Types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

Chirume CheMazamu Kenza Kurapa Shanduro

Ruzhinji ruzivo nezveMurume Chipfuva Gomarara

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kenza yemazamu yemurume chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu ezamu.

• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yemurume yekenza yemazamu.

• Kenza yemazamu yemurume dzimwe nguva inokonzerwa nekuzvarwa nhaka kwemajini (shanduko).

• Varume vane gomarara repazamu kazhinji vane mapundu anogona kunzwika.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora mazamu kunoshandiswa kuona (kutsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara repazamu muvarume.

• Kana gomarara rikawanikwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuongorora masero ekenza.

• Kupona kwevarume vane gomarara repazamu kwakafanana nekupona kwevakadzi vane gomarara repazamu.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kenza yemazamu yemurume chirwere icho chinotyisa (gomarara) maseru anoumba mumatumbu ezamu.

Gomarara repazamu rinogona kuitika muvarume. Gomarara repazamu rinogona kuitika kuvarume pazera ripi zvaro, asi rinowanzoitika kuvarume vari pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe ekuberekwa. Kenza yemazamu yemurume inoita isingasviki 1% yezviitiko zvese zvegomarara repazamu.

Iyi inotevera mhando yekenza yemazamu inowanikwa muvarume:

• Inopinza mukati ductal carcinoma: Kenza yakapararira kupfuura maseru akadzika ducts muzamu. Iyi ndiyo mhando yakajairika yekenza yemazamu muvarume.

• Ductal carcinoma in situ: Masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune yekumonera kwedhodhi; inonziwo intraductal carcinoma.

• Kenza yemazamu yekuzvimba: Rudzi rwegomarara umo chipfuva chinoratidzika sechitsvuku nekuzvimba uye chinonzwa kudziya.

• Chirwere chePaget chezamu: Bundu rakakura kubva pamatope pazasi pezinyuchi richienda pamusoro peziso.

Lobular carcinoma in situ (masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune imwe yemaruva kana zvikamu zvechifuva), izvo zvinomboitika mumadzimai, hazvina kuonekwa muvarume.

Anatomy yemurume zamu. Zamu uye areola zvinoratidzwa kunze kwezamu. MaLymph node, mafuta ane nyama, ducts, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemukati mechipfuva zvinoratidzwa zvakare.

Nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yemurume yekenza yemazamu.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera njodzi yako yekuwana chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi. Njodzi zvinhu zvekenza yemazamu muvarume zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kurapa ne radiation radiation kuzamu rako / chipfuva.

• Kuva nechirwere chakabatana nemazinga akakwirira eestrogen mumuviri, senge cirrhosis (chirwere chechiropa) kana Klinefelter syndrome (chirwere chemagene).

• Kuva nehama imwechete kana dzinopfuura dzechikadzi dzakambove nekenza yemazamu.

• Kuve nekuchinja (shanduko) mumajini akadai seBRCA2.

Kenza yemazamu yemurume dzimwe nguva inokonzerwa nekuzvarwa nhaka kwemajini (shanduko).

Magen'a ari mumasero anotakura ruzivo rwenhaka runogamuchirwa kubva kuvabereki vemunhu. Kenza yemazamu yenhaka inoita zvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana kusvika kugumi muzana yekenza yemazamu. Mamwe mageneti akachinjika ane chekuita nekenza yemazamu, senge BRCA2, anowanzoitika mune mamwe marudzi. Varume vane geni rakachinjika rine chekuita nekenza yemazamu vane njodzi yakawedzera yechirwere ichi.

Pane bvunzo dzinogona kuona (tsvaga) dzakachinjika magene. Aya magene ekuyedza anowanzoitirwa nhengo dzemhuri dzine njodzi huru yegomarara. Ona zvinotevera pfupiso dze kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo:

• Genetics yeMazamu uye Gynecologic Cancers

• Kenza Yemazamu Kudzivirira

• Kenza Yezamu Kuongorora

Varume vane gomarara repazamu kazhinji vane mapundu anogona kunzwika.

Mapundu uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekenza yemukaka yemazamu kana nemamwe mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Bundu kana kuunyana mukati kana padyo nezamu kana munzvimbo yepasi.

• Shanduko muhukuru kana chimiro chezamu.

• Dimple kana kubanda muganda rezamu.

• Zamu rakatendeukira mukati muchipfuva.

• Fluid kubva pazamu, kunyanya kana iri reropa.

• Scaly, tsvuku, kana kuzvimba ganda pazamu, minyatso, kana areola (nzvimbo ine rima yeganda rakakomberedza munyatso).

• Dimples muzamu rinotaridzika seganda reorenji, inonzi peau d'orange.

Kuyedza kunoongorora mazamu kunoshandiswa kuona (kutsvaga) uye kuongorora gomarara repazamu muvarume.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Clinical zamu bvunzo (CBE): Kuongororwa kwezamu nachiremba kana imwe nyanzvi yehutano. Chiremba anonyatsonzwa mazamu uye pasi pemaoko emapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika senge chisina kujairika.

Mammogram: X-ray yezamu.

• Ultrasound bvunzo: Maitiro umo ma-high-energy ruzha mafungu (ultrasound) anodonhedzwa kubva mukati memukati nyama kana nhengo uye anoita maungira. Maungira anoumba mufananidzo wemuviri munyama unonzi sonogram. Mufananidzo wacho unogona kudhindwa kuti utariswe gare gare.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira yakateedzana mifananidzo yakajeka yemazamu ese. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Ropa kemesitiri zvidzidzo: Maitiro umo muyedzo weropa unoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaburitswa muropa nenhengo uye nyama munyama. Chinhu chisina kujairika (chakakwirira kana chakaderera pane zvakajairwa) chiyero chechinhu chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechirwere.

• Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Kune mhando ina dze biopsies kutarisa kenza yemazamu:

• Excisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwebundu rese rezvinyama.

• Incisional biopsy: Kubviswa kwechikamu chebundu kana sampuro yetishu.

• Core biopsy: Kubviswa kwetishu uchishandisa tsono yakafara.

• Fine-sindano aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Kubviswa kwetissue kana fluid kushandisa tsono yakatetepa.

Kana gomarara rikawanikwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuongorora masero ekenza.

Sarudzo pamusoro pekurapa kwakanakisa dzinoenderana nezvakabuda mukuyedzwa uku. Iyo bvunzo inopa ruzivo nezve:

• Iyo kenza inogona kukura nekukurumidza sei.

• Zvingangodaro sei kuti kenza inopararira nemuviri.

• Mamwe marapirwo anogona kushanda zvakadii.

• Ingangoita sei kenza kuti idzokere (kudzoka).

Miedzo inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Estrogen uye progesterone receptor bvunzo: Chiyero chekuyera huwandu hweestrogen uye progesterone (mahormone) ma receptors mune kenza tishu. Kana paine akawanda esrogen uye progesterone receptors kupfuura zvakajairwa, kenza inonzi estrogen uye / kana progesterone receptor yakanaka. Rudzi urwu rwekenza yemazamu inogona kukura nekukurumidza. Mhedzisiro yekubvunzwa inoratidza kuti kurapwa kwekuvhara estrogen uye progesterone kunogona kumisa kenza kubva mukukura.

• HER2 bvunzo: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kuyera kuti mangani maHER2 / neu majini aripo uye kuti yakawanda sei HER2 / neu protein inogadzirwa mumuenzaniso wetissue. Kana paine mamwe maHER2 / neu majini kana mazinga epamusoro eHER2 / neu protein kupfuura zvakajairwa, kenza inonzi HER2 / neu yakanaka. Rudzi urwu rwegomarara repazamu runogona kukura nekukurumidza uye runogona kutekeshera kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Iyo kenza inogona kurapwa nemishonga inotarisa iyo HER2 / neu protein, senge trastuzumab uye pertuzumab.

Kupona kwevarume vane gomarara repazamu kwakafanana nekupona kwevakadzi vane gomarara repazamu.

Kupona nevarume vane gomarara repazamu kwakafanana neiya yevakadzi vane kenza yemazamu kana danho ravo pakuongororwa rakafanana. Gomarara repazamu muvarume, zvisinei, rinowanzoonekwa munguva inotevera. Gomarara rinowanikwa padanho rinotevera rinogona kunge risingakwanise kurapwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa dzinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu checancer (saizi yemota uye kana iri muzamu chete kana yakapararira kune lymph node kana dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri).

• Rudzi rwekenza yemazamu.

• Estrogen-receptor uye progesterone-receptor mazinga mumatomu tishu.

• Kunyangwe kenza yacho inowanikwawo mune rimwe zamu.

• Zera remurume uye hutano hwese.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

Matanho eCancer Breast Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekunge kenza yemazamu yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati mechipfuva kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Mukenza yemazamu, nhanho inoenderana nesaizi nenzvimbo yethumba rekutanga, kupararira kwegomarara kune lymph node dziri padyo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, gomarara gamu, uye kana paine vamwe biomarkers varipo.

• Iyo TNM sisitimu inoshandiswa kurondedzera saizi yeturu yekutanga uye nekupararira kwegomarara kune lymph node dziri padyo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Bundu (T). Kukura uye nzvimbo yebundu.

• Lymph Nzvimbo (N). Kukura uye nzvimbo yemakirini maapo kenza yapararira.

• Metastasis (M). Kupararira kwekenza kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

• Iyo grading system inoshandiswa kurondedzera kuti inokurumidza sei bundu remuzamu rinogona kukura nekupararira.

• Biomarker kuyedza kunoshandiswa kutsvaga kana maseru ekenza yemazamu aine mamwe ma receptors.

• Iyo TNM system, iyo grading system, uye biomarker chinzvimbo chakabatanidzwa kutsvaga iro gomarara repazamu.

• Taura nachiremba wako kuti uone chinhanho chako chekenza yemazamu uye kuti inoshandiswa sei kuronga kurapwa kwakanyanya kwauri.

• Kurapa kenza yemazamu yemurume kunoenderana chikamu padanho rechirwere.

Mushure mekunge kenza yemazamu yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati mechipfuva kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Mushure mekunge kenza yemazamu yaonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana masero ekenza apararira mukati mechipfuva kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Maitiro aya anonzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Gomarara repazamu mune varume rakarongedzwa zvakafanana nezviri mumadzimai. Kupararira kwegomarara kubva pazamu kuenda kuma lymph node uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinoita kunge zvakafanana kuvarume nevakadzi.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Kubviswa kweiyo sentinel lymph node panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Iyo sentinel lymph node ndiyo yekutanga lymph node muboka rema lymph node ekugamuchira lymphatic drainage kubva kune yekutanga bundu. Iyo yekutanga lymph node kenza ingangopararira ichienda kubva kune yekutanga bundu. Chinhu chine radioactive uye / kana dhayi yebhuruu inorohwa padyo nebundu. Icho chinhu kana dhayi inoyerera kuburikidza nemakiromita ducts kuenda kune ma lymph node. Iyo yekutanga lymph node yekugamuchira chinhu kana dhayi inobviswa. Nyanzvi yezvirwere anoona tishu pasi pe microscope kutsvaga maseru ekenza. Kana masero emukenza asingawanikwe, zvinogona kunge zvisiri kudikanwa kubvisa mamwe ma "lymph node". Dzimwe nguva, sentinel lymph node inowanikwa mune anopfuura rimwe boka renzvimbo.

• Chest x-ray: X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

• Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara repazamu richipararira kusvika pfupa, masero ekenza ari mupfupa ndiwo chaiwo maseru ekenza yemazamu. Chirwere igomarara repazamu, kwete gomarara repfupa.

Mukenza yemazamu, nhanho inoenderana nesaizi nenzvimbo yethumba rekutanga, kupararira kwegomarara kune lymph node dziri padyo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, gomarara gamu, uye kana paine vamwe biomarkers varipo.

Kuti uronge kurapa kwakanyanya uye unzwisise kufungidzira kwako, zvakakosha kuti uzive danho rekenza yemazamu.

Kune matatu marudzi emakenza emukaka ezamu mapoka.

• Clinical Prognostic Stage inoshandiswa kutanga kugovera nhanho yevarwere vese zvichibva pahutano hwehupenyu, bvunzo dzemumuviri, bvunzo dzekufungidzira (kana zvaitwa), uye biopsies. Iyo Clinical Prognostic Stage inotsanangurwa neiyo TNM system, bundu rebundu, uye biomarker chinzvimbo (ER, PR, HER2). Mukiriniki staging, mammography kana ultrasound inoshandiswa kutarisa ma lymph node kune zviratidzo zvecancer.

• Pathological Prognostic Stage inozoshandiswa kune varwere vanovhiyiwa senzira yavo yekutanga kurapwa. Iyo Pathological Prognostic Stage yakavakirwa pane zvese zvekiriniki ruzivo, biomarker chinzvimbo, uye murabhoritari bvunzo mhedzisiro kubva pazamu tishu uye lymph node dzakabviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa.

• Anatomic Stage inoenderana nesaizi uye kupararira kwegomarara sekutsanangurwa kwazvakaitwa neTNM system. Iyo Anatomic Stage inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi uko biomarker kuyedza isingawanikwe. Haisi kushandiswa muUnited States.

Iyo TNM sisitimu inoshandiswa kurondedzera saizi yeturu yekutanga uye nekupararira kwegomarara kune lymph node dziri padyo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Nezve kenza yemazamu, iyo TNM system inotsanangura bundu seinotevera:

Bundu (T). Kukura uye nzvimbo yebundu.

Saizi yemamota inowanzo kuyerwa mumamilimita (mm) kana masendimita. Zvakajairika zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kuratidza bundu kukura mum mm zvinosanganisira: inopinza penzura poindi (1 mm), krayoni nyowani poindi (2 mm), penzura-pamusoro paser (5 mm), pizi (10 mm), a nzungu (20 mm), uye lime (50 mm).

• TX: Bundu rekutanga harigone kuongororwa.

• T0: Hapana chiratidzo chebundu rekutanga muzamu.

• Tis: Carcinoma mu situ. Kune maviri marudzi eamuzamu carcinoma mu situ:

• Tis (DCIS): DCIS mamiriro mune masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune yekumonera pombi yemazamu. Iwo maseru asina kujairika haana kupararira kunze kwedhiri kune mamwe materu ari muzamu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, DCIS inogona kuve inopinda kenza yemazamu iyo inokwanisa kupararira kune mamwe matishu. Panguva ino, hapana nzira yekuziva kuti ndeapi maronda anogona kuve anopinda.

• Tis (Chirwere chePaget): Chirwere chePaget chekono mamiriro ayo masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mumasero eganda rezamu uye anogona kupararira kune areola. Haina kuratidzwa zvinoenderana neTNM system. Kana chirwere chePaget KANA gomarara remazamu risingaoneki riripo, iyo TNM sisitimu inoshandiswa kuratidza iyo inopinda kenza yemazamu.

• T1: Bundu iri mamirimita makumi maviri kana diki. Iko kune mana subtypes eiyo T1 bundu zvinoenderana nehukuru hwebundu.

• T1mi: bundu iri 1 millimeter kana diki.

• T1a: bundu rakakura kupfuura millimeter rimwe asi risina kukura kupfuura mamirimita mashanu.

• T1b: bundu rakakura kupfuura mamirimita mashanu asi risingakure kupfuura mamirimita gumi.

• T1c: bundu rakakura kupfuura mamirimita gumi asi risiri rakakura kupfuura mamirimita makumi maviri.

• T2: Bundu rakakura kupfuura mamirimita makumi maviri asi risingasvike mamirimita makumi mashanu.

• T3: Bundu rakakura kupfuura mamirimita makumi mashanu.

• T4: Bundu rinotsanangurwa seimwe yeanotevera:

• T4a: bundu rakura kuita rusvingo rwechipfuva.

• T4b: bundu rakura kuita ganda-chironda chakaumbwa pamusoro peganda pachipfuva, tumabundu tudiki tumarara twakaumbwa muzamu rimwe chetero sebundu rekutanga, uye / kana kune kuzvimba kweganda pazamu .

• T4c: bundu rakura kuita chipfuva madziro uye ganda.

• T4d: kenza yemazamu inopinza - chetatu kana kupfuura cheganda pazamu rakatsvuka uye kuzvimba (kunodaidzwa kuti peau d'orange).

Lymph Nzvimbo (N). Kukura uye nzvimbo yemakirini maapo kenza yapararira.

Kana ma "lymph node" abviswa nekuvhiyiwa uye achidzidzwa pasi pe microscope nana pathologist, pathologic staging inoshandiswa kurondedzera lymph node. Iyo pathologic staging ye lymph node inotsanangurwa pazasi.

• NX: Iyo lymph node haigone kuongororwa.

• N0: Hapana chiratidzo checancer mune ma lymph node, kana masumbu madiki emakenza maseru asina kukura kupfuura mamirimita e2,2 mune ma lymph node.

• N1: Kenza inotsanangurwa seimwe yeanotevera:

• N1mi: kenza yapararira kune axillary (armpit nzvimbo) lymph node uye yakakura kudarika 0.2 millimeter asi isina kukura kupfuura 2 millimeter.

• N1a: kenza yakapararira kusvika kune 1 kusvika ku3 axillary lymph nodes uye kenza mune imwe chete yema lymph node yakakura kudarika mamirimita maviri.

• N1b: kenza yakapararira kuma lymph node padhuze nepachipfuva padivi rimwe chemuviri sedumbu rekutanga, uye gomarara rakakura kudarika mamirimita 0.2 uye rinowanikwa nesentinel lymph node biopsy. Kenza haina kuwanikwa mune axillary lymph node.

• N1c: kenza yakapararira kusvika kune 1 kusvika ku3 axillary lymph nodes uye kenza mune imwe chete yema lymph node yakakura kudarika mamirimita maviri.

Gomarara rinowanikwawo nesentinel lymph node biopsy mune maLymph node padyo nepachipfuva chechipfuva kudivi rimwe chete remuviri sedumbu rekutanga.

• N2: Cancer inotsanangurwa seimwe yeanotevera:

• N2a: kenza yapararira kusvika pamakumi mana kusvika mapfumbamwe axillary lymph node uye gomarara mune imwe chete yema lymph node yakakura kudarika mamirimita maviri.

• N2b: kenza yakapararira kuma lymph node padhuze nepachipfuva uye gomarara rinowanikwa nemuyedzo wekufungidzira. Kenza haiwanikwe mune axillary lymph node ne sentinel lymph node biopsy kana lymph node dissection.

• N3: Kenza inotsanangurwa seimwe yeanotevera:

• N3a: gomarara rapararira kusvika gumi kana kupfuura maekisero emakirini uye gomarara mune imwe yeanomamota akakura kupfuura mamirimita maviri, kana gomarara rapararira kune node node pazasi pekora.

• N3b: kenza yakapararira kusvika kune 1 kusvika ku9 axillary lymph node uye kenza mune imwe chete yema lymph node yakakura kudarika mamirimita maviri. Gomarara rakapararira kuma lymph nodes padhuze nepazamu uye gomarara rinowanikwa nemuyedzo wekufungidzira;

kana

gomarara rapararira kusvika pamakumi mana kusvika mapfumbamwe maaxillary lymph node uye gomarara mune imwe chete yema lymph node yakakura kudarika mamirimita maviri. Gomarara rakapararira kuma lymph node padyo nepachipfuva padivi pemuviri sedumbu rekutanga, uye gomarara rakakura kudarika mamirimita 0.2 uye rinowanikwa nesentinel lymph node biopsy.

• N3c: kenza yakapararira kuma lymph node pamusoro pekora kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri sedumbu rekutanga.

Kana ma "lymph node" akaongororwa achishandisa mammography kana ultrasound, inonzi kiriniki yekuratidzira. Iyo kiriniki yekuratidzira kwema lymph node haina kutsanangurwa pano.

Metastasis (M). Kupararira kwekenza kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

• M0: Hapana chiratidzo chekuti gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• M1: Kenza yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, kazhinji mapfupa, mapapu, chiropa, kana huropi. Kana gomarara rapararira kune ma "lymph node" ari kure, iyo kenza iri munzvimbo dzemarefu yakakura kudarika mamirimita 0,2.

Iyo grading system inoshandiswa kurondedzera kuti inokurumidza sei bundu remuzamu rinogona kukura nekupararira.

Iyo grading system inotsanangura bundu rinotarisana nekusagadzikana kwemasero ekenza uye zvinyama zvinotaridzika pasi pe microscope uye nekukurumidza maseru ekenza angangokura nekupararira. Masero emukenza epasi-giredhi anotaridzika kunge maseru akajairwa uye anowanzo kukura nekupararira zvishoma nezvishoma pane maseru emukenza epamusoro-giredhi. Kuti urondedzere kusanzwisisika uko maseru emukenza uye zvinyama zviri, chiremba wezvehutano anoongorora zvinotevera zvitatu zvinhu:

• Yakawanda sei yetumhu turu ine yakajairwa mazamu ducts.

• Hukuru uye chimiro chenyukisi mumasero emota.

• Mangani masero ekupatsanura aripo, inova chiyero chekuti mamota maseru ari kukura nekukamurwa zvakadii.

Kune yega yega ficha, iyo pathologist inopa mamaki e1 kusvika ku3; mamakisi e "1" zvinoreva kuti maseru uye zvinyama zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya semasero uye nyama, uye mamakisi e "3" zvinoreva kuti maseru uye zvinyama zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya. Zvibodzwa zvechimwe nechimwe chinhu zvinowedzerwa pamwechete kuti uwane huwandu hwakazara pakati pe3 ne9.

Matatu mamadhi anokwanisika:

• Yakazara mamaki e3 kusvika ku5: G1 (Yakadzika giredhi kana yakanyatso kusiyaniswa).

• Chiyero che6 kusvika ku7: G2 (Giredhi repakati kana kusiyaniswa zvine mwero).

• Yakazara mamaki e8 kusvika 9: G3 (Giredhi repamusoro kana kusiyaniswa zvisina tsarukano).

Biomarker kuyedza kunoshandiswa kutsvaga kana maseru ekenza yemazamu aine mamwe ma receptors.

Maseru ane hutano, uye mamwe maseru ekenza yemazamu, ane ma receptors (biomarkers) anonamira kune mahormone estrogen uye progesterone. Aya mahormone anodiwa kune maseru ane hutano, uye mamwe maseru ekenza yemazamu, kuti akure uye agovane. Kuti utarise ma biomarkers aya, masampuli etinyama ane kenza yemazamu maseru anobviswa panguva yebiopsy kana kuvhiyiwa. Iwo masampuli anoedzwa murabhoritari kuti aone kana maseru ekenza yemazamu aine estrogen kana progesterone receptors.

Imwe mhando yekugamuchira (biomarker) iyo inowanikwa pamusoro peese maseru ekenza yemazamu inonzi HER2. HER2 receptors inodiwa kuti maseru ekenza yemazamu akure uye agovane.

Nezve kenza yemazamu, kuongorora biomarker kunosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Estrogen receptor (ER). Kana masero emukenza emuzamu aine maestrogen receptors, maseru ekenza anonzi ER akanaka (ER +). Kana masero emukenza emuzamu asina maestrogen receptors, maseru egomarara anonzi ER negative (ER-).

• Progesterone receptor (PR). Kana masero ekenza yemazamu aine progesterone receptors, maseru egomarara anonzi PR positive (PR +). Kana masero ekenza yemazamu asina progesterone receptors, maseru ekenza anonzi PR negative (PR-).

• Epidermal yekukura kwechikonzero mhando 2 receptor (HER2 / neu kana HER2). Kana masero ekenza yemazamu aine akakura kupfuura akajairwa huwandu hweHER2 receptors pamusoro payo, maseru ekenza anonzi HER2 akanaka (HER2 +). Kana masero ekenza yemazamu aine huwandu hwakaenzana hweHER2 pamusoro payo, maseru egomarara anonzi HER2 negative (HER2-). HER2 + kenza yemazamu inowanzo kukura uye kupatsanurana nekukurumidza kupfuura HER2- kenza yemazamu.

Dzimwe nguva masero ekenza yemazamu anozotsanangurwa seatatu asina kunaka kana katatu akanaka.

• Katatu zvisina kunaka. Kana masero ekenza yemazamu asina maestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, kana yakakura kupfuura yakajairwa huwandu hweHER2 receptors, maseru ekenza anonzi katatu asina kunaka.

• Triple yakanaka. Kana masero ekenza yemazamu aine maestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, uye yakakura kupfuura yakajairwa huwandu hweHER2 receptors, maseru ekenza anonzi katatu akanaka.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive iyo estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, uye HER2 receptor chinzvimbo kusarudza yakanyanya kurapwa. Kune mishonga inogona kumisa ma receptors kubva kubatanidza mahormone estrogen uye progesterone uye kumisa kenza kubva mukukura. Mimwe mishonga inogona kushandiswa kuvharira maHER2 receptors pamusoro pemasero ekenza yemazamu uye kumisa kenza kubva mukukura.

Iyo TNM system, iyo grading system, uye biomarker chinzvimbo chakabatanidzwa kutsvaga iro gomarara repazamu.

Heano mienzaniso mitatu inosanganisa iyo TNM system, iyo grading system, uye iyo biomarker chinzvimbo chekutsvaga iyo Pathological Prognostic kenza yemazamu nhanho yemukadzi uyo akatanga kurapwa kwaive kuvhiyiwa:

Kana bundu iri riri mamirimita makumi matatu (T2), risina kupararira kune ma "lymph node" ari pedyo (N0), harina kupararira kunzvimbo dziri kure dzomuviri (M0), uye riri:

• Bhuku 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

Gomarara idanho IIA.

Kana bundu iri riri mamirimita makumi mashanu nemashanu (T3), rapararira kusvika kumakiromita mana kusvika ku9 emagetsi (N2), harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri (M0), uye riri:

• Bhuku 2

• HER2 +

• ER +

• PR-

Bundu iri danho IIIA.

Kana iro bundu saizi iri 65 mamirimita (T3), rapararira kune matatu axillary lymph node (N1a), rapararira kumapapu (M1), uye iri:

• Bhuku 1

• HER2 +

• ER-

• PR-

Gomarara idanho IV.

Taura nachiremba wako kuti uone chinhanho chako chekenza yemazamu uye kuti inoshandiswa sei kuronga kurapwa kwakanyanya kwauri.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, chiremba wako achagamuchira chirevo chehurwere chinotsanangura kukura uye nzvimbo yethumba rekutanga, kupararira kwegomarara kune ma lymph node ari padyo, gomarara gomo, uye kana paine vamwe biomarkers varipo. Chirevo chehurwere uye mimwe mhedzisiro yekuedzwa inoshandiswa kuona yako cancer cancer.

Iwe unogona kunge uine mibvunzo yakawanda. Kumbira chiremba wako kuti atsanangure mashandisirwo anoshandiswa kusarudza sarudzo dzakanakisa dzekurapa kenza yako uye kana paine kiriniki miedzo ingave yakakunakira iwe.

Kurapa kenza yemazamu yemurume kunoenderana chikamu padanho rechirwere.

Nezve nzira dzekurapa padanho I, nhanho II, nhanho IIIA, uye inoshandisika nhanho IIIC kenza yemazamu, ona Pakutanga / Yakagadziriswa / Inoshandisika Kenza yeMazamu yeMurume.

Nezve nzira dzekurapa kenza yakadzokorodza padyo nenzvimbo payakatanga kuumbwa, tarisa Locoregional Inodzokororwa Kume CheMukaka Chemazamu.

Nezve nzira dzekurapa dzegwara IV gomarara repazamu kana kenza yemazamu yakadzokerazve mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, ona Metastatic Breast Cancer muMarume.

Inopisa Kenza Yemazamu Kenza

Mukenza yekuzvimba kenza, gomarara rapararira paganda rezamu uye zamu rinotaridzika kutsvuka uye kuzvimba uye rinonzwa kudziya. Kutsvuka uye kudziya kunoitika nekuti maseru egomarara anovhara iyo lymph midziyo muganda. Ganda rezamu rinogona zvakare kuratidza iyo dimpled chitarisiko chinonzi peau d'orange (seganda reorenji). Panogona kunge paine chero mapundu muzamu anogona kunzwika. Inopisa kenza yemazamu inogona kunge iri nhanho IIIB, nhanho IIIC, kana nhanho IV.

Anowanzoitika Male Breast Cancer

Gomarara repazamu rinowanzoitika igomarara rakadzokazve (radzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka muzamu, mumadziro echipfuva, kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarume vane gomarara repazamu.

• Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika kurapwa varume vane kenza yemazamu:

• Kuvhiya

• Chemotherapy

• Hormone kurapa

• Radiation kurapa

• Targeted kurapwa

• Kurapa kwekenza yemazamu yemurume kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarume vane gomarara repazamu.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kuvarume vane gomarara repazamu. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti. Kusarudza kurapwa kwakakodzera kwekenza chisarudzo icho chinosanganisira timu yevarwere, yemhuri, uye yehutano.

Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika kurapwa varume vane kenza yemazamu:

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya kwevarume vane gomarara repazamu kazhinji kunogadziridzwa radical mastectomy (kubviswa kwezamu, mazhinji ema lymph node ari pasi peruoko, kubatirira pamusoro pemhasuru dzechipfuva, uye dzimwe nguva chikamu chemhasuru yemadziro echifuva).

Yakagadziriswa radical mastectomy. Mutsetse une madonhwe unoratidza panobviswa zamu rose uye mamwe ma "lymph node". Chikamu chechipfuva chemadziro mhasuru inogona zvakare kubviswa.

Kuvhiya kuchengetedza zamu, kuvhiya kubvisa gomarara asi kwete zamu pacharo, kunoshandiswawo kune vamwe varume vane gomarara repazamu. Lumpectomy inoitwa kubvisa bundu (bundu) uye zvishoma zvidimbu zvakajairwa zvakapoteredza. Radiation kurapwa kunopihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara.

Kuvhiya kwepazamu. Mitsetse ine madonhwe inoratidza nzvimbo ine bundu iro rinobviswa uye mamwe ma "lymph node" anogona kubviswa

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, iwo madhiragi anonyanya kukanganisa cancer maseru munzvimbo idzodzo (remunharaunda chemotherapy).

Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Systemic chemotherapy inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemazamu muvarume.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Gomarara Rezamu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Hormone kurapa

Hormone kurapwa kurapa kenza inobvisa mahormone kana ichivhara maitiro avo uye inomisa maseru ekenza kubva mukukura. Mahormone zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemaronda mumuviri uye zvinotenderera muropa. Mamwe mahormone anogona kukonzera mamwe cancer kuti ikure. Kana bvunzo dzichiratidza kuti maseru egomarara ane nzvimbo dzinogona kubatirira mahormone (receptors), zvinodhaka, kuvhiyiwa, kana kurapwa nemwaranzi kunoshandiswa kudzikisa kugadzirwa kwehormone kana kuvharidzira kushanda.

Hormone therapy ine tamoxifen inowanzo kupihwa kune varwere vane estrogen-receptor uye progesterone-receptor yakanaka kenza yemazamu uye kune varwere vane metastatic kenza yemazamu (kenza yakapararira kune mamwe mativi emuviri).

Hormone Therapy ine aromatase inhibitor inopihwa kune vamwe varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu. Aromatase inhibitors inoderedza iyo estrogen yemuviri nekuvharidzira enzyme inonzi aromatase kubva pakushandura uyerogenjini kuita estrogen. Anastrozole, letrozole, uye exemestane ndiwo marudzi earomatase inhibitors.

Hormone therapy ine luteinizing hormone-inosunungura mahormone (LHRH) agonist inopihwa kune vamwe varume vane kenza yemazamu yemastastatic. LHRH agonists anokanganisa pituitary gland, iyo inodzora kuti testosterone yakawanda sei inogadzirwa nemachende. Mune varume vari kutora LHRH agonists, iyo pituitary gland inotaurira machende kuti aite testosterone shoma. Leuprolide uye goserelin mhando dzeLHRH agonists.

Mamwe marudzi ehomoni yekurapa anosanganisira megestrol acetate kana anti-estrogen therapy, senge fulvestrant.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Gomarara Rezamu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. External radiation therapy inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara remurume.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy mhando yekurapa inoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvione uye kurwisa chaiwo maseru ekenza pasina kukuvadza zvakajairika maseru. Monoclonal antibody therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, uye mammalian tarisiro ye rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors ndiwo marudzi eanotarisirwa marapirwo anoshandiswa kurapa varume vane kenza yemazamu.

Monoclonal antibody therapy inoshandisa masoja akagadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando yemasoja emuviri masero. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane cancer cancer kana zvakajairika zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira gomarara maseru kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza. MaMonoclonal antibodies anoshandiswawo nekemotherapy seAdjuvant Therap (kurapwa kunopihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara rinodzoka).

Mhando dze monoclonal antibody therapy dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Trastuzumab ndeye monoclonal antibody inovhara mhedzisiro yekukura kweiyo protein HER2.

• Pertuzumab inorwisa monoclonal antibody inogona kusanganiswa ne trastuzumab uye chemotherapy yekurapa gomarara repazamu.

• Ado-trastuzumab emtansine inorwisa monoclonal antibody yakabatana nemushonga wekenza. Izvi zvinonzi anti-drug conjugate. Inogona kushandiswa kurapa varume vane hormone receptor kenza yemazamu yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inotarisirwa kurapa mishonga inovhara zviratidzo zvinodiwa kuti mamota akure. Lapatinib ndeye tyrosine kinase inhibitor iyo inogona kushandiswa kurapa varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu.

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors inotarisirwa kurapwa mishonga inovhara mapuroteni anonzi cyclin-dependent kinases, anokonzera kukura kwemasero egomarara. Palbociclib ndeye cyclin-inotenderera kinase inhibitor inoshandiswa kurapa varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu.

Mamia mamalia's rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors anovharira protein inonzi mTOR, inogona kuchengetedza maseru emukenza kukura uye kudzivirira kukura kwemidziyo yeropa mitsva inoda kukura.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Gomarara Rezamu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Kurapa kwekenza yemazamu yemurume kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeMurume Breast Cancer

Muchikamu chino

• Pakutanga / Yemunharaunda / Inoshandisika Kenza Yemazamu Yemurume

• Locoregional Inodzokororazve Kenza Yemazamu Kenza

• Metastatic Breast Cancer muMarume

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Gomarara repazamu mune varume rinorapwa zvakafanana nekenza yemazamu muvakadzi. (Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peCancer Breast Cancer (Adult) kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

Pakutanga / Yemunharaunda / Inoshandisika Kenza Yemazamu Yemurume

Kurapa kwekenza yemazamu yekutanga, inowanikwa munzvimbo yako, kana inogona kushandiswa inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

Kuvhiya kwekutanga

Kurapa kwevarume vanoonekwa kuti vane kenza yemazamu kunowanzo gadziridzwa radical mastectomy.

Kuvhiya kwepazamu ne lumpectomy inoteverwa ne radiation kurapwa kunogona kushandiswa kune vamwe varume.

Adjuvant Therapy

Therapy yakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa apo maseru egomarara haachakwanise kuonekwa anonzi adjuvant therapy. Kunyangwe kana chiremba akabvisa kenza yese inogona kuonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, murwere anogona kupihwa radiation radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, uye / kana yakanangwa kurapwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kuyedza kuuraya chero cancer maseru anogona kunge ari ruboshwe.

• Node-negative: Kune varume vane gomarara iri-isina-gomarara (gomarara harina kupararira kuma lymph node), kurapwa kweadjuvant kunofanirwa kutariswa pahwaro hwakafanana newemukadzi ane gomarara repazamu nekuti hapana humbowo hwekuti mhinduro kurapa yakasiyana zvevarume nevakadzi.

• Node-yakanaka: Kune varume vane gomarara iri-node-yakanaka (gomarara rapararira kune ma lymph node), kurapwa kweadjuvant kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy.

• Hormone kurapa ne tamoxifen (kuvharidzira mhedzisiro yeestrogen) kana zvishoma, aromatase inhibitors (kudzikisa huwandu hweestrogen mumuviri).

• Targeted Therapy ine monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab kana pertuzumab).

Aya marapirwo anoita kunge anowedzera kupona muvarume sezvaanoita kuvakadzi. Mhinduro yemurwere pakurapwa kwehomoni zvinoenderana nekuti pane mahormone receptors (mapuroteni) mune bundu. Kazhinji kenza yemazamu muvarume ine ma receptors aya. Hormone therapy inowanzo kurudzirwa kune vanhurume vane chirwere chegomarara repazamu, asi inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakawanda, kusanganisira kupisa kunopisa uye kushaya simba (kusakwanisa kuve nekumira kwakaringana kwepabonde).

Locoregional Inodzokororazve Kenza Yemazamu Kenza

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kune varume vane chirwere chemuno chinowanzoitika (kenza yakadzoka munzvimbo isina kukwana mushure mekurapwa), sarudzo dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

• Kuvhiya.

• Radiation kurapa pamwe nekemotherapy.

Metastatic Breast Cancer muMarume

Kurapa sarudzo yekenza yemazamu (cancer yakapararira kumativi ari kure emuviri) inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

Hormone kurapa

Mune varume avo vachangobva kuongororwa kuti vane metastatic kenza yemazamu iyo iri hormone receptor yakanaka kana kana iyo mamiriro ekugamuchira hormone isingazivikanwe, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Tamoxifen kurapa.

• Aromatase inhibitor therapy (anastrozole, letrozole, kana exemestane) ine kana isina LHRH agonist. Dzimwe nguva cyclin-inoenderana kinase inhibitor therapy (palbociclib) inopihwa zvakare.

Mune varume vane mamota ane hormone receptor yakanaka kana hormone receptor isingazivikanwe, nekupararira kune iyo pfupa kana zvinyoro zvinyoro chete, uye vakamborapwa netamoxifen, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Aromatase inhibitor therapy ine kana isina LHRH agonist.

• Mamwe mahormone ekurapa senge megestrol acetate, estrogen kana androgen kurapa, kana anti-estrogen kurapa senge fulvestrant.

Targeted kurapwa

Mune varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu iyo iri hormone receptor yakanaka uye isina kupindura kune mamwe marapirwo, sarudzo dzinogona kusanganisira yakanangwa kurapwa senge:

• Trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, kana mTOR inhibitors.

• Antibody-drug conjugate therapy neado-trastuzumab emtansine.

• Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor therapy (palbociclib) inosanganiswa ne letrozole.

Mune varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu iyo HER2 / neu yakanaka, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Targeted kurapwa senge trastuzumab, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, kana lapatinib.

Chemotherapy

Mune varume vane metastatic kenza yemazamu iyo iri hormone receptor isina, haina kupindura kune hormone kurapwa, yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo kana yakakonzera zviratidzo, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Chemotherapy neimwe kana zvimwe zvinodhaka.

Kuvhiya

• Yese mastectomy yevarume vane akavhurika kana anorwadza mazamu maronda. Radiation therapy inogona kupihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa cancer yakapararira kuuropi kana musana. Radiation therapy inogona kupihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa gomarara iro rapararira kumapapu.

• Kuvhiya kugadzirisa kana kubatsira kutsigira asina kusimba kana akavhunika mapfupa. Radiation therapy inogona kupihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa fluid yakaunganidzwa yakatenderedza mapapu kana moyo.

Radiation kurapa

• Radiation kurapa kumabhonzo, huropi, musana, musana, kana chifuva madziro kugadzirisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Strontium-89 (a radionuclide) kubvisa marwadzo kubva pagomarara rakapararira kusvika pamapfupa mumuviri wese.

Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa

Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa dzekenza yemazamu inosanganisira:

• Kurapa kwezvinodhaka ne bisphosphonates kana denosumab yekudzora chirwere chepfupa uye kurwadziwa kana kenza yapararira kufupa. (Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peCancer Pain kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve bisphosphonates.)

• Zvemakiriniki miedzo kuyedza mitsva anticancer zvinodhaka, musanganiswa mutsva wemishonga, uye nzira nyowani dzekupa kurapwa

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Pamusoro peMurume Chipfuva Chegomarara

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve kenza yemazamu yemurume, ona zvinotevera:

• Gomarara repazamu Home Peji

• Mishonga Inotenderwa yeCancer yeCancer

• Hormone Therapy yeCancer yeCancer

• Targeted Cancer Therapies

• Kuongorora kweGenetic kweiyo Yakagara nhaka Kenza Kufungira Syndromes

• BRCA Kuchinja: Kenza Njodzi uye Kuongorora kweGenetic

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira