Ubwoko / testicular / umurwayi / testicular-kuvura-pdq

Indwara ya Kanseri ya Testicular

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Kanseri Yumuti

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Kanseri y'udukoko ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'umubiri umwe cyangwa zombi.

• Amateka yubuzima arashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya testicular.

• Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri yibibyimba harimo kubyimba cyangwa kutamererwa neza muri scrotum.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma intangangabo n'amaraso bikoreshwa mugutahura (gushakisha) no gusuzuma kanseri yibibondo.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

• Umuti wa kanseri ya testicular urashobora gutera ubugumba.

Kanseri y'udukoko ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo z'umubiri umwe cyangwa zombi.

Amabya ni glande 2 zimeze nkamagi ziri imbere muri scrotum (umufuka wuruhu rworoshye ruri munsi yimboro). Intangangore zifatirwa muri scrotum nu mugozi wintanga, urimo na vas deferens hamwe nimiyoboro hamwe nimitsi ya testicles.

Anatomy ya sisitemu yimyororokere yumugabo ninkari, yerekana intangangabo, prostate, uruhago, nizindi ngingo.

Amabya ni glande yumugabo kandi akora testosterone nintanga. Ingirabuzimafatizo ziri mu ntangangore zitanga intanga zidakuze zinyura mu muyoboro w'igituba (utubuto duto) hamwe n'igituba kinini muri epididymis (umuyoboro muremure ufatanye iruhande rw'intangangore) aho intanga zikuze zikabikwa.

Kanseri hafi ya zose zitangirira muri selile. Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwibibyimba bya selile mikorobe ni seminoma na nonseminoma. Ubu bwoko 2 bukura kandi bukwirakwira ukundi kandi bufatwa ukundi. Nonseminoma ikunda gukura no gukwirakwira vuba kuruta seminoma. Seminomasi yunvikana cyane kumirasire. Ikibyimba cya testicular kirimo seminoma na selile nonseminoma zifatwa nka nonseminoma.

Kanseri y'udukoko ni kanseri ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo bafite hagati y'imyaka 20 na 35.

Amateka yubuzima arashobora kugira ingaruka kuri kanseri ya testicular.

Ikintu cyose cyongera amahirwe yo kwandura indwara cyitwa impanuka. Kugira ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri; kutagira ibyago bishobora gusobanura ko utazarwara kanseri. Vugana na muganga wawe niba utekereza ko ushobora guhura n'akaga. Impamvu zishobora gutera kanseri ya testicular zirimo:

• Kugira intangangore idasobanutse.

• Kugira iterambere ridasanzwe ryintangangore.

• Kugira amateka yihariye ya kanseri yibura.

• Kugira amateka yumuryango wa kanseri yibura (cyane cyane muri se cyangwa umuvandimwe).

• Kuba umweru.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya kanseri yibibyimba harimo kubyimba cyangwa kutamererwa neza muri scrotum.

Ibi bimenyetso nibindi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa na kanseri yintangangore cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga wawe niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba kitagira ububabare cyangwa kubyimba haba muri testicle.

• Guhindura muburyo testicle yumva.

• Ububabare butagaragara mu nda yo hepfo cyangwa mu kibero.

• Kwiyongera gutunguranye kwamazi muri scrotum.

• Kubabara cyangwa kutamererwa neza muri testicle cyangwa muri scrotum.

Ibizamini bisuzuma intangangabo n'amaraso bikoreshwa mugutahura (gushakisha) no gusuzuma kanseri yibibondo.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Intangangore zizasuzumwa kugirango harebwe ibibyimba, kubyimba, cyangwa ububabare. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound cyibizamini: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu majwi y’amajwi menshi (ultrasound) asohoka mu ngingo cyangwa mu ngingo z'imbere hanyuma agasubiramo. Ijwi ryerekana ishusho yumubiri wumubiri witwa sonogram.

• Ikizamini cya serumu yibibyimba: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo, ingirangingo, cyangwa selile yibibyimba mumubiri. Ibintu bimwe bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa kanseri iyo bibonetse mubwiyongere bwamaraso. Ibi byitwa ibimenyetso byerekana ibibyimba. Ibimenyetso byibibyimba bikurikira bikoreshwa mugutahura kanseri yintangangore:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• Beta-muntu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

Ibipimo bya Tumor bipimwa mbere ya inguinal orchiectomy na biopsy, kugirango bifashe gusuzuma kanseri yibura.

• Orchiectomy Inguinal: Uburyo bwo gukuraho intangangore zose binyuze mu gutemagura. Urugero rwa tissue ruva muri testicle noneho rureba munsi ya microscope kugirango barebe kanseri ya kanseri. . hamwe nubu bwoko bwo kubaga.) Niba kanseri ibonetse, ubwoko bwakagari (seminoma cyangwa nonseminoma) bugenwa kugirango bufashe gahunda yo kuvura.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Icyiciro cya kanseri (yaba iri muri testicle cyangwa hafi yayo cyangwa yarakwirakwiriye ahandi mu mubiri, hamwe n'amaraso ya AFP, β-hCG, na LDH).

• Ubwoko bwa kanseri.

• Ingano yikibyimba.

• Umubare nubunini bwa retroperitoneal lymph node.

Kanseri y'udukoko irashobora gukira abarwayi bahabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kuvurwa kwambere.

Umuti wa kanseri ya testicular urashobora gutera ubugumba.

Bumwe mu buvuzi bwa kanseri yibura burashobora gutera ubugumba bushobora guhoraho. Abarwayi bashobora kwifuza kubyara bagomba gutekereza kuri banki yintanga mbere yo kwivuza. Amabanki yintanga ninzira yo guhagarika intanga no kuyibika kugirango ikoreshwe nyuma.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri Yumuti

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ya testicular, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu nda cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Orchiectomy inguinal ikorwa kugirango umenye icyiciro cyindwara.

• Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yibura:

• Icyiciro 0

• Icyiciro I.

• Icyiciro cya II

• Icyiciro cya III

Nyuma yo gupimwa kanseri ya testicular, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu nda cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu ntangangore cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byateguwe agena icyiciro cyindwara. Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura:

• Isanduku x-ray: X-ray yingingo namagufwa imbere yigituza. X-ray ni ubwoko bwingufu zishobora kunyura mumubiri no kuri firime, bigakora ishusho yibice byumubiri.

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkinda, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Uburyo bukoresha rukuruzi , imiyoboro ya radiyo, na mudasobwa kugirango ukore urukurikirane rw'amashusho arambuye y'ibice biri imbere mu mubiri, nk'inda. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• Gutandukanya lymph node yo munda : Uburyo bwo kubaga aho lymph node yo munda ikurwaho hanyuma hagasuzumwa icyitegererezo cya tissue munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Ubu buryo bwitwa lymphadenectomy. Ku barwayi barwaye nonseminoma, gukuraho lymph node birashobora gufasha guhagarika ikwirakwizwa ryindwara. Uturemangingo twa kanseri muri lymph node y'abarwayi ba seminoma barashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti.

• Ikizamini cya serumu yibibyimba: Uburyo bwo gusuzuma urugero rwamaraso kugirango bapime ingano yibintu bimwe na bimwe bisohoka mumaraso ningingo, ingirangingo, cyangwa selile yibibyimba mumubiri. Ibintu bimwe bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa kanseri iyo bibonetse mubwiyongere bwamaraso. Ibi byitwa ibimenyetso byerekana ibibyimba. Ibimenyetso 3 bikurikira bikurikira bikoreshwa mugutegura kanseri yintangangore:

• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Beta-muntu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Ibipimo bya Tumor byongeye gupimwa, nyuma ya inguinal orchiectomy na biopsy, kugirango hamenyekane icyiciro cya kanseri. Ibi bifasha kwerekana niba kanseri yose yarakuweho cyangwa niba hakenewe ubundi buvuzi. Ibipimo bya Tumor nabyo bipimwa mugihe cyo kubikurikirana nkuburyo bwo gusuzuma niba kanseri yagarutse.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba kanseri ya testicular ikwirakwira mu bihaha, kanseri ya kanseri mu bihaha ni selile kanseri ya testicular. Indwara ni kanseri ya testicular metastatike, ntabwo ari kanseri y'ibihaha.

Orchiectomy inguinal ikorwa kugirango umenye icyiciro cyindwara.

Ibyiciro bikurikira bikoreshwa kuri kanseri yibura:

Icyiciro 0

Mu cyiciro cya 0, selile zidasanzwe ziboneka muri tubules ntoya aho intangangore zitangira gukura. Utugingo ngengabuzima tudasanzwe dushobora guhinduka kanseri tugakwirakwira mu ngingo zisanzwe. Urwego rwibimenyetso byose nibisanzwe. Icyiciro cya 0 nanone cyitwa germ selile neoplasia mumwanya.

Icyiciro I.

Mu cyiciro cya I, kanseri yarakozwe. Icyiciro cya I kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IA, IB, na IS.

• Mu cyiciro cya IA, kanseri iboneka muri testicle, harimo na rete testis, ariko ntabwo yakwirakwiriye mu mitsi y'amaraso cyangwa mu mitsi ya lymph muri testicle.

Urwego rwibimenyetso byose nibisanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IB, kanseri:

• iboneka muri testicle, harimo na rete testis, kandi ikwirakwira mu miyoboro y'amaraso cyangwa mu mitsi ya lymph muri testicle; cyangwa

• yakwirakwiriye muri hilar yoroheje (tissue ikozwe muri fibre hamwe namavuta hamwe nimiyoboro yamaraso hamwe nimiyoboro ya lymph), epididymis, cyangwa membrane yo hanze ikikije testicle; cyangwa

• yakwirakwiriye mu mugongo; cyangwa

• yakwirakwiriye muri scrotum.

Urwego rwibimenyetso byose nibisanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IS, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum.

Urwego rwa Tumor urwego ruva hejuru gato rusanzwe kugeza hejuru.

Ingano ya Tumor ikunze gupimwa muri santimetero (cm) cyangwa santimetero. Ibiribwa bisanzwe bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwerekana ubunini bwikibyimba muri cm harimo: amashaza (cm 1), ibishyimbo (cm 2), umuzabibu (cm 3), walnut (cm 4), lime (cm 5 cyangwa 2 santimetero), igi (cm 6), amashaza (cm 7), n'imbuto (cm 10 cyangwa santimetero 4).

Icyiciro cya II

Icyiciro cya II kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IIA, IIB, na IIC.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIA, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa muri scrotum. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri 1 kugeza kuri 5 hafi ya lymph node kandi lymph node ni santimetero 2 cyangwa nto.

Ibibyimba byose byerekana ibisanzwe nibisanzwe cyangwa hejuru gato yubusanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIB, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi irashobora gukwirakwira mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuri:

• 1 hafi ya lymph node na lymph node iruta santimetero 2 ariko ntabwo irenze santimetero 5; cyangwa

• ibirenga 5 hafi ya lymph node hamwe na lymph node ntabwo irenze santimetero 5; cyangwa

• hafi ya lymph node kandi kanseri yakwirakwiriye hanze ya lymph node.

Ibibyimba byose byerekana ibisanzwe nibisanzwe cyangwa hejuru gato yubusanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIC, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi irashobora gukwirakwira mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node kandi lymph node irenze santimetero 5.

Ibibyimba byose byerekana ibisanzwe nibisanzwe cyangwa hejuru gato yubusanzwe.

Icyiciro cya III

Icyiciro cya III kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IIIA, IIIB, na IIIC.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIA, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi irashobora gukwirakwira mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira kuri lymph node imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mitsi ya kure cyangwa mu bihaha.

Ibibyimba byose byerekana ibisanzwe nibisanzwe cyangwa hejuru gato yubusanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIB, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye:

• kuri imwe cyangwa nyinshi hafi ya lymph node kandi ntabwo yakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri; cyangwa

• Kuri imwe cyangwa nyinshi hafi ya lymph node. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mitsi ya kure cyangwa mu bihaha.

Urwego rwikimenyetso kimwe cyangwa byinshi biri hejuru yibisanzwe.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIC, kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye:

• kuri imwe cyangwa nyinshi hafi ya lymph node kandi ntabwo yakwirakwiriye mubindi bice byumubiri; cyangwa

• Kuri imwe cyangwa nyinshi hafi ya lymph node. Kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mitsi ya kure cyangwa mu bihaha.

Urwego rwikimenyetso kimwe cyangwa byinshi ni hejuru.

cyangwa

Kanseri iboneka ahantu hose muri testicle kandi ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu ntanga ngabo cyangwa scrotum. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu mitsi ya lymph ya kure cyangwa mu bihaha, ahubwo yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nk'umwijima cyangwa amagufwa.

Urwego rwa Tumor urwego rushobora kuva mubisanzwe kugeza hejuru.

Kanseri Yumuti Yisubiramo

Kanseri ya testicular isubirwamo ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kanseri irashobora kugaruka nyuma yimyaka myinshi nyuma ya kanseri yambere, mubindi bice cyangwa mubindi bice byumubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri yibura.

• Ibibyimba bya testicular bigabanyijemo amatsinda 3, ukurikije uburyo ibibyimba biteganijwe ko byakira imiti.

• Kumenyekanisha neza

• Hagati yo Kumenyekanisha

• Kumenyekanisha nabi

• Ubwoko butanu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Kubaga

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Chimoterapi

• Gukurikirana

• Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no guterwa ingirabuzimafatizo

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Umuti wa kanseri ya testicular urashobora gutera ingaruka.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite kanseri yibura.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye kanseri yibura. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe. Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Ibibyimba bya testicular bigabanyijemo amatsinda 3, ukurikije uburyo ibibyimba biteganijwe ko byakira imiti.

Kumenyekanisha neza

Kuri nonseminoma, ibi bikurikira byose bigomba kuba ukuri:

• Ikibyimba kiboneka gusa muri testicle cyangwa muri retroperitoneum (agace kari hanze cyangwa inyuma y'urukuta rw'inda); na

• Ikibyimba nticyakwirakwiriye mu bice bitari ibihaha; na

• Urwego rwibimenyetso byose byibibyimba biri hejuru gato yubusanzwe.

Kuri seminoma, ibi bikurikira byose bigomba kuba ukuri:

• Ikibyimba nticyakwirakwiriye mu bice bitari ibihaha; na

• Urwego rwa alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ni ibisanzwe. Beta-muntu chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) na lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) irashobora kuba murwego urwo arirwo rwose.

• Hagati yo Kumenyekanisha

Kuri nonseminoma, ibi bikurikira byose bigomba kuba ukuri:

• Ikibyimba kiboneka muri testicle imwe gusa cyangwa muri retroperitoneum (agace kari hanze cyangwa inyuma y'urukuta rw'inda); na

• Ikibyimba nticyakwirakwiriye mu bice bitari ibihaha; na

• Urwego rwa kimwe mubimenyetso byibibyimba birenze gato ibisanzwe.

Kuri seminoma, ibi bikurikira byose bigomba kuba ukuri:

• Ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu ngingo zitari ibihaha; na

• Urwego rwa AFP ni ibisanzwe. β-hCG na LDH birashobora kuba kurwego urwo arirwo rwose.

Kumenyekanisha nabi

Kuri nonseminoma, byibura kimwe muri ibi bikurikira kigomba kuba ukuri:

• Ikibyimba kiri hagati yigituza hagati yibihaha; cyangwa

• Ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu ngingo zitari ibihaha; cyangwa

• Urwego rwa kimwe mubimenyetso byibibyimba biri hejuru.

Nta matsinda mabi yo kumenyekanisha ibibyimba bya seminoma.

Ubwoko butanu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Kubaga

Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore (inguinal orchiectomy) hamwe na lymph node zimwe na zimwe zirashobora gukorwa mugupima no kubika. (Reba amakuru rusange hamwe nicyiciro muri iyi ncamake.) Ibibyimba byakwirakwiriye ahandi mu mubiri birashobora gukurwaho igice cyangwa burundu kubagwa.

Muganga amaze gukuraho kanseri zose zishobora kugaragara mugihe cyo kubagwa, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhabwa chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango bice selile zose zisigaye. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa. Ubuvuzi bwimirasire yo hanze bukoreshwa mukuvura kanseri yintangangore.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa guhagarika ingirabuzimafatizo. Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri (chimiotherapie sisitemu). Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi yubwonko, urugingo, cyangwa umwobo wumubiri nkinda, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere (chimiotherapie yo mukarere). Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yumuti Kubindi bisobanuro.

Gukurikirana

Igenzura rikurikiranira hafi imiterere yumurwayi utarinze kwivuza keretse habaye impinduka mubisubizo byikizamini. Ikoreshwa mugushakisha ibimenyetso hakiri kare ko kanseri yagarutse (garuka). Mu kugenzura, abarwayi bahabwa ibizamini n'ibizamini kuri gahunda isanzwe.

Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no guterwa ingirabuzimafatizo

Umubare munini wa chimiotherapie utangwa kugirango wice selile. Ingirabuzimafatizo nzima, harimo na selile zikora amaraso, nazo zirasenywa no kuvura kanseri. Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingirabuzimafatizo. Ingirabuzimafatizo (selile zidakuze) zivanwa mumaraso cyangwa igufwa ryumurwayi cyangwa umuterankunga hanyuma bikonjeshwa bikabikwa. Nyuma yuko umurwayi arangije chimiotherapie, ingirangingo zibitswe zabitswe kandi zisubizwa umurwayi binyuze mu gushiramo. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zongeye gukoreshwa zikura (kandi zigarura) ingirangingo z'amaraso z'umubiri.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yumuti Kubindi bisobanuro.

Gutera ingirabuzimafatizo. (Intambwe ya 1): Amaraso yakuwe mumitsi mumaboko yumuterankunga. Umurwayi cyangwa undi muntu ashobora kuba umuterankunga. Amaraso atembera mumashini ikuraho ingirabuzimafatizo. Noneho amaraso asubizwa abaterankunga binyuze mumitsi mumaboko yandi. (Intambwe ya 2): Umurwayi yakira chimiotherapie kugirango yice selile zikora amaraso. Umurwayi arashobora guhabwa imiti ivura imirasire (iterekanwa). (Intambwe ya 3): Umurwayi yakira ingirabuzimafatizo binyuze muri catheter yashyizwe mu maraso mu gituza.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Umuti wa kanseri ya testicular urashobora gutera ingaruka.

Kumakuru yingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba ubuzima bwawe bwarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Abagabo barwaye kanseri ya testicular bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri mubindi bice. Umurwayi arasabwa guhora asuzuma izindi testicle hanyuma akamenyesha muganga ibimenyetso bidasanzwe ako kanya.

Ibizamini byigihe kirekire byamavuriro ni ngombwa cyane. Birashoboka ko umurwayi ashobora kwisuzumisha kenshi mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma yo kubagwa kandi gake cyane nyuma yibyo.

Amahitamo yo Kuvura Icyiciro

Muri iki gice

• Icyiciro 0 (Testicular Intraepithelial Neoplasia)

• Icyiciro cya I Kanseri y'udukoko

• Icyiciro cya II Kanseri y'udukoko

• Icyiciro cya III Kanseri y'udukoko

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Icyiciro 0 (Testicular Intraepithelial Neoplasia)

Kuvura icyiciro cya 0 birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti ivura imirasire.

• Gukurikirana.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya I Kanseri y'udukoko

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya mbere biterwa na kanseri ni seminoma cyangwa nonseminoma.

Kuvura seminoma birashobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho gukurikiranwa.

• Ku barwayi bashaka kuvurwa neza aho kubakurikiranwa, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho chimiotherapie.

Kuvura nonseminoma birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho testicle, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukurikirana.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore na lymph node mu nda, hamwe no gukurikirana igihe kirekire.

• Kubaga bikurikirwa na chimiotherapie kubarwayi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kongera kubaho, hamwe no kubikurikirana igihe kirekire.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya II Kanseri y'udukoko

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri biterwa n’uko kanseri ari seminoma cyangwa nonseminoma.

Kuvura seminoma birashobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Iyo ikibyimba gifite santimetero 5 cyangwa ntoya:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho kuvura imirasire ya lymph node munda no munda.

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho testicle na lymph node munda.

• Iyo ikibyimba kirenze santimetero 5:

• Kubagwa kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho guhuza imiti ya chimiotherapie cyangwa imishwarara ivura lymph node munda no munda, hamwe no kubikurikirana igihe kirekire.

Kuvura nonseminoma birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangabo na lymph node, hamwe no gukurikirana igihe kirekire.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangabo na lymph node, hakurikiraho guhuza chimiotherapie hamwe no gukurikirana igihe kirekire.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho kuvura chimiotherapie hamwe no kubagwa bwa kabiri niba kanseri igumye, hamwe no kuyikurikirana igihe kirekire.

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie mbere yo kubagwa kugirango ukureho intangangore, kuri kanseri yakwirakwiriye kandi bikekwa ko byangiza ubuzima.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Icyiciro cya III Kanseri y'udukoko

Kuvura kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya III biterwa nuko kanseri ari seminoma cyangwa nonseminoma.

Kuvura seminoma birashobora kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho imiti ya chimiotherapie. Niba hari ibibyimba bisigaye nyuma ya chimiotherapie, kuvura birashobora kuba kimwe muribi bikurikira:

• Igenzura nta muti keretse ibibyimba bikuze.

• Gukurikirana ibibyimba bitarenze santimetero 3 no kubagwa kugirango ukureho ibibyimba birenze santimetero 3.

• PET scan nyuma y'amezi abiri nyuma ya chimiotherapie no kubagwa kugirango ikureho ibibyimba bigaragara na kanseri kuri scan.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie.

Kuvura nonseminoma birashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho intangangore, hakurikiraho imiti ya chimiotherapie.

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie bikurikirwa no kubagwa kugirango ukure testicle hamwe nibibyimba byose bisigaye. Ubundi buryo bwa chimiotherapie bushobora gutangwa mugihe ibibyimba byavanyweho birimo kanseri ya kanseri ikura cyangwa niba ibizamini byakurikiranwe byerekana ko kanseri igenda itera imbere.

• Gukomatanya chimiotherapie mbere yo kubagwa kugirango ukureho intangangore, kuri kanseri yakwirakwiriye kandi bikekwa ko byangiza ubuzima.

• Igeragezwa rya chimiotherapie.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Kanseri Yumuti Yisubiramo

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Kuvura kanseri yama testicular ishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiotherapie.

• Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no guhinduranya ingirangingo.

• Kubaga kugirango ukureho kanseri ifite:

• garuka nyuma yimyaka irenga 2 nyuma yo gusezererwa byuzuye; cyangwa

• garuka ahantu hamwe gusa kandi ntisubiza chimiotherapie.

• Ikigeragezo cyamavuriro yubuvuzi bushya.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri ya Testicular

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kanseri yibura, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri y'udukoko Urupapuro Urupapuro

• Kwipimisha Kanseri ya Testicular

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe Kanseri Yumuti

Kumakuru rusange ya kanseri nibindi bikoresho biva mu kigo cyigihugu cya kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Gutegura

• Chimiotherapie nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Ubuvuzi bwimirasire nawe: Inkunga kubantu barwaye Kanseri

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi