Mhando / huropi / murwere / mukuru-brain-kurapwa-pdq

Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment (®) -Patient Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Mukuru Adhivha Nervous System Tumors

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Munhu mukuru wepakati tsinga system bundu chirwere umo masero asina kujairika anoumba mumatumbu ehuropi uye / kana musana wesipinha.

• Bundu rinotanga mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri uye richipararira kuuropi inonzi metastatic brain tumor.

• Uropi hunodzora akawanda akakosha mashandiro emuviri.

• Tambo yemuzongoza inobatanidza uropi netsinga mumativi mazhinji emuviri.

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzehuropi uye musana tambo tumota.

• Nyeredzi Astrocytic

• Oligodendroglial Tumors

• Akasanganiswa Gliomas

• Ependymal Tumors

• Medulloblastomas

• Pineal Parenchymal Mapundu

• Meningeal Mamota

• Germ Cell Tumarara

• Craniopharyngioma (Giredhi I)

• Kuva nemamwe mageneti syndromes kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yepakati yenzara system bundu.

• Iko kunokonzeresa kwakawanda kwehuropi hwevakuru uye musana tambo mamota hazvizivikanwe

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvehukuru hwehuropi uye musana tambo tumota hazvina kufanana mumunhu wese.

• Kuyedza kunoongorora huropi uye musana wechipenga kunoshandiswa kuongorora huropi hwevanhu vakuru uye mapundu emusana.

• Biopsy inoshandiswa zvakare kuongorora bundu rehuropi.

• Dzimwe nguva bhiopsy kana kuvhiya hakugone kuitwa.

• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Munhu mukuru wepakati tsinga system bundu chirwere umo masero asina kujairika anoumba mumatumbu ehuropi uye / kana musana wesipinha.

Kune akawanda marudzi ehuropi uye musana tambo tumota. Mamota aya anoumbwa nekukura kusingawanzo kwemasero uye anogona kutanga munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehuropi kana musana. Pamwe chete, uropi uye musana wemhashu zvinoumba wepakati tsinga system (CNS).

Mamota anogona kunge ari benign (kwete cancer) kana yakaipa (cancer):

• Benign uropi uye musana tambo tumota zvinokura uye kumanikidza kunzvimbo dziri padyo dzehuropi. Ivo havawanzo kupararira mune mamwe maturusi uye vanogona kudzoka (kudzoka).

• Hwakashata huropi uye musana tambo tumota zvinogona kukura nekukurumidza uye kupararira mune mamwe matinji ehuropi.

Kana bundu rikakura rikaita kana kutsikirira pane imwe nzvimbo yeuropi, zvinogona kumisa chikamu icho cheuropi kuti chisashande nenzira yainofanira kuita. Ose ane hutachiona uye akaipisisa matumbo ehuropi anokonzera zviratidzo uye zviratidzo uye anoda kurapwa.

Ubongo uye musana tambo mamota zvinogona kuitika kune vese vakuru nevana. Nekudaro, kurapwa kwevana kunogona kuve kwakasiyana pane kurapwa kwevakuru. (Ona pfupiso ye pamusoro peUcheche Brain uye Spinal Cord Tumors Kurapa Ongororo kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kurapwa kwevana.)

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve lymphoma inotangira muuropi, ona pfupiso ye paPuraimari CNS Lymphoma Kurapa.

Bundu rinotanga mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri uye richipararira kuuropi inonzi metastatic brain tumor.

Mamota anotangira muuropi anonzi ma primary brain tumors. Mamota ekutanga epfungwa anogona kupararira kune mamwe mativi ehuropi kana kumuzongoza. Hazviwanzo kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

Kazhinji, mamota anowanikwa muuropi akatanga kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri uye anopararira kune chimwe kana zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi. Izvi zvinonzi metastatic brain tumors (kana brain metastases). Metastatic brain tumors zvakajairika kupfuura ekutanga matumbo ehuropi.

Kusvikira hafu yemastastatic brain tumors anobva mukenza yemapapu. Dzimwe mhando dzekenza dzinowanzopararira kuuropi dzinosanganisira:

• Melanoma.

• Gomarara repazamu.

• Gomarara rekoloni.

• Kenza yeitsvo.

• Nasopharyngeal kenza.

• Kenza yenzvimbo isingazivikanwe yekutanga saiti.

Kenza inogona kupararira kune leptomeninges (iwo maviri epamukati memukati inofukidza uropi uye musana). Izvi zvinonzi leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Makenza anowanzozivikanwa anopararira kuma leptomeninges anosanganisira:

• Gomarara repazamu.

• Kenza yemapapu.

• Leukemia.

• Lymphoma.

Ona zvinotevera kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva ku nezvegomarara izvo zvinowanzopararira kuuropi kana musana.

• Mukuru Hodgkin Lymphoma Kurapa

• Vakuru Vasiri-Hodgkin Lymphoma Kurapa

• Kurapa Kenza Yezamu (Mukuru)

• Carcinoma Yekusazivikanwa Kwekutanga Kurapa

• Colon Cancer Kurapa

• Leukemia Peji Peji

• Kurapa kweMelanoma

• Nasopharyngeal Cancer Kurapa (Vakuru)

• Isiri-Diki Sero Lung Cancer Kurapa

• Renal Cell Cancer Kurapa

• Diki Sero Lung Cancer Kurapa

Uropi hunodzora akawanda akakosha mashandiro emuviri.

Uropi hune zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu:

Icho cerebrum ndicho chikamu chikuru cheuropi. Iri kumusoro kwemusoro. Iyo cerebrum inodzora kufunga, kudzidza, kugadzirisa matambudziko, manzwiro, kutaura, kuverenga, kunyora uye kufamba kwekuzvidira.

• Iyo cerebellum iri muzasi kumashure kweuropi (padyo nepakati nepashure kwemusoro). Iyo inodzora kufamba, kuenzanisa, uye kumira.

• Dzinde rehuropi rinobatanidza huropi netambo yemuzongoza. Icho chiri muchikamu chepasi cheuropi (pamusoro pekunze kwemutsipa chete). Uropi

• dzinde kudzora kufema, kurova kwemoyo, uye tsinga nemhasuru zvinoshandiswa kuona, kunzwa, kufamba, kutaura, uye kudya.

Anatomy yehuropi inoratidza iyo cerebrum, ventricles (ine cerebrospinal fluid inoratidzwa mublue), cerebellum, brain stem (pons uye medulla), uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi.

Tambo yemuzongoza inobatanidza uropi netsinga mumativi mazhinji emuviri.

Tambo yemuzongoza ikoramu yetsinga dzemhashu dzinomhanya kubva muuropi dzinodzika pasi pakati peshure. Iyo yakafukidzwa nematatu matete matete enyama inonzi membranes. Nhengo idzi dzakakomberedzwa nema vertebrae (kumashure mapfupa). Spinal tambo tsinga dzinotakura mameseji pakati pehuropi uye nemuviri wese, senge meseji kubva kuhuropi yekukonzera mhasuru kufamba kana meseji kubva paganda kuenda kuuropi kuti unzwe kubata.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzehuropi uye musana tambo tumota.

Ubongo uye musana tambo mapundu anonzi anoenderana nerudzi rwecell ravakaumba mukati uye uko bundu rakatanga kuumbwa muCNS. Chikamu chebundu chinogona kushandiswa kuudza musiyano uripo pakati pemhando dzinokura zvishoma uye dzinokurumidza kukura dzebundu. World Health Organisation (WHO) mamota mamakisi akavakirwa pamabatiro asina kujairika maseru ekenza anotaridzika pasi pe microscope uye nekukurumidza kuti bundu racho rinogona kukura nekupararira.

WHO Tumor Kubata Sisitimu

• Giredhi I (yakaderera-giredhi) - Iwo mamota maseru anotaridzika zvakanyanya kunge akajairwa maseru pasi pe microscope uye anokura uye achipararira zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura giredhi II, III, uye IV bundu maseru. Hazviwanzo kupararira muzvinyama zviri pedyo. Giredhi I mamota ehuropi anogona kurapwa kana akabviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

• Giredhi II - Iyo tumarara maseru anokura uye anopararira zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura giredhi III uye IV bundu maseru. Dzinogona kupararira kuita tishu dziri pedyo uye dzinogona kudzoka (kudzoka). Mamwe mamota anogona kuzova bundu repamusoro.

• Giredhi III - Iwo mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakajairika maseru pasi peiyo microscope uye anokura nekukurumidza kupfuura giredhi I uye II tumarara maseru. Izvo zvinogona kunge zvakapararira kuita tishu dziri pedyo.

• Giredhi IV (yakakwira-giredhi) - Maseru emota haatarike semasero akajairwa pasi pe microscope uye anokura nekupararira nekukurumidza. Panogona kuve nenzvimbo dzemasero akafa mune bundu. Bundu IV mamota kazhinji haakwanise kurapwa.

Mhando dzinotevera dzemamota ekutanga dzinogona kuumba muuropi kana musana.

Nyeredzi Astrocytic

Bundu reastrocytic rinotanga mumasero akaumbwa senyeredzi akaita seyeastrocyte, ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza maseru etsinga. Iyo astrocyte rudzi rweglial cell. Glial maseru dzimwe nguva anogadzira mamota anonzi gliomas. Astrocytic tumors dzinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Brain stem glioma (kazhinji giredhi repamusoro): Iyo brain stem glioma inoumba muhuropi stem, inova chikamu chehuropi chakabatana nemuzongoza. Inowanzo iri bundu repamusoro, iro rinopararira zvakanyanya kuburikidza nehunde tsinde uye rakaoma kupora. Brain stem gliomas hazviwanzo muvanhu vakuru. (Ona pfupiso ye paUdiki Brain Stem Glioma Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

• Pineal astrocytic bundu (chero giredhi): Iyo pineal astrocytic bundu rinoumba mune zvinyama zvakakomberedza iyo pineal gland uye inogona kunge iri chero giredhi. Iyo pineal gland inhengo diki muuropi inogadzira melatonin, hormone inobatsira kudzora kurara uye kumuka kutenderera.

• Pilocytic astrocytoma (giredhi I): A pilocytic astrocytoma inokura zvishoma muuropi kana musana. Inogona kunge iri muchimiro checyst uye isingawanzo kupararira mumatumbu ari pedyo. Pilocytic astrocytomas inogona kurapwa kazhinji.

• Yakapararira astrocytoma (giredhi II): Iyo inopararira astrocytoma inokura zvishoma, asi kazhinji inopararira mumatumbu ari padyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika kunge akafanana nemaseru akajairwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inopararira astrocytoma inogona kurapwa. Iyo inonziwo yakaderera-giredhi inoparadzira astrocytoma.

• Anaplastic astrocytoma (giredhi III): Anaplastic astrocytoma inokura nekukurumidza uye inopararira mumatumbu ari pedyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana nemasero akajairwa. Rudzi urwu rwebundu kazhinji harugone kurapwa. Anaplastic astrocytoma inonziwo yakaipa astrocytoma kana yepamusoro-grade astrocytoma.

• Glioblastoma (giredhi IV): Glioblastoma inokura uye inopararira nekukurumidza. Mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kumasero akajairwa. Rudzi urwu rwebundu kazhinji harugone kurapwa. Iyo inonziwo glioblastoma multiforme.

Ona pfupiso ye paChidiki Astrocytomas Kurapa kwerimwe ruzivo nezve astrocytomas muvana.

Oligodendroglial Tumors

Bundu reoligodendroglial rinotanga mumasero ehuropi anonzi oligodendrocyte, ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza maseru etsinga. Oligodendrocyte rudzi rweglial cell. Oligodendrocyte dzimwe nguva inogadzira mamota anonzi oligodendrogliomas. Mazana emamota oligodendroglial anosanganisira anotevera:

• Oligodendroglioma (giredhi II): Oligodendroglioma inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kazhinji inopararira mumatumbu ari pedyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika kunge akafanana nemaseru akajairwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, oligodendroglioma inogona kurapwa.

• Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (giredhi III): Anoplastic oligodendroglioma inokura nekukurumidza uye inopararira mumatumbu ari padyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana nemasero akajairwa. Rudzi urwu rwebundu kazhinji harugone kurapwa.

Ona pfupiso ye paChidiki Astrocytomas Kurapa kweruzivo rwakawanda nezve oligodendroglial tumors muvana.

Akasanganiswa Gliomas

Glioma yakavhenganiswa ibundu reuropi rine mhando mbiri dzemarara mukati maro - oligodendrocyte nemaastroscytes. Mhando iyi yemota yakasanganiswa inonzi oligoastrocytoma.

• Oligoastrocytoma (giredhi II): Iyo oligoastrocytoma ibundu rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Mamota maseru anotaridzika kunge akafanana nemaseru akajairwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, oligoastrocytoma inogona kurapwa.

• Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (giredhi III): Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma inokura nekukurumidza uye inopararira mumatumbu ari pedyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana nemasero akajairwa. Rudzi urwu rwebundu rine kufungidzira kwakanyanya kupfuura oligoastrocytoma (giredhi II).

Ona pfupiso ye paChidiki Astrocytomas Kurapa kune rumwe ruzivo nezve yakasanganiswa gliomas muvana.

Ependymal Tumors

Ependymal bundu rinowanzo tanga mumasero anoteedzera nzvimbo dzakazara-mvura muuropi uye kutenderedza tambo yemusana. Ependymal tumor inogonawo kunzi ependymoma. Mazana ependymomas anosanganisira anotevera:

• Ependymoma (giredhi I kana II): Giredhi I kana II ependymoma inokura zvishoma uye ine masero anotaridzika kunge masero akajairwa. Kune marudzi maviri egiredhi I ependymoma - myxopapillary ependymoma uye subependymoma. Chikamu chechipiri ependymoma inokura mune ventricle (nzvimbo inozadzwa nemvura) muuropi) uye nzira dzayo dzinobatanidza kana musipinha. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, giredhi I kana II ependymoma inogona kurapwa.

• Anaplastic ependymoma (giredhi III): Anaplastic ependymoma inokura nekukurumidza uye inopararira mumatumbu ari padyo. Mamota maseru anotaridzika akasiyana nemasero akajairwa. Rudzi urwu rwebundu kazhinji rine kufungidzira kwakanyanya kupfuura giredhi I kana II ependymoma.

Ona pfupiso yePDPQ paChidiki Ependymoma Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve ependymoma muvana.

Medulloblastomas

A medulloblastoma rudzi rwembryonal tumor. Medulloblastomas yakajairika muvana kana vakuru vechidiki.

Ona pfupiso ye paUdiki Huru Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Kurapa kune rumwe ruzivo nezve medulloblastomas muvana.

Pineal Parenchymal Mapundu

Iyo pineal parenchymal bundu inoumba mumasero eparenchymal kana mapainocyte, ayo ari maseru anoumba yakawanda yepineal gland. Aya mamota akasiyana neepineal astrocytic tumors. Mazana epineal parenchymal tumors anosanganisira anotevera:

• Pineocytoma (giredhi II): Pineocytoma chirwere chinononoka kukura chepineal.

• Pineoblastoma (giredhi IV): Pineoblastoma chisimba chisingawanzo chinogona kupararira.

Ona pfupiso ye paUdiki Huru Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Kurapa kweruzivo rwakawanda nezve pineal parenchymal tumors muvana.

Meningeal Mamota

Bundu remunhurume, iro rinonziwo meningioma, rinoumbwa mumamenji (zvidimbu zvidiki zvemucheka zvinovhara uropi nemuzongoza). Inogona kuumba kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzehuropi kana musana wesero maseru. Meningiomas anowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuru. Mhando dzemamota emamenal anosanganisira anotevera:

• Meningioma (giredhi I): A giredhi I meningioma ndiyo yakajairika mhando yemainingeal bundu. Chikoro ini meningioma chirwere chinokura zvishoma. Iyo inoumba kazhinji kazhinji mukugara kwenguva. Chikamu cheI meningioma chinogona kurapwa kana chikabviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

• Meningioma (giredhi II uye III): Ichi chisina kujairika meningeal bundu. Inokura nekukurumidza uye ingangopararira mukati mehuropi uye musana. Kufungidzira kwakaipisisa kupfuura giredhi I meningioma nekuti bundu kazhinji harigone kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

Hemangiopericytoma harisi bundu remurume asi rinorapwa segiredhi II kana III meningioma. Hemangiopericytoma inowanzo fomu mune yekugara mater. Kufungidzira kwakaipisisa kupfuura giredhi I meningioma nekuti bundu kazhinji harigone kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiyiwa.

Germ Cell Tumarara

Utachiona hwemajemusi hunoumba mumasero ehutachiona, ayo ari maseru anokura kuita urume muvarume kana ova (mazai) muvakadzi. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona hwemaseru. Izvi zvinosanganisira germinomas, teratomas, embryonal yolk sac carcinomas, uye choriocarcinomas. Germ cell tumarara dzinogona kunge dziine hutachiona kana dzakashata.

Ona pfupiso ye paUdiki Hwepakati Nervous Sisitimu YeGerm Cell Tumors Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve hudiki utachiona hwemasero mamota muuropi.

Craniopharyngioma (Giredhi I)

Craniopharyngioma ibundu risingawanzo rinowanzoitika pakati peuropi pamusoro peganda repituitary (nhengo yakakura-pizi pazasi pehuropi inodzora mamwe maronda). Craniopharyngiomas inogona kuumbwa kubva pamhando dzakasiyana dzehuropi kana musana wesero maseru.

Ona pfupiso yePDPQ paChidiki Craniopharyngioma Kurapa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve craniopharyngioma muvana.

Kuva nemamwe mageneti syndromes kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yepakati yenzara system bundu.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wako wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi. Kune mashoma anozivikanwa nenjodzi zvinhu zvehuropi tumota. Aya anotevera mamiriro anogona kuwedzera njodzi yemamwe marudzi ehuropi mamota.

• Kuiswa pachena kune vinyl chloride kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yeglioma.

• Kutapukirwa nehutachiona hweEpstein-Barr, kuve neAIDS (yakawana immunodeficiency syndrome), kana kugashira nhengo yekuwedzera kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutanga CNS lymphoma. (Ona pfupiso ye paPuraimari CNS Lymphoma kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.)

• Kuve uine mamwe mageneti syndromes anogona kuwedzera njodzi huturu hwehuropi:

• Neurofibromatosis mhando 1 (NF1) kana 2 (NF2).

• von Hippel-Lindau chirwere.

• Tuberous sclerosis.

• Li-Fraumeni chirwere.

• Turcot syndrome mhando 1 kana 2.

• Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Iko kunokonzeresa kwakawanda kwehuropi hwevakuru uye musana tambo mamota hazvizivikanwe

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvehukuru hwehuropi uye musana tambo tumota hazvina kufanana mumunhu wese.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Ikoko bundu rinoumba muuropi kana musana.

• Izvo zvinokanganiswa chikamu chehuropi.

• Kukura kwebundu.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa nemamota eCNS kana nemamwe mamiriro, kusanganisira kenza yakapararira kuuropi. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

Brain Tumor Zviratidzo

• Morning headache kana headache inoenda mushure mekurutsa.

• Kufenda.

• Kuona, kunzwa, uye matambudziko ekutaura.

• Kupererwa nechido.

• Kakawanda kusvotwa uye kurutsa.

• Shanduko muhunhu, manzwiro, kugona kutarisa, kana hunhu.

• Kurasikirwa kwekuyera uye kunetseka kufamba.

• Kushaya simba.

• Kurara zvisina kujairika kana shanduko muzinga rezviitiko.

Spinal Cord Tumor Zviratidzo

• Kushungurudzika kumashure kana kurwadziwa kunopararira kubva kumashure kuenda kumaoko kana makumbo.

• Shanduko mutsika kana kunetseka kuita weti.

• Kuneta kana chiveve mumaoko kana makumbo.

• Kunetseka kufamba.

Kuyedza kunoongorora huropi uye musana wechipenga kunoshandiswa kuongorora huropi hwevanhu vakuru uye mapundu emusana.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Neurological bvunzo: akateedzana emibvunzo uye bvunzo kutarisa huropi, musana, uye tsinga basa. Bvunzo dzinoongorora chimiro chemunhu chepfungwa, kubatana, uye kugona kufamba zvakajairika, uye mashandiro, pfungwa, uye pfungwa zvinoshanda zvakadii. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kunzi bvunzo yeurouro kana bvunzo yetsinga.

• Wakaonekwa munda bvunzo: Kuongorora kutarisa munda wemunhu wekuona (iyo yakazara nzvimbo mune izvo zvinhu zvinoonekwa). Uyu muyedzo unoyera zvese zviri pakati pekuona (kuti munhu anogona kuona zvakadii kana akatarisa akananga kumberi) uye peripheral vision (kuti munhu anogona kuona zvakadii mune dzimwe nzira dzose achitarisa akananga kumberi). Chero kurasikirwa kwemaonero kunogona kuva chiratidzo chebundu rakakuvadza kana kumanikidza pazvikamu zvehuropi zvinokanganisa kuona.

• Tumor marker bvunzo: Maitiro umo muyenzaniso weropa, weti, kana zvinyama zvinoongororwa kuyera huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nenhengo, nyama, kana tumarara masero mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosunganidzwa kune chaiwo marudzi ekenza kana akawanikwa mune akawedzera mwero mumuviri. Aya anonzi mamarara mamark. Muedzo uyu unogona kuitwa kuti uongorore hutachiona hwemajeri

• Gene kuyedza: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari uko masero kana zvinyama zvinoongororwa kutarisa shanduko mumageneti kana ma chromosomes. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kunge dziri chiratidzo chekuti munhu ane kana panjodzi yekuve nechimwe chirwere kana mamiriro.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scan yehuropi. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza kuburikidza neCT scanner, iyo inotora x-ray mifananidzo yehuropi.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ine gadolinium: Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yehuropi uye musana. Chinhu chinonzi gadolinium chinopinzwa mutsinga. Iyo gadolinium inounganidza yakatenderedza maseru ekenza kuitira kuti varatidze kupenya mumufananidzo. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). MRI inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora mamota mumuzongoza. Dzimwe nguva maitiro anonzi magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) anoitwa panguva yeMRI scan. An MRS inoshandiswa kuongorora mamota, zvichienderana nekemikari yavo yekugadzira.

• SPECT scan (imwechete photon emission computed tomography scan): Maitiro ekutsvaga maseru emarara muuropi. Chishoma chechinhu chine radioactive chinoiswa mutsinga kana kufemerwa kuburikidza nemhino. Sezvo chinhu chinofamba neropa, kamera inotenderera ichitenderedza musoro uye inotora mifananidzo yehuropi. Komputa inoshandisa iyo mifananidzo kugadzira 3-dimensional (3-D) mufananidzo wehuropi. Kuchave nekuwedzera kuyerera kweropa uye nekuwedzera chiitiko munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekenza maseru ari kukura. Idzi nzvimbo dzicharatidzira kupenya mumufananidzo.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inoita mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa muuropi. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa. PET inoshandiswa kutaurira musiyano pakati pebundu rekutanga uye bundu rakapararira kuuropi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri.

PET (positron emission tomography) scan. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza nemuchina wePET. Musoro unozorora uye tambo chena zvinobatsira murwere kurara zvakadaro. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga yemurwere, uye scanner inogadzira mufananidzo wekuti glucose irikushandiswa sei mumuviri. Cancer maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anotora yakawanda glucose kupfuura zvakajairwa maseru.

Biopsy inoshandiswa zvakare kuongorora bundu rehuropi.

Kana bvunzo dzekufungidzira dzichiratidza kuti panogona kunge paine huturu hwehuropi, biopsy inowanzoitwa. Imwe yedzinotevera mhando dze biopsies dzinogona kushandiswa:

• Stereotactic biopsy: Kana imaging bvunzo ichiratidza kuti panogona kunge paine bundu rakadzika muuropi munzvimbo yakaoma kusvika, stereotactic brain biopsy inogona kuitwa. Rudzi urwu rwebiopsy runoshandisa komputa uye chi-3-dimensional (3-D) yekuvheneka mudziyo kuwana iro bundu uye kutungamira iyo tsono inoshandiswa kubvisa iyo nyama. Kuboorwa kudiki kunoitwa mumusoro uye gomba diki rinocherwa ne dehenya. Tsono yebhiopsy inoiswa nepaburi kubvisa maseru kana zvinyama kuitira kuti zvionekwe pasi pe microscope nachiremba kuti aone zviratidzo zvegomarara.

• Vhura biopsy: Kana imaging bvunzo ichiratidza kuti panogona kuve nebundu rinogona kubviswa nekuvhiya, yakavhurika biopsy inogona kuitwa. Chikamu chedehenya chinobviswa mukuvhiya kunonzi craniotomy. Muenzaniso wezvinyama zvehuropi unobviswa uye unoonekwa pasi pe microscope nachiremba. Kana masero ekenza akawanikwa, mamwe kana rese bundu rinogona kubviswa panguva imwechete yekuvhiya. Kuyedza kunoitwa usati wavhiyiwa kuti uwane nzvimbo dzakatenderedza bundu iro rakakosha pakuita kwepfungwa kushanda. Kune zvekare nzira dzekuyedza huropi hunoshanda panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Chiremba anoshandisa mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo kuti abvise bundu rakawanda sezvinobvira pamwe nekukanganisa kudiki kune zvakajairika nyama muuropi.

Craniotomy: Kuvhura kunoitwa mu dehenya uye chidimbu chedehenya chinobviswa kuratidza chikamu chehuropi.

Iyo pathologist inotarisa iyo biopsy sampuli kuti izive mhando uye giredhi rehuropi bundu. Chikamu chebundu chinoenderana nekuti maronda acho anotaridzika sei pasi pe microscope uye nekukurumidza kuti bundu racho rinogona kukura nekupararira.

Iyi miedzo inotevera inogona kuitwa pane iyo bundu turu iyo inobviswa:

• Immunohistochemistry: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira mamwe maantigen (mamaki) mune imwe sampuro yetishu yemurwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anowanzo sunganidzwa ne enzyme kana dhayi ye fluorescent. Mushure mekunge maantibodies akasunga kune yakasarudzika antigen mune yeiyo sampuli, iyo enzyme kana dhayi inogoneswa, uye iyo antigen inogona kuzoonekwa pasi pe microscope. Rudzi urwu rweyedzo runoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora gomarara uye kubatsira kutaurira imwe mhando yekenza kubva kune imwe mhando yegomarara.

• Chiedza uye elektroni microscopy: Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo masero ari mune imwe sampu yetishu anoonekwa pasi pemaikorosikopu akajairwa uye akakwirira-simba kuti atsvage kumwe kushanduka mumasero.

• Kuongorora kweCytogenetic: Kuedzwa kwerabhoritari umo ma chromosomes emaseru ari mune imwe sampu yetishu dzehuropi anoverengwa uye kuongororwa chero shanduko, dzakadai sekutyoka, kushaikwa, kurongwa patsva, kana mamwe ma chromosomes. Shanduko mune mamwe ma chromosomes inogona kunge iri chiratidzo checancer. Kuongorora kweCytogenetic kunoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora cancer, kuronga kurapwa, kana kuona kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei.

Dzimwe nguva bhiopsy kana kuvhiya hakugone kuitwa.

Kune mamwe mamota, biopsy kana kuvhiyiwa hakugone kuitwa zvakachengeteka nekuda kwenzvimbo iyo bundu rakaumbwa muuropi kana musana. Aya mamota anoonekwa uye anorapwa zvinoenderana nezvakabuda mukuyedza kufungidzira uye mamwe maitiro.

Dzimwe nguva mhedzisiro yemiyedzo yekufungidzira uye mamwe maitiro anoratidza kuti bundu iri rinogona kunge riine hunyoro uye bhiopsy haina kuitwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye nzira dzekurapa kwehuropi hwekutanga uye mapundu emuzongoza kunoenderana nezvinotevera

• Rudzi uye giredhi rebundu.

• Iko iko bundu riri muuropi kana musana.

• Kunyangwe bundu racho rinogona kubviswa nekuvhiyiwa.

• Chero masero ekenza anoramba aripo mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Kunyangwe paine dzimwe shanduko muma chromosomes.

• Kunyangwe kenza ichangobva kuongororwa kana kuti yadzokazve (dzoka).

• Hutano hwese hwemurwere.

Kufungidzira uye nzira dzekurapa dze metastatic brain uye musana tambo tumota zvinoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Kunyangwe paine anopfuura maviri mapundu muuropi kana musana.

• Iko iko bundu riri muuropi kana musana.

• Iyo bundu rinopindura sei pakurapwa.

• Kunyangwe bundu rekutanga richiri kuramba richikura kana kupararira.

Matanho eVakuru Central Nervous System Tumors

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Iko hakuna yakajairwa sisitimu sisitimu yevakuru huropi uye musana tambo mamota.

• Kufungidzira bvunzo kunogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubatsira kuronga kumwe kurapwa.

Iko hakuna yakajairwa sisitimu sisitimu yevakuru huropi uye musana tambo mamota.

Iko kukura kana kupararira kwegomarara kunowanzo rondedzerwa sematanho. Iko hakuna standard standard staging system yeuropi uye musana tambo tumota. Mamota ehuropi anotanga muuropi anogona kupararira kune mamwe mativi ehuropi uye musana, asi haawanzo kupararira kune mamwe mativi emuviri. Kurapa kwepakutanga huropi uye musana tambo tumota kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Rudzi rwechitokisi umo bundu rakatanga.

• Ikoko bundu rakaumbwa muuropi kana musana.

• Huwandu hwecancer hwakasara mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Chikamu chebundu.

Kurapa kwemamota akapararira kuuropi kubva kune mamwe mativi emuviri kunoenderana nenhamba yemamota ari muuropi.

Kufungidzira bvunzo kunogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kubatsira kuronga kumwe kurapwa.

Mimwe bvunzo nemaitiro anoshandiswa kuongorora huropi kana musana tambo thumbu inogona kudzokororwa mushure mekurapwa kuti uone kuti imo mamota asara sei.

Kudzokorora Kwevanhu Vakuru Central Nervous System Tumors

Iyo inodzokororwa yepakati nervous system (CNS) bundu ibundu rakadzokazve (kudzoka) mushure mekurapwa. CNS mamota anowanzo dzoka, dzimwe nguva makore mazhinji mushure mekutanga bundu. Bundu rinogona kudzoka panzvimbo imwechete seya yekutanga bundu kana mune mamwe matunhu epakati etsinga system.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane huropi hwevanhu vakuru uye musana tambo tumota.

• Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kushanda kwekutarisa

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Targeted kurapwa

• Kuchengetedzwa kunopihwa kudzikisira matambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere kana kurapwa kwacho.

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Proton beam radiation radiation

• Biologic kurapa

• Kurapa kwevanhu vakuru venyama system mamota anogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane huropi hwevanhu vakuru uye musana tambo tumota.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa kuvarwere vane huropi hwevanhu vakuru uye musana tambo tumota. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando shanu dzekurapwa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kushanda kwekutarisa

Kushanda kwekutarisa kuri kutarisa zvakanyanya mamiriro emurwere asi kusapa chero kurapwa kunze kwekunge paine shanduko mune bvunzo mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti mamiriro ari kuramba achiwedzera. Kushanda kwekutarisa kunogona kushandiswa kudzivirira kana kunonoka kudiwa kwekurapwa senge radiation kurapwa kana kuvhiya, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa mhedzisiro kana mamwe matambudziko. Munguva yekushanda, mimwe bvunzo uye bvunzo zvinoitwa pane yakajairwa nguva. Kushanda kunogona kushandiswa kumatota anononoka kukura ayo asingakonzere zviratidzo.

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya kunogona kushandiswa kuongorora uye kurapa huro hwevanhu vakuru uye musana tambo tumota. Kubvisa tumarara turu kunobatsira kudzikamisa kumanikidza kwethumba pazvikamu zviri padyo zvehuropi. Ona iyo General Ruzivo chikamu cheichi chidimbu.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inoonekwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy kana radiation radiation mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

Kunze-danda radiation kurapwa kwehuropi. Mushini unoshandiswa kunongedza mwenje wemagetsi ane simba. Mushini unogona kutenderera uchitenderera murwere, uchiendesa mwaranzi kubva kumakona mazhinji akasiyana. Iyo mesh mask inobatsira kuchengetedza musoro wemurwere kubva pakufamba panguva yekurapwa. Madiki inki mamaki anoiswa pamask. Iwo inki mamaki anoshandiswa kumisikidza iyo radiation radiation mune imwecheteyo nzvimbo pamberi pega kurapwa.

• Dzimwe nzira dzekupa mishonga ye radiation dzinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mwaranzi kubva mukukuvadza nyama iri pedyo ine hutano. Aya marudzi erapi radiation anosanganisira anotevera:

• Conformal radiation therapy: Conformal radiation kurapwa rudzi rwekunze radiation radiation iyo inoshandisa komputa kugadzira 3-dimensional (3-D) pikicha yebundu uye inoumba iwo mamirioni matanda kuti akwane bundu.

• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT imhando ye3-dimensional (3-D) yekunze radiation kurapwa iyo inoshandisa komputa kugadzira mifananidzo yehukuru uye chimiro chebundu. Matanda matete emwaranzi yemasimba akasiyana (simba) anovavarira bundu kubva pamakona mazhinji.

• Stereotactic radiosurgery: Stereotactic radiosurgery rudzi rwekunze radiation radiation. Rakaomarara musoro furemu wakasungirirwa padehenya kuti musoro urambe wakadzikama panguva yekurapwa nemwaranzi. Mushini unonongedza imwe chete hombe yemwaranzi yakananga pabundu. Maitiro aya haabatanidzi kuvhiyiwa. Iyo inonziwo stereotaxic radiosurgery, radiosurgery, uye radiation radiation.

Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Nzira iyo marapi ekurapa anopiwa anoenderana nerudzi uye giredhi rebundu uye kwariri kuri muuropi kana musana. Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapa kunoshandiswa kurapa vanhu vakuru venyama system mamota.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, mishonga inonyanya kukanganisa maseru ekenza munzvimbo idzodzo (chemotherapy yedunhu). Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa anopfuura imwe anticancer mushonga. Kurapa mamota europi, wafer iyo inonyungudika inogona kushandiswa kuendesa mushonga weanticancer wakananga kunzvimbo yehuropi bundu mushure mekunge bundu rabviswa nekuvhiyiwa. Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye giredhi remota uye nekwairi muuropi.

Anticancer mishonga inopihwa nemuromo kana mutsinga kurapa huropi uye musana tambo mamota haakwanise kuyambuka iropa-huropi chipingamupinyi uye wopinda mune iyo mvura inotenderedza uropi uye musana tambo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, mushonga weanticancer unowiswa munzvimbo inozadzwa nemvura kuti uuraye maseru ekenza ipapo. Izvi zvinonzi intrathecal chemotherapy.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa zveBongo Tumarara kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Targeted kurapwa

Targeted therapy mhando yekurapa inoshandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvione uye kurwisa chaiwo maseru ekenza pasina kukuvadza zvakajairika maseru.

Monoclonal antibody therapy imhando yekurapa kwakanangwa iyo inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira akagadzirwa murabhoritari kubva kune imwechete mhando ye immune system sero. Aya ma antibodies anokwanisa kuona zvinhu pane cancer cancer kana zvakajairika zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira gomarara maseru kukura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira pazvinhu uye anouraya maseru egomarara, anovharira kukura kwawo, kana kuti aachengetedze kubva pakupararira. Monoclonal antibodies inopihwa nekumisirwa. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kutakura zvinodhaka, chepfu, kana zvinhu zvine radioactive zvakanangana nemasero ekenza.

Bevacizumab ndeye monoclonal antibody inosunga kune protein inonzi vascular endothelial kukura factor (VEGF) uye inogona kudzivirira kukura kwemidziyo yeropa mitsva iyo mamota anoda kukura. Bevacizumab inoshandiswa pakurapa kweanowanzoitika glioblastoma.

Mamwe marudzi eanotarisirwa marapirwo ari kuongororwa kune vakuru vakuru mapundu, kusanganisira tyrosine kinase inhibitors uye nyowani VEGF inhibitors.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa zveBongo Tumarara kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Kuchengetedzwa kunopihwa kudzikisira matambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere kana kurapwa kwacho.

Iyi kurapa inodzora matambudziko kana mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nechirwere kana kurapwa kwayo uye inovandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu. Kune mapundu europi, kuchengetedzwa kunotsigira kunosanganisira zvinodhaka kudzora kubatwa uye kuwanda kwemvura kana kuzvimba muuropi.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ichi chikamu chepfupiso chinoreva kurapwa kutsva kuri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa, asi zvinogona kusataura zvese zvitsva kurapwa kuri kudzidzwa. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Proton beam radiation radiation

Proton beam radiation therapy ndeye mhando yeakakwira-simba, ekunze radiation kurapwa iyo inoshandisa hova dzemapurotoni (zvidiki, zvine chokwadi-zvine mhosva-zvidimbu zvezvinhu) kugadzira radiation. Rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi runouraya mamota maseru nekukuvara kudiki kune nyama dziri pedyo. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa kanzira yemusoro, mutsipa, uye musana uye nhengo senge uropi, ziso, mapapu, uye prostate. Proton beam radiation ichisiyana neX-ray radiation

Biologic kurapa

Biologic kurapa kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana immunotherapy.

Biologic Therapic iri kuongororwa kurapwa kweimwe mhando yemamota ehuropi. Mishonga inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Dendritic sero rekudzivirira mushonga.

• Gene kurapa.

Kurapa kwevanhu vakuru venyama system mamota anogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa kutarisa kuti bundu repfungwa radzoka here mushure mekurapwa:

• SPECT scan (imwechete photon emission computed tomography scan): Maitiro ekutsvaga maseru emarara muuropi. Chishoma chechinhu chine radioactive chinoiswa mutsinga kana kufemerwa kuburikidza nemhino. Sezvo chinhu chinofamba neropa, kamera inotenderera ichitenderedza musoro uye inotora mifananidzo yehuropi. Komputa inoshandisa iyo mifananidzo kugadzira 3-dimensional (3-D) mufananidzo wehuropi. Kuchave nekuwedzera kuyerera kweropa uye nekuwedzera chiitiko munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekenza maseru ari kukura. Idzi nzvimbo dzicharatidzira kupenya mumufananidzo.

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inoita mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa muuropi. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa.

PET (positron emission tomography) scan. Murwere akarara patafura inotsvedza nemuchina wePET. Musoro unozorora uye tambo chena zvinobatsira murwere kurara zvakadaro. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga yemurwere, uye scanner inogadzira mufananidzo wekuti glucose irikushandiswa sei mumuviri. Cancer maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anotora yakawanda glucose kupfuura zvakajairwa maseru.

Kurapa Sarudzo nerudzi rwePuraimari Adult Brain Tumor

Muchikamu chino

• Nyeredzi Astrocytic

• Uropi Stem Gliomas

• Pineal Astrocytic Mapundu

• Pilocytic Astrocytomas

• Kuparadzira Astrocytomas

• Anaplastic Astrocytomas

• Glioblastomas

• Oligodendroglial Tumors

• Akasanganiswa Gliomas

• Ependymal Tumors

• Medulloblastomas

• Pineal Parenchymal Mapundu

• Meningeal Mamota

• Germ Cell Tumarara

• Craniopharyngiomas

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Nyeredzi Astrocytic

Uropi Stem Gliomas

Kurapa kwehuropi stem gliomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Pineal Astrocytic Mapundu

Kurapa kwepineal astrocytic tumors kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation. Pamamota akakwira-giredhi, chemotherapy inogona kupihwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Pilocytic Astrocytomas

Kurapa kwepilocytic astrocytomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu. Radiation therapy inogona zvakare kupihwa kana bundu rikasara mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuparadzira Astrocytomas

Kurapa kwekuparadzira astrocytomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa.

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation uye chemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Anaplastic Astrocytomas

Kurapa kweaplastic astrocytomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation. Chemotherapy inogona zvakare kupihwa.

• Kuvhiya uye chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy yakaiswa muuropi panguva yekuvhiyiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva kwakawedzerwa pakurapwa kwakajairwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Glioblastomas

Kurapa kweglioblastomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation uye chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwe chete, ichiteverwa nekemotherapy chete

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation radiation.

• Chemotherapy yakaiswa muuropi panguva yekuvhiyiwa.

• Radiation therapy uye chemotherapy yakapihwa panguva imwe chete.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva kwakawedzerwa pakurapwa kwakajairwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Oligodendroglial Tumors

Kurapa kwe oligodendrogliomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya pamwe kana pasina radiation kurapwa. Chemotherapy inogona kupihwa mushure mekurapwa nemwaranzi.

Kurapa kweaplastic oligodendroglioma kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kunoteverwa ne radiation kurapwa pamwe kana pasina chemotherapy.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva kwakawedzerwa pakurapwa kwakajairwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Akasanganiswa Gliomas

Kurapa kwegliomas yakavhenganiswa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation. Dzimwe nguva chemotherapy inopiwawo.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Ependymal Tumors

Kurapa kwegiredhi I uye giredhi II ependymomas inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu. Radiation therapy inogona zvakare kupihwa kana bundu rikasara mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Kurapa kwegiredhi III anaplastic ependymoma inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Medulloblastomas

Kurapa kwemedulloblastomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation kuuropi uye musana.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwechemotherapy kwakawedzerwa pakuvhiyiwa uye kurapwa kwemwaranzi kuuropi uye musana

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Pineal Parenchymal Mapundu

Kurapa kwepineal parenchymal tumors kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Zvepineocytomas, kuvhiya uye radiation radiation.

• Nezve pineoblastomas, kuvhiya, radiation radiation, uye chemotherapy.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Meningeal Mamota

Kurapa kwegiredhi I meningiomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kushanda kwemamota asina kana zviratidzo kana zviratidzo.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu. Radiation therapy inogona zvakare kupihwa kana bundu rikasara mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

• Stereotactic radiosurgery yemamota madiki pane matatu masendimita.

• Radiation kurapa kwemamota asingakwanise kubviswa nekuvhiya.

Kurapa kwegiredhi II uye III meningiomas uye hemangiopericytomas inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya uye radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Germ Cell Tumarara

Iko hakuna kurapwa kwakajairika kwehutachiona hwemajusi maseru (germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, uye teratoma). Kurapa kunoenderana nezvinoonekwa nemaseru emota pasi pe microscope, mamaki mamota, uko bundu riri muuropi, uye kuti rinogona kubviswa nekuvhiya.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Craniopharyngiomas

Kurapa kwe craniopharyngiomas kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa zvachose bundu.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa zvakanyanya bundu sezvinobvira, kuchiteverwa ne radiation radiation.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzePrimary Adult Spinal Cord Tumors

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwepamuviri tambo mapundu kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu.

• Radiation kurapa.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeRecurrent Adult Central Nervous System Tumors

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Iko hakuna kwakajairika kurapwa kweanodzokororwa epakati nervous system (CNS) mamota. Kurapa kunoenderana nemamiriro emurwere, zvinotarisirwa mhedzisiro yekurapwa, uko bundu riri muCNS, uye kuti bundu rinogona kubviswa nekuvhiyiwa. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy yakaiswa muuropi panguva yekuvhiyiwa

.

• Chemotherapy nemishonga isina kushandiswa kurapa bundu repakutanga.

• Targeted therapy yekurapa glioblastoma.

• Radiation kurapa.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeMetastatic Adult Brain Tumors

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kweimwe kusvika kumamota mana akapararira kuuropi kubva kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radiation kurapa kuhuropi hwese kana kana pasina kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa kuhuropi hwese kana kana isina stereotactic radiosurgery.

• Stereotactic radiosurgery.

• Chemotherapy, kana iro bundu rekutanga riri iro rinopindura anticancer zvinodhaka. Inogona kusanganiswa ne radiation radiation.

Kurapa kwemamota akapararira kuma leptomeninges kunogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy (systemic uye / kana intrathecal). Radiation therapy inogona zvakare kupihwa.

• Kutsigira kutarisirwa.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Pamusoro peVakuru Central Nervous System Tumors

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezvevanhu vakuru venyama system matumbo, ona zvinotevera:

• Kanzera yeBongo Kumba Peji

• Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa zveBongo Tumarara

• NCI-CONNECT (Yakakwana Oncology Network Kuongorora Rare CNS Tumors)

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza

• Stage

• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza

• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza

• Kurarama neCancer

• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer

• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira