Ubwoko / tiroyide / umurwayi / tiroyide-ivura-pdq
Ibirimo
Kuvura Kanseri ya Tiyideyide (Abakuze) (®) - Indwara y'abarwayi
Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri ya Tiroyide
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Kanseri ya tiroyide ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za glande ya tiroyide.
- Indwara ya tiroyide irasanzwe ariko mubisanzwe ntabwo ari kanseri.
- Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Imyaka, igitsina, no guhura nimirase birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Indwara ya kanseri ya Medullary rimwe na rimwe iterwa no guhindura gene iva ku babyeyi ikajya ku mwana.
- Ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya tiroyide harimo kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu ijosi.
- Ibizamini bisuzuma tiroyide, ijosi, n'amaraso bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.
Kanseri ya tiroyide ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za glande ya tiroyide.
Tiroyide ni glande munsi yumuhogo hafi ya trachea (umuyaga). Ifite nk'ikinyugunyugu, ifite iburyo n'ibumoso. Isthmus, agace gato cyane, gahuza lobes ebyiri. Tiroyide nzima nini cyane kurenza kimwe cya kane. Mubisanzwe ntibishobora kumvikana kuruhu.
Tiroyide ikoresha iyode, imyunyu ngugu iboneka mu biribwa bimwe na bimwe ndetse no mu munyu wa iyode, kugira ngo ifashe gukora imisemburo myinshi. Imisemburo ya tiroyide ikora ibi bikurikira:
- Igenzura umuvuduko wumutima, ubushyuhe bwumubiri, nuburyo ibiryo bihinduka vuba imbaraga (metabolism).
- Igenzura ingano ya calcium mu maraso.
Indwara ya tiroyide irasanzwe ariko mubisanzwe ntabwo ari kanseri.
Muganga wawe arashobora kubona ikibyimba (nodule) muri tiroyide mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha bisanzwe. Indwara ya tiroyide ni imikurire idasanzwe ya selile ya tiroyide. Nodules irashobora kuba ikomeye cyangwa yuzuye amazi.
Iyo habonetse tiroyide ya tiroyide, ultrasound ya tiroyide hamwe na biopsy ya inshinge nziza irakorwa kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Kwipimisha amaraso kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwa hormone ya tiroyide no kuri antibodiyite za antithyide mu maraso birashobora kandi gukorwa kugirango harebwe ubundi bwoko bwindwara ya tiroyide.
Indwara ya tiroyide ntishobora gutera ibimenyetso cyangwa gukenera kuvurwa. Rimwe na rimwe, tiroyide ya tiroyide iba nini bihagije ku buryo bigoye kumira cyangwa guhumeka kandi hakenewe ibizamini byinshi no kuvura. Gusa umubare muto wa tiroyide ya tiroyide basuzumwa nka kanseri.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri ya tiroyide.
Kanseri ya tiroyide irashobora gusobanurwa nka:
- Kanseri itandukanye ya tiroyide, ikubiyemo ibibyimba bitandukanijwe neza, ibibyimba bitandukanijwe nabi, n'ibibyimba bitandukanijwe; cyangwa
- Kanseri ya Medullary.
Ibibyimba bitandukanijwe neza (kanseri ya papillary tiroyide na kanseri ya tiroyide ya tiroyide) irashobora kuvurwa kandi irashobora gukira.
Ibibyimba bitandukanijwe nabi kandi bitandukanijwe (kanseri ya anaplastique ya tiroyide) ntibisanzwe. Ibibyimba bikura kandi bigakwirakwira vuba kandi bifite amahirwe make yo gukira. Abarwayi barwaye kanseri ya anaplastique ya tiroyide bagomba kwipimisha molekuline kugirango bahindure gene ya BRAF.
Kanseri ya Medullary tiroyide ni ikibyimba cya neuroendocrine gikura muri selile C ya tiroyide. Ingirabuzimafatizo C ikora imisemburo (calcitonine) ifasha kugumana urugero rwiza rwa calcium mumaraso.
Reba incamake ya kubijyanye no kuvura Kanseri Yumwana Yumwana Kumakuru yerekeye kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwana.
Imyaka, igitsina, no guhura nimirase birashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya tiroyide.
Ikintu cyose cyongera ibyago byo kwandura byitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga.
Impamvu zishobora gutera kanseri ya tiroyide zirimo ibi bikurikira:
- Kuba hagati yimyaka 25 na 65.
- Kuba igitsina gore.
- Guhura nimirasire kumutwe no mumajosi nkumwana cyangwa umwana cyangwa guhura na radio. Kanseri irashobora kubaho mugihe cyimyaka 5 nyuma yo guhura.
- Kugira amateka ya goiter (tiroyide yagutse).
- Kugira amateka yumuryango indwara ya tiroyide cyangwa kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe nka kanseri yo mu bwoko bwa medullary ya tiroyide (FMTC), endoprine neoplasia yo mu bwoko bwa 2A syndrome (MEN2A), cyangwa syndrome ya endocrine neoplasia yo mu bwoko bwa 2B (MEN2B).
- Kuba Aziya.
Indwara ya kanseri ya Medullary rimwe na rimwe iterwa no guhindura gene iva ku babyeyi ikajya ku mwana.
Ingirabuzimafatizo ziri mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitwara amakuru ku murage kuva ku babyeyi kugeza ku mwana. Impinduka runaka muri RET gene yanduye kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kumwana (yarazwe) irashobora gutera kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary.
Hariho ikizamini cya genetike gikoreshwa mugusuzuma gene yahinduwe. Umurwayi abanza gupimwa kugirango arebe niba afite gene yahinduwe. Niba umurwayi ayifite, abandi bagize umuryango nabo barashobora kwipimisha kugirango bamenye niba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri ya tiroyide. Abagize umuryango, harimo nabana bato, bahinduye gene barashobora kugira tiroyide (kubagwa kugirango bakure tiroyide). Ibi birashobora kugabanya amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri ya tiroyide.
Ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya tiroyide harimo kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu ijosi.
Kanseri ya tiroyide ntishobora gutera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso hakiri kare. Rimwe na rimwe usanga mugihe cyizamini gisanzwe cyumubiri. Ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho mugihe ikibyimba kiba kinini. Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bimwe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
- Ikibyimba (nodule) mu ijosi.
- Guhumeka.
- Kumira ibibazo.
- Kubabara iyo umira.
- Gutontoma.
Ibizamini bisuzuma tiroyide, ijosi, n'amaraso bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma kanseri ya tiroyide.
Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:
- Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo kugenzura ibimenyetso byindwara, nk'ibibyimba (nodules) cyangwa kubyimba mu ijosi, agasanduku k'ijwi, na lymph node, n'ibindi byose bisa nkibidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.
- Laryngoscopy: Uburyo umuganga asuzuma inzara (agasanduku k'ijwi) akoresheje indorerwamo cyangwa laryngoscope. Laryngoscope nigikoresho cyoroshye, gisa nigituba gifite urumuri na lens yo kureba. Ikibyimba cya tiroyide irashobora gukanda ku majwi. Laryngoscopy ikorwa kugirango irebe niba imigozi yijwi igenda bisanzwe.
- Ubushakashatsi bw’imisemburo yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano ya hormone zimwe na zimwe zisohoka mumaraso ningingo hamwe nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara mumubiri cyangwa tissue ituma. Amaraso arashobora kugenzurwa kugirango adasanzwe ya hormone itera tiroyide (TSH). TSH ikorwa na glande ya pituito mu bwonko. Itera irekurwa rya hormone ya tiroyide kandi ikagenzura uburyo selile ya tiroyide ikura vuba. Amaraso arashobora kandi gusuzumwa kugirango habeho imisemburo myinshi ya calcitonine na antibodiyide antithyide.
- Ubushakashatsi bwa chimie yamaraso: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime urugero rwibintu bimwe na bimwe, nka calcium, bisohoka mumaraso ningingo nuduce twumubiri. Umubare udasanzwe (uri hejuru cyangwa uri munsi yubusanzwe) ibintu bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyindwara.
- Ikizamini cya Ultrasound: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi menshi y’amajwi (ultrasound) asohoka mu ngingo cyangwa imbere mu ijosi agakora echo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram. Ishusho irashobora gucapurwa kugirango irebe nyuma. Ubu buryo burashobora kwerekana ubunini bwa tiroyide ya tiroyide kandi niba ikomeye cyangwa cyst yuzuye amazi. Ultrasound irashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora neza-inshinge nziza ya biopsy.
- CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkijosi, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.
- Biopsy nziza-inshinge nziza ya tiroyide: Gukuraho ingirangingo ya tiroyide ukoresheje urushinge ruto. Urushinge rwinjizwa mu ruhu muri tiroyide. Ingero nyinshi za tissue zivanwa mubice bitandukanye bya tiroyide. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ireba ingirabuzimafatizo ziri munsi ya microscope kugira ngo ishakishe kanseri. Kubera ko ubwoko bwa kanseri ya tiroyide ishobora kugorana kuyisuzuma, abarwayi bagomba gusaba ko bapima biopsy bapimwe na patologue ufite uburambe bwo gusuzuma kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Surgical biopsy: Kurandura tiroyide ya tiroyide cyangwa lobe imwe ya tiroyide mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango selile nuduce bishobora kurebwa munsi ya microscope na patologue kugirango barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Kubera ko ubwoko bwa kanseri ya tiroyide ishobora kugorana kuyisuzuma, abarwayi bagomba gusaba ko bapima biopsy bapimwe na patologue ufite uburambe bwo gusuzuma kanseri ya tiroyide.
Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.
Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:
- Imyaka yumurwayi mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha.
- Ubwoko bwa kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Intambwe ya kanseri.
- Niba kanseri yarakuweho burundu no kubagwa.
- Niba umurwayi afite endoprine neoplasia nyinshi ubwoko bwa 2B (ABAGABO 2B).
- Ubuzima rusange bwumurwayi.
- Niba kanseri imaze gupimwa cyangwa yagarutse (garuka).
Ibyiciro bya Kanseri ya Thyideyide
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Kanseri ya tiroyide imaze gupimwa, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri tiroyide cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.
- Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.
- Ibyiciro bikoreshwa mugusobanura kanseri ya tiroyide ishingiye ku bwoko bwa kanseri ya tiroyide n'imyaka y'umurwayi:
- Kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide ku barwayi barengeje imyaka 55
- Kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide ku barwayi bafite imyaka 55 nayirenga
- Kanseri ya Anaplastique ya tiroyide ku barwayi b'ingeri zose
- Kanseri ya Medullary ya tiroyide ku barwayi b'ingeri zose
Kanseri ya tiroyide imaze gupimwa, hakorwa ibizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri tiroyide cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye muri tiroyide cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa kubika. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya imyaka yumurwayi nicyiciro cya kanseri kugirango utegure kuvurwa.
Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura:
- CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkigituza, inda, nubwonko, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.
- Ikizamini cya Ultrasound: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi menshi y’amajwi (ultrasound) asohoka mu ngingo cyangwa mu ngingo imbere hanyuma agasubiramo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram. Ishusho irashobora gucapurwa kugirango irebe nyuma.
- Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.
- Gusikana amagufwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba mu magufwa hari selile zigabanya vuba, nka selile kanseri. Umubare muto cyane wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyiriza mu magufa hamwe na kanseri kandi bigaragazwa na scaneri.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Gukuraho lymph node ya sentinel mugihe cyo kubagwa. Sentinel lymph node niyambere ya lymph node mumatsinda ya lymph node yakira amazi ya lymphatique ava mubyimba byambere. Nibwo bwa mbere lymph node kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira kuva ikibyimba kibanza. Ikintu gikoresha radiyo na / cyangwa irangi ry'ubururu batewe inshinge hafi yikibyimba. Ibintu cyangwa irangi bitembera mumiyoboro ya lymph node. Lymph ya mbere yakira ibintu cyangwa irangi bivanwaho. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ireba ingirangingo ziri munsi ya microscope kugira ngo ishakishe kanseri. Niba kanseri ya kanseri itabonetse, ntibishobora kuba ngombwa gukuraho izindi lymph node.
Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.
Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:
- Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.
- Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.
Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.
- Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.
- Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.
Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri ya tiroyide ikwirakwira mu bihaha, selile ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile ya tiroyide. Indwara ni kanseri ya tiroyide metastatike, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.
Ibyiciro bikoreshwa mugusobanura kanseri ya tiroyide ishingiye ku bwoko bwa kanseri ya tiroyide n'imyaka y'umurwayi:
Kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide ku barwayi barengeje imyaka 55
- Icyiciro cya I: Mu cyiciro cya I kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi gishobora kuba cyarakwirakwiriye mu ngingo zegeranye na lymph node. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Icyiciro cya II: Mu cyiciro cya II kanseri ya papillary na follicular kanseri ya tiroyide, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ngingo zegeranye na lymph node. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye muri tiroyide no mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha cyangwa amagufwa.
Kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide ku barwayi bafite imyaka 55 nayirenga
- Icyiciro cya I: Mu cyiciro cya I kanseri ya papillary na follicular tiroyide, kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide gusa kandi ikibyimba gifite santimetero 4 cyangwa nto.
- Icyiciro cya II: Mu cyiciro cya II kanseri ya papillary na folicular tiroyide, imwe muri izi zikurikira:
- kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide kandi ikibyimba ni santimetero 4 cyangwa nto; kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node; cyangwa
- kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide, ikibyimba kirenze santimetero 4, kandi kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node; cyangwa
- ikibyimba nubunini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide igera kumitsi iri hafi yijosi kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node.
- Stage III: Mu rwego III papillary na follicular kanseri tiroyide, mu ikibyimba ni cyose Ingano: na kanseri afite rukwira mu muhogo kugira zizahabwe soft munsi y'uruhu, uwo esophagus, mu n'umuyoboro, mu muhogo, cyangwa isanzwe laryngeal nsozabwenge (a nsozabwenge ko agiye ku muhogo). Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
- Icyiciro cya IV: Icyiciro cya IV papillary na kanseri ya tiroyide igabanijwemo ibice IVA na IVB.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVA, ikibyimba nubunini bwose kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mubice imbere yumugongo cyangwa yazengurutse imiyoboro y'amaraso cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso iri hagati y'ibihaha. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVB, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha cyangwa amagufwa. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
Kanseri ya Anaplastique ya tiroyide ku barwayi b'ingeri zose
Kanseri ya Anaplastique ya tiroyide ikura vuba kandi mubisanzwe ikwirakwira mu ijosi iyo ibonetse. Kanseri ya Anaplastique ya tiroyide ifatwa nka kanseri ya kane ya tiroyide. Icyiciro cya IV kanseri ya anaplastique ya tiroyide igabanijwemo ibyiciro IVA, IVB, na IVC.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVA, kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide gusa kandi ikibyimba gishobora kuba kingana.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVB, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kiboneka:
- kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide kandi ikibyimba gishobora kuba kinini; kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node; cyangwa
- ikibyimba nubunini bwose kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide igera kumitsi iri hafi yijosi kandi irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node; cyangwa
- ikibyimba nubunini bwose kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide igera kumubiri woroshye munsi yuruhu, esofagusi, trachea, larynx, imitsi yisubiramo (nervice ijya mumatongo), cyangwa tissue imbere yumugongo, cyangwa yazengurutse imiyoboro ya karoti cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso mu gice kiri hagati y'ibihaha; kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVC, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha cyangwa amagufwa. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
Kanseri ya Medullary ya tiroyide ku barwayi b'ingeri zose
- Icyiciro cya I: Mu cyiciro cya I medullary kanseri ya tiroyide, kanseri iboneka muri tiroyide gusa kandi ikibyimba gifite santimetero 2 cyangwa nto.
- Icyiciro cya II: Mu cyiciro cya II kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary, imwe muri izi zikurikira:
- kanseri iri muri tiroyide gusa kandi ikibyimba kirenze santimetero 2; cyangwa
- ikibyimba nubunini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide igera kumitsi iri hafi yijosi.
- Icyiciro cya III: Mu cyiciro cya III kanseri ya medullary ya tiroyide, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide ikagera ku mitsi iri hafi y'ijosi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi za trachea cyangwa larynx.
- Icyiciro cya IV: Icyiciro cya IV kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary igabanijwemo ibyiciro IVA, IVB, na IVC.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVA, kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kiboneka:
- ikibyimba ni ubunini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide ikagera ku ngingo zoroshye munsi y'uruhu, esofagusi, trachea, urwungano ngogozi, cyangwa imitsi yisubiramo (imitsi ijya mu muhogo); kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zijosi; cyangwa
- ikibyimba kingana na kanseri ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye kuva tiroyide ikagera kumitsi iri hafi yijosi; kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri lymph node kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zijosi.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVB, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mubiri imbere y'uruti rw'umugongo cyangwa mu ruti rw'umugongo cyangwa yazengurutse imiyoboro y'amaraso cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso iri hagati y'ibihaha. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
- Mu cyiciro cya IVC, ikibyimba ni kinini kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'ibihaha cyangwa umwijima. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira.
Kanseri Yisubiramo
Kanseri ya tiroyide isubirwamo ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kanseri ya tiroyide irashobora kugaruka muri tiroyide cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Incamake yo kuvura
INGINGO Z'INGENZI
- Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi ba kanseri ya tiroyide.
- Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:
- Kubaga
- Ubuvuzi bwimirasire, harimo kuvura iyode ivura radio
- Chimoterapi
- Ubuvuzi bwa tiroyide
- Ubuvuzi bugamije
- Gutegereza neza
- Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.
- Immunotherapy
- Umuti wa kanseri ya tiroyide urashobora gutera ingaruka.
- Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.
- Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.
- Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi ba kanseri ya tiroyide.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye kanseri ya tiroyide. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.
Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:
Kubaga
Kubaga nubuvuzi bukunze kugaragara kuri kanseri ya tiroyide. Bumwe mu buryo bukurikira burashobora gukoreshwa:
- Lobectomy: Gukuraho lobe kanseri ya tiroyide iboneka. Indimu ya Lymph hafi ya kanseri irashobora kandi gukurwaho no kugenzurwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
- Hafi ya tiroyideyose: Gukuraho byose ariko agace gato cyane ka tiroyide. Indimu ya Lymph hafi ya kanseri irashobora kandi gukurwaho no kugenzurwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
- Indwara ya tiroyide yose: Gukuraho tiroyide yose. Indimu ya Lymph hafi ya kanseri irashobora kandi gukurwaho no kugenzurwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
- Tracheostomy: Kubaga kugirango ufungure (stoma) mumuyaga kugirango bigufashe guhumeka. Gufungura ubwabyo birashobora nanone kwitwa tracheostomy.
Ubuvuzi bwimirasire, harimo kuvura iyode ivura radio
Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:
- Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri. Rimwe na rimwe, imirasire iba yibasiye ikibyimba mugihe cyo kubagwa. Ibi byitwa intraoperative therapy therapy.
- Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.
Imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gutangwa nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango yice kanseri iyo ari yo yose ya kanseri itavanyweho. Kanseri ya Follicular na papillary tiroyide rimwe na rimwe ivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa radiyo ikora iyode (RAI). RAI ifatwa kumunwa igakusanya mubice byose bya tiroyide isigaye, harimo kanseri ya kanseri ya tiroyide yakwirakwiriye ahandi mu mubiri. Kubera ko tiroyide yonyine ifata iyode, RAI isenya tiroyide na tiroyide ya kanseri ya tiroyide itiriwe yangiza izindi ngingo. Mbere yuko imiti yuzuye ya RAI itangwa, hatanzwe test-dose kugirango barebe niba ikibyimba gifata iyode.
Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Imiti ivura imishwarara yo hanze hamwe na radiyo ikora iyode (RAI) ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide.
Chimoterapi
Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi yubwonko, urugingo, cyangwa umwobo wumubiri nkinda, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere (chimiotherapie yo mukarere).
Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa.
Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri ya Thyideyide kubindi bisobanuro.
Ubuvuzi bwa tiroyide
Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone nubuvuzi bwa kanseri bukuraho imisemburo cyangwa ikabuza ibikorwa byayo kandi ikabuza kanseri gukura. Hormone ni ibintu bikozwe na glande mu mubiri kandi bikwirakwizwa mu maraso. Mu kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide, imiti irashobora gutangwa kugirango ibuze umubiri gukora imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH), imisemburo ishobora kongera amahirwe yuko kanseri ya tiroyide ikura cyangwa ikongera.
Na none, kubera ko kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide byica selile, tiroyide ntishobora gukora imisemburo ihagije ya tiroyide. Abarwayi bahabwa ibinini byo gusimbuza imisemburo ya tiroyide.
Ubuvuzi bugamije
Ubuvuzi bugamije ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu kugirango umenye kandi utere kanseri yihariye ya kanseri utangiza ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor ivura ibuza ibimenyetso bikenewe kugirango ibibyimba bikure. Sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib, na cabozantinib bikoreshwa mu kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri ya tiroyide. Ubwoko bushya bwa tyrosine kinase inhibitor burimo kwigwa kugirango bivure kanseri yateye imbere.
- Protein kinase inhibitor. Protein kinase inhibitor ivura ihagarika poroteyine zikenewe mu mikurire ya selile kandi zishobora kwica kanseri. Dabrafenib na trametinib bikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide ya anaplastique ku barwayi bafite ihinduka runaka muri gene ya BRAF.
Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri ya Thyideyide kubindi bisobanuro.
Gutegereza neza
Gutegereza witonze ni ugukurikiranira hafi uko umurwayi ameze atabanje kwivuza kugeza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara cyangwa bihindutse.
Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumurwayi kurwanya kanseri. Ibintu bikozwe numubiri cyangwa bikozwe muri laboratoire bikoreshwa mukuzamura, kuyobora, cyangwa kugarura umubiri kamere irinda kanseri. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura kanseri nabwo bwitwa biotherapy cyangwa biologique therapy. Immunotherapy iri kwigwa nkumuti wa kanseri ya tiroyide.
Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.
Umuti wa kanseri ya tiroyide urashobora gutera ingaruka.
Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.
Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.
Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.
Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.
Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.
Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.
Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.
Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.
Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.
Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.
Amahitamo yo Kuvura Icyiciro
Muri iki gice
- Icyiciro cya I, II, na III Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Thyideyide (Yegereye / Akarere)
- Icyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Thyideyide (Metastatike)
- Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Kanseri
- Kanseri ya Medullary
- Kanseri ya Anaplastique
Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.
Icyiciro cya I, II, na III Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Thyideyide (Yegereye / Akarere)
Kuvura icyiciro cya I (abatarengeje imyaka 55; imyaka 55 nayirenga), icyiciro cya II (abatarengeje imyaka 55; imyaka 55 nayirenga), hamwe nicyiciro cya III kanseri ya papillary na kanseri ya tiroyide irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Kubaga (thyroidectomy cyangwa lobectomy).
- Ubuvuzi bwa iyode.
- Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone kugirango wirinde umubiri gukora imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH).
- Ubuvuzi bwo hanze.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Icyiciro cya IV Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Thyideyide (Metastatike)
Iyo kanseri imaze gukwirakwira ahandi mu mubiri, nk'ibihaha n'amagufwa, ubuvuzi ntabwo bukiza kanseri, ariko burashobora kugabanya ibimenyetso no kuzamura imibereho. Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya IV papillary na folicular tiroyide irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
Kubibyimba bifata iyode
- Indwara ya tiroyide yose.
- Ubuvuzi bwa iyode.
- Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone kugirango wirinde umubiri gukora imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH).
Kubibyimba bidafata iyode
- Indwara ya tiroyide yose.
- Ubuvuzi bwa Hormone kugirango wirinde umubiri gukora imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH).
- Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib cyangwa lenvatinib).
- Kubaga kugirango ukure kanseri ahantu yakwirakwiriye.
- Imiti ivura imirasire yo hanze.
- Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie.
- Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubuvuzi bugamije.
- Igeragezwa rya kliniki yo gukingira indwara.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kanseri ya Papillary na Follicular Kanseri
Kuvura kanseri ya papillary na kanseri ya tiroyide ishobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Kubaga kugirango ukureho ikibyimba cyangwa udafite radiyo ivura iyode.
- Ubuvuzi bwa iyode ivura radiyo mugihe kanseri ishobora kuboneka gusa na tiroyide ya tiroyide kandi ntishobora kumvikana mugihe cyizamini cyumubiri.
- Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib cyangwa lenvatinib).
- Imiti ivura imishwarara yo hanze cyangwa imiti ivura imishwarara nka palliative therapy kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kandi izamure ubuzima.
- Chimoterapi.
- Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubuvuzi bugamije.
- Igeragezwa rya kliniki yo gukingira indwara.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kanseri ya Medullary
Indwara ya kanseri ya medullary ya tiroyide iri muri tiroyide gusa kandi irashobora gukwirakwira mumitsi iri hafi yijosi. Indwara ya kanseri ya tiroyide yateye imbere kandi ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'ijosi cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide ya medullary irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:
- Tiroyideyose yuzuye niba kanseri itakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri. Lymph node hafi ya kanseri nayo ikurwaho.
- Imiti yo hanze ivura abarwayi bafite kanseri yagarutse muri tiroyide.
Kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide yateye imbere / metastatic medullary irashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:
- Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na tyrosine kinase inhibitor (vandetanib cyangwa cabozantinib) kuri kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice byumubiri.
- Chimiotherapie nk'ubuvuzi bwa palliative kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kandi izamure ubuzima bw'abarwayi kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
Ubuvuzi bwa iyode ikoreshwa na radiyo ntabwo bukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya medullary.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kanseri ya Anaplastique
Ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:
- Indwara ya tiroyideyose nk'ubuvuzi bwa palliative kugirango igabanye ibimenyetso kandi izamure ubuzima bw'abarwayi bafite kanseri iri muri tiroyide cyangwa hafi yayo.
- Tracheostomy nkubuvuzi bwa palliative kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso kandi uzamure ubuzima.
- Ubuvuzi bwo hanze.
- Chimoterapi.
- Ubuvuzi bugamije hamwe na protein kinase inhibitor (dabrafenib na trametinib) kubarwayi bafite mutation runaka muri gen ya BRAF.
Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.
Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri ya Thyideyide
Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri ya tiroyide, reba ibi bikurikira:
- Kanseri ya Thyideyide Urupapuro
- Kuvura Kanseri yo mu bwana
- Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri ya Thyideyide
- Intego zo kuvura Kanseri
- Kwipimisha genetike ya Syndromes Yarazwe Kanseri
Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:
- Ibyerekeye Kanseri
- Gutegura
- Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri
- Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri
- Guhangana na Kanseri
- Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri
- Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi
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