegemarara maseru mamota, akaipa.

Extragonadal Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors fomu munzvimbo dzemuviri kunze kwehuropi kana gonads (machende nemazai).

Mazhinji extragonadal extracranial germ maseru mamota anoumba padhuze nepakati pemuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Sacrum (iro rakakura, rakapetwa katatu bhonzo mumuzasi wezasi rinoita chikamu chemuhudyu).

• Coccyx (muswe).

• Mediastinum (iyo nzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu).

• Kudzoka kwedumbu.

• Neck.

Muvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nerimwe, extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors zvinowanzoitika pakuzvarwa kana muhucheche hudiki. Mazhinji emamota aya ane benign teratomas mu sacrum kana coccyx.

Muvana vakura, vachiri kuyaruka, uye vechidiki vakuru (makore gumi nerimwe nekure), extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors anowanzo ari mu mediastinum.

Kune matatu marudzi ezvekuwedzera maseru hutachiona maseru.

Extracranial germ cell tumors akaiswawo muzvikamu zvetatomas, zvinokuvadza germ cell tumors, uye yakasanganiswa germ cell tumors:

Teratomas

Kune maviri makuru marudzi eatatomas:

• Matureoma akura. Aya mamota ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda mhando yeakawandisa hutachiona hwemaseru bundu. Matatomas akura ane mamota ane hutachiona uye haatomboita kenza. Zvinowanzoitika mu sacrum kana coccyx muvacheche vachangoberekwa kana mumachende kana mumazai pakutanga kwekuyaruka. Maseru etatomas akura anotaridzika kunge maseru akajairwa pasi pe microscope. Dzimwe teratomas dzakura dzinoburitsa ma enzymes kana mahormone anokonzeresa nezviratidzo zvezvirwere.

• Matatomas mashoma. Aya mamota anowanzoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwegonads muvana vadiki kana mumazai pakutanga kwekuyaruka. Iwo ane masero anotaridzika akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakajairika maseru pasi pe microscope. Matatoma asina kukura anogona kunge ari cancer uye ichipararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Ivo vanowanzove nemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzeturu mukati mavo, senge bvudzi, mhasuru, uye pfupa. Dzimwe teratomas dzisina kusimba dzinoburitsa ma enzymes kana mahormone anokonzeresa zviratidzo zvehosha.

Inotyisa Germ Cell Tumarara

Yakashata germ maseru mamota kenza. Kune maviri akakosha marudzi eanokuvadza germ maseru mamota:

• Seminomatous germ maseru mamota. Kune matatu matatu emhando dzeseminomatous germ cell tumors:

• Seminomasita fomu mune testicle.

• Dysgerminomas fomu mune ovary.

• Germinomas inoumba munzvimbo dzemuviri dzisiri ovary kana testicle, senge mediastinum.

• Asina-seminomatous utachiona hwemajeri maseru. Kune mashanu marudzi easina-seminomatous utachiona hwemajeri maseru:

• Yolk sac tumors inogadzira hormone inonzi alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Vanogona kuumba mune ovary, testicle, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.

• Choriocarcinomas inogadzira mahormone anonzi beta-munhu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Vanogona kuumba mune ovary, testicle, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.

• Embryonal carcinomas inogona kugadzira hormone inonzi β-hCG. Vanogona kuumba mutende kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri, asi kwete mune ovary.

• Gonadoblastomas.

• Teratoma uye yolk sac mamota.

Yakasanganiswa Germ Cell Tumors

Yakasanganiswa germ cell tumors inoumbwa neanenge maviri marudzi eanokuvadza germ sero bundu. Vanogona kuumba mune ovary, testicle, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.

Chikonzero chevazhinji hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona maseru maseru hachizivikanwe.

Kuve nekumwe kusagadzikana kwakagara nhaka kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wemwana wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako angave ari panjodzi.

Zvimwe zvinogona kuisa njodzi kuzvinhu zvekuwedzera maseru maseru anosanganisira anotevera:

• Kuva nedzimwe geni syndromes:

• Klinefelter syndrome inogona kuwedzera njodzi yehutachiona hwemasero maseru mune mediastinum.

• Swyer syndrome inogona kuwedzera njodzi yegonadoblastoma uye seminoma.

• Turner syndrome inogona kuwedzera njodzi yegonadoblastoma uye dysgerminoma.

• Kuva nechitende chisina kukodzera kunogona kuwedzera mukana wekenza yemumuviri.

• Kuva negonadal dysgenesis (iyo gonad-ovary kana testicle-haina kuumbwa zvakajairika) inogona kuwedzera njodzi yegonadoblastoma.

Zviratidzo zvehucheche hwekunze hutachiona hutachiona hunotsamira pane panowanikwa bundu mumuviri.

Mamota akasiyana anogona kukonzera zvinotevera zviratidzo nezviratidzo. Mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukonzera izvi zvakafanana zviratidzo nezviratidzo. Tarisa nachiremba kana mwana wako aine chero chinotevera:

• Bundu mumutsipa, mudumbu, kana pasi kumashure.

• Bundu risingarwadzi mune testicle.

• Marwadzo mudumbu.

• Kupindwa nechando.

• Kuzvimbirwa.

• Mumadzimai, hapana nguva yekuenda kumwedzi kana kubuda kweropa zvisina kujairika.

Kufungidzira zvidzidzo uye bvunzo dzeropa zvinoshandiswa kuona (tsvaga) uye kuongorora hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Iwo machende anogona kuongororwa kuti ane mapundu, kuzvimba, kana kurwadziwa. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Serum tumor marker bvunzo: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa unotariswa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo, nyama, kana tumarara masero mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosunganidzwa kune chaiwo marudzi ekenza kana akawanikwa mune akawedzera mwero muropa. Aya anonzi mamarara mamark.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa hutachiona maseru maturu anoburitsa mamota mamaki. Aya anotevera mamaki mamaki anogona kushandiswa kuona yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru.

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-yevanhu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

Kune testicular germ cell tumors, mazinga eropa emota mamaki anobatsira kuratidza kana bundu iri seminoma kana nonseminoma.

• Ropa kemesitiri zvidzidzo: Maitiro umo muyedzo weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) chiyero chechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scan yemudumbu. Mwana akarara patafura inotsvedza kuburikidza neCT scanner, iyo inotora mifananidzo ye x-ray yemukati medumbu.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yedumbu. Mwana akarara patafura inotsvedza ichipinda muMRI scanner, inotora mifananidzo yemukati memuviri. Iyo padhi padumbu remwana inobatsira kujekesa mifananidzo.

• Ultrasound bvunzo: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati nyama kana nhengo uye anoita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare.

Abdominal ultrasound. Ultrasound transducer yakabatana nekombuta inosvinwa yakanangana neganda remudumbu. Iyo transducer inovhuvhuta masaisai ezwi kubva mukati memukati uye matishu kuti aite maungira anoita iyo sonogram (komputa mufananidzo).

• Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Dzimwe nguva kucheka chekiopisiti kana tsono biopsy inoitwa pamberi pekuvhiya kubvisa samu yenyama. Dzimwe nguva bundu rinobviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa uyezve sampuro yetishu ichibviswa pabundu.

Iyi bvunzo inotevera inogona kuitwa pane sampuro yetishu inobviswa.

• Kuongorora kweCytogenetic: Kuedzwa kwerabhoritari umo ma chromosomes emaseru mune svumbunuro yezvinyama zvinoverengerwa uye kuongororwa chero shanduko, dzakadai sekutyoka, kushaikwa, kugadziriswazve, kana mamwe ma chromosomes. Shanduko mune mamwe ma chromosomes inogona kunge iri chiratidzo checancer. Kuongorora kweCytogenetic kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora cancer, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira mamwe maantigen (mamaki) mune imwe sampuro yetishu yemurwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anowanzo sunganidzwa ne enzyme kana dhayi ye fluorescent. Mushure mekunge maantibodies akasunga kune yakasarudzika antigen mune yeiyo sampuli, iyo enzyme kana dhayi inogoneswa, uye iyo antigen inogona kuzoonekwa pasi pe microscope. Rudzi urwu rweyedzo runoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora gomarara uye kubatsira kutaurira imwe mhando yekenza kubva kune imwe mhando yegomarara.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Zera remurwere uye hutano hwese.

• Chikamu checancer (ingave yakapararira kunzvimbo dziri padyo, lymph node, kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri).

• Kwakatanga kukura bundu.

• Iyo bundu rinopindura sei pakurapwa.

• Rudzi rwehutachiona sero bundu.

• Kunyangwe murwere aine gonadal dysgenesis.

• Kunyangwe bundu racho rinogona kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Kufungidzira kwehucheche hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru, kunyanya ovarian germ cell tumors, kwakanaka.

Matanho eDiki Ekuwedzera Kubuda kweGerm Cell Tumors

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekuonekwa kwehumwe hutachiona hwehutachiona hutachiona, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana maseru ekenza apararira kubva pakatangira bundu kuenda kunzvimbo dziri padyo kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Matanho anoshandiswa kutsanangudza mhando dzakasiyana dzekunze utachiona hwemaseru.

• Testicular germ cell tumors muvarwere vadiki pane makore gumi nerimwe

• Testicular germ cell tumors mune varwere vane makore gumi nerimwe zvichikwira

• Ovarian germ maseru mamota

• Extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors

Mushure mekuonekwa kwehumwe hutachiona hwehutachiona hutachiona, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana maseru ekenza apararira kubva pakatangira bundu kuenda kunzvimbo dziri padyo kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro akashandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira kubva kwakatangira bundu kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, staging inogona kutevera kuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu.

Maitiro anotevera anogona kushandiswa:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge huropi kana lymph node. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge chipfuva kana lymph node, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

• Thoracentesis: Kubviswa kwemvura kubva panzvimbo iri pakati pechidzitiro chechipfuva nemapapu, uchishandisa tsono. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona fluid ari pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza.

• Paracentesis: Kubviswa kwemvura kubva munzvimbo iri pakati pechigadziko chedumbu nenhengo dziri mudumbu, uchishandisa tsono. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona fluid ari pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza.

Mhedzisiro kubva kuongororo uye maitiro anoshandiswa kuona uye kuongorora hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru anogona zvakare kushandiswa mukutora.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana hutachiona hwekunze hutachiona hunopararira kuchiropa, maseru emukenza ari muchiropa ndiwo masero ehutachiona ane gomarara. Hosha iyi metastatic extracranial germ sero bundu, kwete kenza yechiropa.

Matanho anoshandiswa kutsanangudza mhando dzakasiyana dzekunze utachiona hwemaseru.

Testicular germ cell tumors muvarwere vadiki pane makore gumi nerimwe

Aya matanho anotevera anobva kuVana Oncology Boka.

• Chikamu I

Padanho I, gomarara rinowanikwa mune testicle chete. Iyo testicle uye spermatic tambo inobviswa zvachose nekuvhiya uye zvese zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:

• iyo capsule (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu) hachina kubvaruka (kuvhurika) uye biopsy haina kuitwa risati bvisa bundu; uye

• maLymph node ese ari madiki pane 1 sentimita muhupamhi hwavo hupfupi pane CT scan kana MRI.

• Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, testicle uye spermatic tambo inobviswa nekuvhiya uye chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• iyo capsule (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu) chakabvaruka (chakavhurika) kana kuti biopsy yakaitwa usati wavhiyiwa; kana

• gomarara iro rinogona kungoonekwa nemaikorosikopu rinoramba riri muchikanda kana mutambo wespermatic padhuze nechikanda uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa bundu rekumaka haridzokere kune zvakajairwa kana kusadzikira.

Kenza haina kupararira kune iyo lymph node.

• Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• gomarara rapararira kune rimwe kana mamwe ma "lymph node" kumashure kweshure kwedumbu; kana

• maLymph node ese anosvika maviri masendimita paupamhi kana akakura kupfuura 1 sentimita asi ari madiki pane masendimita maviri muhupamhi hwavo hupfupi uye anogona kunge asina kuchinja kana kukura kana CT scan kana MRI ichidzokororwa mukati memavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu.

• Chikamu IV

Muchikamu IV, gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, dzakadai sechiropa, mapapu, pfupa uye huropi.

Testicular germ cell tumors mune varwere vane makore gumi nerimwe zvichikwira

Ona pfupiso ye paTesticular Cancer Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve staging inoshandiswa kune testicular germ cell tumors mune varwere vane makore gumi nerimwe zvichikwira.

Ovarian germ maseru mamota

Maitiro maviri ekuratidzira anoshandiswa kune ovarian germ cell tumors: Yevana Oncology Boka uye iyo International Federation yeGynecology uye Obstetrics (FIGO).

Aya matanho anotevera anobva kuVana Oncology Boka.

• Chikamu I

Muchikamu ini, bundu riri muovary rinobviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye zvese zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:

• iyo capsule (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu) hachina kubvaruka (kuvhurika) uye biopsy haina kuitwa risati bvisa bundu; uye

• hapana chiratidzo chekuti gomarara rapararira kuburikidza necapsule; uye

• hapana masero ekenza anowanikwa mune fluid inotorwa kubva mudumbu; uye

• hapana gomarara rinoonekwa mumatishu anokomberedza dumbu kana kuwanikwa mumashutu esampu akatorwa panguva yebiopsy; uye

• MaLymph node madiki pane 1 masendimita muhupamhi hwayo hupfupi pane CT scan kana MRI kana hapana kenza inowanikwa mune lymph node tishu masampuli akatorwa panguva yebiopsy.

• Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, bundu riri muovary rinobviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye bhaopsy inoitwa pamberi pekuvhiya uye chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• kenza yakapararira mukati mese kana chikamu cheiyo kapulezi (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu); kana

• bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita gumi uye rinobviswa nekuvhiya kweparoscopic; kana

• bundu racho rinobviswa nekutyorwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye hazvizivikanwe kana gomarara rapararira nemu capsule.

Cancer masero haawanikwe mune fluid inotorwa kubva mudumbu. Gomarara harionekwi mune lymph node kana nyama inoteedzera mudumbu uye gomarara haina kuwanikwa mumashutu esuru akatorwa panguva yebiopsy.

• Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, bundu riri muovari rinobviswa nekuvhiya uye chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• maLymph node ane 2 masendimita paupamhi kana akakura kupfuura 1 sentimita asi ari madiki pane masendimita maviri muhupamhi hwavo hupfupi uye angangove asina kuchinja kana kukura kana CT scan kana MRI ichidzokororwa mavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu mushure mekuvhiyiwa; kana

• bundu haribvisike zvachose nekuvhiya kana kuti biopsy yakaitwa usati wavhiyiwa; kana

• gomarara maseru (kusanganisira teratoma isati yakura) anowanikwa mune hura hwakatorwa kubva mudumbu; kana

• gomarara (kusanganisira teratoma isina kusimba) inowanikwa mune lymph node; kana

• gomarara (kusanganisira teratoma isati yakwana) inowanikwa munyama inowisa dumbu.

• Chikamu chechitatu-X

Muchikamu chechitatu-X, bundu rinogona kutsanangurwa sedanho rekutanga kana rechipiri II, kunze kwekunge:

• masero anonamira mudumbu haana kuunganidzwa; kana

• biopsy yema lymph node akakura kupfuura 1 sentimita muhupamhi hwayo hupfupi haina kuitwa; kana

• biopsy yemicheka kubva kumucheto wedumbu haina kuitwa; kana

• staging haina kupedzwa panguva yekuvhiya asi inozopedzwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwechipiri.

• Chikamu IV

Muchikamu IV, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• kenza yapararira kuchiropa kana kunze kwedumbu kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri, senge bhonzo, mapapu, kana huropi.

• gomarara maseru anowanikwa mune zvinoyerera mumapapu.

Matanho anotevera anobva kuInternational Federation yeGynecology uye Obstetrics (FIGO).

• Chikamu I

Muchikamu chekutanga, gomarara rinowanikwa mune rimwe kana maviri emazai uye harina kupararira. Chikamu I chakakamurwa muchikamu IA, nhanho IB, uye nhanho IC.

• Stage IA: Kenza inowanikwa mune imwe ovary.

• Chikamu IB: Kenza inowanikwa mune ese mavhai.

• Stage IC: Kenza inowanikwa mune imwe kana maviri maevhari uye imwe yeanotevera ichokwadi:

• gomarara rinowanikwawo nechekunze pechimwechete kana zvese zviri zviviri mazai; kana

• iyo capsule (chifukidziro chekunze) chebundu rakaputika (rakavhurika) pamberi kana panguva yekuvhiyiwa; kana

• cancer maseru anowanikwa mune fluid inotorwa kubva mudumbu kana mukuwachwa kweperitoneal cavity (iyo mhango yemuviri ine yakawanda yenhengo mudumbu).

• Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, gomarara rinowanikwa mune rimwe kana mavha mavari uye rapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechiuno, kana gomarara repayoneone rinowanikwa. Chikamu II chakakamurwa kuva nhanho IIA uye nhanho IIB.

• Chikamu chechipiri IIA: Kenza yakapararira muchibereko uye / kana fallopian machubhu (iwo marefu matete machubhu ayo mazai anodarika kubva kumazai kuenda muchibereko).

• Chikamu IIB: Kenza yakapararira kune mamwe maturu mukati memapapiro akadai seye dundira, rectum, kana mukadzi.

• Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, gomarara rinowanikwa mune rimwe kana maovari kana gomarara reperitoneal rinowanikwa. Kenza yakapararira kunze kwechiuno kusvika kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemudumbu uye / kana kune lymph node kumashure kwedumbu. Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa kuita IIIA, danho IIIB, uye danho IIIC.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

• Muchikamu IIIA, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node kuseri kwedumbu chete; kana

• cancer maseru ayo anogona kungoonekwa chete nemaikorosikopu akapararira kumusoro kweperitoneum kunze kwechiuno. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune ma lymph node ari padyo kumashure kwedumbu.

• Stage IIIB: Kenza yakapararira kune iyo peritoneum kunze kwechiuno uye kenza iri mu peritoneum iri 2 masendimita kana madiki. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node kuseri kwedumbu.

• Stage IIIC: Kenza yakapararira kune iyo peritoneum kunze kwechiuno uye kenza iri mu peritoneum yakakura kudarika 2 masentimita. Kenza inogona kunge yakapararira kune lymph node kumashure kwedumbu kana kumeso kwechiropa kana spleen.

• Chikamu IV

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa kuita nhanho IVA uye IVB.

• Nhanho IVA: Maseru ekenza anowanikwa mune mamwe emvura anovaka akatenderedza mapapu.

• Nhanho IVB: Kenza yakapararira kune nhengo uye zvinyama kunze kwedumbu, kusanganisira lymph node mune iyo groin.

Extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors

Aya matanho anotevera anobva kuVana Oncology Boka.

• Chikamu I

Muchikamu ini, bundu rinobviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye zvese zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:

• hapana masero ekenza anowanikwa munzvimbo yakabviswa bundu; uye

• iyo capsule (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu) hachina kubvaruka (kuvhurika) uye biopsy haina kuitwa risati bvisa bundu; uye

• gomarara maseru haawanikwe muhuturu hwakatorwa kubva mudumbu, kana bundu riri mudumbu; uye

• lymph node madiki pane 1 sentimita paCT scan kana MRI yedumbu, chiuno, uye chipfuva.

• Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, kenza haina kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• kenza iyo inogona kungoonekwa ne microscope inosara mushure mekuvhiyiwa; kana

• gomarara rinogona kuoneka neziso rinosara mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kapsule (chifukidziro chekunze chebundu) chakatsemuka (chakavhurika) kana bhaopsy rakaitwa.

Cancer masero haawanikwe mune fluid inotorwa kubva mudumbu. Iko hakuna chiratidzo checancer mune lymph node mudumbu, chiuno, kana chipfuva pane CT scan kana MRI.

• Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, chimwe cheanotevera ichokwadi:

• kenza haina kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa uye gomarara iro rinogona kuoneka neziso rinosara mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana bhaopsy chete yakaitwa; kana

• MaLymph node ane 2 masendimita pakureba kana akakura kupfuura 1 sentimita asi ari madiki pane masendimita maviri muhupamhi hwepfupi uye angangove asina kuchinja kana kukura kana CT scan kana MRI ichidzokororwa mukati memavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu.

• Chikamu IV

Muchikamu IV, gomarara rapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvakaita sechiropa, mapapu, pfupa, kana huropi.

Kudzokororwa Kwevacheche Kuwedzererwa kweGerm Cell Tumors

Kudzokororwa kwehudiki kwekuwedzera kwehutachiona hutachiona hutachiona kenza yakadzokazve (kudzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka panzvimbo imwechete kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Huwandu hwevarwere vane mamota anodzoka mashoma. Zvizhinji zvinowanzoitika zvehutachiona hwemaseru zvinodzoka mukati memakore matatu ekuvhiyiwa. Inenge hafu yematatomas anodzokedzana mu sacrum kana coccyx yakaipa, saka kutevedzera kwakakosha.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwevana vane extracranial germ cell tumors.

• Vana vane extracranial germ cell tumors vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanoona nezvehutano vari nyanzvi pakurapa kenza muvana.

• Kurapa kwehudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona hunogona kukonzeresa mhedzisiro.

• Mhando mitatu yekurapa kwakajairika inoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Kucherechedza

• Chemotherapy

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell yekuisa

• Radiation kurapa

• Targeted kurapwa

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwevana vane extracranial germ cell tumors.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kune vana vane extracranial germ cell tumors. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa.

Nekuti kenza muvana isingawanzo, kutora chikamu mukutongwa kwekiriniki kunofanirwa kutariswa. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Vana vane extracranial germ cell tumors vanofanirwa kurapwa kwavo kuchirongwa nechikwata chevanoona nezvehutano vari nyanzvi pakurapa kenza muvana.

Kurapa kunozoonekwa nachiremba wevana oncologist, chiremba ane hunyanzvi hwekurapa vana vane gomarara. Vanachiremba oncologist vanoshanda nevamwe vatapi vezvehutano vari nyanzvi mukurapa vana vane extracranial germ cell tumors uye vanoziva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemishonga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira vanachiremba vanotevera:

• Chiremba wevana.

• Chiremba wechiremba wechiremba.

• Chiremba wehematologist.

• Radiation oncologist.

• Endocrinologist.

• Mukoti wechiremba nyanzvi.

• Rehabilitation nyanzvi.

• Hupenyu hwemwana hunyanzvi.

• Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa.

• Wezvemagariro.

• Geneticist.

Kurapa kwehudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona hunogona kukonzeresa mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inotanga panguva yekurapa kenza, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kubva pakurapwa nekenza zvinotanga mushure mekurapwa uye kuenderera kwemwedzi kana makore zvinonzi kunonoka kuitika Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekurapwa nekenza inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Matambudziko epanyama, akadai sekushaya mbereko, kunetseka kunzwa uye neitsvo matambudziko.

• Shanduko mumanzwiro, manzwiro, kufunga, kudzidza, kana ndangariro.

• Gomarara repiri (mhando nyowani dzekenza), senge leukemia.

Mimwe mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inogona kurapwa kana kudzorwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure navanachiremba vemwana wako nezve mhedzisiro yekurapwa nekenza kunogona kuve pamwana wako. (Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peMagumo Ekurapa kweKenza Yevacheche kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo).

Mhando mitatu yekurapa kwakajairika inoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya kubvisa zvachose bundu kunoitwa pese pazvinogoneka. Kana bundu iri rakakura kwazvo, chemotherapy inogona kupihwa pekutanga, kuita kuti bundu rive diki uye kudzikisa huwandu hweturu hunoda kubviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Chinangwa chekuvhiya ndechekuchengetedza kubereka basa. Aya anotevera marudzi ekuvhiya anogona kushandiswa:

• Kubvongodza: ​​Kuvhiya kubvisa nyama kana chikamu kana nhengo yese.

• Radical inguinal orchiectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa rimwe kana maviri machende kuburikidza necision (kucheka) muguyo.

• Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa ovary imwe uye imwe fallopian chubhu kudivi rimwe chete.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inogona kuoneka panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Kucherechedza

Kucherechedza kuri kunyatsoongorora mamiriro emurwere pasina kupa chero kurapwa kusvikira zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa kana kuchinja. Kune yehudiki yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru, izvi zvinosanganisira bvunzo dzepanyama, bvunzo dzekufungidzira, uye bvunzo yemamota.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy).

Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Systemic chemotherapy inoshandiswa kurapa maseru maseru mamota.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chidimbu chikamu chinotsanangura kurapwa kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Zvinogona kusataura nezveese marapirwo matsva ari kuongororwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy ine stem cell yekuisa

Yakakwira madosi ekemotherapy anopiwa kuuraya cancer maseru. Masero ane hutano, kusanganisira masero anogadzira ropa, anoparadzwa nekenza kurapwa. Stem cell transplant kurapwa kwekutsiva maseru anogadzira ropa. Masero emashizha (masero eropa asina kusimba) anobviswa muropa kana mwongo wemapfupa emurwere kana mupi uye anoomeswa nechando. Mushure mekunge murwere apedza chemotherapy, maseru akachengetwa anonyungudutswa uye ndokudzoserwa kumurwere kuburikidza nekumukiswa. Aya akadzikiswa maseru emadzinde anokura kuita (uye kudzoreredza) masero eropa emuviri.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Iyo nzira iyo radiation radiation inopihwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwegomarara uye kana radzoka. Kunze kwekurapwa nemwaranzi kuri kuongororwa kwekurapa kwehudiki hwekunze hutachiona hwemaseru hwakadzoka.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy rudzi rwekurapa runoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kurwisa mamwe maseru ekenza. Targeted Therapis iri kuongororwa kuitira kurapwa kwekuwedzera kwehutachiona hutachiona maseru akadzoka.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro emwana wako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Kune yehudiki yekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru, kuteedzera kunogona kusanganisira bvunzo dzepanyama, bvunzo yemamota, uye bvunzo dzekufungidzira senge CT scan, MRI kana chest x-ray.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeMwana Kuwedzera Kubuda kweGerm Cell Tumors

Muchikamu chino

• Mature uye Matera Matatoma

• Inotyisa Gonadal Germ Cell Tumarara

• Yakashata Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

• Yakashata Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

• Inotyisa Extragonadal Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

• Kudzokororwa Kwevacheche Kwakakomba Kwakawedzera Kuwedzera kweGerm Cell Tumors

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Mature uye Matera Matatoma

Kurapa kwetatoma dzakakura kunosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu rinoteverwa nekucherechedza.

Kurapa kwetatomas isati yakura kunosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu richiteverwa nekucherechedzwa kwepamuviri ini mamota.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu rechikamu chechipiri-IV. Muvana vadiki, kuvhiyiwa kunoteverwa nekucherechedza; kushandiswa kwekemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kunopokana. Muvachiri kuyaruka nevakuru vechidiki, chemotherapy inopihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Dzimwe nguva teratoma yakakura kana isina kukura inewo masero akaipa. Teratoma ine maseru akaipa anogona kuda kurapwa zvakasiyana.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Inotyisa Gonadal Germ Cell Tumarara

Yakashata Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Kurapa kwakaipisisa testicular germ cell tumors kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

Kune vakomana vari pasi pemakore gumi nerimwe.

• Kuvhiya (radical inguinal orchiectomy) inoteverwa nekucherechedzwa kweiyo nhanho ini mamota.

• Kuvhiya (radical inguinal orchiectomy) inoteverwa nekemotherapy yechikamu chechipiri-IV tumors.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yerevhimeni nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekucherechedzwa kwenhanho ini mamota kana chemotherapy yechikamu chechipiri-IV.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani chemotherapy regimen yematanho echipiri-IV.

Yevakomana vane makore gumi nerimwe zvichikwira:

Malignant testicular germ cell tumors muvakomana vane makore gumi nerimwe ekuberekwa vanorapwa zvakasiyana pane zvavari muvakomana vadiki. (Ona pfupiso ye paTesticular Cancer Treatment kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu. Dzimwe nguva lymph nodes mudumbu inobviswawo.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yerevhimeni nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekucherechedzwa kwenhanho ini mamota kana chemotherapy yechikamu chechipiri-IV.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani chemotherapy regimen.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Yakashata Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

Dzemusango

Kurapa kwedanho I dysgerminomas yeiyo ovary inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) inoteverwa nekucherechedza. Chemotherapy inogona kupihwa kana bundu rekumaka risingadzike mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana bundu rinodzoka.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yedzidzo nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekucherechedza.

Kurapa kwematanho II-IV dysgerminomas eiyo ovary inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) inoteverwa nekemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy yekudzora bundu, ichiteverwa nekuvhiya (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yedzidzo nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani chemotherapy regimen.

Nongerminomas

Kurapa kwema nongerminomas eiyo ovary, senge yolk sac tumors, yakavhenganiswa germ cell tumors, choriocarcinoma, uye embryonal carcinomas, muvasikana vadiki inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekucherechedzwa kwenzvimbo ini mamota.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa nekemotherapy yematanho eI-IV mamota.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yerevhimeni nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekucherechedzwa kwepamuviri ini mamota.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani regimen yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekemotherapy kune echikamu II-IV mamota.

Kurapa kwema nongerminomas eiyo ovari muvachiri kuyaruka uye vakadzi vadiki vanogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye chemotherapy yechitambo cheI-IV mamota.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yedzidzo nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekutarisa kana chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani chemotherapy regimen.

Kurapa kwema nongerminomas eiyo ovary isingakwanise kubviswa nekuvhiya kwekutanga pasina njodzi kumaturu ari padyo inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Biopsy inoteverwa nekemotherapy uye kuvhiyiwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Malignant Extragonadal Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Kurapa kwehucheche hunotyisa extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors muvana vadiki kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye chemotherapy yechitambo cheI-IV mamota.

• Biopsy inoteverwa nekemotherapy uye pamwe nekuvhiyiwa kwechikamu chechitatu uye IV mamota.

Kuwedzera padanho rechirwere, kurapwa kweanokuvadza extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors zvinoenderana nekuti bundu rakaumbwa sei mumuviri:

• Kune mamota mune iyo sacrum kana coccyx, chemotherapy yekudzora bundu rinoteverwa nekuvhiya kubvisa iyo sacrum uye / kana coccyx.

• Kune mamota mune iyo mediastinum, chemotherapy pamberi kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu mune iyo mediastinum.

• Kune mapundu mudumbu, biopsy inoteverwa nekemotherapy yekudzora bundu uye kuvhiya kubvisa bundu mudumbu.

• Kune mamota mumusoro nemutsipa, kuvhiya kubvisa bundu mumusoro kana mutsipa zvichiteverwa nekemotherapy.

Kurapa kwehucheche hunouraya extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors muvachiri kuyaruka uye vakuru vechidiki vanogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Chemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiya kubvisa bundu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki yedzidzo nyowani yekuvhiya inoteverwa nekutarisa kana chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kweiyo nyowani chemotherapy regimen.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kudzokororwa Kwevacheche Kwakakomba Kwakawedzera Kuwedzera kweGerm Cell Tumors

Kurapa kwehudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona hunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya.

• Chemotherapy yakapihwa usati kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kune akanyanya kuwanda ekuwedzera maseru maseru tumarara anosanganisira matatoma asina kusimba, malignant testicular germ cell tumors, uye yakaipa ovarian germ cell tumors.

• Chemotherapy yeinowanzoitika yakaipa testicular germ cell tumors uye inowanzoitika nongerminomas yeiyo ovary yaive danho I pakuongororwa.

• Yakakwira-dose chemotherapy uye stem cell yekuisa.

• Radiation therapy inoteverwa nekuvhiya kubvisa cancer iyo yakapararira kuuropi.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoongorora muyenzaniso wemota yemurwere kune mamwe magene ekuchinja. Rudzi rwekurapa kwakanangwa kuchapihwa kumurwere kunoenderana nerudzi rwechinjo yemajini.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy chete kana ichienzaniswa neyakanyanya-dose chemotherapy inoteverwa ne stem cell transplant.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Cancer Yevacheche

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve hudiki hwekuwedzera hutachiona hutachiona maseru, ona zvinotevera.

• Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor (Yehucheche) Peji Peji

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans uye Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwegomarara rehucheche uye zvimwe zvecancer zviwanikwa, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Cancers Yevacheche

• Kurapa Kutsvaga Kwevana Cancer Buda Disclaimer

• Mahedhi Ekupedzisira Ekurapwa kweKenza Yevacheche

• Vechidiki uye Vechidiki Vakuru vane Cancer

• Vana vane Cancer: Nhungamiro Yevabereki

• Kenza muVana neVachiri kuyaruka

• Stage

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira