Types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq

Bladder Cancer Kurapa (®) -Patient Shanduro

Ruzivo Ruzhinji Nezve Cancer Cancer

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Gomarara redundiro chirwere umo maronda akaipa (gomarara) anoumba munyama dzedundira.
• Kusvuta kunogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yedundira.
• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara redundira zvinosanganisira ropa mumurini uye marwadzo panguva yekuita weti.
• Bvunzo dzinoongorora weti uye dundira dzinoshandiswa kubatsira kuona (kuwana) uye kuongorora gomarara redundira.
• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Gomarara redundiro chirwere umo maronda akaipa (gomarara) anoumba munyama dzedundira.

Dundira inhengo isina mhodzi muchikamu chezasi chedumbu. Yakaumbwa kunge kabharumu kadiki uye ine mhasuru yemadziro inobvumira kuti iwedzere kana diki kuchengetedza weti inogadzirwa neitsvo. Kune itsvo mbiri, imwe kudivi rega remusana, pamusoro pechiuno. Tuburi tudiki mutsvo dzinosefa uye rinosuka ropa. Vanotora zvigadzirwa zvemarara uye vanoita weti. Weti inopfuura kubva kuitsvo yega yega kuburikidza nehubhu refu inonzi ureter ichipinda mudundira. Dundira rinobata weti kusvika yapfuura nemu urethra yosiya muviri.

Anatomy yemurume urinary system (kuruboshwe pani) uye yevakadzi Urinary system (kurudyi pani) inoratidza itsvo, ureters, bladder, uye urethra. Weti inogadzirwa mune renal tubules uye inounganidza mune renal pelvis yeitsvo yega yega. Weti inoyerera kubva kuitsvo kuburikidza nehureta kuenda kudundira. Weti yacho inochengetwa mudundira kusvikira yasiya muviri kuburikidza nererethra.

Kune mhando nhatu dzegomarara redundiro dzinotanga mumasero ari muburi redundira. Aya makenza anoshevedzwa nerudzi rwemasero anova akaipa (cancer).

• Transitional cell carcinoma: Gomarara rinotanga mumasero ari mukati-kati memukati menyama yemudumbu. Aya maseru anokwanisa kutambanuka kana dundira rizere uye nekudzikira kana radeurwa. Makenza mazhinji edundira anotanga mumasero eshanduko. Shanduko yesero carcinoma inogona kunge yakadzika-giredhi kana yakakwira-giredhi:

• Yakadzika-giredhi shanduko cell carcinoma inowanzo dzoka (inodzoka) mushure mekurapwa, asi kashoma inopararira mukati memhasuru yakatenderera yedundira kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Yepamusoro-giredhi shanduko cell carcinoma inowanzo dzoka (inodzoka) mushure mekurapwa uye inowanzo kutanda kupinda mumhasuru yakaturikidzana yedundira, kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, uye kune lymph node. Dzinenge dzese kufa kubva mukenza yedundira inokonzerwa nechirwere chepamusoro.

• Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer inotanga mumaseru ane squamous (matete, maseru akati sandara anonamira mukati meye dundira). Kanzera inogona kuumbika mushure mekurwara kwenguva refu kana kutsamwa.

• Adenocarcinoma: Cancer inotanga mumasero eglandular anowanikwa mumucheto wedundira. Glandular masero mudundira anogadzira zvinhu zvakaita semhururu. Iyi ndiyo mhando isingawanzoitika yegomarara redundira.

Gomarara riri mumucheto wedundira rinonzi gomarara repamusoro. Gomarara rakapararira kuburikidza nemucheto wedundira uye rinopinda mumadziro emhasuru redundira kana rakapararira kunhengo dziri pedyo uye node dzedumbu rinonzi gomarara remudundiro.

Ona zvinotevera pfupiso dze kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo:

• Renal Cell Cancer Kurapa

• Shanduko yeSero Kanzera yeRenal Pelvis uye Ureter Kurapa

• Bladder uye Imwe Urothelial Cancers Kuongorora

• Zvisina kujairika Cancers zveVana Kurapa

Kusvuta kunogona kukanganisa njodzi yekenza yedundira.

Chero chipi zvacho chinowedzera mukana wako wekutora chirwere chinonzi njodzi chinhu. Kuva nenjodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana gomarara; kusava nenjodzi hazvireve kuti hauzobatwe negomarara. Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave uri panjodzi yekenza yedundira.

Njodzi zvinhu zvegomarara redundira zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kushandisa fodya, kunyanya kuputa fodya.

• Kuve nenhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yedundira.

• Kuva nedzimwe shanduko mumagen'a ayo akabatana nekenza yedundira.

• Kuoneswa pendi, dhayi, simbi, kana peturu zvigadzirwa munzvimbo yebasa.

• Kurapa kwakapfuura nemushonga wemwaranzi kune pelvis kana nemamwe anticancer zvinodhaka, senge cyclophosphamide kana ifosfamide.

• Kutora Aristolochia fangchi, mushonga weChinese.

• Kunwa mvura kubva mutsime ine mazinga epamusoro earsenic.

• Kunwa mvura yakave yakarapwa neklorini.

• Kuve nenhoroondo yehutachiona hwechirwere, kusanganisira hutachiona hwechimudhi hunokonzerwa neSchistosoma haematobium.

• Uchishandisa machati ekuvhenesa kwenguva yakareba.

Kukwegura chinhu chengozi kune vakawanda kanzura. Mukana wekubata cancer unowedzera paunenge uchikura.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara redundira zvinosanganisira ropa mumurini uye marwadzo panguva yekuita weti.

Izvi nezvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinogona kukonzerwa negomarara redundira kana nezvimwewo mamiriro. Tarisa nachiremba wako kana iwe uine chero chinotevera:

• Ropa mumurini (zvishoma zvine ngura kusvika kured tsvuku muvara).

• Kakawanda weti.

• Marwadzo panguva yekuita weti.

• Kumusoro kurwadziwa kwepashure.

Bvunzo dzinoongorora weti uye dundira dzinoshandiswa kubatsira kuona (kuwana) uye kuongorora gomarara redundira.

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama uye nhoroondo : Kuongororwa kwemuviri kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora zviratidzo zvehosha, zvakadai semapundu kana chero chinhu chinoratidzika sechisina kujairika. Nhoroondo yemaitiro ehutano hwemurwere uye kurwara kwakapfuura uye kurapwa kuchatorwawo.

• Yemukati bvunzo : Kuongororwa kwemukadzi uye / kana rectum. Chiremba anoisa zvigunwe zvakagirizwa, zvakapfekerwa mukati memukadzi uye / kana rectum kuti unzwe mapundu.

• Urinalysis : Chiyero chekutarisa ruvara rweweti uye nezviri mukati, senge shuga, protein, masero matsvuku eropa, uye machena masero eropa.

• Urine cytology : Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari umo muyedzo weti inoongororwa pasi pe microscope yemasero asina kujairika.

• Cystoscopy : Maitiro ekutarisa mukati mechiropa uye urethra kutarisa nzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Iyo cystoscope inoiswa kuburikidza neiyo urethra kupinda mudundira. Iyo cystoscope chishoma, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje uye lens yekuona. Iyo inogona zvakare kuve nechishandiso chekubvisa matissue sampuli, ayo anoongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Cystoscopy. Iyo cystoscope (yakatetepa, chubhu-senge chiridzwa chine mwenje nelenzi yekutarisa) inoiswa kuburikidza nerethra muchibhakera. Mvura inoshandiswa kuzadza dundira. Chiremba anotarisa mufananidzo wemadziro emukati medundira pakomputa yekutarisa.

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): akateedzana e-ray-itsvo, ureters, uye dundira kuti uone kana gomarara riripo munhengo idzi. Dhayi rakasiyana rinoiswa mutsinga. Sezvo dhayi yekusiyanisa ichifamba kuburikidza neitsvo, ureters, uye bladder, x-ray inotorwa kuti uone kana paine chero mabhureki.

Biopsy: Kubviswa kwemasero kana zvinyama kuitira kuti vagone kutariswa pasi pe microscope nachiremba wekutarisa zviratidzo zvecancer. Bhiopsy yekenza yemukaka inowanzoitwa panguva yecystoscopy. Zvinogona kuitika kubvisa bundu rose panguva yebhaopsy.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) uye sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kufungidzira (mukana wekupora) kunoenderana nezvinotevera:

• Iyo nhanho yekenza (ingave iri pamusoro kana inopinda gomarara redundira, uye kana yapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri). Gomarara redundiro mumatanho ekutanga rinogona kurapwa.

• Rudzi rwekenza yemukenza wedundira uye maratidziro ainoita pasi pe microscope

• Kunyangwe paine carcinoma in situ mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechironda.

• Zera remurwere uye hutano hwese.

