Mhando / kervical / murwere / remuromo-kurapwa-pdq

Cervical Cancer Kurapa Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Cervical Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Gomarara repamuromo wechibereko chirwere chinogumbura maseru (gomarara) mumatumbu emuromo wechibereko.

• Utachiona hwevanhu papillomavirus (HPV) ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera chirwere chegomarara remuchibereko.

• Iko kazhinji hakuna zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvekutanga gomarara remuromo wechibereko asi zvinogona kuonekwa nekutanga nekuongororwa nguva dzese.

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remuromo wechibereko zvinosanganisira kubuda ropa kwemadzimai uye kurwadziwa kwepamuviri.

• Kuedzwa kunoongorora chibereko chechibereko kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (kutsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara remuchibereko.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Gomarara repamuromo wechibereko chirwere chinogumbura maseru (gomarara) mumatumbu emuromo wechibereko.

Cervix ndiwo mugumo wezasi, wakamanikana wechibereko (hollow, nhengo yakaita peya panokura chibereko). Cervix inotungamira kubva muchibereko kuenda kuchikadzi (kuberekwa nzira).

Anatomy yevakadzi yekubereka system. Nhengo dziri muchikamu chekubereka chevakadzi dzinosanganisira chibereko, mazai, mazamu, mazamu, uye mukadzi. Chibereko chine mhasuru yekunze inoshevedza inonzi myometrium uye nekamuri yemukati inonzi endometrium.

Gomarara remuromo wechibereko rinowanzo kukura zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva. Kenza isati yaonekwa mumuromo wechibereko, masero emuromo wechibereko anoenda kuburikidza neshanduko inozivikanwa sedysplasia, umo masero asina kujairika anotanga kuoneka mumucheka wechibereko. Nekufamba kwenguva, masero asina kujairika anogona kuita maseru ekenza uye otanga kukura nekupararira zvakadzama mumuromo wechibereko nekune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatenderedza.

Gomarara remuchibereko muvana ishoma.

Ona zvinotevera pfupiso dze kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kenza yemuromo wechibereko:

• Cervical Cancer Kudzivirira

• Cervical Cancer Kuongorora

• Zvisina kujairika Cancers zveVana Kurapa

Utachiona hwevanhu papillomavirus (HPV) ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera chirwere chegomarara remuchibereko.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wako wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi yekenza yemuromo wechibereko.

Njodzi zvinhu zvegomarara remuromo wechibereko zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kutapukirwa nepillomavirus yemunhu (HPV). Ichi ndicho chakanyanya kukosha njodzi paganda remuromo wechibereko.

• Kuoneswa mushonga kune DES (diethylstilbestrol) uri mudumbu raamai.

Mune vakadzi vane hutachiona hweHIVV, zvinotevera njodzi zvine njodzi zvinowedzera kuwanda kwecancer yechibereko.

• Kubereka vana vakawanda.

• Kusvuta midzanga.

• Kushandisa zvekudzivirira pamuromo ("iyo Piritsi") kwenguva yakareba.

Kune zvakare zvimwe njodzi zvinowedzera njodzi yehutachiona hweHIVV:

• Kuva nehutachiona husina simba hunokonzerwa nekudzivirira muviri. Immunosuppression inoderedza kugona kwemuviri kurwisa hutachiona nezvimwewo zvirwere. Kugona kwemuviri kurwisa hutachiona hweHPV kunogona kudzikiswa nekuzvidzivirira kwenguva refu kubva ku:

• kubatwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwevanhu (HIV).

• kutora mushonga kubatsira kudzivirira kurambwa kwechirume mushure mekuiswa.

• Kuita zvepabonde pazera diki.

• Kuva nevakawanda pabonde.

Kuchembera ndiyo njodzi huru kune vakawanda kanzura. Mukana wekubata cancer unowedzera paunenge uchikura.

Iko kazhinji hakuna zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvekutanga gomarara remuromo wechibereko asi zvinogona kuonekwa nekutanga nekuongororwa nguva dzese.

Gomarara rekutanga remuchibereko rinogona kusakonzera zviratidzo kana zviratidzo. Vakadzi vanofanirwa kugara vachiongororwa, kusanganisira bvunzo dzekutarisa kuti papillomavirus yevanhu (HPV) kana masero asina kujairika mumuromo wechibereko. Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) kuri nani kana gomarara rikawanikwa nekukurumidza.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remuromo wechibereko zvinosanganisira kubuda ropa kwemadzimai uye kurwadziwa kwepamuviri. Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa negomarara remuchibereko kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Vaginal kubuda ropa (kusanganisira kubuda ropa mushure mekusangana pabonde).

• Kusina kujairika kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi kubuda.

• Kurwadziwa kwepamuviri.

• Marwadzo panguva yepabonde.

Kuedzwa kunoongorora chibereko chechibereko kunoshandiswa kutsvaga (kutsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara remuchibereko.

Maitiro anotevera anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwemuviri uye nhoroondo yehutano: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Pelvic bvunzo: Kuongororwa kwemukadzi, chibereko, chibereko, fallopian machubhu, ovari, uye rectum. A speculum inowanikwa mukati memukadzi uye chiremba kana mukoti anotarisa kumukadzi nemuromo wechibereko kune zviratidzo zvehosha. Kuedzwa kwePap kwechibereko chechibereko kunowanzoitwa. Chiremba kana mukoti vanoisawo rimwe kana maviri akazorwa mafuta, zvigunwe zvakaiswa ruoko rweumwe ruoko mukati memukadzi uye anoisa rumwe ruoko pamusoro pezasi peguvhu kuti unzwe kukura, chimiro, uye chinzvimbo chechibereko nemazai. Chiremba kana mukoti anoisawo chigunwe chakazorwa mafuta, chakapfekerwa muguruva kuti unzwe mabundu kana nzvimbo dzisina kujairika.

Kuongorora kwepelvic. Chiremba kana mukoti vanoisa imwe kana miviri yakazorwa mafuta, zvigunwe zvakaiswa ruoko rweumwe ruoko mukati memukadzi uye kutsikirira padumbu rezasi nerumwe ruoko. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti unzwe kukura, chimiro, uye chinzvimbo chechibereko nemazai. Iyo vagina, cervix, fallopian machubhu, uye rectum inoongororwawo.

• Pap bvunzo: Maitiro ekuunganidza maseru kubva pamusoro pemuromo wechibereko nemukadzi. Chidimbu chekotoni, bhurasho, kana kamuti kadiki kanoshandiswa kupuruzira zvinyoronyoro masero kubva mumuromo wechibereko nemukadzi. Masero anotariswa pasi pe microscope kuti aone kana asina kujairika Maitiro aya anonziwo Pap smear.

Pap bvunzo. A speculum inoiswa mukati memukadzi kuti ikure. Zvadaro, bhurasho inoiswa mukati memukadzi kuti itore masero kubva pamuromo wechibereko. Masero anoongororwa pasi pe microscope kuti aone zviratidzo zvehosha.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) bvunzo: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kunoshandiswa kuongorora DNA kana RNA kune mamwe marudzi ehutachiona hweHIVV. Masero anounganidzwa kubva pamuromo wechibereko uye DNA kana RNA kubva mumasero inoongororwa kuti uone kana hutachiona hunokonzerwa nemhando yeHIVV inosangana negomarara remuromo wechibereko. Muedzo uyu unogona kuitwa uchishandisa muyenzaniso wemasero akabviswa panguva yePap bvunzo. Bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwawo kana mhedzisiro yePap bvunzo ichiratidza mamwe asina kujairika maseru emuchibereko.

• Endocervical curettage: Maitiro ekuunganidza maseru kana zvinyama kubva mumuromo wechibereko uchishandisa mushonga (chipenga chakaita kunge chipunu). Masampuli enyama anotorwa otariswa pasi pemaikorosikopu kuti aone zviratidzo zvegomarara. Maitiro aya dzimwe nguva anoitwa panguva imwechete necolposcopy.

• Colposcopy: Maitiro ekuti colposcope (chishandiso chakavhenekerwa, chinokudza) inoshandiswa kutarisa kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi uye chibereko munzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Masampuli enyama anogona kutorwa achishandisa mushonga (chipenga chakaita kunge chipunu) kana bhurasho woongororwa pasi pe microscope kuti uone zviratidzo zvechirwere.

• Biopsy: Kana masero asina kujairika akawanikwa muPap test, chiremba anogona kuita biopsy. Muenzaniso wetissue unochekwa kubva pamuromo wechibereko uye unotariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba kuti aone zviratidzo zvegomarara. Biopsy iyo inobvisa chete shoma shoma yeturu inowanzoitwa muhofisi yechiremba. Mukadzi anogona kuda kuenda kuchipatara kunotora cervical cone biopsy (kubviswa kwemhando yakakura, yakaita sekoni yemukati wechibereko).

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu chegomarara (saizi yebundu uye kuti chinokanganisa chikamu chechibereko chechibereki kana muromo wechibereko, kana chakatekeshera kune ma "lymph node" kana dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri).

• Rudzi rwegomarara remuchibereko.

• Zera remurwere uye hutano hwese.

• Kunyangwe murwere aine rumwe rudzi rwevanhu papillomavirus (HPV).

• Kunyangwe murwere aine hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV (HIV).

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu checancer.

• Rudzi rwegomarara remuchibereko.

• Chido chemurwere chekuita vana.

• Zera remurwere.

Kurapa kwegomarara remuchibereko panguva yekuzvitakura kunoenderana nedanho rekenza uye nhanho yenhumbu. Kune gomarara remuromo wechibereko rakawanikwa nekukurumidza kana gomarara rakawanikwa mukati memwedzi mitatu yekupedzisira yenhumbu, kurapwa kunogona kunonoka kusvika mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona chikamu cheCancer Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri.

Matanho eCancer Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekunge gomarara remuchibereko raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero egomarara apararira mukati memuromo wechibereko kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Masero asina kujairika anogona kuumbika mumutsara wechibereko (carcinoma in situ).

• Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa pagomarara remuromo wechibereko:

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

Mushure mekunge gomarara remuchibereko raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero egomarara apararira mukati memuromo wechibereko kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati memuromo wechibereko kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri inonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Ultrasound bvunzo: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati nyama kana nhengo uye anoita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram. Mufananidzo uyu unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• Lymph node biopsy: Kubviswa kwezvose kana chikamu chema lymph node. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona iyo lymph node tishu pasi pe microscope kutarisa masero ekenza

• Cystoscopy: Maitiro ekutarisa mukati mechiropa uye urethra kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iyo cystoscope inoiswa kuburikidza neiyo urethra kupinda mudundira. Iyo cystoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

• Laparoscopy: Maitiro ekuvhiya kutarisa nhengo dziri mukati medumbu kutarisa zviratidzo zvehosha. Zvidiki zvidiki (kucheka) zvinogadzirwa mumadziro emimba uye laparoscope (mutete, turu turi) inoiswa mune chimwe cheicho chinochekwa. Zvimwe zviridzwa zvinogona kuiswa kuburikidza zvakafanana kana zvimwe zvinoitiswa kuti zviite nzira dzakadai sekubvisa nhengo kana kutora masampuli enyama kuti aongororwe pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvehosha.

• Kuchengetedza kwekutanga kwekuvhiya: Kuvhiya (kuvhiya) kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara rapararira mukati memuromo wechibereko kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, gomarara remuchibereko rinogona kubviswa panguva imwe chete. Kufanotaura kwekuvhiya kwekuvhiya kunowanzoitwa chete sechikamu chekuyedzwa kwekiriniki.

Mhedzisiro yemiyedzo iyi inoonekwa pamwe chete nezvakabuda pachironda chepakutanga kuti uone gomarara remuchibereko.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara remuromo wechibereko richipararira kuenda kumapapu, masero emukenza ari mumapapu ndiwo chaiwo maseru emukenza wechibereko. Chirwere ichi gomarara remuromo wechibereko, kwete gomarara remapapu.

Masero asina kujairika anogona kuumbika mumutsara wechibereko (carcinoma in situ).

Mu carcinoma in situ, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mukatikati memukati memuromo wechibereko. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo.

Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa pagomarara remuromo wechibereko:

Chikamu I

Padanho I, cancer yakaumba uye inowanikwa mumuromo wechibereko chete.

Chikamu I chakakamurwa muzvikamu IA uye IB, zvichibva pahukuru hwebundu uye yakadzika poindi yekupinda kwechirwere.

• Chikamu IA: Chikamu IA chakakamurwa muzvikamu IA1 uye IA2, zvichibva pane yakadzika poindi yekupinda kwechirwere.

• Muchikamu IA1, chidiki chidiki checancer icho chinogona kungoonekwa nemicroscope inowanikwa mumatumbu emuromo wechibereko. Iyo yakadzika poindi yekumhanyisa kupinda ndeye 3 mamirimita kana zvishoma.

• Muchikamu IA2, chidiki chidiki checancer icho chinogona kungoonekwa nemicroscope chinowanikwa mumatumbu emuromo wechibereko. Iyo yakadzika poindi yechipfuva inopinda inopfuura mamirimita matatu asi isingasvike mamirimita mashanu.

Mamirimita (mm). Penzura yakapinza ingangoita 1 mm, krayoni nyowani ingangoita 2 mm, uye iripi yepenzura nyowani ingangoita 5 mm.

• Chikamu IB: Chikamu cheB IB chakakamurwa muzvikamu IB1, IB2, uye IB3, zvichibva pahukuru hwebundu uye yakadzika poindi yekupinda kwechirwere.

• Muchikamu IB1, bundu iri 2 masendimita kana madiki uye iyo yakadzika poindi yekupinda kwechirwere inopfuura mamirimita mashanu.

• Muchikamu IB2, bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita maviri asi risingakure kupfuura masendimita mana.

• Muchikamu IB3, bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mukati masendimita (cm) kana inches. Zvekudya zvakajairika zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza kukura kwemarara mumasendimita zvinosanganisira: pizi (1 cm), nzungu (2 cm), mazambiringa (3 cm), walnuts (4 cm), lime (5 cm kana 2 masendimita), zai (6 cm), peach (7 cm), uye grapefruit (10 cm kana 4 inches).

Chikamu II

Muchikamu chechipiri, gomarara rapararira kumusoro kwepamusoro pezvitatu zvemukadzi kana kune munyama wakakomberedza chibereko.

Chikamu chechipiri chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIA uye IIB, zvichibva nekuti gomarara rapararira zvakadii.

• Stage IIA: Gomarara rapararira kubva pamuromo wechibereko kusvika kuzvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemukadzi asi harina kupararira kumatishu akatenderedza chibereko. Chikamu IIA chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIA1 uye IIA2, zvichibva pahukuru hwebundu.

• Muchikamu IIA1, bundu iri masendimita mana kana diki.

• Muchikamu IIA2, bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana.

• Chikamu IIB: Gomarara rapararira kubva pamuromo wechibereko kuenda munyama yakatenderedza chibereko.

Chikamu chechitatu

Muchikamu chechitatu, gomarara rapararira kuchikamu chechitatu chemukadzi uye / kana kumadziro epamuviri, uye / kana chakakonzera itsvo, uye / kana rinosanganisira lymph node.

Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIA, IIIB, uye IIIC, zvichibva nekuti gomarara rakapararira zvakadii.

• Stage IIIA: Kenza yakapararira kune yepazasi chetatu yemukadzi asi haina kupararira kumadziro epamuviri.

• Chikamu IIIB: Kenza yakapararira kumadziro epanhengo; uye / kana bundu racho rave rakakura zvekukwanisa kuvhara rimwe kana vese ureters kana kukonzera imwe kana mbiri itsvo kukura kana kumira kushanda.

• Chikamu IIIC: Chikamu IIIC chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIC1 uye IIIC2, zvichibva pakupararira kwegomarara kune lymph node.

• Muchikamu IIIC1, kenza yakapararira kune lymph node mumapapiro.

• Muchikamu IIIC2, gomarara rapararira kune lymph node mudumbu padyo neaorta.

Chikamu IV

Muchikamu IV, gomarara rapararira kupfuura chiuno, kana kupararira kumucheto wedundira kana rectum, kana kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Stage IV yakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA uye IVB, zvichibva pakapararira gomarara.

• Chikamu IVA: Kenza yakapararira kune nhengo dziri pedyo, senge dundira kana rectum.

• Chikamu IVB: Kenza yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvakadai sechiropa, mapapu, mapfupa, kana kuti lymph node dziri kure.

Kakawanda Kervical Cancer

Chirwere chegomarara remuchibereko igomarara rakadzokazve (radzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka mumuromo wechibereko kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane gomarara remuromo wechibereko.

• Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Targeted kurapwa

• Immunotherapy

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Kurapa kenza yemuchibereko kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane gomarara remuromo wechibereko.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kuvarwere vane gomarara remuchibereko. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya (kubvisa kenza mukuvhiya) dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswa kurapa gomarara remuchibereko. Maitiro anotevera ekuvhiya anogona kushandiswa:

• Kubata: Maitiro ekubvisa chidimbu chakaumbwa-coni kubva pamuromo wechibereko uye canal yemuromo. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona tishu pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza. Conization inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kana kurapa remuromo wechibereko. Iyi nzira inonziwo koni biopsy.

Kugadziriswa kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa imwe yeanotevera maitiro:

• Cold-banga conization: Maitiro ekuvhiya anoshandisa scalpel (banga rakapinza) kubvisa zvisikwa zvisina kujairika kana gomarara.

• Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): Maitiro ekuvhiya anoshandisa magetsi emagetsi akapfuura nepakati petambo tambo tambo sebanga kubvisa zvinyama zvisina kujairika kana gomarara.

• Kuvhiyiwa kweLaser: Maitiro ekuvhiya anoshandisa laser beam (danda rakamanikana rechiedza chakasimba) sebanga rekucheka zvisina ropa muzvinyama kana kubvisa maronda epamhepo akaita semota.

Rudzi rwemaitiro ekugadzirisa anoshandiswa zvinoenderana nekuti masero ekenza ari mumuromo wechibereko uye rudzi rwegomarara remuromo wechibereko.

• Yese hysterectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa chibereko, kusanganisira wechibereko. Kana chibereko nemuromo wechibereko zvakaburitswa kuburikidza nemukadzi, kuvhiya kunodaidzwa kunzi vaginal hysterectomy. Kana chibereko nemuromo wechibereko zvakaburitswa kuburikidza nekucheka kukuru (kucheka) mudumbu, kuvhiyiwa kunodaidzwa kunzi kusununguka kwemudumbu. Kana chibereko nemuromo wechibereko zvakaburitswa kuburikidza nekacheka mudumbu uchishandisa laparoscope, kuvhiya kunodaidzwa kunzi laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Hysterectomy. Chibereko chinobviswa nekuvhiya pamwe kana pasina dzimwe nhengo kana nyama. Mune yakazara hysterectomy, chibereko uye chibereko zvinobviswa. Mune yakazara hysterectomy ine salpingo-oophorectomy, (a) chibereko pamwe neumwe (unilateral) ovary uye fallopian tube zvinobviswa; kana (b) chibereko pamwe nezvose (zviviri) mazai uye mazamu (fallopian tubes) anobviswa. Mune radical hysterectomy, chibereko, cervix, ese mavari, ese fallopian machubhu, uye padyo tishu zvinobviswa. Maitiro aya anoitwa uchishandisa yakaderera transverse incision kana yakatwasuka incision.

• Radical hysterectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa chibereko, cervix, chikamu chemukadzi, uye nzvimbo yakakura yemarunda uye matukisi akakomberedza nhengo idzi. Mazai ovari, fallopian machubhu, kana ma lymph node ari padyo anogona zvakare kubviswa.

• Yakagadziriswa radical hysterectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa chibereko, chibereko chechibereko, chikamu chepamusoro chemukadzi, uye mitsipa nematukisi anotenderedza nhengo idzi. Nhengo dzepedyo dzinogona kubviswa. Mune urwu rudzi rwekuvhiya, kwete akawanda matissue uye / kana nhengo dzinobviswa senge mune yakakura hysterectomy.

• Radical trachelectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa cervix, nyama dziri pedyo uye lymph node, uye chikamu chepamusoro chemukadzi. Chibereko nemazai hazvibviswe.

• Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa ese maovari uye ese ari maviri fallopian machubhu.

• Pelvic exenteration: Kuvhiya kubvisa yakaderera colon, rectum, uye bladder. Cervix, vagina, ovaries, uye ma lymph node ari padyo anobviswawo. Chakavanzika kuvhura (stoma) chinoitirwa weti uye chigaro kuyerera kubva mumuviri kuenda kuunganidzwa bhegi. Kuvhiya kwepurasitiki kunogona kudikanwa kugadzira nyini yekugadzira mushure mekuvhiya uku.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza. Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Rudzi rweyi radiation kurapwa inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT rudzi rwe 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation radiation inoshandisa komputa kugadzira mifananidzo yehukuru uye chimiro chebundu. Matanda matete emwaranzi yemasimba akasiyana (simba) anovavarira bundu kubva pamakona mazhinji.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Kunze uye kwemukati kurapwa kwemwaranzi kunoshandiswa kurapa gomarara remuromo wechibereko, uye kunogona zvakare kushandiswa senge palliative kurapwa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy). Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kuCervical Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy mhando yekurapa inoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvione uye kurwisa chaiwo maseru ekenza pasina kukuvadza zvakajairika maseru.

Monoclonal antibody therapy imhando yekurapa kwakanangwa iyo inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira akagadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando ye immune system sero. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane cancer cancer kana zvakajairika zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira gomarara maseru kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza.

Bevacizumab ndeye monoclonal antibody inosunga kune protein inonzi vascular endothelial kukura factor (VEGF) uye inogona kudzivirira kukura kwemidziyo yeropa mitsva iyo mamota anoda kukura. Bevacizumab inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara remuromo wechibereko iro rakasimbisa (richipararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri) uye gomarara repamuromo wechibereko.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kuCervical Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana biologic therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy rudzi rwe immunotherapy.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: PD-1 ipuroteni iri pamusoro peT maseru ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Kana PD-1 yakanamatira kune imwe protein inonzi PDL-1 pane kenza kenza, inomisa iyo T cell kuuraya kenza kenza. PD-1 inhibitors inonamira kuPDL-1 uye inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya maseru ekenza. Pembrolizumab rudzi rwe immune checkpoint inhibitor inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara repamuromo wechibereko.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint mapuroteni, akadai sePD-L1 pane maseru emota uye PD-1 pane T maseru, anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Iko kusungwa kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 kunoita kuti masero eT arege kuuraya tumarara maseru mumuviri (kuruboshwe pani). Kuvhara kusunga kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 ine immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 kana anti-PD-1) inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya matumbo maseru (kurudyi pani).

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kuCervical Cancer kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Kurapa kenza yemuchibereko kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Chiremba wako anokumbira kana iwe uine chero anotevera zviratidzo kana zviratidzo, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti kenza yadzoka:

• Marwadzo mudumbu, musana, kana gumbo.

• Kuzvimba mugumbo.

• Kunetseka kuita weti.

• Kukosora.

• Kunzwa kuneta.

Kune gomarara repamuromo wechibereko, bvunzo dzekutevera dzinowanzoitwa pamwedzi mitatu kusvika mina pamakore maviri ekutanga, zvichiteverwa nekutariswa kwemwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Iko kutarisa kunosanganisira nhoroondo yezvazvino yehutano uye kuongorora kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remuchibereko rinodzokororwa uye nemhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yekurapwa.

Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho

Muchikamu chino

• Carcinoma muSitu

• Chikamu IA Cervical Cancer

• Matanho IB uye IIA Cervical Cancer

• Matanho IIB, III, uye IVA Cervical Cancer

• Chikamu IVB Cervical Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Carcinoma muSitu

Kurapa kwecarcinoma in situ kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Conization, senge inotonhora-banga yekubatanidza, loop electrosurgical excision nzira (LEEP), kana kuvhiyiwa laser.

• Hysterectomy yevakadzi vasingakwanise kana vasingachadi kuita vana. Izvi zvinoitwa chete kana bundu risingakwanise kubviswa zvachose nekonisheni.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kwevakadzi vasingakwanise kuvhiyiwa.

Chikamu IA Cervical Cancer

Chikamu IA kenza yemuromo wechibereko inopatsanurwa muchikamu IA1 uye IA2.

Kurapa kwedanho IA1 kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kubata.

• Yakazara hysterectomy ine kana isina bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Kurapa kwedanho IA2 kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Yakagadziriswa radical hysterectomy uye kubviswa kwema lymph node.

• Radical trachelectomy.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kwevakadzi vasingakwanise kuvhiyiwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Matanho IB uye IIA Cervical Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IB uye danho IIA kenza yemuromo wechibereko inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation therapy ne chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwe chete.

• Radical hysterectomy uye kubviswa kwema pelvic lymph node ane kana asina radiation radiation kurapa, uye chemotherapy.

• Radical trachelectomy.

• Chemotherapy inoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Radiation kurapa chete.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Matanho IIB, III, uye IVA Cervical Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IIB, danho III, uye nhanho IVA kenza yemuromo wechibereko inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation therapy ne chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwe chete.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa pelvic lymph node inoteverwa ne radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina chemotherapy.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy kudzikisa bundu rinoteverwa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy uye radiation kurapwa kwakapihwa panguva imwe chete, kuchiteverwa nekemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu IVB Cervical Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IVB kenza yemuromo wechibereko inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa senge palliative kurapa kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekenza uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Chemotherapy uye yakanangwa kurapwa.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekenza uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Kliniki miedzo yemishonga mitsva inorwisa kenza kana kusanganiswa kwemishonga.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeKunowanzoitika Cervical Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwegomarara remuromo wechibereko kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Immunotherapy.

• Radiation kurapa uye chemotherapy.

• Chemotherapy uye yakanangwa kurapwa.

• Chemotherapy senzira yekurapa yekurapa kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekenza uye nekuvandudza hupenyu.

• Pelvic exenteration.

• Kliniki miedzo yemishonga mitsva inorwisa kenza kana kusanganiswa kwemishonga.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Cervical Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

Muchikamu chino

• Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Cervical Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

• Kurapa Sarudzo dzeCancer Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

• Carcinoma muSitu Panguva yekuzvitakura

• Stage I Cervical Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

• Stage II, III, uye IV Cervical Cancer Panguva yekuzvitakura

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Cervical Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

Kurapwa kwegomarara remuchibereko panguva yekuzvitakura kunoenderana padanho rekenza uye kuti murwere ave nepamuviri kwenguva yakareba sei. Bhiopsy uye imaging bvunzo dzingaitwe kuona danho rechirwere. Kuti udzivise kuisa fetus kune radiation, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) inoshandiswa.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeCancer Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Carcinoma muSitu Panguva yekuzvitakura

Kazhinji, hapana kurapwa kunodiwa kune carcinoma in situ panguva yekuzvitakura. Colposcopy inogona kuitwa kutarisa kenza inopinda.

Stage I Cervical Cancer Panguva Yepamuviri

Vakadzi vane nhumbu vane chinzvimbo chinononoka kukura ini gomarara remuromo wechibereko vanokwanisa kunonoka kurapwa kusvika trimester yechipiri yepamuviri kana mushure mekusununguka.

Vakadzi vane pamuviri vane nhanho inokura nekukurumidza ini kenza yemuromo wechibereko ingangoda kurapwa nekukurumidza. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kubata.

• Radical trachelectomy.

Vakadzi vanofanirwa kuongororwa kuti vaone kana gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node. Kana kenza yapararira kune ma lymph node, kurapwa nekukurumidza kunogona kudikanwa.

Stage II, III, uye IV Cervical Cancer Panguva yekuzvitakura

Kurapa kwedanho II, danho III, uye nhanho IV kenza yemuromo wechibereko panguva yekuzvitakura inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy yekudzora bundu mune yechipiri kana yechitatu trimester yepamuviri. Kuvhiya kana radiation radiation inogona kuitwa mushure mekusununguka.

• Radiation therapy pamwe nekemotherapy. Taura nachiremba wako nezve mhedzisiro ye radiation pamucheche. Zvinogona kunge zvichidikanwa kupedza nhumbu usati watanga kurapwa.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Cervical Cancer

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve gomarara remuromo wechibereko, ona zvinotevera:

• Cervical Cancer Kumba Peji

• Cervical Cancer Kudzivirira

• Cervical Cancer Kuongorora

• Zvisina kujairika Cancers zveVana Kurapa

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa kuCervical Cancer

• Lasers muCancer Kurapa

• Kunzwisisa Cervical Shanduko: Hutano Hutungamiri hweVakadzi

• Yevanhu Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines

• HPV uye Kuedzwa kwePap

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira