Types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq

Ubuvuzi bwa Retinoblastoma

Amakuru Rusange Yerekeye Retinoblastoma

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Retinoblastoma ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za retina.

• Retinoblastoma ibaho muburyo bwo kuragwa no kudahabwa.

• Ubuvuzi bwubwoko bubiri bwa retinoblastoma bugomba kubamo ubujyanama.

• Abana bafite amateka yumuryango wa retinoblastoma bagomba kwipimisha amaso kugirango barebe retinoblastoma.

• Umwana ufite retinoblastoma yumurage afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara retinoblastoma na kanseri eshatu.

• Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya retinoblastoma harimo "umweru wera" nububabare bwamaso cyangwa umutuku.

• Ibizamini bisuzuma retina bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma retinoblastoma.

• Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Retinoblastoma ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo (kanseri) ziba mu ngingo za retina.

Retina ni tissue nervice itondekanya imbere yinyuma yijisho. Retina yumva urumuri kandi yohereza amashusho mubwonko hakoreshejwe imitsi ya optique.

Anatomy yijisho, yerekana hanze ninyuma yijisho harimo sclera, cornea, iris, umubiri wa ciliary, choroide, retina, urwenya rwinshi, na nervice optique. Urwenya rwa vitreous ni jel yuzuza hagati yijisho.

Nubwo retinoblastoma ishobora kubaho kumyaka iyo ari yo yose, ibaho cyane mubana barengeje imyaka 2. Kanseri irashobora kuba mu jisho rimwe (uruhande rumwe) cyangwa mumaso yombi (byombi). Retinoblastoma ni gake ikwirakwira mu jisho ikagera ku ngingo zegeranye cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Cavitar retinoblastoma ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwa retinoblastoma aho imyenge (imyanya yubusa) ikora mu kibyimba.

Retinoblastoma ibaho muburyo bwo kuragwa no kudahabwa.

Umwana atekereza ko afite uburyo bwo kuragwa bwa retinoblastoma mugihe kimwe muribi gikurikira:

• Hariho amateka yumuryango wa retinoblastoma.

• Hariho ihinduka runaka (impinduka) muri gen ya RB1. Guhinduka kwa gene ya RB1 birashobora kwanduzwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kumwana cyangwa birashobora kugaragara mumagi cyangwa intanga mbere yo gusama cyangwa nyuma yo gusama.

• Hariho ikibyimba kirenze kimwe mumaso cyangwa hari ikibyimba mumaso yombi.

• Hariho ikibyimba mu jisho rimwe kandi umwana ari muto kurenza umwaka.

Nyuma yo kwisuzumisha retinoblastoma no kuvurwa, ibibyimba bishya birashobora gukomeza kubaho mumyaka mike. Kwipimisha amaso buri gihe kugirango urebe niba ibibyimba bishya bikorwa buri mezi 2 kugeza kuri 4 byibuze amezi 28.

Retheroblastoma idasubirwaho ni retinoblastoma ntabwo aribwo buryo bwo kuragwa. Indwara nyinshi za retinoblastoma nuburyo butemewe.

Ubuvuzi bwubwoko bubiri bwa retinoblastoma bugomba kubamo ubujyanama.

Ababyeyi bagomba guhabwa inama zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo (ikiganiro n’inzobere zahuguwe ku bijyanye n’ingaruka z’indwara zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo) kugira ngo baganire ku gupima ingirabuzima fatizo kugira ngo barebe niba ihinduka ry’imihindagurikire ya gen. Ubujyanama bwa genetike burimo no kuganira ku kaga ka retinoblastoma ku mwana na barumuna cyangwa bashiki b'umwana.

Abana bafite amateka yumuryango wa retinoblastoma bagomba kwipimisha amaso kugirango barebe retinoblastoma.

Umwana ufite amateka yumuryango wa retinoblastoma agomba kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe akiri muto kugirango asuzume retinoblastoma, keretse niba bizwi ko umwana adafite ihinduka rya RB1. Kwipimisha hakiri kare retinoblastoma birashobora gusobanura ko umwana azakenera kuvurwa cyane.

Abavandimwe cyangwa bashiki b'umwana urwaye retinoblastoma bagomba kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe n’umuganga w’amaso kugeza ku myaka 3 kugeza kuri 5, keretse bizwi ko umuvandimwe cyangwa mushikiwabo adafite ihinduka rya RB1.

Umwana ufite retinoblastoma yumurage afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara retinoblastoma na kanseri eshatu.

Umwana urwaye retinoblastoma afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ikibyimba cya pinine mu bwonko. Iyo retinoblastoma n'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko bibaye icyarimwe, byitwa retinoblastoma trilateral. Ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko gisuzumwa hagati y'amezi 20 na 36. Kwipimisha buri gihe ukoresheje MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) birashobora gukorwa kumwana utekereza ko afite retinoblastoma cyangwa umwana urwaye retinoblastoma mumaso imwe n'amateka yumuryango. Isuzuma rya CT (mudasobwa ya tomografiya) ntisanzwe ikoreshwa mugupima bisanzwe kugirango wirinde kwanduza umwana imirasire ya ionizing.

Heritable retinoblastoma kandi yongerera umwana ibyago byo kurwara ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri nka kanseri y'ibihaha, kanseri y'uruhago, cyangwa melanoma mu myaka yakurikiyeho. Ibizamini byo gukurikirana buri gihe ni ngombwa.

Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bya retinoblastoma harimo "umweru wera" nububabare bwamaso cyangwa umutuku.

Ibi nibindi bimenyetso nibimenyetso bishobora guterwa na retinoblastoma cyangwa nibindi bihe. Menyesha umuganga niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Umunyeshuri w'ijisho agaragara cyera aho kuba umutuku iyo urumuri rumurikira. Ibi birashobora kugaragara mumafoto ya flash yumwana.

• Amaso asa nkaho areba mu byerekezo bitandukanye (ijisho ryumunebwe).

• Ububabare cyangwa umutuku mu jisho.

• Indwara ikikije ijisho.

• Eyeball nini kuruta ibisanzwe.

• Igice cyamabara yijisho hamwe nabanyeshuri basa nibicu.

Ibizamini bisuzuma retina bikoreshwa mugushakisha (gushakisha) no gusuzuma retinoblastoma.

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa:

• Ikizamini cyumubiri namateka: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango ugenzure ibimenyetso rusange byubuzima, harimo no gusuzuma ibimenyetso byindwara, nkibibyimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gisa nkidasanzwe. Hazafatwa kandi amateka yubuzima bwumurwayi nindwara zashize hamwe nubuvuzi. Muganga azabaza niba hari amateka yumuryango wa retinoblastoma.

• Ikizamini cy'amaso hamwe n'umunyeshuri wagutse: Ikizamini cy'ijisho umunyeshuri yaguyemo (yafunguye mugari) hamwe n'amaso y'amaso y’imiti kugira ngo umuganga arebe mu ndiba n’umunyeshuri kuri retina. Imbere y'ijisho, harimo retina na nervice optique, isuzumwa n'umucyo. Ukurikije imyaka umwana afite, iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa munsi ya anesthesia.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibizamini byamaso bikorwa hamwe numunyeshuri wagutse:

• Ophthalmoscopy: Ikizamini cyimbere yinyuma yijisho kugirango harebwe retina na nervice optique ukoresheje lens ntoya nini nini.

• Biomicroscopy ya slit-itara: Ikizamini cyimbere yijisho kugirango ugenzure retina, nervice optique, nibindi bice byijisho ukoresheje urumuri rukomeye rwumucyo na microscope.

• Fluorescein angiography: Uburyo bwo kureba imiyoboro y'amaraso no gutembera kw'amaraso imbere y'amaso. Irangi rya fluorescent irangi ryitwa fluorescein ryatewe mumitsi yamaraso mumaboko ikajya mumaraso. Mugihe irangi rinyura mumitsi yijisho ryijisho, kamera idasanzwe ifata amashusho ya retina na choroide kugirango ibone imiyoboro yamaraso ifunze cyangwa itemba.

• Ikizamini cya gene RB1: Ikizamini cya laboratoire gipimwa urugero rwamaraso cyangwa tissue kugirango habeho ihinduka rya gen RB1.

• Ikizamini cya Ultrasound cyijisho: Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mumajwi yumuriro mwinshi (ultrasound) biva mubice byimbere byijisho kugirango bisubire. Ibitonyanga by'amaso bikoreshwa mu kuniga ijisho kandi iperereza rito ryohereza kandi ryakira imiraba y'amajwi rishyirwa buhoro hejuru yijisho. Ijwi rikora ishusho yimbere yijisho kandi harapimwa intera kuva cornea kugeza retina. Ishusho, yitwa sonogram, yerekana kuri ecran ya monitor ya ultrasound. Ishusho irashobora gucapurwa kugirango irebe nyuma.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Uburyo bukoresha rukuruzi , imiyoboro ya radiyo, na mudasobwa kugirango ukore urukurikirane rw'amashusho arambuye y'ibice biri imbere mu mubiri, nk'ijisho. Ubu buryo bwitwa kandi magnetic magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

• CT scan (CAT scan): Uburyo bukora urukurikirane rwamashusho arambuye yibice byimbere mumubiri, nkijisho, byafashwe muburyo butandukanye. Amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa ihujwe na mashini ya x-ray. Irangi rishobora guterwa mumitsi cyangwa kumirwa kugirango bifashe ingingo cyangwa ingirangingo kugaragara neza. Ubu buryo nabwo bwitwa computing tomografiya, tomografiya ya mudasobwa, cyangwa mudasobwa ya axial tomografiya.

Kubara tomografiya (CT) gusikana umutwe nijosi. Umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera muri CT scaneri, ifata amashusho ya x-imbere imbere yumutwe nijosi.

Retinoblastoma irashobora gupimwa nta biopsy.

Iyo retinoblastoma iri mu jisho rimwe, rimwe na rimwe iba mu rindi jisho. Ibizamini by'ijisho bitagize ingaruka bikorwa kugeza igihe bizwi niba retinoblastoma aribwo buryo bwo kuragwa.

Ibintu bimwe bigira ingaruka kubitekerezo (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura.

Kumenyekanisha (amahirwe yo gukira) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura biterwa nibi bikurikira:

• Niba kanseri iri mumaso imwe cyangwa yombi.

• Ingano n'umubare w'ibibyimba.

• Niba ikibyimba cyakwirakwiriye mu gice gikikije ijisho, mu bwonko, cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Niba hari ibimenyetso mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha, kuri retinoblastoma trilateral.

• Imyaka y'umwana.

• Bishoboka bite ko iyerekwa rishobora gukizwa mumaso imwe cyangwa yombi.

• Niba ubwoko bwa kabiri bwa kanseri bwarakozwe.

Icyiciro cya Retinoblastoma

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Nyuma yo gupimwa retinoblastoma, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu jisho cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Sisitemu mpuzamahanga yo kubika Retinoblastoma (IRSS) irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura retinoblastoma.

• Icyiciro 0

• Icyiciro I.

• Icyiciro cya II

• Icyiciro cya III

• Icyiciro cya IV

• Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

• Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

• Umuti wa retinoblastoma uterwa nimba ari imbere (imbere yijisho) cyangwa udasanzwe (hanze yijisho).

• Indwara ya retinoblastoma

• Retinoblastoma idasanzwe (metastatike)

Nyuma yo gupimwa retinoblastoma, hakorwa ibizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba kanseri ya kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu jisho cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Inzira ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu jisho cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri byitwa guterana. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubikorwa byo kwerekana niba retinoblastoma iri mumaso gusa (intraocular) cyangwa yakwirakwiriye hanze yijisho (extraocular). Ni ngombwa kumenya icyiciro kugirango utegure kuvura. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri akenshi bikoreshwa no gutera indwara. (Reba igice rusange cyamakuru.)

Ibizamini hamwe nuburyo bukurikira birashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura:

• Gusikana amagufwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba mu magufwa hari selile zigabanya vuba, nka selile kanseri. Umubare muto cyane wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyoyakusanyiriza mu magufa hamwe na kanseri kandi bigaragazwa na scaneri nayo ifata ishusho yumubiri. Ibice by'amagufwa hamwe na kanseri bigaragara neza ku ishusho kuko bifata ibintu byinshi bikoresha radiyo kuruta selile zisanzwe.

Gusikana amagufwa. Umubare muto wibikoresho bya radio bitera mumitsi yumwana kandi bikanyura mumaraso. Ibikoresho bya radiyo bikusanya mumagufwa. Mugihe umwana aryamye kumeza anyerera munsi ya scaneri, hamenyekana ibikoresho bya radio bikora amashusho bigakorerwa kuri ecran ya mudasobwa.

• Amagufa ya marrow aspiration na biopsy: Gukuraho igufwa ryamagufwa nigice gito cyamagufwa winjiza urushinge rufunitse mumatako cyangwa amabere. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ireba igufwa ryamagufwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ishakishe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Amagufa yo mu magufa na biopsy bikorwa mugihe muganga atekereza ko kanseri yakwirakwiriye hanze yijisho.

• Gutobora Lumbar: Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukusanya amazi ya cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuva kumugongo. Ibi bikorwa mugushira urushinge hagati yamagufa abiri murugongo no muri CSF ikikije uruti rwumugongo no gukuramo icyitegererezo cyamazi. Icyitegererezo cya CSF gisuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango ibimenyetso byerekana ko kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ubu buryo bwitwa LP cyangwa igikanda.

Sisitemu mpuzamahanga yo kubika Retinoblastoma (IRSS) irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura retinoblastoma.

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika retinoblastoma. Icyiciro cya IRSS gishingiye ku kuntu kanseri isigara nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango ikureho ikibyimba kandi niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye.

Icyiciro 0

Ikibyimba kiri mumaso gusa. Ijisho ntiryakuweho kandi ikibyimba cyavuwe nta kubaga.

Icyiciro I.

Ikibyimba kiri mumaso gusa. Ijisho ryakuweho kandi nta selile ya kanseri isigaye.

Icyiciro cya II

Ikibyimba kiri mumaso gusa. Ijisho ryakuweho kandi hasigaye selile kanseri zishobora kugaragara gusa na microscope.

Icyiciro cya III

Icyiciro cya III kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IIIa na IIIb:

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIa, kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva mu jisho kugera ku ngingo zikikije ijisho.

• Mu cyiciro cya IIIb, kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva mu jisho kugera kuri lymph node hafi y'ugutwi cyangwa mu ijosi.

Icyiciro cya IV

Icyiciro cya IV kigabanyijemo ibyiciro IVa na IVb:

• Mu cyiciro cya IVa, kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu maraso ariko ntabwo igera mu bwonko cyangwa mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ikibyimba kimwe cyangwa byinshi bishobora kuba byarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice byumubiri nkamagufwa cyangwa umwijima.

• Mu cyiciro cya IVb, kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bwonko cyangwa mu ruti rw'umugongo. Irashobora kandi gukwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Hariho uburyo butatu kanseri ikwirakwira mu mubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu ngingo, sisitemu ya lymph, n'amaraso:

• Tissue. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye ikurira mu turere twegereye.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi ya lymph igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri ikwirakwira aho yatangiriye yinjira mu maraso. Kanseri inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso igana mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Kanseri irashobora gukwirakwira aho yatangiriye no mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo kanseri ikwirakwira mu kindi gice cy'umubiri, yitwa metastasis. Ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zitandukana aho zatangiriye (ikibyimba kibanza) zikanyura muri sisitemu ya lymph cyangwa maraso.

• Sisitemu ya Lymph. Kanseri yinjira muri sisitemu ya lymph, ikanyura mu mitsi ya lymph, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

• Amaraso. Kanseri yinjira mu maraso, ikanyura mu mitsi y'amaraso, igakora ikibyimba (ikibyimba metastatike) mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ikibyimba metastatike nubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri nkibibyimba byibanze. Kurugero, niba retinoblastoma ikwirakwira kumagufa, selile kanseri mumagufwa mubyukuri selile retinoblastoma. Indwara ni metinatike retinoblastoma, ntabwo ari kanseri yamagufa.

Umuti wa retinoblastoma uterwa nimba ari imbere (imbere yijisho) cyangwa udasanzwe (hanze yijisho).

Indwara ya retinoblastoma

Muri retinoblastoma yo mu nda, kanseri iboneka mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi kandi irashobora kuba muri retina gusa cyangwa ishobora no kuba mu bindi bice by'amaso nka choroide, umubiri wa ciliary, cyangwa igice cy'imitsi ya optique. Kanseri ntiyakwirakwiriye mu ngingo zinyuma z'ijisho cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Retinoblastoma idasanzwe (metastatike)

Muri retinoblastoma idasanzwe, kanseri yakwirakwiriye ijisho. Irashobora kuboneka mumyenda ikikije ijisho (orbital retinoblastoma) cyangwa irashobora gukwirakwira mumyanya mitsi yo hagati (ubwonko nu mugongo) cyangwa mubindi bice byumubiri nkumwijima, amagufa, igufwa ryamagufa, cyangwa lymph node.

Retinoblastoma itera imbere kandi igaruka

Retinoblastoma itera imbere ni retinoblastoma idasubiza imiti. Ahubwo, kanseri irakura, ikwirakwira, cyangwa ikarushaho kwiyongera.

Retinoblastoma isubirwamo ni kanseri yagarutse (garuka) imaze kuvurwa. Kanseri irashobora kugaruka mu jisho, mu ngingo zikikije ijisho, cyangwa ahandi hantu mu mubiri.

Incamake yo kuvura

INGINGO Z'INGENZI

• Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite retinoblastoma.

• Abana barwaye retinoblastoma bagomba guteganya ubuvuzi bwateguwe nitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura kanseri mu bana.

• Umuti wa retinoblastoma urashobora gutera ingaruka mbi.

• Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

• Cryotherapy

• Ubuvuzi

• Chimoterapi

• Imiti ivura imirasire

• Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo

• Kubaga (enucleation)

• Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

• Ubuvuzi bugamije

• Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

• Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

• Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abarwayi bafite retinoblastoma.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kuvura burahari kubarwayi barwaye retinoblastoma. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe (ubuvuzi bukoreshwa ubu), kandi bumwe burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ikigeragezo kivura ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije gufasha kunoza imiti igezweho cyangwa kubona amakuru ku buvuzi bushya ku barwayi ba kanseri. Iyo ibizamini byo kwa muganga byerekana ko ubuvuzi bushya buruta ubuvuzi busanzwe, ubuvuzi bushya bushobora kuba ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Kubera ko kanseri mu bana idasanzwe, kugira uruhare mu igeragezwa ry’amavuriro bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibigeragezo bimwe na bimwe bivura abarwayi batatangiye kwivuza.

Abana barwaye retinoblastoma bagomba guteganya ubuvuzi bwateguwe nitsinda ryabatanga ubuvuzi ninzobere mu kuvura kanseri mu bana.

Intego zo kuvura nugukiza ubuzima bwumwana, gukiza icyerekezo nijisho, no kwirinda ingaruka zikomeye. Umuti uzakurikiranwa n’umuganga w’abana oncologue, umuganga winzobere mu kuvura abana barwaye kanseri. Umuganga wa oncologue w'abana akorana n'abandi bashinzwe ubuvuzi bafite ubuhanga mu kuvura abana barwaye kanseri y'amaso kandi bazobereye mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi. Muri byo hashobora kuba harimo umuganga w'amaso w'abana (umuganga w'amaso w'abana) ufite uburambe buke mu kuvura retinoblastoma n'inzobere zikurikira:

• Umuganga ubaga abana.

• Imirasire ya oncologue.

• Umuganga w'abana.

• Inzobere mu baforomo b'abana.

• Inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.

• Ushinzwe imibereho myiza.

• Umujyanama wa genetike cyangwa umujyanama wa geneti.

Umuti wa retinoblastoma urashobora gutera ingaruka mbi.

Kumakuru yingaruka zitangira mugihe cyo kuvura kanseri, reba urupapuro rwuruhande rwacu.

Ingaruka ziterwa no kuvura kanseri zitangira nyuma yo kuvurwa zikomeza amezi cyangwa imyaka byitwa ingaruka zitinze. Ingaruka zo kuvura retinoblastoma zishobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibibazo byumubiri nko kubona cyangwa kumva ibibazo cyangwa, niba ijisho ryakuweho, ihinduka ryimiterere nubunini bwamagufwa akikije ijisho.

• Impinduka mumyumvire, ibyiyumvo, gutekereza, kwiga, cyangwa kwibuka.

• Kanseri ya kabiri (ubwoko bushya bwa kanseri), nka kanseri y'ibihaha n'uruhago, osteosarcoma, sarcoma yoroheje, cyangwa melanoma.

Impamvu zikurikira zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri:

• Kugira uburyo bwo kuragwa bwa retinoblastoma.

• Ubuvuzi bwashize hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire, cyane cyane mbere yumwaka 1.

• Kuba umaze kurwara kanseri ya kabiri.

Ni ngombwa kuganira n'abaganga b'umwana wawe ku ngaruka kuvura kanseri bishobora kugira ku mwana wawe. Gukurikirana buri gihe ninzobere mu buzima ninzobere mu gusuzuma no kuvura ingaruka zitinze ni ngombwa. Reba incamake ya ku ngaruka Zitinze zo Kuvura Kanseri Yabana Kubindi bisobanuro.

Ubwoko butandatu bwo kuvura busanzwe bukoreshwa:

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy nubuvuzi bukoresha igikoresho cyo guhagarika no gusenya imyenda idasanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura bwitwa no kubaga.

Ubuvuzi

Thermotherapy ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe kugirango urimbure kanseri. Thermotherapie irashobora gutangwa hifashishijwe urumuri rwa lazeri rugenewe umunyeshuri wagutse cyangwa hanze yijisho. Thermotherapy irashobora gukoreshwa wenyine kubibyimba bito cyangwa bigahuzwa na chimiotherapie kubibyimba binini. Ubu buvuzi ni ubwoko bwo kuvura laser.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ni umuti wa kanseri ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango uhagarike imikurire ya kanseri, haba mu kwica selile cyangwa kubabuza gutandukana. Uburyo chimiotherapie itangwa biterwa nicyiciro cya kanseri n'aho kanseri iba mumubiri.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa chimiotherapie:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie: Iyo chimiotherapie ifashwe numunwa cyangwa igaterwa mumitsi cyangwa imitsi, imiti yinjira mumaraso kandi irashobora kugera kanseri ya kanseri mumubiri. Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie itangwa kugirango igabanye ikibyimba (chemoreduction) kandi wirinde kubagwa kugirango ukureho ijisho. Nyuma ya chemoreduction, ubundi buvuzi bushobora kubamo kuvura imirasire, kuvura imiti, kuvura laser, cyangwa chimiotherapie yo mukarere.

Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie irashobora kandi gutangwa kugirango yice kanseri iyo ari yo yose isigaye nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa mbere cyangwa ku barwayi barwaye retinoblastoma iboneka hanze y'amaso. Umuti watanzwe nyuma yubuvuzi bwambere, kugirango ugabanye ibyago ko kanseri izagaruka, byitwa kuvura indwara.

• Chimiotherapie yo mu karere: Iyo chimiotherapie ishyizwe mumazi ya cerebrospinal fluid (intrathecal chimiotherapie), urugingo (nk'ijisho), cyangwa akavuyo k'umubiri, imiti yibasira kanseri ya kanseri muri utwo turere. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa chimiotherapie mukarere bukoreshwa mukuvura retinoblastoma.

• Ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy: Ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy itwara imiti igabanya ubukana ijisho. Catheter ishyirwa mumitsi iganisha ku jisho kandi imiti igabanya ubukana itangwa binyuze muri catheter. Umuti umaze gutangwa, ballon ntoya irashobora kwinjizwa mumitsi kugirango ihagarike kandi itume imiti myinshi ya anticancer ifatirwa hafi yikibyimba. Ubu bwoko bwa chimiotherapie bushobora gutangwa nkubuvuzi bwambere mugihe ikibyimba kiri mumaso gusa cyangwa mugihe ikibyimba kititabira ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Ophthalmic artery infusion chemotherapy itangwa mubigo byihariye bivura retinoblastoma.

• Imiti ya chimoterapi: Intravitreal chimiotherapie ni ugutera imiti igabanya ubukana bwa vitreous (ibintu bimeze nka jelly) imbere yijisho. Ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu gusetsa cyane kandi ititabira ubuvuzi cyangwa yagarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe kuri Retinoblastoma kubindi bisobanuro.

Imiti ivura imirasire

Imishwarara ivura ni imiti ikoresha kanseri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi za x-imirasire cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimirasire yica kanseri cyangwa ikabuza gukura. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kuvura imirasire:

• Imiti ivura imirasire yo hanze ikoresha imashini hanze yumubiri kugirango yohereze imirasire kuri kanseri. Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutanga imishwarara irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo nziza. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire burimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bwimishwarara ikabije (IMRT): IMRT ni ubwoko bwimiti 3 (3-D) ivura imishwarara yo hanze ikoresha mudasobwa mugukora amashusho yubunini nuburyo imiterere yikibyimba. Imirasire yoroheje yimirasire yububasha butandukanye (imbaraga) igamije kubyimba uhereye kumpande nyinshi.

• Imiti ivura imishwarara ya proton-beam: Ubuvuzi bwa proton-beam ni ubwoko bwingufu nyinshi, imiti ivura hanze. Imashini ivura imirasire igamije imigezi ya proton (utuntu duto, tutagaragara, twuzuye neza) kuri selile ya kanseri kugirango tubice.

• Imiti ivura imbere ikoresha ibintu bifata radiyo bifunze inshinge, imbuto, insinga, cyangwa catheteri bishyirwa muri kanseri cyangwa hafi yayo. Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gutanga imishwarara irashobora gufasha kurinda imirasire kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo nziza. Ubu bwoko bwo kuvura imirasire y'imbere bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Plaque radiotherapi: Imbuto za radio zifatanije kuruhande rumwe rwa disiki, bita plaque, hanyuma igashyirwa kumurongo winyuma wijisho hafi yikibyimba. Uruhande rwa plaque rwanditseho imbuto zireba ijisho, rugamije imirasire yibibyimba. Icyapa gifasha kurinda izindi ngingo zegeranye kumirasire.

Plaque radiotherapi yijisho. Ubwoko bw'imishwarara ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibyimba by'amaso. Imbuto zikoresha radio zishyirwa kuruhande rumwe rw'icyuma cyoroshye (ubusanzwe zahabu) bita plaque. Icyapa kidoda ku rukuta rwo hanze rw'ijisho. Imbuto zitanga imirase yica kanseri. Icyapa cyakuweho nyuma yubuvuzi, ubusanzwe bumara iminsi myinshi.

Uburyo imiti ivura imirasire itangwa biterwa nubwoko nicyiciro cya kanseri ivurwa nuburyo kanseri yakiriye ubundi buvuzi. Imiti ivura hanze n'imbere ikoreshwa mu kuvura retinoblastoma.

Imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo

Umubare munini wa chimiotherapie utangwa kugirango wice selile. Ingirabuzimafatizo nzima, harimo na selile zikora amaraso, nazo zirasenywa no kuvura kanseri. Gutabara ingirabuzimafatizo ni uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingirabuzimafatizo. Ingirabuzimafatizo (selile yamaraso idakuze) ikurwa mumaraso cyangwa igufwa ryumurwayi kandi irakonja ikabikwa. Nyuma yuko umurwayi arangije chimiotherapie, ingirangingo zibitswe zabitswe kandi zisubizwa umurwayi binyuze mu gushiramo. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zongeye gukoreshwa zikura (kandi zigarura) ingirangingo z'amaraso z'umubiri.

Reba Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe kuri Retinoblastoma kubindi bisobanuro.

Kubaga (enucleation)

Enucleation ni kubaga kugirango ukureho ijisho hamwe nigice cya nervice optique. Icyitegererezo cy'inyama z'amaso zavanyweho kizasuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Ibi bigomba gukorwa numu psychologue w'inararibonye, ​​umenyereye retinoblastoma nizindi ndwara zijisho. Enucleation ikorwa niba hari amahirwe make cyangwa ntamahirwe yuko iyerekwa rishobora gukizwa kandi mugihe ikibyimba kinini, kititabiriye kuvurwa, cyangwa kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa. Umurwayi azashyirwa ijisho ryubukorikori.

Gukurikiranira hafi birakenewe imyaka 2 cyangwa irenga kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso byongeye kugaragara mugace gakikije ijisho ryanduye no kugenzura irindi jisho.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura burimo kugeragezwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro.

Iki gice cyincamake gisobanura imiti irimo kwigwa mubigeragezo byamavuriro. Ntishobora kuvuga ubuvuzi bushya burimo kwigwa. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro araboneka kurubuga rwa NCI.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Ubuvuzi bugamije ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu byibasira kanseri. Ubuvuzi bugamije ubusanzwe butera kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe kuruta chimiotherapie cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire.

Ubuvuzi bugamije burimo kwigwa kuvura retinoblastoma yagarutse (garuka).

Abarwayi barashobora kwifuza gutekereza kubijyanye no kwipimisha kwa muganga.

Ku barwayi bamwe, kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibigeragezo bivura biri mubikorwa byubushakashatsi bwa kanseri. Igeragezwa rya Clinical rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane niba imiti mishya ya kanseri itekanye kandi ifite akamaro cyangwa nziza kuruta ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Benshi mubuvuzi busanzwe bwa kanseri bushingiye kubigeragezo byambere byubuvuzi. Abarwayi bitabiriye kwipimisha barashobora kuvurwa bisanzwe cyangwa kuba mubambere bahawe imiti mishya.

Abarwayi bitabira ibizamini byo kwa muganga nabo bafasha kunoza uburyo kanseri izavurwa mugihe kizaza. Nubwo ibigeragezo bivura bitaganisha ku buvuzi bushya, akenshi basubiza ibibazo byingenzi kandi bigafasha gutera imbere ubushakashatsi.

Abarwayi barashobora kwipimisha kwa muganga mbere, mugihe, cyangwa nyuma yo gutangira kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rimwe na rimwe ririmo abarwayi bataravurwa. Ibindi bigeragezo bipima abarwayi bafite kanseri itameze neza. Hariho kandi ibizamini byo kwa muganga bipima uburyo bushya bwo guhagarika kanseri kongera kugaruka (kugaruka) cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri.

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ririmo kubera mu bice byinshi by'igihugu. Amakuru yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro ashyigikiwe na NCI urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa NCI. Ibizamini bya Clinical bishyigikiwe nandi mashyirahamwe murashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ibizamini byo gukurikirana birashobora gukenerwa.

Bimwe mubizamini byakozwe mugupima kanseri cyangwa kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri birashobora gusubirwamo. Ibizamini bimwe bizasubirwamo kugirango harebwe uburyo ubuvuzi bukora neza. Ibyemezo bijyanye no gukomeza, guhindura, cyangwa guhagarika ubuvuzi birashobora gushingira kubisubizo byibi bizamini.

Bimwe mubizamini bizakomeza gukorwa buri gihe nyuma yubuvuzi burangiye. Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini birashobora kwerekana niba imiterere y'umwana wawe yarahindutse cyangwa niba kanseri yarongeye (garuka). Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe byitwa gukurikirana-ibizamini cyangwa kugenzura.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Retinoblastoma

Muri iki gice

• Umuti wa Unilateral, Bilateral, na Cavitar Retinoblastoma

• Umuti wa Retinoblastoma idasanzwe

• Umuti wa Retinoblastoma itera imbere cyangwa igaruka

Kumakuru yerekeye imiti yavuzwe hepfo, reba igice cyo kuvura.

Umuti wa Unilateral, Bilateral, na Cavitar Retinoblastoma

Niba bishoboka ko ijisho rishobora gukizwa, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie cyangwa ophthalmic arteri infusion chimiotherapie, hamwe na chimiotherapie intravitreal cyangwa idafite, kugirango igabanye ikibyimba. Ibi birashobora gukurikirwa numwe cyangwa benshi muribi bikurikira:

• Cryotherapy.

• Ubuvuzi.

• Plaque radiotherapi.

• Imiti ivura imishwarara yo hanze ya retinoblastoma yimitsi yombi idasubiza ubundi buvuzi.

Niba ikibyimba ari kinini kandi bikaba bidashoboka ko ijisho rishobora gukizwa, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubaga (enucleation). Nyuma yo kubagwa, imiti ya chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa kugirango igabanye ibyago ko kanseri yakwirakwira mu bindi bice byumubiri.

Iyo retinoblastoma iri mumaso yombi, kuvura buri jisho birashobora kuba bitandukanye, bitewe nubunini bwikibyimba kandi niba bishoboka ko ijisho rishobora gukizwa. Igipimo cya chimiotherapie sisitemu isanzwe ishingiye kumaso ifite kanseri nyinshi.

Ubuvuzi bwa cavitar retinoblastoma, ubwoko bwa retinoblastoma yo mu nda, bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie cyangwa ophthalmic arteri infusion chimiotherapie.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Umuti wa Retinoblastoma idasanzwe

Umuti wa retinoblastoma udasanzwe wakwirakwiriye mu gice cy'amaso urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwimirasire yo hanze.

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no kubagwa (enucleation). Imiti ivura imishwarara yo hanze hamwe na chimiotherapie irashobora gutangwa nyuma yo kubagwa.

Umuti wa retinoblastoma udasanzwe wakwirakwiriye mu bwonko urashobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie cyangwa sisitemu.

• Imiti yo hanze-beam ivura ubwonko nu mugongo.

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie ikabije hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo.

Ntabwo byumvikana niba kuvura hakoreshejwe chimiotherapie, kuvura imirasire, cyangwa imiti myinshi ya chimiotherapie hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo zifasha abarwayi bafite retinoblastoma idasanzwe kubaho igihe kirekire.

Kuri retinoblastoma inyabutatu, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie ikabije hamwe no gutabara ingirangingo.

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa no kubagwa no kuvura imirasire yo hanze.

Kuri retinoblastoma yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice byumubiri, ariko ntabwo ari ubwonko, ubuvuzi bushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:

• Chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie ikabije hamwe no gutabara ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe no kuvura imirasire yo hanze.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Umuti wa Retinoblastoma itera imbere cyangwa igaruka

Kuvura retinoblastoma itera imbere cyangwa igaruka kenshi irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Imiti yo hanze-beam ivura cyangwa plaque radiotherapi.

• Cryotherapy.

• Ubuvuzi.

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie cyangwa ophthalmic arteri infusion chimiotherapie.

• Imiti ya chimiotherapie.

• Kubaga (enucleation).

Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene. Kuvura retinoblastoma itera imbere cyangwa igaruka kenshi irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie hamwe nubuvuzi bwa radiyo yo hanze ya retinoblastoma igaruka nyuma yo kubagwa kugirango ikureho ijisho.

• Sisitemu ya chimiotherapie ikurikirwa na chimiotherapie ikabije hamwe no gutabara ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe no kuvura imirasire yo hanze.

• Igeragezwa rya clinique risuzuma icyitegererezo cyibibyimba byumurwayi kugirango hahindurwe gene. Ubwoko bwo kuvura bugenewe umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imihindagurikire ya gene.

Koresha ubushakashatsi bwamavuriro kugirango ushakishe NCI ifashwa na kanseri ivura abarwayi. Urashobora gushakisha ibigeragezo ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri, imyaka yumurwayi, n’aho ibizamini bikorerwa. Amakuru rusange yerekeye ibizamini byamavuriro nayo arahari.

Kumenya byinshi kuri Kanseri yo mu bwana

Ushaka amakuru menshi yikigo cyigihugu cya kanseri kubyerekeye kuvura retinoblastoma, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Urupapuro rwibanze rwa Retinoblastoma

• Kubara Tomografiya (CT) Gusikana na Kanseri

• Kubaga mu kuvura Kanseri: Ibibazo n'ibisubizo

• Ibiyobyabwenge Byemewe kuri Retinoblastoma

• Kwipimisha genetike ya Syndromes Yarazwe Kanseri

Kubindi bisobanuro bya kanseri yo mu bwana hamwe nubundi buryo rusange bwa kanseri, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeye Kanseri

• Kanseri yo mu bwana

• Umuti wo Gushakisha Kanseri Yabana Kureka

• Ingaruka Zitinze Kuvura Kanseri Yabana

• Ingimbi n'abangavu bafite kanseri

• Abana barwaye Kanseri: Imfashanyigisho ku babyeyi

• Kanseri mu bana n'ingimbi

• Gutegura

• Guhangana na Kanseri

• Ibibazo byo Kubaza Muganga wawe kuri Kanseri

• Abacitse ku icumu n'abarezi