Kana kenza iri pamusoro, kufungidzira kunoenderana neinotevera:

• Mangani mamota aripo.

• Kukura kwemamota.

• Kunyangwe bundu radzoka (radzoka) mushure mekurapwa.

Kurapa sarudzo kunoenderana padanho regomarara redundira.

Nhanho dzeCancer Bladder

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Mushure mekunge gomarara redundiro raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru rapararira mukati meye kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

• Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

• Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

• Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa pagomarara redundira:

• Chikamu 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma uye Carcinoma muSitu)

• Chikamu I

• Chikamu II

• Chikamu chechitatu

• Chikamu IV

Mushure mekunge gomarara redundiro raonekwa, kuongororwa kunoitwa kuti uone kana gomarara maseru rapararira mukati meye kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri.

Maitiro anoshandiswa kutsvaga kana gomarara rapararira mukati meganda redundiro uye mhasuru kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinodaidzwa kunzi staging. Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva munzira yekugadzwa rinotara danho rechirwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive nhanho kuitira kuronga kurapwa. Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye maitiro anogona kushandiswa mune yekuratidzira maitiro:

• CT scan (CAT scan) : Maitiro anoita akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, inotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inogadzirwa nekombuta yakabatana neiyo x-ray muchina. Dhayi inogona kuiswa jekiseni kana kumedzwa kubatsira nhengo kana zvinyama kuratidza zvakajeka. Iyi nzira inonziwo computed tomography, computerized tomography, kana komputa axial tomography. Kugadzira gomarara redundira, iyo CT scan inogona kutora mifananidzo yechipfuva, dumbu, uye pelvis.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) : Maitiro anoshandisa magineti, masaisai eredhiyo, uye komputa kugadzira akateedzana emifananidzo yakajeka yenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri, senge huropi. Iyi nzira inonziwo nyukireya magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• PET scan (positron emission tomography scan) : Iyo nzira yekuwana yakaipa malonda maseru mumuviri. Chishoma che radioactive glucose (shuga) inoiswa mutsinga. Iyo PET scanner inotenderera yakatenderedza muviri uye inogadzira mufananidzo wepo glucose iri kushandiswa mumuviri. Malignant tumarara maseru anoratidza kupenya mumufananidzo nekuti anoshanda uye anotora glucose yakawanda kupfuura zvinoita maseru akajairwa. Maitiro aya anoitwa kuongorora kana paine malignant tumor maseru mune ma lymph node.

• Chest x-ray : X-ray yenhengo nemapfupa mukati mechipfuva. X-ray imhando yesimba remagetsi rinogona kupfuura nemuviri uye kupinda mufirimu, richiita mufananidzo wenzvimbo dziri mukati memuviri.

Bone scan: Maitiro ekutarisa kana paine nekukurumidza kupatsanura masero, senge kenza maseru, mupfupa. Chinhu chidiki kwazvo che radioactive chakabayiwa mutsinga uye chinofamba neropa. Iyo radioactive zvinhu inounganidza mumapfupa nekenza uye inoonekwa ne scanner.

Pane nzira nhatu dzinopararira negomarara mumuviri.

Kenza inogona kupararira kuburikidza nematinji, iyo lymph system, uye neropa:

• Tishu. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekukura ichipinda munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

• Lymph maitiro. Kenza inopararira kubva kwayakatanga nekupinda muiyo lymph system. Kenza inofamba nemumidziyo yema lymph ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Ropa. Kenza inopararira kubva payakatanga nekupinda muropa. Kenza inofamba nemidzi yeropa ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Gomarara rinogona kutapukira kubva kwarakatanga kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana kenza ikapararira kune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, inonzi metastasis. Cancer maseru anotsemuka kubva kwaakatanga (iro bundu rekutanga) uye achifamba kuburikidza neye lymph system kana ropa.

• Lymph maitiro. Gomarara rinopinda mu "lymph system", rinofamba nemumidziyo ye "lymph", uye rinogadzira bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

• Ropa. Kenza inopinda muropa, inofamba nemutsinga dzeropa, yoita bundu (metastatic tumor) mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri.

Iyo metastatic bundu irwo rudzi rwecancer seyakanyanya bundu. Semuenzaniso, kana gomarara redundiro rikapararira kusvika pfupa, masero egomarara ari mupfupa ndiwo maseru egomarara redundira. Chirwere ichi gomarara remudundiro, kwete gomarara repfupa.

Kufa kwegomarara kwakawanda kunokonzerwa kana kenza ichibva pabundu rekutanga uye ichipararira ichienda kune dzimwe nyama uye nhengo. Izvi zvinonzi cancer yemastastatic. Iyi animation inoratidza mafambiro egomarara kubva panzvimbo yemuviri mavakatanga kuumbika kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Matanho anotevera anoshandiswa pagomarara redundira:

Chikamu 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma uye Carcinoma muSitu)

Stage 0 gomarara redundira. Masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune tishu inonamira mukati meye dundira. Nhanho 0a (inonziwo isinga bvise papillary carcinoma) inogona kutaridzika kunge yakareba, mitete yakatetepa inokura kubva pamubhedha wedundira. Stage 0is (inonziwo carcinoma in situ) ibundu rakapfava pazvinyama zvinonamira mukati medundira.

Muchikamu chechipiri, masero asina kujairika anowanikwa mune turuji inonamira mukati meye dundira. Aya maseru asina kujairika anogona kuva cancer uye achipararira mune zvinyama zviri pedyo. Chikamu 0 chakakamurwa muzvikamu 0a uye 0is, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere:

• Stage 0a inonziwo isinga bate papillary carcinoma, iyo inogona kutaridzika kunge yakareba, yakatetepa inokura ichikura kubva pamubhedha wedundira.

• Stage 0is inonziwo carcinoma in situ, rinova bundu rakati sandara pane nyama inonamira mukati meye dundira.

Chikamu I

Stage I kenza yemudundira. Gomarara rapararira kune ungwaru hwehunhu hunobatanidza padhuze nekamuri remukati redundira.

Padanho I, kenza yakaumba uye ikapararira kusvika kune yakatetepa yeinobatana mativi padhuze nemukati memukati wedundira.

Chikamu II

Stage II gomarara redundira. Gomarara rapararira kumatunhu etsandanyama.

Muchikamu chechipiri, gomarara rapararira kumatunhu etsandanyama.

Chikamu chechitatu

Chikamu chechitatu chakakamurwa muzvikamu IIIA uye IIIB.

• Muchikamu IIIA:

• gomarara rapararira kubva padundira kusvika kune mafuta akafukidza dundira uye anogona kunge akapararira kunhengo dzekubereka (prostate, seminal vesicles, chibereko, kana mukadzi) uye gomarara harina kupararira kumitezo yenhengo dzedumbu; kana

• gomarara rapararira kubva mudundira kuenda kune rimwe lymph node mumapfupa emusana iyo isiri padyo neyakajairwa aracac arteri (makuru arteri ari muchiuno).

Stage IIIA kenza yemudumbu. Gomarara rapararira kubva mudundira kusvika (a) pakapetana mafuta akakomberedza dundira uye anogona kunge akapararira kuprostate uye / kana seminal vesicles mune varume kana muchibereko uye / kana nyinyo mumadzimai, uye gomarara harina kupararira kusvika kune node node; kana (b) imwe lymph node mumapapiro ayo asiri padyo neyakajairwa irac artery.

• Muchikamu IIIB, kenza yakapararira kubva mudundira kuenda kune inopfuura imwechete lymph node mumapapiro ayo asiri padyo neyakajairwa aracac arteri kana kune imwechete lymph node iri padyo neyakajairwa irac arteri.

Stage IIIB kenza yemukaka. Kenza yakapararira kubva mudundira kuenda ku (a) inopfuura imwe lymph node mumapapiro ayo asiri padyo neyakajairwa irac arteri; kana (b) imwechete lymph node iri padyo neyakajairwa irac arteri.

Chikamu IV

Chikamu cheIVA uye IVB cancer kenza. Muchikamu cheIVA, gomarara rapararira kubva ku dundira kusvika (a) kumadziro edumbu kana chiuno; kana (b) lymph node pamusoro pemitsipa yakajairika iriac Muchikamu IVB, kenza yakapararira ku (c) zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvakaita semapapu, chiropa, kana pfupa.

Chikamu IV chakakamurwa muzvikamu IVA uye IVB.

• Muchikamu IVA:

• gomarara rapararira kubva kudundira kusvika kumadziro emudumbu kana muchiuno; kana

• gomarara rapararira kuma lymph node ayo ari pamusoro peanowanzo arteriac arteri (makuru arteri ari muchiuno).

• Muchikamu IVB, kenza yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvakadai semapapu, pfupa, kana chiropa.

Kanzuru Yechirwere Chechiropa

Gomarara redundiro kenza kenza yakadzokazve (yadzoka) mushure mekurapwa. Gomarara rinogona kudzoka mudundira kana mune mamwe mativi emuviri.

Kurapa Sarudzo Kuongorora

PFUNGWA DZINOKOSHA

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane gomarara redundira.

• Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

• Kuvhiya

• Radiation kurapa

• Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy

• Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

• Kurapa kwegomarara redundira kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

• Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

• Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

• Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapwa kwevarwere vane gomarara redundira.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dziripo kune varwere vane gomarara redundira. Mamwe marapirwo akajairwa (iko kurapwa kwazvino kwashandiswa), uye kumwe kuedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa A kurapwa kiriniki kuyedzwa chidzidzo chekutsvaga chakaitirwa kubatsira kuvandudza marapirwo azvino kana kuwana ruzivo marapirwo matsva evarwere vane gomarara. Kana kiriniki miedzo ikaratidza kuti kurapwa kutsva kuri nani pane kwese kurapwa, kurapwa kutsva kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kurapwa. Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki. Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki yakavhurwa chete kune varwere vasina kutanga kurapwa.

Mhando ina dzekurapa kwakajairika dzinoshandiswa:

Kuvhiya

Imwe yemhando dzinotevera dzekuvhiya dzinogona kuitwa:

• Transurethral resection (TUR) ine kuzara: Kuvhiya uko cystoscope (yakatetepa yakavhenekerwa chubhu) inoiswa muchiropa kuburikidza nerethra. Chishandiso chine tambo diki yetambo kumagumo chinobva chashandiswa kubvisa gomarara kana kupisa bundu nemagetsi emagetsi ane simba. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sekuzara.

• Radical cystectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa dundira uye chero lymph node uye nhengo dzepedyo dzine cancer. Kuvhiya uku kunogona kuitwa kana kenza yedundira ichipinda mumadziro emhasuru, kana kana gomarara repamusoro richisanganisira chikamu chikuru chedundira. Mune varume, nhengo dziri pedyo dzinobviswa iprostate uye iyo seminal vesicles. Mumadzimai, chibereko, mazai, uye chikamu chemukadzi zvinobviswa. Dzimwe nguva, kana gomarara rapararira kunze kwedundira uye risingakwanise kubviswa zvachose, kuvhiyiwa kubvisa chete dundira kunogona kuitwa kudzikisa zviratidzo zveweti zvinokonzerwa nekenza. Apo dundira rinofanira kubviswa, chiremba anovhiya anogadzira imwe nzira yekuti weti ibve mumuviri.

• Partial cystectomy: Kuvhiya kubvisa chikamu chedundira. Kuvhiya uku kunogona kuitirwa varwere vane bundu repasi-pasi iro rakapinda pamadziro edundira asi rakaganhurirwa kune imwe nzvimbo yedundira. Nekuti chete chikamu chedundira chinobviswa, varwere vanokwanisa kuita weti zvakajairika mushure mekupora kubva mukuvhiya uku. Izvi zvinodaidzwa zvakare segmental cystectomy.

• Urinary diversion: Kuvhiya kugadzira nzira nyowani yekuti muviri uchengete uye upfuure weti.

Mushure mekunge chiremba abvisa kenza yese inogona kuoneka panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vamwe varwere vanogona kupihwa chemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara. Mushonga wakapihwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa njodzi yekuti gomarara richadzoka, inonzi adjuvant therapy.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kurapwa kenza iyo inoshandisa yakakwira-simba x-rays kana mamwe marudzi e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru kana kuachengeta iwo kuti asakure. Kune mhando mbiri dze radiation radiation:

• External radiation therapy inoshandisa muchina uri kunze kwemuviri kutumira radiation kune kenza.

• Yemukati radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa radioactive chinhu chakavharirwa mune tsono, mhodzi, waya, kana makateti anoiswa akananga mukati kana padyo nekenza.

Maitiro ekurapwa nemwaranzi anoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. External radiation therapy inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara redundira.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy mushonga wekenza unoshandisa mishonga kumisa kukura kwemasero ekenza, kungave nekuuraya maseru kana nekuamisa iwo kubva pakupatsanuka. Kana chemotherapy ikatorwa nemuromo kana kujowa mutsinga kana mhasuru, mishonga inopinda muropa uye inogona kusvika masero emukenza mumuviri wese (systemic chemotherapy). Kana chemotherapy ikaiswa yakanangana necerebrospinal fluid, nhengo, kana dumbu remuviri senge dumbu, mishonga inonyanya kukanganisa maseru ekenza munzvimbo idzodzo (chemotherapy yedunhu). Kune kenza yedundira, chemotherapy yedunhu inogona kuve intravesical (isa mudundira kuburikidza nechubhu yakaiswa murethra). Nzira iyo chemotherapy inopihwa inoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza iri kurapwa. Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa anopfuura imwe anticancer mushonga.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Gomarara redundira kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa immune system yemurwere kurwisa gomarara. Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana kugadzirwa murabhoritari zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira, kunongedza, kana kudzorera kudzivirira kwemuviri kurwisa kenza. Rudzi rwekurapa kenza urwu rwunonziwo biotherapy kana biologic therapy.

Kune akasiyana marudzi eunonotherapy:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: PD-1 inhibitors rudzi rwe immune checkpoint inhibitor kurapa kunoshandiswa pakurapa gomarara redundira. PD-1 ipuroteni iri pamusoro peT maseru ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Kana PD-1 yakanamatira kune imwe protein inonzi PDL-1 pane kenza kenza, inomisa iyo T cell kuuraya kenza kenza. PD-1 inhibitors inonamira kuPDL-1 uye inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya maseru ekenza. Pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, avelumab, uye durvalumab ndiwo marudzi ePD-1 inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint mapuroteni, akadai sePD-L1 pane maseru emota uye PD-1 pane T maseru, anobatsira kuchengetedza mhinduro dzemumuviri. Iko kusungwa kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 kunoita kuti masero eT arege kuuraya tumarara maseru mumuviri (kuruboshwe pani). Kuvhara kusunga kwePD-L1 kusvika PD-1 ine immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1 kana anti-PD-1) inobvumira iwo maseru eT kuuraya matumbo maseru (kurudyi pani).

Immunotherapy inoshandisa immune system kurwisa gomarara. Iyi mifananidzo inotsanangura imwe mhando yemununotherapy iyo inoshandisa immune checkpoint inhibitors kurapa cancer.

• BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin): Gomarara redundiro rinogona kurapwa nemushonga unodzivirira utachiona unonzi BCG. Iyo BCG inopihwa mumhinduro inoiswa yakananga mudundira uchishandisa catheter (yakatetepa chubhu).

Immunotherapy inoshandisa immune system kurwisa gomarara. Iyi nyowani inotsanangura imwe mhando yemununotherapy inonzi nonspecific immune kukurudzira iyo inoshandiswa kurapa cancer.

Ona Zvinodhaka Zvinotenderwa Gomarara redundira kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

Mhando nyowani dzekurapa dziri kuyedzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inowanikwa kubva kuNCI webhusaiti.

Kurapa kwegomarara redundira kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekurapwa kwegomarara, ona yedu Side Mhedzisiro peji.

Varwere vangangoda kufunga nezve kutora chikamu mukutora kiriniki.

Kune vamwe varwere, kutora chikamu mumuedzo wekiriniki inogona kunge iri sarudzo yekurapa yakanyanya kunaka. Kliniki miedzo chikamu chekenza tsvagiridzo. Zvemakiriniki miedzo inoitwa kuti uone kana marapirwo matsva egomarara akachengeteka uye achishanda kana zvirinani pane akajairwa kurapwa.

Mazhinji emazuva ano marapirwo akajairwa ekenza akavakirwa pamavambo emakiriniki ekuedzwa. Varwere vanotora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki vanogona kuwana kurapwa kwakaringana kana kuve pakati pevekutanga kurapwa kutsva.

Varwere vanotora chikamu mumiedzo yekiriniki zvakare vanobatsira kugadzirisa marapirwo achaitwa kenza mune ramangwana. Kunyangwe kana miedzo yemakiriniki isinga tangire kumarapirwo matsva anoshanda, anowanzo pindura mibvunzo yakakosha uye anobatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza.

Varwere vanogona kupinda mumakiriniki miedzo vasati, panguva, kana mushure mekutanga kwavo kenza kurapwa.

Mimwe miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira chete varwere vasati vagamuchira kurapwa. Mimwe miedzo yekuedza kurapwa kwevarwere vane kenza haina kuve nani. Kune mamwezve emakiriniki miedzo inoedza nzira nyowani dzekumisa cancer kubva kudzokororazve (kudzoka) kana kudzikisira mhedzisiro yemakenza kurapwa.

Kuedzwa kwemakiriniki kuri kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Ruzivo nezve kiriniki miedzo inotsigirwa neNCI inogona kuwanikwa paNCI yekiriniki miedzo yekutsvaga peji rewebhu. Kliniki miedzo inotsigirwa nemamwe masangano inogona kuwanikwa pane yeClinicalTrials.gov webhusaiti.

Yekutevera-bvunzo inogona kudikanwa.

Mimwe miedzo yakaitwa kuongorora gomarara kana kutsvaga danho rekenza inogona kudzokororwa. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinodzokororwa kuitira kuti vaone kuti kurapa kuri kushanda sei. Sarudzo nezvekuti uenderere mberi, shandura, kana kumisa kurapwa kunogona kunge kuchibva pamhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo.

Mimwe bvunzo ichaenderera ichiitwa nguva nenguva mushure mekunge kurapwa kwapera. Mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo inogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ako achinja kana kana gomarara radzoka (dzoka). Iyi bvunzo dzimwe nguva inonzi yekuteedzera-bvunzo kana kuongorora-kumusoro.

Gomarara redundiro rinowanzo dzoka (rinodzoka), kunyangwe kana gomarara riri pamusoro. Kuongororwa kweiyo weti turakiti kutarisa kudzokororwa kwakajairika mushure mekuongororwa kwekenza yedundira. Kuongorora kuri kunyatso tarisa mamiriro emurwere asi kusapa chero kurapwa kunze kwekunge paine shanduko mune bvunzo mhinduro dzinoratidza kuti mamiriro ari kuramba achiwedzera. Munguva yekuongorora kwakashanda, mimwe bvunzo nemiedzo zvinoitwa pane yakajairwa nguva. Kuongorora kunogona kusanganisira ureteroscopy uye imaging bvunzo. Ona bvunzo dzekumisikidza, pamusoro.

Kurapa Sarudzo nedanho

n Ichi Chikamu

• Chikamu 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma uye Carcinoma muSitu)
• Stage I Cancer Yechiropa
• Matanho II uye III Cancer Cancer
• Chikamu cheCancer Bladder Cancer
• Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Chikamu 0 (Noninvasive Papillary Carcinoma uye Carcinoma muSitu)

Kurapa kwechitsauko 0 (noninvasive papillary carcinoma uye carcinoma in situ) zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Transurethral resection nekuzara. Izvi zvinogona kuteverwa neimwe yeanotevera:

• Intravesical chemotherapy yakapihwa chaipo mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
• Intravesical chemotherapy yakapihwa chaipo mushure mekuvhiyiwa uyezve kurapwa kwakajairika ne intravesical BCG kana intravesical chemotherapy.

• Kusarura cystectomy.
• Radical cystectomy.
• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Stage I Cancer Yechiropa

Kurapa kwedanho I kenza yedundira inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Transurethral resection nekuzara. Izvi zvinogona kuteverwa neimwe yeanotevera:

  Intravesical chemotherapy yakapihwa chaipo mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

  Intravesical chemotherapy yakapihwa chaipo mushure mekuvhiyiwa uyezve kurapwa kwakajairika ne intravesical BCG kana intravesical chemotherapy.

• Kusarura cystectomy.
• Radical cystectomy.
• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Matanho II uye III Cancer Cancer

Kurapa kwematanho II uye III kenza yemudumbu inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Radical cystectomy.
• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy kunoteverwa neyakaipisisa cystectomy. Kudhirowa kweweti kunogona kuitwa.
• External radiation therapy ine kana isina chemotherapy.
• Chikamu cystectomy ine kana isina chemotherapy.
• Transurethral resection nekuzara.
• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Chikamu cheCancer Bladder Cancer

Kurapa kwedanho IV gomarara redundira iro risina kupararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy.

• Radical cystectomy yoga kana kuteverwa nekemotherapy.

• External radiation therapy ine kana isina chemotherapy.

• Urinary diversion kana cystectomy senge palliative kurapwa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Kurapa kwekenza IV kenza yedundira yakapararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, senge mapapu, pfupa, kana chiropa, inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy pamwe kana pasina kurapwa kwemuno (kuvhiya kana radiation radiation).

• Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor kurapa).

• Kunze kweradiotherapy kurapwa senge palliative kurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye kugadzirisa hupenyu

• Urinary diversion kana cystectomy senge palliative kurapwa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.

• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwemishonga mitsva inorwisa cancer.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kurapa Sarudzo dzeKunowanzoitika Bladder Cancer

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve marapirwo akanyorwa pazasi, ona iyo Chikamu Sarudzo Yekutarisa Chikamu.

Kurapa kwegomarara redundiro rinodzokororwa kunoenderana nekurapwa kwakapfuura uye nekenza yadzokazve Kurapa kwekenza yemukaka inodzokororwa inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kusanganiswa chemotherapy.
• Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor kurapa).
• Kuvhiya kwemapundu ekunze kana enzvimbo. Kuvhiya kunogona kuteverwa ne biologic therapy uye / kana chemotherapy.
• Radiation kurapa senge palliative kurapa kubvisa zviratidzo uye nekuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.
• Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwekurapwa kutsva.

Shandisa yedu kiriniki yekuyedza kutsvaga kutsvaga NCI-yakatsigirwa kenza kiriniki miedzo iri kugamuchira varwere. Unogona kutsvaga miedzo zvichibva parudzi rwecancer, zera remurwere, uye iko kunoitwa miyedzo. Ruzhinji ruzivo nezve zvekuedzwa zvekiriniki zvakare zviripo.

Kuti Udzidze Zvakawanda Nezve Kenza Yechiropa

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute nezve gomarara redundiro, ona zvinotevera:

• Gomarara redundira Peji Peji
• Bladder uye Imwe Urothelial Cancers Kuongorora
• Zvisina kujairika Cancers zveVana Kurapa
• Mishonga Inotenderwa YeCancer Yechiropa
• Biological Therapies yeCancer
• Fodya (inosanganisira rubatsiro nekurega)

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekenza uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kubva kuNational Cancer Institute, ona zvinotevera:

• Nezve Kenza
• Stage
• Chemotherapy uye Iwe: Tsigiro Yevanhu Vane Kenza
• Radiation Therapy uye Iwe: Rutsigiro rweVanhu Vane Kenza
• Kurarama neCancer
• Mibvunzo Yekubvunza Wako Chiremba nezveCancer
• Kune Vakapona uye Vanotarisira

Nezve Iyi Pfupiso

Nezve

Chiremba Dhata Query () ndeye National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) yakazara kenza ruzivo ruzivo. Dhatabhesi ye ine pfupiso yeruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro pekudzivirira gomarara, kuona, genetics, kurapwa, kuchengetedzwa kwekutsigira, uye mushonga unowirirana uye unotsiva. Mazhinji pfupiso anouya mushanduro mbiri. Iwo ehutano nyanzvi shanduro dzine ruzivo rwakadzama rwakanyorwa muhunyanzvi mutauro. Shanduro dzevarwere dzakanyorwa zviri nyore kunzwisisa, mutauro usingashandise hunyanzvi. MaBhaibheri ese ari maviri ane ruzivo rwegomarara rwakarurama uye rwuri parizvino uye shanduro zhinji dzinowanikwa muchiSpanish.

ibasa reNCI. Iyo NCI chikamu cheNational Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH inzvimbo yehurumende yemubatanidzwa yekutsvagisa biomedical. Idzo pfupiso dze dzinovakirwa pakazvimiririra ongororo yezvinyorwa zvekurapa. Haasi iwo marongero emutemo eNCI kana iyo NIH.

Chinangwa cheichi Chidimbu

Iyi pfupiso yeruzivo rwegomarara rwe ine ruzivo rwezvino nezve kurapwa kwekenza yedundira Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuzivisa uye kubatsira varwere, mhuri, uye vanochengeta. Izvo hazvipe zvakarongeka nhungamiro kana kurudziro yekuita sarudzo nezve hutano hutano.

Vaongorori uye maDudziro

Edhisheni Mabhodhi anonyora iyo kenza ruzivo rwekupfupisa uye nekuzvichengeta zviri zvechizvino-zvino. Aya maBhodi akaumbwa nenyanzvi mukurapa gomarara uyehumwe hunyanzvi hune hukama negomarara. Idzo pfupiso dzinoongororwa kazhinji uye shanduko dzinoitwa kana paine ruzivo rutsva. Zuva pane pfupiso yega yega ("Yakagadziridzwa") izuva rekuchinja kwazvino.

Ruzivo rwuri muchidimbu chevarwere rwakatorwa kubva kuhutano nyanzvi vhezheni, iyo inoongororwa nguva zhinji uye kuvandudzwa sezvinodiwa, ne Adult Treatment Edhiyo Board.

Clinical Kuedzwa Ruzivo

A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.

Clinical trials can be found online at NCI's website. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Permission to Use This Summary

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